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Li Y, Fujishita T, Mishiro‐Sato E, Kojima Y, Niu Y, Taketo MM, Urano Y, Sakai T, Enomoto A, Nishida Y, Aoki M. TGF-β signaling promotes desmoid tumor formation via CSRP2 upregulation. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:401-411. [PMID: 38041233 PMCID: PMC10859603 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Desmoid tumors (DTs), also called desmoid-type fibromatoses, are locally aggressive tumors of mesenchymal origin. In the present study, we developed a novel mouse model of DTs by inducing a local mutation in the Ctnnb1 gene, encoding β-catenin in PDGFRA-positive stromal cells, by subcutaneous injection of 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen. Tumors in this model resembled histologically clinical samples from DT patients and showed strong phosphorylation of nuclear SMAD2. Knockout of SMAD4 in the model significantly suppressed tumor growth. Proteomic analysis revealed that SMAD4 knockout reduced the level of Cysteine-and-Glycine-Rich Protein 2 (CSRP2) in DTs, and treatment of DT-derived cells with a TGF-β receptor inhibitor reduced CSRP2 RNA levels. Knockdown of CSRP2 in DT cells significantly suppressed their proliferation. These results indicate that the TGF-β/CSRP2 axis is a potential therapeutic target for DTs downstream of TGF-β signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Li
- Division of PathophysiologyAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
- Department of Plastic Reconstructive SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Teruaki Fujishita
- Division of PathophysiologyAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
| | - Emi Mishiro‐Sato
- Division of PathophysiologyAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
- Molecular Structure CenterInstitute of Transformative Bio‐Molecules (WPI‐ITbM), Nagoya UniversityNagoyaJapan
| | - Yasushi Kojima
- Division of PathophysiologyAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
| | - Yanqing Niu
- Division of PathophysiologyAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Colon Cancer ProjectKyoto University Hospital‐iACT, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Yuya Urano
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Tomohisa Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | - Atsushi Enomoto
- Department of PathologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
| | | | - Masahiro Aoki
- Division of PathophysiologyAichi Cancer Center Research InstituteNagoyaJapan
- Department of Cancer PhysiologyNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineNagoyaJapan
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2
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Fujishita T, Kojima Y, Kajino-Sakamoto R, Mishiro-Sato E, Shimizu Y, Hosoda W, Yamaguchi R, Taketo MM, Aoki M. The cAMP/PKA/CREB and TGFβ/SMAD4 Pathways Regulate Stemness and Metastatic Potential in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Cancer Res 2022; 82:4179-4190. [PMID: 36066360 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-22-1369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE This study identifies signaling pathways essential for maintaining the stemness and metastatic potential of colorectal cancer cells and proposes CREB as a therapeutic target in metastatic colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruaki Fujishita
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kojima
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rie Kajino-Sakamoto
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Emi Mishiro-Sato
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Waki Hosoda
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, Aichi Cancer Center Hospital, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Rui Yamaguchi
- Division of Cancer Systems Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Cancer Informatics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Colon Cancer Project, Kyoto University Hospital-iACT, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masahiro Aoki
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.,Department of Cancer Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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3
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Treating non-small cell lung cancer by targeting the PI3K signaling pathway. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1272-1284. [PMID: 35830272 PMCID: PMC9433080 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The phosphosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is one of the most important intracellular signal transduction pathways affecting cell functions, such as apoptosis, translation, metabolism, and angiogenesis. Lung cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality rates in the world. It can be divided into two groups, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC accounts for >85% of all lung cancers. There are currently many clinical treatment options for NSCLC; however, traditional methods such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy have not been able to provide patients with good survival benefits. The emergence of molecular target therapy has improved the survival and prognosis of patients with NSCLC. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of studies on NSCLC and PI3K signaling pathways. Inhibitors of various parts of the PI3K pathway have appeared in various phases of clinical trials with NSCLC as an indication. This article focuses on the role of the PI3K signaling pathway in the occurrence and development of NSCLC and summarizes the current clinical research progress and possible development strategies.
