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Vairaktari E, Schramm A, Vairaktari G, Derka S, Wilde F, Sakkas A, Yapijakis C, Kouri M, Balakas A, Lazaris A, Ebeling M, Vassiliou S. AKT and PERP Show Higher Expression in Precancerous than in Malignant Skin Neoplasms: Profiling in an Animal Model of Sequential Skin Carcinogenesis. J Pers Med 2024; 14:790. [PMID: 39201982 PMCID: PMC11355399 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14080790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the activation of the PERP and Akt oncogenes in the induction of skin cancer in FVB/N mice by a stepwise chemical process. Forty four-week-old female FVB/N mice were randomly divided into a control group (n = 8) and two experimental groups (group A: n = 16, group B: n = 16). In the study, the groups were subjected to a two-stage carcinogenesis procedure. This consisted of an initial application of 97.4 nmol DMBA to shaved skin on the back, followed by applications of 32.4 nmol TPA after thirteen weeks for group A and after twenty weeks for group B. The control group received no treatment. Skin conditions were monitored weekly for tumor development. At the end of the experiment, the animals were euthanized for further tissue sampling. Examination of the skin lesions in the experimental groups showed a correlation with tumor progression, ranging from dysplasia to carcinoma. Tumor samples were examined both histologically and immunohistochemically. Notably, and PERP expression was higher in precancerous than in malignant tumors. The differences in expression between precancerous and benign tumors provide further evidence of a role for PERP and Akt in the transition from benign to malignant states. Our findings underscore the critical roles of PERP and Akt in the pathogenesis of skin cancer and suggest their potential as biomarkers for early detection and targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia Vairaktari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Academic Hospital of the University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Georgia Vairaktari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridoula Derka
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Frank Wilde
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Academic Hospital of the University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Sakkas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Academic Hospital of the University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christos Yapijakis
- Unit of Orofacial Genetics, University Research Institute for the Study of Genetic and Malignant Disorders in Childhood, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Kouri
- Department of Oral Medicine & Pathology and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios Balakas
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Lazaris
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Marcel Ebeling
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 10, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Oral and Plastic Maxillofacial Surgery, Military Hospital Ulm, Academic Hospital of the University of Ulm, Oberer Eselsberg 40, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Stavros Vassiliou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University General Hospital Attikon, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Chi H, Jiang P, Xu K, Zhao Y, Song B, Peng G, He B, Liu X, Xia Z, Tian G. A novel anoikis-related gene signature predicts prognosis in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and reveals immune infiltration. Front Genet 2022; 13:984273. [PMID: 36092898 PMCID: PMC9459093 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.984273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly aggressive disease with a poor prognosis for advanced tumors. Anoikis play a key role in cancer metastasis, facilitating the detachment and survival of cancer cells from the primary tumor site. However, few studies have focused on the role of anoikis in HNSC, especially on the prognosis.Methods: Anoikis-related genes (ANRGs) integrated from Genecards and Harmonizome portals were used to identify HNSCC subtypes and to construct a prognostic model for HNSCC patients. Also, we explored the immune microenvironment and enrichment pathways between different subtypes. Finally, we provide clinical experts with a novel nomogram based on ANRGs, with DCA curves indicating the potential clinical benefit of the model for clinical strategies.Results: We identified 69 survival-related HNSCC anoikis-related DEGs, from which 7 genes were selected to construct prognostic models. The prognostic risk score was identified as an independent prognostic factor. Functional analysis showed that these high and low risk groups had different immune status and drug sensitivity. Next risk scores were combined with HNSCC clinicopathological features together to construct a nomogram, and DCA analysis showed that the model could benefit patients from clinical treatment strategies.Conclusion: The predictive seven-gene signature and nomogram established in this study can assist clinicians in selecting personalized treatment for patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Puyu Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xu
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Hangzhou, China
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Bingyu Song
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Gaoge Peng
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Bingsheng He
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhijia Xia
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
- *Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Gang Tian,
| | - Gang Tian
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhijia Xia, ; Gang Tian,
