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Aborehab NM, Kandeil MA, Sabry D, Rabie R, Ibrahim IT. Circular SERPINA3 and its target microRNA-944 as potential biomarkers in hepatitis C virus-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian population. Noncoding RNA Res 2023; 8:401-412. [PMID: 37305177 PMCID: PMC10247953 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The most prevalent cancer in Egypt is hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mainly due to the infection with the hepatitis C virus. So it is critical to find sensitive biomarkers for early diagnosis of HCC and avoid post-operation tumor recurrence. Therefore, this research was designed to demonstrate the circSERPINA3 role in the regulation of microRNA-944 gene expression in HCV-related HCC cases and compare these results with circSERPINA3 and microRNA-944 gene expression levels in HCV-infected patients. Methodology Study participants were divided into three groups: healthy controls, HCV- infected, and HCV-induced HCC patients. The gene expression levels of circSERPINA3 and microRNA-944 were evaluated using Real-Time qPCR. Then the immunoblotting procedure was applied to measure the serum levels of MDM2 and E-cadherin besides, the serum concentration levels of glypican-3 and alpha-fetoprotein were measured by sandwich ELISA. Results The gene expression level of circSERPINA3 was significantly upregulated in both HCV-infected and HCC patients causing suppression of the antitumor effect of miR-944 and showing a lower 1-year survival rate than the participants who had low circSERPINA3 gene expression levels. Subsequently, the miR-944 downstream protein, MDM2 was remarkably upregulated, exaggerating the metastasis and oxidative stress in HCC cases. Additionally, the results confirmed the downregulation of microRNA-944 improved the progression of viral hepatitis C cases to hepatocarcinogenesis through the significantly increased serum level of the metastatic marker, E-cadherin. Although alpha-fetoprotein is a common diagnostic marker used in the diagnosis of HCC, our results showed that glypican-3 had greater sensitivity and specificity and positively correlated to the IGF-1 signaling pathway of HCC cases. Moreover, the gene expression levels of circSERPINA3 and E-cadherin in both the HCV and HCV-induced HCC were significantly positively correlated. Conclusion circSERPINA3 and miR-944 were sensitive molecular markers for early diagnosis of HCC and could be prospective treatment targets for HCV-infected patients to avoid tumor recurrence in HCC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora M. Aborehab
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 12451, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Kandeil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62521, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Badr University in Cairo, Cairo, 11829, Egypt
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Radwa Rabie
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 12451, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim T. Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, 62521, Egypt
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2
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The role and application of transcriptional repressors in cancer treatment. Arch Pharm Res 2023; 46:1-17. [PMID: 36645575 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-023-01427-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression is modulated through the integration of many regulatory elements and their associated transcription factors (TFs). TFs bind to specific DNA sequences and either activate or repress transcriptional activity. Through decades of research, it has been established that aberrant expression or functional abnormalities of TFs can lead to uncontrolled cell division and the development of cancer. Initial studies on transcriptional regulation in cancer have focused on TFs as transcriptional activators. However, recent studies have demonstrated several different mechanisms of transcriptional repression in cancer, which could be potential therapeutic targets for the development of specific anti-cancer agents. In the first section of this review, "Emerging roles of transcriptional repressors in cancer development," we summarize the current understanding of transcriptional repressors and their involvement in the molecular processes of cancer progression. In the subsequent section, "Therapeutic applications," we provide an updated overview of the available therapeutic targets for drug discovery and discuss the new frontier of such applications.
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Heredia-Torres TG, Rincón-Sánchez AR, Lozano-Sepúlveda SA, Galan-Huerta K, Arellanos-Soto D, García-Hernández M, Garza-Juarez ADJ, Rivas-Estilla AM. Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in HCV-Induced Carcinogenesis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122762. [PMID: 36560766 PMCID: PMC9786602 DOI: 10.3390/v14122762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer induced by a viral infection is among the leading causes of cancer. Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) is a hepatotropic oncogenic positive-sense RNA virus that leads to chronic infection, exposing the liver to a continuous process of damage and regeneration and promoting hepatocarcinogenesis. The virus promotes the development of carcinogenesis through indirect and direct molecular mechanisms such as chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, steatosis, genetic alterations, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, proliferation, and apoptosis, among others. Recently, direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) showed sustained virologic response in 95% of cases. Nevertheless, patients treated with DAAs have reported an unexpected increase in the early incidence of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Studies suggest that HCV induces epigenetic regulation through non-coding RNAs, DNA methylation, and chromatin remodeling, which modify gene expressions and induce genomic instability related to HCC development that persists with the infection's clearance. The need for a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the development of carcinogenesis is evident. The aim of this review was to unravel the molecular pathways involved in the development of carcinogenesis before, during, and after the viral infection's resolution, and how these pathways were regulated by the virus, to find control points that can be used as potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Guadalupe Heredia-Torres
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, CIIViM, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Ana Rosa Rincón-Sánchez
- IBMMTG, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44100, Mexico
| | - Sonia Amelia Lozano-Sepúlveda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, CIIViM, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Kame Galan-Huerta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, CIIViM, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Daniel Arellanos-Soto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, CIIViM, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Marisela García-Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, CIIViM, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Aurora de Jesús Garza-Juarez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, CIIViM, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Ana María Rivas-Estilla
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, CIIViM, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 64460, Mexico
