1
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Bonnet LV, Palandri A, Flores-Martin JB, Hallak ME. Arginyltransferase 1 modulates p62-driven autophagy via mTORC1/AMPk signaling. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:87. [PMID: 38297346 PMCID: PMC10832197 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-024-01499-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arginyltransferase (Ate1) orchestrates posttranslational protein arginylation, a pivotal regulator of cellular proteolytic processes. In eukaryotic cells, two interconnected systems-the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and macroautophagy-mediate proteolysis and cooperate to maintain quality protein control and cellular homeostasis. Previous studies have shown that N-terminal arginylation facilitates protein degradation through the UPS. Dysregulation of this machinery triggers p62-mediated autophagy to ensure proper substrate processing. Nevertheless, how Ate1 operates through this intricate mechanism remains elusive. METHODS We investigated Ate1 subcellular distribution through confocal microscopy and biochemical assays using cells transiently or stably expressing either endogenous Ate1 or a GFP-tagged Ate1 isoform transfected in CHO-K1 or MEFs, respectively. To assess Ate1 and p62-cargo clustering, we analyzed their colocalization and multimerization status by immunofluorescence and nonreducing immunoblotting, respectively. Additionally, we employed Ate1 KO cells to examine the role of Ate1 in autophagy. Ate1 KO MEFs cells stably expressing GFP-tagged Ate1-1 isoform were used as a model for phenotype rescue. Autophagy dynamics were evaluated by analyzing LC3B turnover and p62/SQSTM1 levels under both steady-state and serum-starvation conditions, through immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. We determined mTORC1/AMPk activation by assessing mTOR and AMPk phosphorylation through immunoblotting, while mTORC1 lysosomal localization was monitored by confocal microscopy. RESULTS Here, we report a multifaceted role for Ate1 in the autophagic process, wherein it clusters with p62, facilitates autophagic clearance, and modulates its signaling. Mechanistically, we found that cell-specific inactivation of Ate1 elicits overactivation of the mTORC1/AMPk signaling hub that underlies a failure in autophagic flux and subsequent substrate accumulation, which is partially rescued by ectopic expression of Ate1. Statistical significance was assessed using a two-sided unpaired t test with a significance threshold set at P<0.05. CONCLUSIONS Our findings uncover a critical housekeeping role of Ate1 in mTORC1/AMPk-regulated autophagy, as a potential therapeutic target related to this pathway, that is dysregulated in many neurodegenerative and cancer diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V Bonnet
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CIQUIBIC, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Anabela Palandri
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CIQUIBIC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Jesica B Flores-Martin
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CIQUIBIC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marta E Hallak
- Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CIQUIBIC, Córdoba, Argentina.
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2
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MacTaggart B, Shimogawa M, Lougee M, Tang HY, Petersson EJ, Kashina A. Global Analysis of Post-Translational Side-Chain Arginylation Using Pan-Arginylation Antibodies. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100664. [PMID: 37832787 PMCID: PMC10656225 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Arginylation is a post-translational modification mediated by the arginyltransferase 1 (ATE1), which transfers the amino acid arginine to a protein or peptide substrate from a tRNA molecule. Initially, arginylation was thought to occur only on N-terminally exposed acidic residues, and its function was thought to be limited to targeting proteins for degradation. However, more recent data have shown that ATE1 can arginylate side chains of internal acidic residues in a protein without necessarily affecting metabolic stability. This greatly expands the potential targets and functions of arginylation, but tools for studying this process have remained limited. Here, we report the first global screen specifically for side-chain arginylation. We generate and validate "pan-arginylation" antibodies, which are designed to detect side-chain arginylation in any amino acid sequence context. We use these antibodies for immunoaffinity enrichment of side-chain arginylated proteins from wildtype and Ate1 knockout cell lysates. In this way, we identify a limited set of proteins that likely undergo ATE1-dependent side-chain arginylation and that are enriched in specific cellular roles, including translation, splicing, and the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany MacTaggart
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marie Shimogawa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marshall Lougee
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hsin-Yao Tang
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility, Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - E J Petersson
- Department of Chemistry, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anna Kashina
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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3