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Liu X, Chipurupalli S, Jiang P, Tavasoli M, Yoo BH, McPhee M, Mazinani S, Francia G, Kerbel RS, Rosen KV. ErbB2/Her2-dependent downregulation of a cell death-promoting protein BLNK in breast cancer cells is required for 3D breast tumor growth. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:687. [PMID: 35933456 PMCID: PMC9357009 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A significant proportion of breast cancers are driven by ErbB2/Her2 oncoprotein that they overexpress. These malignancies are typically treated with various ErbB2-targeted drugs, but many such cancers develop resistance to these agents and become incurable. Conceivably, treatment of ErbB2-positive cancers could be facilitated by use of agents blocking oncogenic signaling mechanisms downstream of ErbB2. However, current understanding of these mechanisms is limited. The ability of solid tumor cells to resist anoikis, cell death triggered by cell detachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM), is thought to be critical for 3D tumor growth. In an effort to understand the mechanisms of ErbB2-driven breast cancer cell anoikis resistance we found that detachment of non-malignant breast epithelial cells from the ECM upregulates a cell death-promoting tumor suppressor adapter protein BLNK and that ErbB2 blocks this upregulation by reducing tumor cell levels of transcription factor IRF6. We further observed that trastuzumab, a therapeutic anti-ErbB2 antibody, upregulates BLNK in human trastuzumab-sensitive but not trastuzumab-resistant ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells. Moreover, we established that BLNK promotes anoikis by activating p38 MAP kinase and that ErbB2-dependent BLNK downregulation blocks breast cancer cell anoikis. In search for pharmacological approaches allowing to upregulate BLNK in tumor cells we found that clinically approved proteasome inhibitor bortezomib upregulates IRF6 and BLNK in human breast cancer cells and inhibits their 3D growth in a BLNK-dependent manner. In addition, we found that BLNK upregulation in human ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells blocks their ability to form tumors in mice. Furthermore, we used publicly available data on mRNA levels in multiple breast cancers to demonstrate that increased BLNK mRNA levels correlate with increased relapse-free survival in a cohort of approximately 400 patients with ErbB2-positive breast cancer. In summary, we discovered a novel mechanism of ErbB2-driven 3D breast tumor growth mediated by ErbB2-dependent BLNK downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Liu
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Sandhya Chipurupalli
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Peijia Jiang
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Mahtab Tavasoli
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Byong Hoon Yoo
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Michael McPhee
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Sina Mazinani
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Giulio Francia
- grid.267324.60000 0001 0668 0420Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), El Paso, TX USA
| | - Robert S. Kerbel
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON Canada ,grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938University of Toronto Department of Medical Biophysics, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Kirill V. Rosen
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
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Shan BQ, Wang XM, Zheng L, Han Y, Gao J, Lv MD, Zhang Y, Liu YX, Zhang H, Chen HS, Ao L, Zhang YL, Lu X, Wu ZJ, Xu Y, Che X, Heger M, Cheng SQ, Pan WW, Zhang X. DCAF13 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation by ubiquitin inhibiting PERP expression. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:1587-1600. [PMID: 35178836 PMCID: PMC9128170 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Evolutionarily conserved DDB1-and CUL4-associated factor 13 (DCAF13) is a recently discovered substrate receptor for the cullin RING-finger ubiquitin ligase 4 (CRL4) E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates cell cycle progression. DCAF13 is overexpressed in many cancers, although its role in breast cancer is currently elusive. In this study we demonstrate that DCAF13 is overexpressed in human breast cancer and that its overexpression closely correlates with poor prognosis, suggesting that DCAF13 may serve as a diagnostic marker and therapeutic target. We knocked down DCAF13 in breast cancer cell lines using CRISPR/Cas9 and found that DCAF13 deletion markedly reduced breast cancer cell proliferation, clone formation, and migration both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, DCAF13 deletion promoted breast cancer cell apoptosis and senescence, and induced cell cycle arrest in the G1/S phase. Genome-wide RNAseq analysis and western blotting revealed that loss of DCAF13 resulted in both mRNA and protein accumulation of p53 apoptosis effector related to PMP22 (PERP). Knockdown of PERP partially reversed the hampered cell proliferation induced by DCAF13 knockdown. Co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that DCAF13 and DNA damage-binding protein 1 (DDB1) directly interact with PERP. Overexpression of DDB1 significantly increased PERP polyubiquitination, suggesting that CRL4DCAF13 E3 ligase targets PERP for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. In conclusion, DCAF13 and the downstream effector PERP occupy key roles in breast cancer proliferation and potentially serve as prognostics and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Qian Shan
- College of Forest and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiao-Min Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Li Zheng
- The Key Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
| | - Yao Han
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Meng-Dan Lv
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Yi-Xuan Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Hao-Sa Chen
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Lei Ao
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Yin-Li Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310016, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Zhong-Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Xuan Che
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiaxing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, affiliated with Women and Children Hospital, Jiaxing University, Zhejiang Province, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Michal Heger
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Shu-Qun Cheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, 225 Changhai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.,G60 STI Valley Industry & Innovation Institute, Jiaxing University
| | - Wei-Wei Pan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, 118 Jiahang Road, Jiaxing, 314001, China.,G60 STI Valley Industry & Innovation Institute, Jiaxing University
| | - Xin Zhang
- College of Forest and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
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5