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-81-8333-7747
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4
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Zhao L, Sun X, Chen L, Feng X, Yang X, Zou P, Wang X, Zhang R. Hepatitis C Virus Core Protein Promotes the Metastasis of Human Hepatocytes by Activating the MAPK/ERK/PEA3-SRF/c-Fos/MMPs Axis. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:469-482. [PMID: 35817647 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Previous studies have shown that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein plays an important role in the metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. This study aimed to identify the potential mechanism of HCV core protein in HCC. METHODS A transcription factor microarray analysis was performed to identify the factors regulated by the HCV core protein. A comprehensive bioinformatics analysis approach was utilized to predict the functions, regulatory signaling pathways and downstream target genes of the differentially regulated transcription factors. Dual-luciferase assays, qPCR, Western blotting, ERK pathway inhibition experiments and siRNA knockdown experiments were performed to verify the effects of the HCV core protein on PEA3, SRF and c-Fos, as well asthe underlying mechanism. The migration/invasion assay and scratch assay served to confirm the metastasis-promoting mechanism of the HCV core protein. RESULTS The results demonstrated that altered expression of PEA3, SRF and c-Fos mediated by the HCV core protein were associated with the MAPK/ERK pathway. c-Fos was a downstream target protein of PEA3 and SRF. Knockdown of PEA3-SRF/c-Fos expression and ERK pathway components suppressed the migration and invasion activity of hepatocytes by affecting MMP2 and MMP9 expression. CONCLUSION We provided preliminary evidence that the role of the HCV core protein in promoting metastasis is at least partially dependent on the activation of the MAPK/ERK/PEA3-SRF/c-Fos/MMP2/MMP9 axis. These findings reveal a novel mechanism by which the HCV core protein promotes HCC metastasis and may provide new therapeutic targets for patients with metastatic HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhao
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaojie Sun
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Luhua Chen
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyan Feng
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiqin Yang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xialu Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medical Devices, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Life Science and Bio-Pharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Agnetti J, Desterke C, Gassama-Diagne A. Impact of HCV Infection on Hepatocyte Polarity and Plasticity. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11030337. [PMID: 35335661 PMCID: PMC8955246 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an oncogenic virus that alters the cell polarization machinery in order to enter the hepatocyte and replicate. While these alterations are relatively well defined, their consequences in the evolution of the disease remain poorly documented. Since 2012, HCV infection can be effectively cured with the advent of direct acting antivirals (DAA). Nevertheless, patients cured of their HCV infection still have a high risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Importantly, it has been shown that some of the deregulations induced by HCV are maintained despite a sustained virologic response (SVR), including the down-regulation of some hepatocyte functions such as bile acid metabolism, exemplifying cell dedifferentiation, and the up-regulation of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is a process by which epithelial cells lose their differentiation and their specific polarity to acquire mesenchymal cell properties, including migration and extracellular matrix remodeling capabilities. Of note, epithelial cell polarity acts as a gatekeeper against EMT. Thus, it remains important to elucidate the mechanisms by which HCV alters polarity and promotes EMT that could participate in viral-induced hepatic carcinogenesis. In this review, we define the main steps involved in the polarization process of epithelial cells and recall the essential cellular actors involved. We also highlight the particularities of hepatocyte polarity, responsible for their unique morphology. We then focus on the alterations by HCV of epithelial cell polarity and the consequences of the transformation of hepatocytes involved in the carcinogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Agnetti
- INSERM, UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Sud, F-94800 Villejuif, France;
| | | | - Ama Gassama-Diagne
- INSERM, UMR-S 1193, Université Paris-Sud, F-94800 Villejuif, France;
- Correspondence:
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Huang W, Chen J, Liu X, Liu X, Duan S, Chen L, Liu X, Lan J, Zou Y, Guo D, Zhou J. MIER3 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes breast cancer cell aggressiveness via forming a co-repressor complex with HDAC1/HDAC2/Snail. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112722. [PMID: 34242623 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers and the leading cause of cancer death in women. MIER3 (Mesoderm induction early response 1, family member3) is considered as a potential oncogene for breast cancer. However, the role of MIER3 in breast cancer remain largely unknown. The expression of MIER3 was detected and the relationship between its expression and clinicopathological characteristics was also analyzed. The effect of MIER3 on proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells was detected in vitro and in vivo. Western blot, IF, and Co-IP were employed to detect the relationship between MIER3, HDAC1, HDAC2, and Snail. ChIP assay was performed to determine the binding of MIER3/HDAC1/HDAC2/Snail complex to the promoter of E-cadherin. In this study, we found that MIER3 was upregulated in breast cancer tissue and closely associated with poor prognosis of patients. MIER3 could promote the proliferation, migration, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of breast cancer cells. Further studies showed that MIER3 interacted with HDAC1/HDAC2 and Snail to form a repressive complex which could bind to E-cadherin promoter and was related to its deacetylation. Our study concluded that MIER3 was involved in forming a co-repressor complex with HDAC1/HDAC2/Snail to promote EMT by silencing E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Huang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jianxiong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xunhua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xuming Liu
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shiyu Duan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lixia Chen
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoting Liu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jiawen Lan