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Van V, Ejimogu NE, Bui TS, Smith AT. The Structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Arginyltransferase 1 (ATE1). J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167816. [PMID: 36087779 PMCID: PMC9992452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic post-translational arginylation, mediated by the family of enzymes known as the arginyltransferases (ATE1s), is an important post-translational modification that can alter protein function and even dictate cellular protein half-life. Multiple major biological pathways are linked to the fidelity of this process, including neural and cardiovascular developments, cell division, and even the stress response. Despite this significance, the structural, mechanistic, and regulatory mechanisms that govern ATE1 function remain enigmatic. To that end, we have used X-ray crystallography to solve the crystal structure of ATE1 from the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATE1 (ScATE1) in the apo form. The three-dimensional structure of ScATE1 reveals a bilobed protein containing a GCN5-related N-acetyltransferase (GNAT) fold, and this crystalline behavior is faithfully recapitulated in solution based on size-exclusion chromatography-coupled small angle X-ray scattering (SEC-SAXS) analyses and cryo-EM 2D class averaging. Structural superpositions and electrostatic analyses point to this domain and its domain-domain interface as the location of catalytic activity and tRNA binding, and these comparisons strongly suggest a mechanism for post-translational arginylation. Additionally, our structure reveals that the N-terminal domain, which we have previously shown to bind a regulatory [Fe-S] cluster, is dynamic and disordered in the absence of metal bound in this location, hinting at the regulatory influence of this region. When taken together, these insights bring us closer to answering pressing questions regarding the molecular-level mechanism of eukaryotic post-translational arginylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verna Van
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA. https://twitter.com/VernaVan
| | - Nna-Emeka Ejimogu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Toan S Bui
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Aaron T Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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4
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Functional Interplay between Arginyl-tRNA Synthetases and Arginyltransferase. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710160. [PMID: 36077558 PMCID: PMC9456563 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein arginylation, mediated by arginyltransferase ATE1, is a post-translational modification of emerging biological importance that consists of transfer of the amino acid Arg to protein and peptide substrates. ATE1 utilizes charged tRNAArg as the donor of the arginyl group, which depends on the activity of Arg-tRNA synthetases (RARS) and is also utilized in translation. The mechanisms that regulate the functional balance among ATE1, RARS and translation are unknown. Here, we addressed the question of how these two enzymes can partition Arg-tRNAArg to functionally distinct pathways using an intracellular arginylation sensor in cell lines with overexpression or deletion of ATE1 and RARS isoforms. We found that arginylation levels depend on the physiological state of the cells but are not directly affected by translation activity or the availability of RARS isoforms. However, displacement of RARS from the multi-synthetase complex leads to an increase in intracellular arginylation independently of RARS enzymatic activity. This effect is accompanied by ATE1′s redistribution into the cytosol. Our results provide the first comprehensive analysis of the interdependence among translation, arginyl-tRNA synthesis and arginylation.
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5
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Lazar I, Fabre B, Feng Y, Khateb A, Frit P, Kashina A, Zhang T, Avitan-Hersh E, Kim H, Brown K, Topisirovic I, Ronai ZA. Arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase 1 (ATE1) promotes melanoma cell growth and migration. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:1468-1480. [PMID: 35561126 PMCID: PMC10118390 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase 1 (ATE1) catalyses N-terminal protein arginylation, a post-translational modification implicated in cell migration, invasion and the cellular stress response. Herein, we report that ATE1 is overexpressed in NRAS-mutant melanomas, while it is downregulated in BRAF-mutant melanomas. ATE1 expression was higher in metastatic tumours, compared with primary tumours. Consistent with these findings, ATE1 depletion reduced melanoma cell viability, migration and colony formation. Reduced ATE1 expression also affected cell responses to mTOR and MEK inhibitors and to serum deprivation. Among putative ATE1 substrates is the tumour suppressor AXIN1, pointing to the possibility that ATE1 may fine-tune AXIN1 function in melanoma. Our findings highlight an unexpected role for ATE1 in melanoma cell aggressiveness and suggest that ATE1 constitutes a potential new therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikrame Lazar
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,MCD, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), CNRS, UT3, Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Bertrand Fabre
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.,Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, UMR5546, UT3, INP, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Auzeville-Tolosane, France
| | - Yongmei Feng
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Ali Khateb
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Philippe Frit
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale (IPBS), UMR 5089, CNRS, UT3, Université de Toulouse, France
| | - Anna Kashina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tongwu Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily Avitan-Hersh
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Faculty of Medicine, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hyungsoo Kim
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Brown
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ivan Topisirovic