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Gao R, Ye M, Liu B, Wei M, Ma D, Dong K. m6A Modification: A Double-Edged Sword in Tumor Development. Front Oncol 2021; 11:679367. [PMID: 34381710 PMCID: PMC8350482 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.679367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Modification of m6A, as the most abundant mRNA modification, plays diverse roles in various biological processes in eukaryotes. Emerging evidence has revealed that m6A modification is closely associated with the activation and inhibition of tumor pathways, and it is significantly linked to the prognosis of cancer patients. Aberrant reduction or elevated expression of m6A regulators and of m6A itself have been identified in numerous tumors. In this review, we give a description of the dynamic properties of m6A modification regulators, such as methyltransferases, demethylases, and m6A binding proteins, and indicate the value of the balance between these proteins in regulating the expression of diverse genes and the underlying effects on cancer development. Furthermore, we summarize the “dual-edged weapon” role of RNA methylation in tumor progression and discuss that RNA methylation can not only result in tumorigenesis but also lead to suppression of tumor formation. In addition, we summarize the latest research progress on small-molecule targeting of m6A regulators to inhibit or activate m6A. These studies indicate that restoring the balance of m6A modification via targeting specific imbalanced regulators may be a novel anti-cancer strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runnan Gao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Mujie Ye
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Baihui Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Wei
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Bochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kuiran Dong
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai, China
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Liu Z, Hu S, Yun Z, Hu W, Zhang S, Luo D. Using dynamic cell communication improves treatment strategies of breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:275. [PMID: 34034721 PMCID: PMC8145794 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01979-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Several insights from the clinical treatment of breast cancer patients have revealed that only a portion of patients achieve the expected curative effect after traditional targeted therapy, that surgical treatment may promote the development of cancer metastasis, and that the optimal combination of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and traditional treatment is not clear. Therefore, a more precise classification of breast cancer and selection of treatment methods should be undertaken to improve the efficacy of clinical treatment. In the clinical treatment of breast cancer, cell communication molecules are often selected as therapeutic targets. However, various cell communications are not static. Their dynamic changes are related to communicating cells, communicating molecules, and various intertwined internal and external environmental factors. Understanding the dynamic microenvironment can help us improve therapeutic efficacy and provide new ways to more accurately determine the cancer status. Therefore, this review describes multiple types of cellular communication in the breast cancer microenvironment and incorporates internal and external environmental factors as variable signaling factors in cell communication. Using dynamic and developmental concepts, we summarize the functional changes in signaling molecules and cells to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibo Liu
- Second Clinic Medical College, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Hu
- Thrombosis Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Zehui Yun
- Queen Mary School, School of Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanshan Hu
- School of Medicine, Forth Clinic Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuhua Zhang
- Jiangxi Cardiovascular Research Institute, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Aiguo Road, No. 152, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Daya Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanchang University, Bayi Road, No. 461, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China.
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Surette A, Yoo BH, Younis T, Matheson K, Rameh T, Snowdon J, Bethune G, Rosen KV. Tumor levels of the mediators of ErbB2-driven anoikis resistance correlate with breast cancer relapse in patients receiving trastuzumab-based therapies. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 187:743-758. [PMID: 33728523 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with ErbB2/Her2 oncoprotein-positive breast cancers often receive neoadjuvant therapies (NATs) containing the anti-ErbB2 antibody trastuzumab. Tumors that are still present after NATs are resected, and patients continue receiving trastuzumab. These cancers are associated with high relapse risk. Whether relapse will occur cannot be presently reliably predicted. The ability to make such predictions could improve disease management. We found previously that ErbB2 blocks breast tumor cell anoikis, apoptosis induced by cell detachment from the extracellular matrix, by downregulating the pro-apoptotic protein Irf6 and upregulating the anti-apoptotic protein Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in the cells and, thus, promotes their three-dimensional growth. We now tested whether tumor levels of these proteins before and after NATs correlate with patients' relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS). METHODS We selected archival breast tumor samples collected from 37 women with ErbB2-positive stages II and III breast cancer before and after NATs. We used immunohistochemistry to test whether levels of the indicated proteins in respective tumors correlate with RFS and OS. RESULTS We observed that the presence of high Irf6 levels in the tumors following NATs correlated with reduced RFS and OS. Perhaps not by coincidence, we noticed that trastuzumab-sensitive ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells selected for the ability to overproduce exogenous Irf6 in culture acquired trastuzumab resistance. Finally, EGFR presence in patients' tumors before or after NATs was associated with decreased RFS and OS. CONCLUSIONS This study could help identify patients with ErbB2-positive tumors that are at increased risk of disease relapse following NATs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexi Surette
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Rm 714 Mackenzie Bldg, 5788 University Ave, Halifax, NS, B3H 1V8, Canada
| | - Byong Hoon Yoo
- Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Rm C-304, CRC, 5849 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Tallal Younis
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kara Matheson
- Nova Scotia Health Authority Centre for Clinical Research, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tarek Rameh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Saint John Regional Hospital, Saint John, NB, Canada
| | | | - Gillian Bethune
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Rm 714 Mackenzie Bldg, 5788 University Ave, Halifax, NS, B3H 1V8, Canada.