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Scientific Research Platform, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Dan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Igarashi K, Nishizawa H, Saiki Y, Matsumoto M. The transcription factor BACH1 at the crossroads of cancer biology: From epithelial-mesenchymal transition to ferroptosis. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101032. [PMID: 34339740 PMCID: PMC8387770 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The progression of cancer involves not only the gradual evolution of cells by mutations in DNA but also alterations in the gene expression induced by those mutations and input from the surrounding microenvironment. Such alterations contribute to cancer cells' abilities to reprogram metabolic pathways and undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which facilitate the survival of cancer cells and their metastasis to other organs. Recently, BTB and CNC homology 1 (BACH1), a heme-regulated transcription factor that represses genes involved in iron and heme metabolism in normal cells, was shown to shape the metabolism and metastatic potential of cancer cells. The growing list of BACH1 target genes in cancer cells reveals that BACH1 promotes metastasis by regulating various sets of genes beyond iron metabolism. BACH1 represses the expression of genes that mediate cell–cell adhesion and oxidative phosphorylation but activates the expression of genes required for glycolysis, cell motility, and matrix protein degradation. Furthermore, BACH1 represses FOXA1 gene encoding an activator of epithelial genes and activates SNAI2 encoding a repressor of epithelial genes, forming a feedforward loop of EMT. By synthesizing these observations, we propose a “two-faced BACH1 model”, which accounts for the dynamic switching between metastasis and stress resistance along with cancer progression. We discuss here the possibility that BACH1-mediated promotion of cancer also brings increased sensitivity to iron-dependent cell death (ferroptosis) through crosstalk of BACH1 target genes, imposing programmed vulnerability upon cancer cells. We also discuss the future directions of this field, including the dynamics and plasticity of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
| | - Hironari Nishizawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuriko Saiki
- Department of Investigative Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Mitsuyo Matsumoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan; Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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8
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Zhao H, Ling J, Huang Y, Chang A, Zhuo X. The expression and clinical significance of an Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition inducer, SNAI1, in head and neck carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med 2020; 50:145-154. [PMID: 32945534 DOI: 10.1111/jop.13111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SNAI1 is an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducer, which has been indicated to play a role in the progression of cancers. We aimed to evaluate the expression and prognostic roles of SNAI1 in head and neck carcinoma (HNC). METHODS The study involved two major phases. In the in silico phase, the SNAI1 expression and its association with clinical features as well as its prognostic values were assessed; then, the target genes of SNAI1 were predicted and the relationship between SNAI1 expression and immune cell infiltration was evaluated. In the validation phase, a cohort of a tissue microarray (47 cases) and a cohort of HNC patients (68 cases) were enrolled. SNAI1 was detected by using an immunochemistry assay. RESULTS The in silico analysis showed that overexpression of SNAI1 in HNC tissues may be correlated with metastatic lymph node numbers and may predict poor outcomes. Six genes, including CREB3L1, MITF, KLF9, RARA, KLF7, and ETV1, were predicted to be the target genes of SNAI1. The expression of SNAI1 was negatively correlated with tumor purity of HNC, while it was positively correlated with the infiltration of diverse immune cells, such as B cells and macrophages. In the validation phase, the relationships of SNAI1 expression with lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis were verified. CONCLUSION Overexpression of SNAI1 might promote lymph node metastasis through complex molecular mechanisms and act as a prognostic indicator in HNC. SNAI1 expression may have a correlation with immune cell infiltrates. Future studies are needed to address these points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houyu Zhao
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Junjun Ling
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Aoshuang Chang
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xianlu Zhuo
- Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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9
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Hassan M, Aboushousha T, El-Ahwany E, Khalil HK, Montasser AY, Abu-Taleb H, El-Talkawy MD, Zoheiry M. Impact of E-cadherin and its transcription regulators on assessing epithelial-mesenchymal transition in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Minerva Gastroenterol (Torino) 2020; 67:175-182. [PMID: 32677416 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5985.20.02687-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanisms of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV)-induced liver fibrosis and hepatocarcinogenesis are still poorly recognized. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effect of chronic HCV infection on the expression of the major regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) including E-cadherin, Snail, Slug, and Twist2, in the Egyptian population. This will help to design more efficient strategies to treat HCV-associated cirrhosis and carcinoma. METHODS Fifty-nine liver biopsies from patients, that were serologically proven to be HCV positive, were included in the current study. Histopathological examination was done. Grading of hepatitis activity (A) and staging of fibrosis (F) were assessed using the METAVIR Scoring System. Additionally, an immunohistochemical examination of E-cadherin, Snail, Slug, and Twist2 expression was performed. RESULTS E-cadherin showed a significant progressive decline of its expression with increased fibrosis staging and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In contrast, Snail and Slug expression was positively associated with the stage of fibrosis and HCC. Meanwhile, Twist2 expression was not affected by the degree of hepatitis activity, the stage of fibrosis, or by the development of HCC. CONCLUSIONS E-cadherin and its transcriptional regulators; Snail and Slug may serve as indicators for assessing the stage of fibrosis and the progression of HCC associated with HCV infection but not for assessing the degree of hepatitis activity. Therefore, the Snail family could be a promising target for designing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for chronic HCV infection and its serious comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Hassan
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt -
| | - Tarek Aboushousha
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman El-Ahwany
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba K Khalil
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Y Montasser
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hoda Abu-Taleb
- Department of Environmental Research, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed D El-Talkawy
- Department of Hepato-Gastroenterology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona Zoheiry
- Department of Immunology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
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10