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, Departments of Experimental Medicine and Biochemistry, Lady Davis Institute, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
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6
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Moorthy BT, Jiang C, Patel DM, Ban Y, O'Shea CR, Kumar A, Yuan T, Birnbaum MD, Gomes AV, Chen X, Fontanesi F, Lampidis TJ, Barrientos A, Zhang F. The evolutionarily conserved arginyltransferase 1 mediates a pVHL-independent oxygen-sensing pathway in mammalian cells. Dev Cell 2022; 57:654-669.e9. [PMID: 35247316 PMCID: PMC8957288 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The response to oxygen availability is a fundamental process concerning metabolism and survival/death in all mitochondria-containing eukaryotes. However, the known oxygen-sensing mechanism in mammalian cells depends on pVHL, which is only found among metazoans but not in other species. Here, we present an alternative oxygen-sensing pathway regulated by ATE1, an enzyme ubiquitously conserved in eukaryotes that influences protein degradation by posttranslational arginylation. We report that ATE1 centrally controls the hypoxic response and glycolysis in mammalian cells by preferentially arginylating HIF1α that is hydroxylated by PHD in the presence of oxygen. Furthermore, the degradation of arginylated HIF1α is independent of pVHL E3 ubiquitin ligase but dependent on the UBR family proteins. Bioinformatic analysis of human tumor data reveals that the ATE1/UBR and pVHL pathways jointly regulate oxygen sensing in a transcription-independent manner with different tissue specificities. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that eukaryotic ATE1 likely evolved during mitochondrial domestication, much earlier than pVHL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji T Moorthy
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Chunhua Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Devang M Patel
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Yuguang Ban
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Corin R O'Shea
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Tan Yuan
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Michael D Birnbaum
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Aldrin V Gomes
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Flavia Fontanesi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Theodore J Lampidis
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Antoni Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Fangliang Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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7
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Xu C, Li YM, Sun B, Zhong FJ, Yang LY. ATE1 Inhibits Liver Cancer Progression through RGS5-Mediated Suppression of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1441-1453. [PMID: 34158395 PMCID: PMC9398136 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Arginyltransferase (ATE1) plays critical roles in many biological functions including cardiovascular development, angiogenesis, adipogenesis, muscle contraction, and metastasis of cancer. However, the role of ATE1 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. In this study, we find that ATE1 plays an essential role in growth and malignancy of liver cancer. ATE1 expression is significantly reduced in human HCC samples compared with normal liver tissue. In addition, low ATE1 expression is correlated with aggressive clinicopathologic features and is an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with HCC. Lentivirus-mediated ATE1 knockdown significantly promoted liver cancer growth, migration, and disease progression in vitro and in vivo. Opposing results were observed when ATE1 was upregulated. Mechanistically, ATE1 accelerated the degradation of β-catenin and inhibited Wnt signaling by regulating turnover of Regulator of G Protein Signaling 5 (RGS5). Loss- and gain-of-function assays confirmed that RGS5 was a key effector of ATE1-mediated regulation of Wnt signaling. Further studies indicated that RGS5 might be involved in regulating the activity of GSK3-β, a crucial component of the cytoplasmic destruction complex. Treatment with a GSK inhibitor (CHIR99021) cooperated with ablation of ATE1 or RGS5 overexpression to promote Wnt/β-catenin signaling, but overexpression of ATE1 or RGS5 knockdown did not reverse the effect of GSK inhibitor. IMPLICATIONS: ATE1 inhibits liver cancer progression by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling and can serve as a potentially valuable prognostic biomarker for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Xu
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Ming Li
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bo Sun
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fang-Jing Zhong
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lian-Yue Yang
- Liver Cancer Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Department of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Corresponding Author: Lian-Yue Yang, Department of Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road 87, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China. Phone: 731-8432-7365; Fax: 731-8432-7618; E-mail:
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8