| | - Kirill V Rosen
- Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Rm C-304, CRC, 5849 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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8
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Drucker A, Yoo BH, Khan IA, Choi D, Montermini L, Liu X, Jovanovic S, Younis T, Rosen KV. Trastuzumab-induced upregulation of a protein set in extracellular vesicles emitted by ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells correlates with their trastuzumab sensitivity. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:105. [PMID: 33023655 PMCID: PMC7541295 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01342-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ErbB2/HER2 oncoprotein often drives breast cancers (BCs) which are treated with the anti-ErbB2 antibody trastuzumab. The efficacy of trastuzumab-based metastatic BC therapies is routinely assessed by imaging studies. Trastuzumab typically becomes ineffective in the case of this disease and is then replaced by other drugs. Biomarkers of BC trastuzumab response could allow imaging studies and the switch to other drugs to occur earlier than is now possible. Moreover, bone-only BC metastases can be hard to measure, and biomarkers of their trastuzumab response could facilitate further treatment decisions. Such biomarkers are presently unavailable. In this study, we searched for proteins whose levels in BC cell-emitted extracellular vesicles (EVs) potentially correlate with BC trastuzumab sensitivity. Methods We isolated EVs from cultured trastuzumab-sensitive and trastuzumab-resistant human BC cells before and after trastuzumab treatment and characterized these EVs by nanoparticle tracking analysis and electron microscopy. We found previously that ErbB2 drives BC by downregulating a pro-apoptotic protein PERP. We now tested whether trastuzumab-induced PERP upregulation in EVs emitted by cultured human BC cells correlates with their trastuzumab sensitivity. We also used mass spectrometry to search for additional proteins whose levels in such EVs reflect BC cell trastuzumab sensitivity. Once we identified proteins whose EV levels correlate with this sensitivity in culture, we explored the feasibility of testing whether their levels in the blood EVs of trastuzumab-treated metastatic BC patients correlate with patients’ response to trastuzumab-based treatments. Results We found that neither trastuzumab nor acquisition of trastuzumab resistance by BC cells affects the size or morphology of EVs emitted by cultured BC cells. We established that EV levels of proteins PERP, GNAS2, GNA13, ITB1, and RAB10 correlate with BC cell trastuzumab response. Moreover, these proteins were upregulated during trastuzumab-based therapies in the blood EVs of a pilot cohort of metastatic BC patients that benefited from these therapies but not in those derived from patients that failed such treatments. Conclusions Upregulation of a protein set in EVs derived from cultured breast tumor cells correlates with tumor cell trastuzumab sensitivity. It is feasible to further evaluate these proteins as biomarkers of metastatic BC trastuzumab response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arik Drucker
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Byong Hoon Yoo
- Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Iman Aftab Khan
- Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Dongsic Choi
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Laura Montermini
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Sanja Jovanovic
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Tallal Younis
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kirill V Rosen
- Departments of Pediatrics & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. .,Atlantic Research Centre, Rm C-304, CRC, 5849 University Avenue, PO Box 15000, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
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Endo H, Owada S, Inagaki Y, Shida Y, Tatemichi M. Metabolic reprogramming sustains cancer cell survival following extracellular matrix detachment. Redox Biol 2020; 36:101643. [PMID: 32863227 PMCID: PMC7371916 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cells require attachment to a support, such as the extracellular matrix, for survival. During cancer progression and metastasis, cancerous epithelial cells must overcome their dependence on adhesion signals. Dependence on glucose metabolism is a hallmark of cancer cells, but the nutrient requirements of cancer cells under anchorage-deficient conditions remain uncharacterized. Here, we report that cancer cells prioritize glutamine-derived tricarboxylic acid cycle energy metabolism over glycolysis to sustain anchorage-independent survival. Moreover, glutamine-dependent metabolic reprogramming is required not only to maintain ATP levels but also to suppress excessive oxidative stress through interaction with cystine. Mechanistically, AMPK, a central regulator of cellular responses to metabolic stress, participates in the induction of the expression of ASCT2, a glutamine transporter, and enhances glutamine consumption. Most interestingly, AMPK activation induces Nrf2 and its target proteins, allowing cancer cells to maintain energy homeostasis and redox status through glutaminolysis. Treatment with an integrin inhibitor was used to mimic the alterations in cell morphology and metabolic reprogramming caused by detachment. Under these conditions, cells were vulnerable to glutamine starvation or glutamine metabolism inhibitors. The observed preference for glutamine over glucose was more pronounced in aggressive cancer cell lines, and treatment with the glutaminase inhibitor, CB839, and cystine transporter inhibitor, sulfasalazine, caused strong cytotoxicity. Our data clearly show that anchorage-independent survival of cancer cells is supported mainly by glutaminolysis via the AMPK-Nrf2 signal axis. The discovery of new vulnerabilities along this route could help slow or prevent cancer progression. AMPK-Nrf2 signaling is crucial in metabolic reprogramming during cancer progression. Cancer metabolism does not preeminently depend on glycolysis. Glutaminolysis mainly supports anchorage-independent cancer cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Endo
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Owada
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Inagaki
- Center for Matrix Biology and Medicine, Department of Innovative Medical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Yukari Shida
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
| | - Masayuki Tatemichi
- Center for Molecular Prevention and Environmental Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, 259-1193, Japan.