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Rosendo-Chalma P, Antonio-Vejar V, Bigoni-Ordóñez GD, Patiño-Morales CC, Cano-García A, García-Carrancá A. CDH1 and SNAI1 are regulated by E7 from human papillomavirus types 16 and 18. Int J Oncol 2020; 57:301-313. [PMID: 32319591 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2020.5039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A common characteristic of cancer types associated with viruses is the dysregulated expression of the CDH1 gene, which encodes E‑cadherin, in general by activation of DNA methyltransferases (Dnmts). In cervical cancer, E7 protein from high risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) has been demonstrated to interact with Dnmt1 and histone deacetylase type 1 (HDAC1). The present study proposed that E7 may regulate the expression of CDH1 through two pathways: i) Epigenetic, including DNA methylation; and ii) Epigenetic‑independent, including the induction of negative regulators of CDH1 expression, such as Snail family transcriptional repressor Snai1 and Snai2. To test this hypothesis, HPV16‑ and HPV18‑positive cell lines were used to determine the methylation pattern of the CDH1 promoter and its expression in association with its negative regulators. Different methylation frequencies were identified in the CDH1 promoter in HeLa (88.24%) compared with SiHa (17.65%) and Ca Ski (0%) cell lines. Significant differences in the expression of SNAI1 were observed between these cell lines, and an inverse association was identified between the expression levels of SNAI1 and CDH1. In addition, suppressing E7 not only increased the expression of CDH1, but notably decreased the expression of SNAI1 and modified the methylation pattern of the CDH1 promoter. These results suggested that the expression of CDH1 was dependent on the expression of SNAI1 and was inversely associated with the expression of E7. The present results indicated that E7 from HPV16/18 regulated the expression of CDH1 by the two following pathways in which Snai1 is involved: i) Hypermethylation of the CDH1 promoter region and increasing expression of SNAI1, as observed in HeLa; and ii) Hypomethylation of the CDH1 promoter region and expression of SNAI1, as observed in SiHa. Therefore, the suppression of CDH1 and expression of SNAI1 may be considered to be biomarkers of metastasis in uterine cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Rosendo-Chalma
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (IIB), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City 10450, Mexico
| | - Verónica Antonio-Vejar
- Laboratorio de Virus y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer of Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas‑Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IIB‑UNAM) and División de Investigación Básica of Instituto Nacional de Cancerología‑Secretaría de Salud (INCan‑SSA), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Gabriele Davide Bigoni-Ordóñez
- Laboratorio de Virus y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer of Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas‑Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IIB‑UNAM) and División de Investigación Básica of Instituto Nacional de Cancerología‑Secretaría de Salud (INCan‑SSA), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Carlos César Patiño-Morales
- Laboratorio de Virus y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer of Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas‑Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IIB‑UNAM) and División de Investigación Básica of Instituto Nacional de Cancerología‑Secretaría de Salud (INCan‑SSA), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Amparo Cano-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas 'Alberto Sols' (CSIC‑UAM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Alejandro García-Carrancá
- Laboratorio de Virus y Cáncer, Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer of Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas‑Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (IIB‑UNAM) and División de Investigación Básica of Instituto Nacional de Cancerología‑Secretaría de Salud (INCan‑SSA), Mexico City 14080, Mexico
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11
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Sun J, Meng D, Yu T, Li F, Zhang G, Tian X, Zhao N, Li G, Li L, Wang H, Liu Y, Meng Y, Ma Y, Wan Z, Bao J, Piao H. N-terminal truncated carboxypeptidase E represses E-cadherin expression in lung cancer by stabilizing the Snail-HDAC complex. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:925-938. [PMID: 32266100 PMCID: PMC7136916 DOI: pmid/32266100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The N-terminal truncated carboxypeptidase E (CPEΔN) protein, an alternative splicing product of the carboxypeptidase E gene, has recently been recognized as an independent predictor for the recurrence and metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma. In this study, we showed that CPEΔN may accelerate lung cancer invasion via an E-cadherin-dependent mechanism. In vitro experiments and in vivo bioluminescence imaging assay revealed CPEΔN promoted the mobility and invasion of human lung cancer cells by suppressing endogenous expression of E-cadherin, a critical regulator for epithelial tissue homeostasis. Further mechanistic analyses revealed that CPEΔN directly interacted with and stabilized the Snail/HDAC1/HDAC3 complex within the promoter region of the E-cadherin-encoding CDH1 gene. CPEΔN overexpression led to a reduction of histone H3K9 acetylation and an increase of H3K9 and H3K27 trimethylation in the CHD1 gene promoter and ultimately inhibited E-cadherin transcription. In addition, correlations among CPEΔN, E-cadherin expression and tumor progression in 195 cases of lung adenocarcinoma patients were analyzed. Higher nuclear expression of CPEΔN was detected in patients with advanced stage of lung adenocarcinoma. Nuclear expression of CPEΔN was negatively correlated with the cell membrane expression of E-cadherin. Collectively, our findings illustrated that CPEΔN was involved in the transcriptional regulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related gene CDH1 and provide novel insights into CPEΔN-associated lung cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Sun
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Dawei Meng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Liaoning Provincial Jinqiu HospitalShenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of The PRC, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of The PRC, China Medical UniversityShenyang 110122, Liaoning, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory of Cancer Research Institute, China Medical University First HospitalShenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Guimin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Liaoning Provincial Jinqiu HospitalShenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu Li
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantou 515000, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyue Wang
- Department of Scientific Research and Academic, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Yeqiu Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Yiming Meng
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Yushu Ma
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhong Wan
- Department of Scientific Research and Academic, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
| | - Jimin Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Liaoning Provincial Jinqiu HospitalShenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Haozhe Piao
- Central Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & InstituteShenyang 110042, Liaoning, China
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12