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Kalinina M, Skvortsov D, Kalmykova S, Ivanov T, Dontsova O, Pervouchine D. Multiple competing RNA structures dynamically control alternative splicing in the human ATE1 gene. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:479-490. [PMID: 33330934 PMCID: PMC7797038 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian Ate1 gene encodes an arginyl transferase enzyme with tumor suppressor function that depends on the inclusion of one of the two mutually exclusive exons (MXE), exons 7a and 7b. We report that the molecular mechanism underlying MXE splicing in Ate1 involves five conserved regulatory intronic elements R1-R5, of which R1 and R4 compete for base pairing with R3, while R2 and R5 form an ultra-long-range RNA structure spanning 30 Kb. In minigenes, single and double mutations that disrupt base pairings in R1R3 and R3R4 lead to the loss of MXE splicing, while compensatory triple mutations that restore RNA structure revert splicing to that of the wild type. In the endogenous Ate1 pre-mRNA, blocking the competing base pairings by LNA/DNA mixmers complementary to R3 leads to the loss of MXE splicing, while the disruption of R2R5 interaction changes the ratio of MXE. That is, Ate1 splicing is controlled by two independent, dynamically interacting, and functionally distinct RNA structure modules. Exon 7a becomes more included in response to RNA Pol II slowdown, however it fails to do so when the ultra-long-range R2R5 interaction is disrupted, indicating that exon 7a/7b ratio depends on co-transcriptional RNA folding. In sum, these results demonstrate that splicing is coordinated both in time and in space over very long distances, and that the interaction of these components is mediated by RNA structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kalinina
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Center of Life Sciences, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Dmitry Skvortsov
- Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Svetlana Kalmykova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Center of Life Sciences, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Timofei Ivanov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Center of Life Sciences, Moscow 143026, Russia
| | - Olga Dontsova
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Center of Life Sciences, Moscow 143026, Russia
- Moscow State University, Faculty of Chemistry, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Dmitri D Pervouchine
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Center of Life Sciences, Moscow 143026, Russia
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9
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Jiang C, Moorthy BT, Patel DM, Kumar A, Morgan WM, Alfonso B, Huang J, Lampidis TJ, Isom DG, Barrientos A, Fontanesi F, Zhang F. Regulation of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex Levels, Organization, and Function by Arginyltransferase 1. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:603688. [PMID: 33409279 PMCID: PMC7779560 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.603688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginyltransferase 1 (ATE1) is an evolutionary-conserved eukaryotic protein that localizes to the cytosol and nucleus. It is the only known enzyme in metazoans and fungi that catalyzes posttranslational arginylation. Lack of arginylation has been linked to an array of human disorders, including cancer, by altering the response to stress and the regulation of metabolism and apoptosis. Although mitochondria play relevant roles in these processes in health and disease, a causal relationship between ATE1 activity and mitochondrial biology has yet to be established. Here, we report a phylogenetic analysis that traces the roots of ATE1 to alpha-proteobacteria, the mitochondrion microbial ancestor. We then demonstrate that a small fraction of ATE1 localizes within mitochondria. Furthermore, the absence of ATE1 influences the levels, organization, and function of respiratory chain complexes in mouse cells. Specifically, ATE1-KO mouse embryonic fibroblasts have increased levels of respiratory supercomplexes I+III2+IVn. However, they have decreased mitochondrial respiration owing to severely lowered complex II levels, which leads to accumulation of succinate and downstream metabolic effects. Taken together, our findings establish a novel pathway for mitochondrial function regulation that might explain ATE1-dependent effects in various disease conditions, including cancer and aging, in which metabolic shifts are part of the pathogenic or deleterious underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Balaji T Moorthy
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Devang M Patel
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - William M Morgan
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Belkis Alfonso
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Jingyu Huang
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Theodore J Lampidis
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Daniel G Isom
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Institute for Data Science and Computing, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, United States
| | - Antoni Barrientos
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Flavia Fontanesi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Fangliang Zhang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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10
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Van V, Smith AT. ATE1-Mediated Post-Translational Arginylation Is an Essential Regulator of Eukaryotic Cellular Homeostasis. ACS Chem Biol 2020; 15:3073-3085. [PMID: 33228359 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.0c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Arginylation is a protein post-translational modification catalyzed by arginyl-tRNA transferases (ATE1s), which are critical enzymes conserved across all eukaryotes. Arginylation is a key step in the Arg N-degron pathway, a hierarchical cellular signaling pathway that links the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of a protein to the identity of its N-terminal amino acid side chain. The fidelity of ATE1-catalyzed arginylation is imperative, as this post-translational modification regulates several essential biological processes such as cardiovascular maturation, chromosomal segregation, and even the stress response. While the process of ATE1-catalyzed arginylation has been studied in detail at the cellular level, much remains unknown about the structure of this important enzyme, its mechanism of action, and its regulation. In this work, we detail the current state of knowledge on ATE1-catalyzed arginylation, and we discuss both ongoing and future directions that will reveal the structural and mechanistic details of this essential eukaryotic cellular regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verna Van