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10
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Wang M, Liu J, Zhao Y, He R, Xu X, Guo X, Li X, Xu S, Miao J, Guo J, Zhang H, Gong J, Zhu F, Tian R, Shi C, Peng F, Feng Y, Yu S, Xie Y, Jiang J, Li M, Wei W, He C, Qin R. Upregulation of METTL14 mediates the elevation of PERP mRNA N 6 adenosine methylation promoting the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer 2020; 19:130. [PMID: 32843065 PMCID: PMC7446161 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-020-01249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal human cancers. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), a common eukaryotic mRNA modification, plays critical roles in both physiological and pathological processes. However, its role in pancreatic cancer remains elusive. Methods LC/MS was used to profile m6A levels in pancreatic cancer and normal tissues. Bioinformatics analysis, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blotting were used to identify the role of m6A regulators in pancreatic cancer. The biological effects of methyltransferase-like 14 (METTL14), an mRNA methylase, were investigated using in vitro and in vivo models. MeRIP-Seq and RNA-Seq were used to assess the downstream targets of METTL14. Results We found that the m6A levels were elevated in approximately 70% of the pancreatic cancer samples. Furthermore, we demonstrated that METTL14 is the major enzyme that modulates m6A methylation (frequency and site of methylation). METTL14 overexpression markedly promoted pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and migration both in vitro and in vivo, via direct targeting of the downstream PERP mRNA (p53 effector related to PMP-22) in an m6A-dependent manner. Methylation of the target adenosine lead to increased PERP mRNA turnover, thus decreasing PERP (mRNA and protein) levels in pancreatic cancer cells. Conclusions Our data suggest that the upregulation of METTL14 leads to the decrease of PERP levels via m6A modification, promoting the growth and metastasis of pancreatic cancer; therefore METTL14 is a potential therapeutic target for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ruizhi He
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Xingjun Guo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Simiao Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ji Miao
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jianpin Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Gong
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Rui Tian
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chengjian Shi
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yechen Feng
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Shuo Yu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Hepatic-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Medicine, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
| | - Wenyi Wei
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
| | - Renyi Qin
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jiefang Ave, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Roberts O, Paraoan L. PERP-ing into diverse mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis: Regulation and role of the p53/p63 effector PERP. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2020; 1874:188393. [PMID: 32679166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2020.188393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The tetraspan plasma membrane protein PERP (p53 apoptosis effector related to PMP22) is a lesser-known transcriptional target of p53 and p63. A member of the PMP22/GAS3/EMP membrane protein family, PERP was originally identified as a p53 target specifically trans-activated during apoptosis, but not during cell-cycle arrest. Several studies have since shown downregulation of PERP expression in numerous cancers, suggesting that PERP is a tumour suppressor protein. This review focusses on the important advances made in elucidating the mechanisms regulating PERP expression and its function as a tumour suppressor in diverse human cancers, including breast cancer and squamous cell carcinoma. Investigating PERP's role in clinically-aggressive uveal melanoma has revealed that PERP engages a positive-feedback loop with p53 to regulate its own expression, and that p63 is required beside p53 to achieve pro-apoptotic levels of PERP in this cancer. Furthermore, the recent discovery of the apoptosis-mediating interaction of PERP with SERCA2b at the plasma membrane-endoplasmic reticulum interface demonstrates a novel mechanism of PERP stabilisation, and how PERP can mediate Ca2+ signalling to facilitate apoptosis. The multi-faceted role of PERP in cancer, involving well-documented functions in mediating apoptosis and cell-cell adhesion is discussed, alongside PERP's emerging roles in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and PERP crosstalk with inflammation signalling pathways, and other signalling pathways. The potential for restoring PERP expression as a means of cancer therapy is also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owain Roberts
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Luminita Paraoan
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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12
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Zhai T, Muhanhali D, Jia X, Wu Z, Cai Z, Ling Y. Identification of gene co-expression modules and hub genes associated with lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid cancer. Endocrine 2019; 66:573-584. [PMID: 31332712 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-019-02021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most prevalent histological type among thyroid cancers, and some patients are at a high risk for recurrent disease or even death. Identification for the potential biomarkers of PTC may contribute to early discovery of recurrence and treatment. In The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, we obtained the information of RNA sequence data and clinical characteristics of PTC. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to construct gene co-expression networks and investigate the relationship between modules and clinical traits. Finally, we constructed 16 co-expression modules in 10,428 genes, and three key modules (darkturquoise, lightyellow, and red) associated with tumor N grade were identified. The results of functional annotation indicated that the darkturquoise module was primarily enriched in the regulation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), collagen metabolism, and cell adhesion, the lightyellow module was primarily enriched in the mitochondrial function regulation and energy synthesis, and the red module was primarily enriched in the process of cell junction, apoptosis, and inflammatory response, suggesting their significant role in the progression of PTC. In addition, the hub genes in the three modules were identified and screened for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Relapse-free survival analyses found that 11 genes (KCNQ3, MET, FN1, ITGA3, RUNX1, ITGA2, PERP, GCSH, FAAH, NGFRAP1, and HSPA5) may play a pivotal role in PTC relapse. In general, our research revealed the key co-expression modules and identified several prognostic biomarkers, which provides some new insights into the lymph node metastasis of PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Zhai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Dilidaer Muhanhali