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Ninio L, Nissani A, Meirson T, Domovitz T, Genna A, Twafra S, Srikanth KD, Dabour R, Avraham E, Davidovich A, Gil-Henn H, Gal-Tanamy M. Hepatitis C Virus Enhances the Invasiveness of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via EGFR-Mediated Invadopodia Formation and Activation. Cells 2019; 8:cells8111395. [PMID: 31694343 PMCID: PMC6912298 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) represents the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third cause of cancer-related mortality. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis, which often results in liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually HCC. HCV is the most common risk factor for HCC in western countries and leads to a more aggressive and invasive disease with poorer patient survival rates. However, the mechanism by which the virus induces the metastatic spread of HCC tumor cells through the regulation of invadopodia, the key features of invasive cancer, is still unknown. Here, the integration of transcriptome with functional kinome screen revealed that HCV infection induced invasion and invadopodia-related gene expression combined with activation of host cell tyrosine kinases, leading to invadopodia formation and maturation and consequent cell invasiveness in vitro and in vivo. The promotion of invadopodia following HCV infection was mediated by the sustained stimulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) via the viral NS3/4A protease that inactivates the T-cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP), which inhibits EGFR signaling. Characterization of an invadopodia-associated gene signature in HCV-mediated HCC tumors correlated with the invasiveness of HCC and poor patient prognosis. These findings might lead to new prognostic and therapeutic strategies for virus-mediated invasive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liat Ninio
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (L.N.); (A.N.); (T.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (A.D.)
- Cell Migration and Invasion Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (T.M.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (K.D.S.)
| | - Abraham Nissani
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (L.N.); (A.N.); (T.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Tomer Meirson
- Cell Migration and Invasion Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (T.M.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (K.D.S.)
- Drug Discovery Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Tom Domovitz
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (L.N.); (A.N.); (T.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Alessandro Genna
- Cell Migration and Invasion Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (T.M.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (K.D.S.)
| | - Shams Twafra
- Cell Migration and Invasion Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (T.M.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (K.D.S.)
| | - Kolluru D. Srikanth
- Cell Migration and Invasion Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (T.M.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (K.D.S.)
| | - Roba Dabour
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (L.N.); (A.N.); (T.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Erez Avraham
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (L.N.); (A.N.); (T.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Ateret Davidovich
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (L.N.); (A.N.); (T.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (A.D.)
| | - Hava Gil-Henn
- Cell Migration and Invasion Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (T.M.); (A.G.); (S.T.); (K.D.S.)
- Correspondence: (H.G.-H.); (M.G.-T.)
| | - Meital Gal-Tanamy
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel; (L.N.); (A.N.); (T.D.); (R.D.); (E.A.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence: (H.G.-H.); (M.G.-T.)
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13
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Joyce MA, Berry-Wynne KM, dos Santos T, Addison WR, McFarlane N, Hobman T, Tyrrell DL. HCV and flaviviruses hijack cellular mechanisms for nuclear STAT2 degradation: Up-regulation of PDLIM2 suppresses the innate immune response. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007949. [PMID: 31374104 PMCID: PMC6677295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Host encounters with viruses lead to an innate immune response that must be rapid and broadly targeted but also tightly regulated to avoid the detrimental effects of unregulated interferon expression. Viral stimulation of host negative regulatory mechanisms is an alternate method of suppressing the host innate immune response. We examined three key mediators of the innate immune response: NF-KB, STAT1 and STAT2 during HCV infection in order to investigate the paradoxical induction of an innate immune response by HCV despite a multitude of mechanisms combating the host response. During infection, we find that all three are repressed only in HCV infected cells but not in uninfected bystander cells, both in vivo in chimeric mouse livers and in cultured Huh7.5 cells after IFNα treatment. We show here that HCV and Flaviviruses suppress the innate immune response by upregulation of PDLIM2, independent of the host interferon response. We show PDLIM2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that also acts to stimulate nuclear degradation of STAT2. Interferon dependent relocalization of STAT1/2 to the nucleus leads to PDLIM2 ubiquitination of STAT2 but not STAT1 and the proteasome-dependent degradation of STAT2, predominantly within the nucleus. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of PDLIM2 results in increased levels of STAT2 following IFNα treatment, retention of STAT2 within the nucleus of HCV infected cells after IFNα stimulation, increased interferon response, and increased resistance to infection by several flaviviruses, indicating that PDLIM2 is a global regulator of the interferon response. The response of cells to an invading pathogen must be swift and well controlled because of the detrimental effects of chronic inflammation. However, viruses often hijack host control mechanisms. HCV and flaviviruses are known to suppress the innate immune response in cells by a variety of mechanisms. This study clarifies and expands a specific cellular mechanism for global control of the antiviral response after the induction of interferon expression. It shows how several viruses hijack this control mechanism to suppress the innate interferon response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Joyce
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail: (MAJ); (DLT)
| | - Karyn M. Berry-Wynne
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Theodore dos Santos
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - William R. Addison
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicola McFarlane
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tom Hobman
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D. Lorne Tyrrell
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail: (MAJ); (DLT)
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14
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Sharma G, Tripathi SK, Das S. lncRNA HULC facilitates efficient loading of HCV-core protein onto lipid droplets and subsequent virus-particle release. Cell Microbiol 2019; 21:e13086. [PMID: 31290220 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cellular lipid pool plays a central role in hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle, from establishing infection to virus propagation. Here, we show that a liver abundant long noncoding RNA, highly upregulated in liver carcinoma (HULC), is upregulated during HCV infection and manipulates the lipid pool to favour virus life cycle. Interestingly, HULC was found to be crucial for the increase in number of lipid droplets in infected cells. This effect was attributed to the role of HULC in lipid biogenesis. Further, we demonstrated that HULC knockdown decreases the association of HCV-core protein with lipid droplets. This exhibited a direct consequence on the release of HCV particles. The role of HULC in HCV-particle release was further substantiated by additional knockdown and mutation experiments. Additionally, we found that increased level of HULC in HCV-infected cells was a result of Retinoid X Receptor Alpha (RXRA)-mediated transcription, which seemed to be aided by HCV-core protein. Taken together, the results identify a distinct role of long noncoding RNA HULC in lipid dynamics during HCV infection, which provides new insights into the complex process of HCV propagation and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Sharma