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
| | - Aaron T. Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250, United States
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11
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Avcilar-Kucukgoze I, Kashina A. Hijacking tRNAs From Translation: Regulatory Functions of tRNAs in Mammalian Cell Physiology. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:610617. [PMID: 33392265 PMCID: PMC7773854 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.610617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfer tRNAs (tRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that are highly conserved in all kingdoms of life. Originally discovered as the molecules that deliver amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain during protein synthesis, tRNAs have been believed for a long time to play exclusive role in translation. However, recent studies have identified key roles for tRNAs and tRNA-derived small RNAs in multiple other processes, including regulation of transcription and translation, posttranslational modifications, stress response, and disease. These emerging roles suggest that tRNAs may be central players in the complex machinery of biological regulatory pathways. Here we overview these non-canonical roles of tRNA in normal physiology and disease, focusing largely on eukaryotic and mammalian systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Avcilar-Kucukgoze
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anna Kashina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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12
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Heat stress induced arginylation of HuR promotes alternative polyadenylation of Hsp70.3 by regulating HuR stability and RNA binding. Cell Death Differ 2020; 28:730-747. [PMID: 32929216 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00619-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginylation was previously found to promote stabilization of heat shock protein 70.3 (Hsp70.3) mRNA and cell survival in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) on exposure to heat stress (HS). In search of a factor responsible for these phenomena, the current study identified human antigen R (HuR) as a direct target of arginylation. HS induced arginylation of HuR affected its stability and RNA binding activity. Arginylated HuR failed to bind Hsp70.3 3' UTR, allowing the recruitment of cleavage stimulating factor 64 (CstF64) in the proximal poly-A-site (PAS), generating transcripts with short 3'UTR. However, HuR from Ate1 knock out (KO) MEFs bound to proximal PAS region with higher affinity, thus excluded CstF64 recruitment. This inhibited the alternative polyadenylation (APA) of Hsp70.3 mRNA and generated the unstable transcripts with long 3'UTR. The inhibition of RNA binding activity of HuR was traced to arginylation-coupled phosphorylation of HuR, by check point kinase 2 (Chk2). Arginylation of HuR occurred at the residue D15 and the arginylation was needed for the phosphorylation. Accumulation of HuR also decreased cell viability upon HS. In conclusion, arginylation dependent modifications of HuR maintained its cellular homeostasis, and promoted APA of Hsp70.3 pre-mRNA, during early HS response.
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13
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Avcilar-Kucukgoze I, Gamper H, Polte C, Ignatova Z, Kraetzner R, Shtutman M, Hou YM, Dong DW, Kashina A. tRNA Arg-Derived Fragments Can Serve as Arginine Donors for Protein Arginylation. Cell Chem Biol 2020; 27:839-849.e4. [PMID: 32553119 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2020.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Arginyltransferase ATE1 mediates posttranslational arginylation and plays key roles in multiple physiological processes. ATE1 utilizes arginyl (Arg)-tRNAArg as the donor of Arg, putting this reaction into a direct competition with the protein synthesis machinery. Here, we address the question of ATE1- Arg-tRNAArg specificity as a potential mechanism enabling this competition in vivo. Using in vitro arginylation assays and Ate1 knockout models, we find that, in addition to full-length tRNA, ATE1 is also able to utilize short tRNAArg fragments that bear structural resemblance to tRNA-derived fragments (tRF), a recently discovered class of small regulatory non-coding RNAs with global emerging biological role. Ate1 knockout cells show a decrease in tRFArg generation and a significant increase in the ratio of tRNAArg:tRFArg compared with wild type, suggesting a functional link between tRFArg and arginylation. We propose that generation of physiologically important tRFs can serve as a switch between translation and protein arginylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irem Avcilar-Kucukgoze
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Howard Gamper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA
| | - Christine Polte
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Zoya Ignatova
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Hamburg, 20148 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Kraetzner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Michael Shtutman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Ya-Ming Hou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19144, USA
| | - Dawei W Dong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anna Kashina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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14