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4
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Huang R, Dai Q, Yang R, Duan Y, Zhao Q, Haybaeck J, Yang Z. A Review: PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway and Its Regulated Eukaryotic Translation Initiation Factors May Be a Potential Therapeutic Target in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:817916. [PMID: 35574327 PMCID: PMC9096244 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.817916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a malignant tumor developing from the esophageal squamous epithelium, and is the most common histological subtype of esophageal cancer (EC). EC ranks 10th in morbidity and sixth in mortality worldwide. The morbidity and mortality rates in China are both higher than the world average. Current treatments of ESCC are surgical treatment, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy plus surgical resection is recommended for advanced patients. However, it does not work in the significant promotion of overall survival (OS) after such therapy. Research on targeted therapy in ESCC mainly focus on EGFR and PD-1, but neither of the targeted drugs can significantly improve the 3-year and 5-year survival rates of disease. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is an important survival pathway in tumor cells, associated with its aggressive growth and malignant progression. Specifically, proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and so on. Related genetic alterations of this pathway have been investigated in ESCC, such as PI3K, AKT and mTOR-rpS6K. Therefore, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway seems to have the capability to serve as research hotspot in the future. Currently, various inhibitors are being tested in cells, animals, and clinical trials, which targeting at different parts of this pathway. In this work, we reviewed the research progress on the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway how to influence biological behaviors in ESCC, and discussed the interaction between signals downstream of this pathway, especially eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) and the development and progression of ESCC, to provide reference for the identification of new therapeutic targets in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qiong Dai
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ruixue Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Diagnostic & Research Center for Molecular BioMedicine, Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Zhihui Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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5
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Huan J, Grivas P, Birch J, Hansel DE. Emerging Roles for Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Complexes in Bladder Cancer Progression and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1555. [PMID: 35326708 PMCID: PMC8946148 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway regulates important cellular functions. Aberrant activation of this pathway, either through upstream activation by growth factors, loss of inhibitory controls, or molecular alterations, can enhance cancer growth and progression. Bladder cancer shows high levels of mTOR activity in approximately 70% of urothelial carcinomas, suggesting a key role for this pathway in this cancer. mTOR signaling initiates through upstream activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase B (AKT) and results in activation of either mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) or mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). While these complexes share several key protein components, unique differences in their complex composition dramatically alter the function and downstream cellular targets of mTOR activity. While significant work has gone into analysis of molecular alterations of the mTOR pathway in bladder cancer, this has not yielded significant benefit in mTOR-targeted therapy approaches in urothelial carcinoma to date. New discoveries regarding signaling convergence onto mTOR complexes in bladder cancer could yield unique insights the biology and targeting of this aggressive disease. In this review, we highlight the functional significance of mTOR signaling in urothelial carcinoma and its potential impact on future therapy implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianya Huan
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (J.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Petros Grivas
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Jasmine Birch
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (J.H.); (J.B.)
| | - Donna E. Hansel
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; (J.H.); (J.B.)
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6
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A novel mTOR-associated gene signature for predicting prognosis and evaluating tumor immune microenvironment in lung adenocarcinoma. Comput Biol Med 2022; 145:105394. [PMID: 35325730 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) was proven to have great impact on apoptosis, cell proliferation, autophagy, and many other fundamental cellular processes; moreover, it closely correlates with tumor occurrence and development. However, few studies have constructed signatures based on mTOR-associated genes to assess multiple indicators of prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. METHODS mTOR-associated gene sets, whole mRNA expression matrices, and clinical information of LUAD patients in training and validation cohorts were obtained from multiple public databases. Multiple methods were used to screen candidate genes, construct signatures, validate internally and externally, and conduct further studies: differentially expressed gene analysis, LASSO Cox regression analysis, Cox regression analysis, risk factor analysis, nomogram analysis, functional enrichment analysis, analyses in tumor immune microenvironment, and therapy. RESULTS A prognostic signature containing 8 genes (LDHA, SLA, WNT7A, PLK1, CCT6A, BTG2, TXNRD1, and DDIT4) was constructed. It performed well in both internal and external validation. Subsequent analysis found that the prognostic signature was of great significance in evaluating the tumor immune microenvironment and could guide the treatment of patients with LUAD to a certain extent. CONCLUSION The constructed mTOR-associated gene signature accurately predicted the prognostic pattern of patients with LUAD and is expected to be extremely useful in guiding LUAD therapy.