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Sachin Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Saumitra Das
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.,National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
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15
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Balakrishnan S, Mathad SS, Sharma G, Raju SR, Reddy UB, Das S, Ananthasuresh GK. A Nondimensional Model Reveals Alterations in Nuclear Mechanics upon Hepatitis C Virus Replication. Biophys J 2019; 116:1328-1339. [PMID: 30879645 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphology of the nucleus is an important regulator of gene expression. Nuclear morphology is in turn a function of the forces acting on it and the mechanical properties of the nuclear envelope. Here, we present a two-parameter, nondimensional mechanical model of the nucleus that reveals a relationship among nuclear shape parameters, such as projected area, surface area, and volume. Our model fits the morphology of individual nuclei and predicts the ratio between forces and modulus in each nucleus. We analyzed the changes in nuclear morphology of liver cells due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection using this model. The model predicted a decrease in the elastic modulus of the nuclear envelope and an increase in the pre-tension in cortical actin as the causes for the change in nuclear morphology. These predictions were validated biomechanically by showing that liver cells expressing HCV proteins possessed enhanced cellular stiffness and reduced nuclear stiffness. Concomitantly, cells expressing HCV proteins showed downregulation of lamin-A,C and upregulation of β-actin, corroborating the predictions of the model. Our modeling assumptions are broadly applicable to adherent, monolayer cell cultures, making the model amenable to investigate changes in nuclear mechanics due to other stimuli by merely measuring nuclear morphology. Toward this, we present two techniques, graphical and numerical, to use our model for predicting physical changes in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreenath Balakrishnan
- BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suma S Mathad
- Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Geetika Sharma
- Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Shilpa R Raju
- Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Uma B Reddy
- Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Saumitra Das
- BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
| | - G K Ananthasuresh
- BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India; Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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16
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Wu Y, Xu Y, Huang X, Ye D, Han M, Wang HL. Regulatory Roles of Histone Deacetylases 1 and 2 in Pb-induced Neurotoxicity. Toxicol Sci 2019; 162:688-701. [PMID: 29301062 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) prevails among the environmental hazards against human health. Although increasing evidence highlights the epigenetic roles underlying the Pb-induced neurotoxicity, the exact mechanisms concerning histone acetylation and its causative agents are still at its infancy. In the present study, the roles of histone deacetylases 1 and 2 (HDAC1/2), as well as acetylation of Lys9 on histone H3 (Ac-H3K9), in Pb-induced neurotoxicity were investigated. Pb was administered to PC12 cells at 10 μM for 24 h. And Sprague Dawley rats were chronically exposed to Pb through drinking water containing 250 ppm Pb for 2 months. Owing to Pb exposure, it indicated that HDAC2 was up-regulated accompanied by Ac-H3K9 down-regulation. Meanwhile, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay revealed that the changes in HDAC2 were attributed to histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation occupancy on its promoter. Blockade of HDAC2 with either Trichostatin A or HDAC2-knocking down construct (shHDAC2) resulted in amelioration of neurite outgrowth deficits via increasing Ac-H3K9 levels. It implied that HDAC2 plays essential regulatory roles in Pb-induced neurotoxicity. And, coimmunoprecipitation trials revealed that HDAC2 colocalized with HDAC1, forming a so-called HDAC1/2 complex. Subsequently, it was shown that HDAC1/2 repression could markedly prevent neurite outgrowth impairment and rescue the spatial memory deficits caused by Pb exposure, unequivocally implicating this complex in the studied toxicological process. Furthermore, Notch2 maybe the functional target of the HDAC1/2 and Ac-H3K9 alterations. Our study provided insight into the precise roles of HDAC1/2 in Pb-induced neurotoxicity, and thereby provided a promising molecular target for medical intervention of neurological disorders with environmental etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulan Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, PR China
| | - Yi Xu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, PR China
| | - Xiyao Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, PR China
| | - Danlei Ye
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, PR China
| | - Miaomiao Han
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, PR China
| | - Hui-Li Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui Province 230009, PR China
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17
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Regulation of miRNAs by Snail during epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in HT29 colon cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2165. [PMID: 30770873 PMCID: PMC6377707 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cancer cells, represents early stages of metastasis and is a promising target in colorectal cancer (CRC) therapy. There have been many attempts to identify markers and key pathways induced throughout EMT but the process is complex and depends on the cancer type and tumour microenvironment. Here we used the colon cancer cell line HT29, which stably overexpressed Snail, the key transcription factor in early EMT, as a model for colorectal adenocarcinoma cells with a pro-metastatic phenotype. We investigated miRNA expression regulation during that phenotypic switching. We found that overexpression of Snail in HT29 cells triggered significant changes in individual miRNA levels but did not change the global efficiency of miRNA processing. Snail abundance repressed the expression of miR-192 and miR-194 and increased miR-205, let-7i and SNORD13 levels. These identified changes correlated with the reported transcriptomic alterations in Snail-overexpressing HT29 cells. We also investigated how Snail affected the miRNA content of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from HT29 cells. Our data suggest that the presence of Snail significantly alters the complex mRNA/miRNA interactions in the early steps of metastasis and also has an impact on the content of EVs released from HT29 cells.