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Wiley DJ, D’Urso G, Zhang F. Posttranslational Arginylation Enzyme Arginyltransferase1 Shows Genetic Interactions With Specific Cellular Pathways in vivo. Front Physiol 2020; 11:427. [PMID: 32435206 PMCID: PMC7218141 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginyltransferase1 (ATE1) is a conserved enzyme in eukaryotes mediating posttranslational arginylation, the addition of an extra arginine to an existing protein. In mammals, the dysregulations of the ATE1 gene (ate1) is shown to be involved in cardiovascular abnormalities, cancer, and aging-related diseases. Although biochemical evidence suggested that arginylation may be involved in stress response and/or protein degradation, the physiological role of ATE1 in vivo has never been systematically determined. This gap of knowledge leads to difficulties for interpreting the involvements of ATE1 in diseases pathogenesis. Since ate1 is highly conserved between human and the unicellular organism Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. pombe), we take advantage of the gene-knockout library of S. pombe, to investigate the genetic interactions between ate1 and other genes in a systematic and unbiased manner. By this approach, we found that ate1 has a surprisingly small and focused impact size. Among the 3659 tested genes, which covers nearly 75% of the genome of S. pombe, less than 5% of them displayed significant genetic interactions with ate1. Furthermore, these ate1-interacting partners can be grouped into a few discrete clustered categories based on their functions or their physical interactions. These categories include translation/transcription regulation, biosynthesis/metabolism of biomolecules (including histidine), cell morphology and cellular dynamics, response to oxidative or metabolic stress, ribosomal structure and function, and mitochondrial function. Unexpectedly, inconsistent to popular belief, very few genes in the global ubiquitination or degradation pathways showed interactions with ate1. Our results suggested that ATE1 specifically regulates a handful of cellular processes in vivo, which will provide critical mechanistic leads for studying the involvements of ATE1 in normal physiologies as well as in diseased conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Wiley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Gennaro D’Urso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Fangliang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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15
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Singh A, Borah AK, Deka K, Gogoi AP, Verma K, Barah P, Saha S. Arginylation regulates adipogenesis by regulating expression of PPARγ at transcript and protein level. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:596-607. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Varland S, Vandekerckhove J, Drazic A. Actin Post-translational Modifications: The Cinderella of Cytoskeletal Control. Trends Biochem Sci 2019; 44:502-516. [PMID: 30611609 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Actin is one of the most abundant proteins in eukaryotic cells and the main component of the microfilament system. It plays essential roles in numerous cellular activities, including muscle contraction, maintenance of cell integrity, and motility, as well as transcriptional regulation. Besides interacting with various actin-binding proteins (ABPs), proper actin function is regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs), such as acetylation, arginylation, oxidation, and others. Here, we explain how actin PTMs can contribute to filament formation and stability, and may have additional actin regulatory functions, which potentially contribute to disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Varland
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 53 A, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada
| | - Joël Vandekerckhove
- Department of Biochemistry, UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Adrian Drazic
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 91, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
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17
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Regulating Apoptosis by Degradation: The N-End Rule-Mediated Regulation of Apoptotic Proteolytic Fragments in Mammalian Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113414. [PMID: 30384441 PMCID: PMC6274719 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A pivotal hallmark of some cancer cells is the evasion of apoptotic cell death. Importantly, the initiation of apoptosis often results in the activation of caspases, which, in turn, culminates in the generation of proteolytically-activated protein fragments with potentially new or altered roles. Recent investigations have revealed that the activity of a significant number of the protease-generated, activated, pro-apoptotic protein fragments can be curbed via their selective degradation by the N-end rule degradation pathways. Of note, previous work revealed that several proteolytically-generated, pro-apoptotic fragments are unstable in cells, as their destabilizing N-termini target them for proteasomal degradation via the N-end rule degradation pathways. Remarkably, previous studies also showed that the proteolytically-generated anti-apoptotic Lyn kinase protein fragment is targeted for degradation by the UBR1/UBR2 E3 ubiquitin ligases of the N-end rule pathway in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Crucially, the degradation of cleaved fragment of Lyn by the N-end rule counters imatinib resistance in these cells, implicating a possible linkage between the N-end rule degradation pathway and imatinib resistance. Herein, we highlight recent studies on the role of the N-end rule proteolytic pathways in regulating apoptosis in mammalian cells, and also discuss some possible future directions with respect to apoptotic proteolysis signaling.