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.1508 Longhang Road, 201500, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Wu
- The Graduate School of Fujian Medical University, 350108, FuZhou, China
| | - Zhenqin Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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13
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Xiang Z, Song S, Zhu Z, Sun W, Gifts JE, Sun S, Li QS, Yu Y, Li KK. LncRNAs GIHCG and SPINT1-AS1 Are Crucial Factors for Pan-Cancer Cells Sensitivity to Lapatinib. Front Genet 2019; 10:25. [PMID: 30842786 PMCID: PMC6391897 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lapatinib is a small molecule inhibitor of EGFR (HER1) and ERBB2 (HER2) receptors, which is used for treatment of advanced or metastatic breast cancer. To find the drug resistance mechanisms of treatment for EGFR/ERBB2 positive tumors, we analyzed the possible effects of lncRNAs. In this study, using CCLE (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia) database, we explored the relationship between the lncRNAs and Lapatinib sensitivity/resistance, and then validated those findings through in vitro experiments. We found that the expression of EGFR/ERBB2 and activation of ERBB pathway was significantly related to Lapatinib sensitivity. GO (Gene Oncology) analysis of top 10 pathways showed that the sensitivity of Lapatinib was positively correlated with cell keratin, epithelial differentiation, and cell-cell junction, while negatively correlated with signatures of extracellular matrix. Forty-four differentially expressed lncRNAs were found between the Lapatinib sensitive and resistant groups (fold-change > 1.5, P < 0.01). Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) was performed based on 44 lncRNAs and genes in the top 10 pathways. Five lncRNAs were identified as hub molecules. Co-expression network was constructed by more than five lncRNAs and 199 genes in the top 10 pathways, and three lncRNAs (GIHCG, SPINT1-AS1, and MAGI2-AS3) and 47 genes were identified as close-related molecules. The three lncRNAs in epithelium-derived cancers were differentially expressed between sensitive and resistant groups, but no significance was found in non-epithelium-derived cancer cells. Correlation analysis showed that SPINT1-AS1 (R = −0.715, P < 0.001) and GIHCG (R = 0.557, P = 0.013) were correlated with the IC50 of epithelium-derived cancer cells. In further experiments, GIHCG knockdown enhanced cancer cell susceptibility to Lapatinib, while high level of SPINT1-AS1 was a sensitive biomarker of NCI-N87 and MCF7 cancer cells to Lapatinib. In conclusions, lncRNAs GIHCG and SPINT1-AS1 were involved in regulating Lapatinib sensitivity. Up-regulation of GIHCG was a drug-resistant biomarker, while up-regulation of SPINT1-AS1 was a sensitive indicator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xiang
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuzheng Song
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhong Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured Materials, Research Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physical Science Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jaron E Gifts
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Processing for Non-ferrous Metal and Featured Materials, Research Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, School of Physical Science Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Sam Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Qiushi Shauna Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Yingyan Yu
- Department of Surgery of Ruijin Hospital, and Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Keqin Kathy Li
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Diagnostics and Therapeutics, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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ErbB2-driven downregulation of the transcription factor Irf6 in breast epithelial cells is required for their 3D growth. Breast Cancer Res 2018; 20:151. [PMID: 30545388 PMCID: PMC6293553 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-018-1080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ability of solid tumor cells to resist anoikis, apoptosis triggered by cell detachment from the extracellular matrix (ECM), is thought to be critical for 3D tumor growth. ErbB2/Her2 oncoprotein is often overproduced by breast tumor cells and blocks their anoikis by partially understood mechanisms. In our effort to understand them better, we observed that detachment of nonmalignant human breast epithelial cells from the ECM upregulates the transcription factor Irf6. Irf6 is thought to play an important role in mammary gland homeostasis and causes apoptosis by unknown mechanisms. We noticed that ErbB2, when overproduced by detached breast epithelial cells, downregulates Irf6. Methods To test whether ErbB2 downregulates Irf6 in human ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells, we examined the effect of ErbB2 inhibitors, such as the anti-ErbB2 antibody trastuzumab or the ErbB2/epidermal growth factor receptor small-molecule inhibitor lapatinib, on Irf6 in these cells. Moreover, we performed Irf6 IHC analysis of tumor samples derived from the locally advanced ErbB2-positive breast cancers before and after neoadjuvant trastuzumab-based therapies. To examine the role of Irf6 in anoikis of nonmalignant and ErbB2-overproducing breast epithelial cells, we studied anoikis after knocking down Irf6 in the former cells by RNA interference and after overproducing Irf6 in the latter cells. To examine the mechanisms by which cell detachment and ErbB2 control Irf6 expression in breast epithelial cells, we tested the effects of genetic and pharmacological inhibitors of the known ErbB2-dependent signaling pathways on Irf6 in these cells. Results We observed that trastuzumab and lapatinib upregulate Irf6 in ErbB2-positive human breast tumor cells and that neoadjuvant trastuzumab-based therapies tend to upregulate Irf6 in human breast tumors. We found that detachment-induced Irf6 upregulation in nonmalignant breast epithelial cells requires the presence of the transcription factor ∆Np63α and that Irf6 mediates their anoikis. We showed that ErbB2 blocks Irf6 upregulation in ErbB2-overproducing cells by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinases that inhibit ∆Np63α-dependent signals required for Irf6 upregulation. Finally, we demonstrated that ErbB2-driven Irf6 downregulation in ErbB2-overproducing breast epithelial cells blocks their anoikis and promotes their anchorage-independent growth. Conclusions We have demonstrated that ErbB2 blocks anoikis of breast epithelial cells by downregulating Irf6. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-018-1080-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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15