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18
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Lu Y, Liang Y, Zheng X, Deng X, Huang W, Zhang G. EVI1 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, cancer stem cell features and chemo-/radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:82. [PMID: 30770775 PMCID: PMC6377731 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant EVI1 expression is frequently reported in cancer studies; however, its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been examined in detail. The aim of the present study is to investigate the involvement of EVI1 in progression and prognosis of NPC. METHODS RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blot assays were used to examine the expression of EVI1 in NPC tissues and cell lines. Fluorescence in situ hybridization assay was used to examine the amplification of EVI1 in NPC tissues. The biological effect of EVI1 was determined by both in vitro and in vivo studies. The dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm that EVI1 bind at E-cadherin andβ-catenin promoters. The ChIP, EMSA, and coimmunoprecipitation combined with mass spectrometry assays were used to analyze the EVI1 regulated proteins. RESULTS EVI1 expression level was up-regulated in NPC tissues and cell lines. EVI1 was amplificated in NPC tissues. We observed that EVI1 down-regulation decreased the cell proliferation and invasive capacity of NPC cells in vitro and in vivo. EVI1, snail, and HDAC1 formed a co-repressor complex to repress E-cadherin expression and ultimately contributed to epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype in NPC cells. In another way, EVI1 directly bound at β-catenin promoter and activated its expression. β-catenin mediated EVI1's function on cancer stem cells (CSCs) properties. EVI1 up-regulation predicted unfavorable prognosis and contributed to chemo/radio-resistance in NPC cells. Finally, we constructed arsenic trioxide-loaded nanoparticles (ALNPs) and revealed that ALNPs exerted anti-tumor effect in NPC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicated that EVI1 played an oncogenic role in NPC growth and metastasis and that EVI1 might serve as a novel molecular target for the treatment of NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyong Lu
- Department of Oncology (Section 3), Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yingying Liang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- Yanling Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xubin Deng
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Wendong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, Guangdong, China.
| | - Gong Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, People's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, China.
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19
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Müller-Coan BG, Caetano BFR, Pagano JS, Elgui de Oliveira D. Cancer Progression Goes Viral: The Role of Oncoviruses in Aggressiveness of Malignancies. Trends Cancer 2018; 4:485-498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Zhang M, Dong X, Zhang D, Chen X, Zhu X. High expression of Snail and NF-κB predicts poor survival in Chinese hepatocellular carcinoma patients. Oncotarget 2018; 8:4543-4548. [PMID: 27965464 PMCID: PMC5354852 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we explored the roles of Snail and NF-κB in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Samples of HCC tumor tissue were collected from 83 Chinese HCC patients. Snail and NF-κB expression was then examined based on immunohistochemical staining, and the relations between Snail and NF-κB expression and the clinical characteristics of the patients were assessed using Cox model analysis. Snail and NF-κB were both expressed in HCC tissue, and their levels were strongly correlated. In addition, levels of both Snail and NF-κB expression were negatively related to tumor differentiation, which was an independent factor predictive of survival in HCC patients. Snail and NF-κB may thus be useful markers of tumor differentiation and survival in HCC, and may also be useful for guiding treatment and exploring molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Department of Scientific Research Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China.,Department of Scientific Research, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Dong
- The Third Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730020, P.R. China
| | - Dengcai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou 730050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Department of Scientific Research, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhu
- Department of Scientific Research, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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21
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Duan Y, Tian L, Gao Q, Liang L, Zhang W, Yang Y, Zheng Y, Pan E, Li S, Tang N. Chromatin remodeling gene ARID2 targets cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 to suppress hepatoma cell progression. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45863-45875. [PMID: 27351279 PMCID: PMC5216766 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exome and whole-genome sequencing studies have drawn attention to the role of somatic mutations in SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes in the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we explored the molecular mechanisms underlying the biological roles of AT-rich interactive domain 2 (ARID2) in the pathogenesis of HCC. We found that ARID2 expression was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues compared with non-tumorous tissues. Restoration of ARID2 expression in hepatoma cells was sufficient to suppress cell proliferation and tumor growth in mice, whereas ARID2 knockdown contributed to the enhancement of cellular proliferation and tumorigenicity. Suppression of ARID2 expression accelerated G1/S transition associated with upregulation of cyclin D1, cyclin E1, CDK4, and phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (Rb). Furthermore, we demonstrated that ARID2 physically interacts with E2F1 and decreases binding of E2F1/RNA Pol II to the promoters of CCND1 and CCNE1. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ARID2 suppresses tumor cell growth through repression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1 expression, thereby retarding cell cycle progression and cell proliferation in hepatoma cells. These findings highlight the potential role of ARID2 as a tumor growth suppressor in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Duan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ling Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Li Liang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Wenlu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Yaqiu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - E Pan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Shengwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