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18
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Birnbaum MD, Zhao N, Moorthy BT, Patel DM, Kryvenko ON, Heidman L, Kumar A, Morgan WM, Ban Y, Reis IM, Chen X, Gonzalgo ML, Jorda M, Burnstein KL, Zhang F. Reduced Arginyltransferase 1 is a driver and a potential prognostic indicator of prostate cancer metastasis. Oncogene 2018; 38:838-851. [PMID: 30177837 PMCID: PMC6368462 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Most prostate cancer cases remain indolent for long periods of time, but metastatic progression quickly worsens the prognosis and leads to mortality. However, little is known about what promotes the metastasis of prostate cancer and there is a lack of effective prognostic indicators, making it immensely difficult to manage options for treatment or surveillance. Arginyltransferase 1 (Ate1) is the enzyme mediating post-translational protein arginylation, which has recently been identified as a master regulator affecting many cancer-relevant pathways including stress response, cell cycle checkpoints, and cell migration/adhesion. However, the precise role of Ate1 in cancer remains unknown. In this study, we found the occurrence of metastasis of prostate cancer is inversely correlated with the levels of Ate1 protein and mRNA in the primary tumor. We also found that metastatic prostate cancer cell lines have a reduced level of Ate1 protein compared to non-metastatic cell lines, and that a depletion of Ate1 drives prostate cancer cells towards more aggressive pro-metastatic phenotypes without affecting proliferation rates. Furthermore, we demonstrated that a reduction of Ate1 can result from chronic stress, and that shRNA-reduced Ate1 increases cellular resistance to stress, and drives spontaneous and stress-induced genomic mutations. Finally, by using a prostate orthotropic xenograft mouse model, we found that a reduction of Ate1 was sufficient to enhance the metastatic phenotypes of prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in vivo. Our study revealed a novel role of Ate1 in suppressing prostate cancer metastasis, which has a profound significance for establishing metastatic indicators for prostate cancer, and for finding potential treatments to prevent its metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Birnbaum
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Balaji T Moorthy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Devang M Patel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Oleksandr N Kryvenko
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Laine Heidman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Akhilesh Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Botany, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - William M Morgan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Yuguang Ban
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Isildinha M Reis
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Xi Chen
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mark L Gonzalgo
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Urology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Merce Jorda
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Kerry L Burnstein
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Fangliang Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA. .,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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19
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Comba A, Bonnet LV, Goitea VE, Hallak ME, Galiano MR. Arginylated Calreticulin Increases Apoptotic Response Induced by Bortezomib in Glioma Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:1653-1664. [PMID: 29916141 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
After retrotranslocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm, calreticulin is modified by the enzyme arginyltransferase-1 (ATE1). Cellular levels of arginylated calreticulin (R-CRT) are regulated in part by the proteasomal system. Under various stress conditions, R-CRT becomes associated with stress granules (SGs) or reaches the plasma membrane (PM), where it participates in pro-apoptotic signaling. The mechanisms underlying the resistance of tumor cells to apoptosis induced by specific drugs remain unclear. We evaluated the regulatory role of R-CRT in apoptosis of human glioma cell lines treated with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BT). Two cell lines (HOG, MO59K) displaying distinctive susceptibility to apoptosis induction were studied further. BT efficiency was found to be correlated with a subcellular distribution of R-CRT. In MO59K (apoptosis-resistant), R-CRT was confined to SGs formed following BT treatment. In contrast, HOG (apoptosis-susceptible) treated with BT showed lower SG formation and higher levels of cytosolic and PM R-CRT. Increased R-CRT level was associated with enhanced mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ and with sustained apoptosis activation via upregulation of cell death receptor DR5. R-CRT overexpression in the cytoplasm of MO59K rendered the cells susceptible to BT-induced, DR5-mediated cell death. Our findings suggest that R-CRT plays an essential role in the effect of BT treatment on tumor cells and that ATE1 is a strong candidate target for future studies of cancer diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Comba
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Laura V Bonnet
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victor E Goitea
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marta E Hallak
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Mauricio R Galiano
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba (CIQUIBIC-CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
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20
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Deka K, Singh A, Chakraborty S, Mukhopadhyay R, Saha S. Protein arginylation regulates cellular stress response by stabilizing HSP70 and HSP40 transcripts. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16074. [PMID: 27752365 PMCID: PMC5045964 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
ATE1-mediated post-translational addition of arginine to a protein has been shown to regulate activity, interaction, and stability of the protein substrates. Arginylation has been linked to many different stress conditions, namely ER stress, cytosolic misfolded protein stress, and nitrosative stress. However, clear understanding about the effect of arginylation in cellular stress responses is yet to emerge. In this study, we investigated the role of arginylation in heat-stress response. Our findings suggest that Ate1 knock out (KO) cells are more susceptible to heat stress compared with its wild-type counterparts due to the induction of apoptosis in KO cells. Gene expression analysis of inducible heat-shock proteins (HSP70.1, HSP70.3, and HSP40) showed induction of these genes in KO cells early in the heat shock, but were drastically diminished at the later period of heat shock. Further analysis revealed that loss of ATE1 drastically reduced the stability of all three HSP mRNAs. These phenotypes were greatly restored by overexpression of Ate1 in KO cells. Our findings show that arginylation plays a protective role during heat stress by regulating HSP gene expression and mRNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamalakshi Deka