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Khan S, Zafar N, Khan SS, Setua S, Behrman SW, Stiles ZE, Yallapu MM, Sahay P, Ghimire H, Ise T, Nagata S, Wang L, Wan JY, Pradhan P, Jaggi M, Chauhan SC. Clinical significance of MUC13 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. HPB (Oxford) 2018; 20:563-572. [PMID: 29352660 PMCID: PMC5995635 DOI: 10.1016/j.hpb.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is associated with lack of an effective early diagnostic biomarker. This study elucidates significance of MUC13, as a diagnostic/prognostic marker of PanCa. METHODS MUC13 was assessed in tissues using our in-house generated anti-MUC13 mouse monoclonal antibody and analyzed for clinical correlation by immunohistochemistry, immunoblotting, RT-PCR, computational and submicron scale mass-density fluctuation analyses, ROC and Kaplan Meir curve analyses. RESULTS MUC13 expression was detected in 100% pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions (Mean composite score: MCS = 5.8; AUC >0.8, P < 0.0001), 94.6% of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) samples (MCS = 9.7, P < 0.0001) as compared to low expression in tumor adjacent tissues (MCS = 4, P < 0.001) along with faint or no expression in normal pancreatic tissues (MCS = 0.8; AUC >0.8; P < 0.0001). Nuclear MUC13 expression positively correlated with nodal metastasis (P < 0.05), invasion of cancer to peripheral tissues (P < 0.5) and poor patient survival (P < 0.05; prognostic AUC = 0.9). Submicron scale mass density and artificial intelligence based algorithm analyses also elucidated association of MUC13 with greater morphological disorder (P < 0.001) and nuclear MUC13 as strong predictor for cancer aggressiveness and poor patient survival. CONCLUSION This study provides significant information regarding MUC13 expression/subcellular localization in PanCa samples and supporting the use anti-MUC13 MAb for the development of PanCa diagnostic/prognostic test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheema Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nadeem Zafar
- Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Shabia S. Khan
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Saini Setua
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephen W. Behrman
- Department of Surgery, Baptist Memorial Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Zachary E Stiles
- Department of Surgery, Baptist Memorial Hospital and the University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Murali M. Yallapu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peeyush Sahay
- Department of Physics, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hemendra Ghimire
- Department of Physics, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Tomoko Ise
- Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nagata
- Center for Drug Design Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki-City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jim Y. Wan
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Prabhakar Pradhan
- Department of Physics, University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Meena Jaggi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Subhash C. Chauhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA,Corresponding Authors: Subhash C. Chauhan, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 19 South Manassas, Cancer Research Building, Memphis, TN, 38163. Phone: (901) 448-2175. Fax: (901) 448-1051.
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Yoo BH, Khan IA, Koomson A, Gowda P, Sasazuki T, Shirasawa S, Gujar S, Rosen KV. Oncogenic RAS-induced downregulation of ATG12 is required for survival of malignant intestinal epithelial cells. Autophagy 2017; 14:134-151. [PMID: 28933585 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2017.1370171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Activating mutations of RAS GTPase contribute to the progression of many cancers, including colorectal carcinoma. So far, attempts to develop treatments of mutant RAS-carrying cancers have been unsuccessful due to insufficient understanding of the salient mechanisms of RAS signaling. We found that RAS downregulates the protein ATG12 in colon cancer cells. ATG12 is a mediator of autophagy, a process of degradation and reutilization of cellular components. In addition, ATG12 can kill cells via autophagy-independent mechanisms. We established that RAS reduces ATG12 levels in cancer cells by accelerating its proteasomal degradation. We further observed that RAS-dependent ATG12 loss in these cells is mediated by protein kinases MAP2K/MEK and MAPK1/ERK2-MAPK3/ERK1, known effectors of RAS. We also demonstrated that the reversal of the effect of RAS on ATG12 achieved by the expression of exogenous ATG12 in cancer cells triggers both apoptotic and nonapoptotic signals and efficiently kills the cells. ATG12 is known to promote autophagy by forming covalent complexes with other autophagy mediators, such as ATG5. We found that the ability of ATG12 to kill oncogenic RAS-carrying malignant cells does not require covalent binding of ATG12 to other proteins. In summary, we have identified a novel mechanism by which oncogenic RAS promotes survival of malignant intestinal epithelial cells. This mechanism is driven by RAS-dependent loss of ATG12 in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byong Hoon Yoo
- a Departments of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University , Halifax , NS , Canada
| | - Iman Aftab Khan
- a Departments of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University , Halifax , NS , Canada
| | - Ananda Koomson
- a Departments of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University , Halifax , NS , Canada
| | - Pramod Gowda
- a Departments of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University , Halifax , NS , Canada
| | | | - Senji Shirasawa
- c Department of Cell Biology , Faculty of Medicine, and Center for Advanced Molecular Medicine, Fukuoka University , Fukuoka , Japan
| | - Shashi Gujar
- d Department of Microbiology and Immunology , Dalhousie University , Halifax , NS , Canada
| | - Kirill V. Rosen
- a Departments of Pediatrics and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University , Halifax , NS , Canada