| | - Ni Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, PR China
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22
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Shao YY, Hsieh MS, Wang HY, Li YS, Lin H, Hsu HW, Huang CY, Hsu CH, Cheng AL. Hepatitis C virus core protein potentiates proangiogenic activity of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:86681-86692. [PMID: 29156827 PMCID: PMC5689717 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased angiogenic activity has been demonstrated in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the mechanism was unclear. To study the role of HCV core protein, we used tube formation and Matrigel plug assays to assess the proangiogenic activity of an HCC cell line, HuH7, and 2 of its stable clones—HuH7-core-high and HuH7-core-low, with high and low HCV core protein expression, respectively. In both assays, HuH7-core-high and HuH7-core-low cells dose-dependently induced stronger angiogenesis than control cells. HuH7 cells with HCV core protein expression showed increased mRNA and protein expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF inhibition by bevacizumab reduced the proangiogenic activity of HuH7-core-high cells. The promotor region of VEGF contains the binding site of activator protein-1 (AP-1). Compared with controls, HuH7-core-high cells had an increased AP-1 activity and nuclear localization of phospho-c-jun. AP-1 inhibition using either RNA knockdown or AP-1 inhibitors reduced the VEGF mRNA expression and the proangiogenic activity of HuH7-core-high cells. Among 131 tissue samples from HCC patients, HCV-related HCC revealed stronger VEGF expression than did hepatitis B virus-related HCC. In conclusion, increased VEGF expression through AP-1 activation is a crucial mechanism underlying the proangiogenic activity of the HCV core protein in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yun Shao
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Min-Shu Hsieh
- Department of Pathology, Graduate Institute of Pathology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Han-Yu Wang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yong-Shi Li
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wei Hsu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Huang
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Lii Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan.,National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei City, Taiwan
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23
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Zhou JJ, Meng Z, He XY, Cheng D, Ye HL, Deng XG, Chen RF. Hepatitis C virus core protein increases Snail expression and induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition through the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway in hepatoma cells. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:574-583. [PMID: 27381678 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
AIM Aberrant expression of Snail, a mediator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is crucial for cancer invasiveness and metastasis. Although hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein has been implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis, the relationship between HCV core and Snail expression has not been clarified. METHODS HepG2 and Huh7 stable cell lines were established by transfection with pcDNA-HCVc. HepG2-HCVc and Huh7-HCVc cells were co-administered with AG490. Cell migration and invasiveness were tested. STAT3 and Snail expression was analyzed by Real-time PCR and Western blot. RESULTS We found that HCV core is capable of increasing Snail expression and inducing EMT in hepatoma cells. HCV core-induced Snail expression was accompanied by activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), inhibition of STAT3 abrogated HCV core-induced Snail expression and EMT. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed that phosphorylated STAT3 directly binds to the Snail promoter. CONCLUSION Collectively, these results suggest that HCV core would play a role in hepatocellular carcinoma invasiveness and metastasis by activating the STAT3 pathway, increasing Snail expression and subsequently triggering EMT. These findings would advance the understanding of HCV-mediated invasiveness and metastasis, and might provide a new potential therapeutic target for HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhe Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu He
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Physiology, Guangdong Provincial Institute of Sports Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Di Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui-Lin Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Geng Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ru-Fu Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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24
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Bandiera S, Billie Bian C, Hoshida Y, Baumert TF, Zeisel MB. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 20:99-105. [PMID: 27741441 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is one of the major causes of advanced liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. While the knowledge about the molecular virology of HCV infection has markedly advanced, the molecular mechanisms of disease progression leading to fibrosis, cirrhosis and HCC are still unclear. Accumulating experimental and clinical studies indicate that HCV may drive hepatocarcinogenesis directly via its proteins or transcripts, and/or indirectly through induction of chronic liver inflammation. Despite the possibility to eradicate HCV infection through direct-acting antiviral treatment, the risk of HCC persists although specific biomarkers to estimate this risk are still missing. Thus, a better understanding of HCV-induced HCC and more physiological liver disease models are required to prevent cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Bandiera
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - C Billie Bian
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Liver Cancer Program, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle hépato-digestif, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Mirjam B Zeisel
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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25
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Multifaceted role of E-cadherin in hepatitis C virus infection and pathogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:7298-300. [PMID: 27342863 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1607732113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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