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Napaam, Assam, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Napaam, Assam, India
| | - Surajit Chakraborty
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Napaam, Assam, India
| | - Rupak Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Napaam, Assam, India
| | - Sougata Saha
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University , Napaam, Assam, India
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21
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Posttranslational arginylation enzyme Ate1 affects DNA mutagenesis by regulating stress response. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2378. [PMID: 27685622 PMCID: PMC5059882 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Arginyltransferase 1 (Ate1) mediates protein arginylation, a poorly understood protein posttranslational modification (PTM) in eukaryotic cells. Previous evidence suggest a potential involvement of arginylation in stress response and this PTM was traditionally considered anti-apoptotic based on the studies of individual substrates. However, here we found that arginylation promotes cell death and/or growth arrest, depending on the nature and intensity of the stressing factor. Specifically, in yeast, mouse and human cells, deletion or downregulation of the ATE1 gene disrupts typical stress responses by bypassing growth arrest and suppressing cell death events in the presence of disease-related stressing factors, including oxidative, heat, and osmotic stresses, as well as the exposure to heavy metals or radiation. Conversely, in wild-type cells responding to stress, there is an increase of cellular Ate1 protein level and arginylation activity. Furthermore, the increase of Ate1 protein directly promotes cell death in a manner dependent on its arginylation activity. Finally, we found Ate1 to be required to suppress mutation frequency in yeast and mammalian cells during DNA-damaging conditions such as ultraviolet irradiation. Our study clarifies the role of Ate1/arginylation in stress response and provides a new mechanism to explain the link between Ate1 and a variety of diseases including cancer. This is also the first example that the modulation of the global level of a PTM is capable of affecting DNA mutagenesis.
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22
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Physiological functions and clinical implications of the N-end rule pathway. Front Med 2016; 10:258-70. [PMID: 27492620 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-016-0458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The N-end rule pathway is a unique branch of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in which the determination of a protein's half-life is dependent on its N-terminal residue. The N-terminal residue serves as the degradation signal of a protein and thus called N-degron. N-degron can be recognized and modifed by several steps of post-translational modifications, such as oxidation, deamination, arginylation or acetylation, it then polyubiquitinated by the N-recognin for degradation. The molecular basis of the N-end rule pathway has been elucidated and its physiological functions have been revealed in the past 30 years. This pathway is involved in several biological aspects, including transcription, differentiation, chromosomal segregation, genome stability, apoptosis, mitochondrial quality control, cardiovascular development, neurogenesis, carcinogenesis, and spermatogenesis. Disturbance of this pathway often causes the failure of these processes, resulting in some human diseases. This review summarized the physiological functions of the N-end rule pathway, introduced the related biological processes and diseases, with an emphasis on the inner link between this pathway and certain symptoms.
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23
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Galiano MR, Goitea VE, Hallak ME. Post-translational protein arginylation in the normal nervous system and in neurodegeneration. J Neurochem 2016; 138:506-17. [PMID: 27318192 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-translational arginylation of proteins is an important regulator of many physiological pathways in cells. This modification was originally noted in protein degradation during neurodegenerative processes, with an apparently different physiological relevance between central and peripheral nervous system. Subsequent studies have identified a steadily increasing number of proteins and proteolysis-derived polypeptides as arginyltransferase (ATE1) substrates, including β-amyloid, α-synuclein, and TDP43 proteolytic fragments. Arginylation is involved in signaling processes of proteins and polypeptides that are further ubiquitinated and degraded by the proteasome. In addition, it is also implicated in autophagy/lysosomal degradation pathway. Recent studies using mutant mouse strains deficient in ATE1 indicate additional roles of this modification in neuronal physiology. As ATE1 is capable of modifying proteins either at the N-terminus or middle-chain acidic residues, determining which proteins function are modulated by arginylation represents a big challenge. Here, we review studies addressing various roles of ATE1 activity in nervous system function, and suggest future research directions that will clarify the role of post-translational protein arginylation in brain development and various neurological disorders. Arginyltransferase (ATE1), the enzyme responsible for post-translational arginylation, modulates the functions of a wide variety of proteins and polypeptides, and is also involved in the main degradation pathways of intracellular proteins. Regulatory roles of ATE1 have been well defined for certain organs. However, its roles in nervous system development and neurodegenerative processes remain largely unknown, and present exciting opportunities for future research, as discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio R Galiano
- Centro de Investigaciones de Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Victor E Goitea
- Centro de Investigaciones de Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marta E Hallak
- Centro de Investigaciones de Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba, Argentina
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