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Khan IA, Yoo BH, Rak J, Rosen KV. Mek activity is required for ErbB2 expression in breast cancer cells detached from the extracellular matrix. Oncotarget 2017; 8:105383-105396. [PMID: 29285258 PMCID: PMC5739645 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Detachment of non-malignant epithelial cells from the extracellullar matrix (ECM) triggers their growth arrest and apoptosis. Conversely, carcinoma cells can grow without adhesion to the ECM. This capacity for anchorage-independent growth is thought to be critical for tumor progression. ErbB2/Her2 oncoprotein is overproduced by a significant fraction of breast cancers and promotes anchorage-independent tumor cell growth by poorly understood mechanisms. In an effort to understand them we found that in order to produce ErbB2, detached breast cancer cells require the activity of an ErbB2 effector protein kinase Mek and that Mek-driven ErbB2 expression is neccesary for anchorage-independent growth of such cells. We observed that Mek inhibition does not alter ErbB2 mRNA levels in detached cancer cells and that ErbB2 protein loss induced by this inhibition can be blocked by a lysosomal inhibitor. We also noticed that an increase of the density of cancer cells detached from the ECM downregulates a Mek effector protein kinase Erk and causes ErbB2 loss. Those cells that survive after ErbB2 loss display resistance to trastuzumab, an anti-ErbB2 antibody used for ErbB2-positive breast cancer treatment. Thus, Mek-induced ErbB2 stabilization in detached breast cancer cells is critical for their ability to grow anchorage-independently and their trastuzumab sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman A Khan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Byong H Yoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kirill V Rosen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Baldassarre T, Truesdell P, Craig AW. Endophilin A2 promotes HER2 internalization and sensitivity to trastuzumab-based therapy in HER2-positive breast cancers. Breast Cancer Res 2017; 19:110. [PMID: 28974266 PMCID: PMC5627411 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-017-0900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is amplified and a clinical target in a subset of human breast cancers with high rates of metastasis. Targeted therapies involving the antibody trastuzumab and trastuzumab-emtansine (T-DM1) have greatly improved outcomes for HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer patients. However, resistance to these targeted therapies can develop and limit their efficacy. Here, we test the involvement of the endocytic adaptor protein endophilin A2 (Endo II) in HER2+ breast cancer models, and their responses to treatments with trastuzumab and T-DM1. Methods Endo II expression in human breast tumors and lymph node metastases were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Stable silencing of Endo II was achieved in HER2+ cancer cell lines (SK-BR-3 and HCC1954) to test Endo II effects on HER2 levels, localization and signaling, cell motility and tumor metastasis. The effects of Endo II silencing on the responses of HER2+ cancer cells to trastuzumab or T-DM1 treatments were tested using real-time cell motility and cytotoxicity assays. Results High Endo II protein expression was detected in HER2-positive tumors, and was linked to worse overall survival in node-positive HER2+ breast cancers at the mRNA level. Stable silencing of Endo II in HER2+ cell lines led to elevated levels of HER2 on the cell surface, impaired epidermal growth factor-induced HER2 internalization, and reduced signaling to downstream effector kinases Akt and Erk. Endo II silencing also led to decreased migration and invasion of HER2+ cancer cells in vitro, and impaired lung seeding following tail vein injection in mice. In addition, Endo II silencing also impaired HER2 internalization in response to Trastuzumab, and led to reduced cytotoxicity response in HER2+ cancer cells treated with T-DM1. Conclusions Our study provides novel evidence of Endo II function in HER2+ cancer cell motility and trafficking of HER2 that relates to effective treatments with trastuzumab or T-DM1. Thus, differential expression of Endo II may relate to sensitivity or resistance to trastuzumab-based therapies for HER2+ cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13058-017-0900-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Baldassarre
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Cancer Biology & Genetics Division, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Truesdell
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Cancer Biology & Genetics Division, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew W Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. .,Cancer Biology & Genetics Division, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
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Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, Mills TS, Zhang Y, Xu M, Lillehei KO, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK, Wierman ME. Elucidating the Role of the Desmosome Protein p53 Apoptosis Effector Related to PMP-22 in Growth Hormone Tumors. Endocrinology 2017; 158:1450-1460. [PMID: 28323918 PMCID: PMC5460826 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Densely granulated and sparsely granulated (SG) growth hormone (GH) pituitary adenomas differ in biological behavior, which may be correlated with their known differences in cytoplasmic keratin distribution and E-cadherin expression. We wanted to explore candidate genes that might further explain this behavior. Exon expression microarray was performed on 21 GH tumors (10 SG and 11 densely granulated) and 20 normal control pituitaries from autopsy. Bioinformatic analyses confirmed a differential molecular signature between normal pituitary and GH tumors as well as between the GH tumor subtypes. There was a consistent downregulation of transcripts involved in the structure and function of the desmosome, including desmoplakin (eightfold), desmoglein 2 (sixfold), plakophilin 2 (sevenfold), and p53 apoptosis effector related to PMP-22 (PERP; sixfold) in SG tumors compared with normal pituitary. PERP is lost in more aggressive SG human GH pituitary tumors. PERP re-expression in GH3 rat GH tumor cells resulted in decreased colony formation compared with vector transfectants, confirming the role of PERP as a tumor suppressor with no effects on proliferation. Increased PERP expression was associated with loss of a survival advantage in a hypoxic environment, as assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (P < 0.05) and cleaved caspase-3 (P < 0.05). Downregulation of desmosomal formation transcripts including PERP may contribute to the aggressive phenotype seen in SG GH pituitary tumors and their behavior in response to surgery and medical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado 80220
| | - Taylor S. Mills
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Yu Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Mei Xu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Kevin O. Lillehei
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - B. K. Kleinschmidt-DeMasters
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Margaret E. Wierman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado 80045
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado 80220
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