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7
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Sun Q, Wu J, Zhu G, Li T, Zhu X, Ni B, Xu B, Ma X, Li J. Lactate-related metabolic reprogramming and immune regulation in colorectal cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1089918. [PMID: 36778600 PMCID: PMC9909490 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1089918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in cellular metabolism involving fuel sources are well-known mechanisms of cancer cell differentiation in the context of carcinogenesis. Metabolic reprogramming is regulated by oncogenic signaling and transcriptional networks and has been identified as an essential component of malignant transformation. Hypoxic and acidified tumor microenvironment contributes mainly to the production of glycolytic products known as lactate. Mounting evidence suggests that lactate in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer(CRC) contributes to cancer therapeutic resistance and metastasis. The contents related to the regulatory effects of lactate on metabolism, immune response, and intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment of CRC are also constantly updated. Here we summarize the latest studies about the pleiotropic effects of lactate in CRC and the clinical value of targeting lactate metabolism as treatment. Different effects of lactate on various immune cell types, microenvironment characteristics, and pathophysiological processes have also emerged. Potential specific therapeutic targeting of CRC lactate metabolism is also discussed. With increased knowledge, effective druggable targets might be identified, with the aim of improving treatment outcomes by reducing chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhui Sun
- Oncology Department, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Wu
- Oncology Department, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- Oncology Department, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Oncology Department, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyi Ni
- Oncology Department, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Xu
- Oncology Department, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate College, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyi Ma
- Oncology Department, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Li
- Oncology Department, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Li,
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8
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Sun CY, Li YZ, Cao D, Zhou YF, Zhang MY, Wang HY. Rapamycin and trametinib: a rational combination for treatment of NSCLC. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:3211-3223. [PMID: 34421360 PMCID: PMC8375233 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.62752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is one of the most commonly activated pathways in human cancers, including lung cancer. Targeting mTOR with molecule inhibitors is considered as a useful therapeutic strategy. However, the results obtained from the clinical trials with the inhibitors so far have not met the original expectations, largely because of the drug resistance. Thus, combined or multiple drug therapy can bring about more favorable clinical outcomes. Here, we found that activation of ERK pathway was responsible for rapamycin drug resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Accordingly, rapamycin-resistant NSCLC cells were more sensitive to ERK inhibitor (ERKi), trametinib, and in turn, trametinib-resistant NSCLC cells were also susceptible to rapamycin. Combining rapamycin with trametinib led to a potent synergistic antitumor efficacy, which induced G1-phase cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, rapamycin synergized with another ERKi, MEK162, and in turn, trametinib synergized with other mTORi, Torin1 and OSI-027. Mechanistically, rapamycin in combination with trametinib resulted in a greater decrease of phosphorylation of AKT, ERK, mTOR and 4EBP1. In xenograft mouse model, co-administration of rapamycin and trametinib caused a substantial suppression in tumor growth without obvious drug toxicity. Overall, our study identifies a reasonable combined strategy for treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, China 510060
| | - Yi-Zhuo Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, China 510060
| | - Di Cao
- Department of Medical Imaging, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, China 510060
| | - Yu-Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, China 510060
| | - Mei-Yin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, China 510060
| | - Hui-Yun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, China 510060
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9
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Yu L, Wei J, Liu P. Attacking the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway for targeted therapeutic treatment in human cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 85:69-94. [PMID: 34175443 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of human death globally. PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is one of the most frequently dysregulated signaling pathways observed in cancer patients that plays crucial roles in promoting tumor initiation, progression and therapy responses. This is largely due to that PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling is indispensable for many cellular biological processes, including cell growth, metastasis, survival, metabolism, and others. As such, small molecule inhibitors targeting major kinase components of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway have drawn extensive attention and been developed and evaluated in preclinical models and clinical trials. Targeting a single kinase component within this signaling usually causes growth arrest rather than apoptosis associated with toxicity-induced adverse effects in patients. Combination therapies including PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors show improved patient response and clinical outcome, albeit developed resistance has been reported. In this review, we focus on revealing the mechanisms leading to the hyperactivation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling in cancer and summarizing efforts for developing PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibitors as either mono-therapy or combination therapy in different cancer settings. We hope that this review will facilitate further understanding of the regulatory mechanisms governing dysregulation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR oncogenic signaling in cancer and provide insights into possible future directions for targeted therapeutic regimen for cancer treatment, by developing new agents, drug delivery systems, or combination regimen to target the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. This information will also provide effective patient stratification strategy to improve the patient response and clinical outcome for cancer patients with deregulated PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Yu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Pengda Liu
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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10
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Shi X, Zhang Y, Xie X, Pang M, Laster K, Li J, Ma X, Liu K, Dong Z, Kim DJ. Ipriflavone Suppresses Growth of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Inhibiting mTOR In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Oncol 2021; 11:648809. [PMID: 34178634 PMCID: PMC8222593 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.648809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ipriflavone, a synthetic isoflavone that inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption, has been used clinically for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, the anticancer activity of Ipriflavone and its molecular mechanisms in the context of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) have not been investigated. In this study, we report that Ipriflavone is a novel mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor that suppresses cell proliferation and induces cell apoptosis in ESCC cells. Ipriflavone inhibited anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of ESCC cells. Ipriflavone induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest and intrinsic cell apoptosis by activating caspase 3 and increasing the expression of cytochrome c. Based on the results of in vitro screening and cell-based assays, Ipriflavone inhibited mTOR signaling pathway through directly targeting mTOR. Knockdown of mTOR strongly inhibited the growth of ESCC cells, and the cell growth inhibitory effect exerted by Ipriflavone was found to be dependent upon mTOR signaling pathway. Remarkably, Ipriflavone strongly inhibited ESCC patient-derived xenograft tumor growth in an in vivo mouse model. Our findings suggest that Ipriflavone is an mTOR inhibitor that could be potentially useful for treating ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Shi
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Xie
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mengjun Pang
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kyle Laster
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Li
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinli Ma
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,International Joint Research Center of Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zigang Dong
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China.,International Joint Research Center of Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Joon Kim
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Cancer Chemoprevention, Zhengzhou, China
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11
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Kajino-Sakamoto R, Fujishita T, Taketo MM, Aoki M. Synthetic lethality between MyD88 loss and mutations in Wnt/β-catenin pathway in intestinal tumor epithelial cells. Oncogene 2020; 40:408-420. [PMID: 33177648 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01541-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although the Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays a central role in the carcinogenesis and maintenance of colorectal cancer (CRC), attempts to target the pathway itself have not been very successful. MyD88, an adaptor protein of the TLR/IL-1β signaling, has been implicated in the integrity of the intestines as well as in their tumorigenesis. In this study, we aimed to clarify the mechanisms by which epithelial MyD88 contributes to intestinal tumor formation and to address whether MyD88 can be a therapeutic target of CRC. Conditional knockout of MyD88 in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) reduced tumor formation in Apc+/Δ716 mice, accompanied by decreased proliferation and enhanced apoptosis of tumor epithelial cells. Mechanistically, the MyD88 loss caused inactivation of the JNK-mTORC1, NF-κB, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in tumor cells. Induction of MyD88 knockout in the intestinal tumor-derived organoids, but not in the normal IEC-derived organoids, induced apoptosis and reduced their growth. Treatment with the MyD88 inhibitor ST2825 also suppressed the growth of the intestinal tumor-derived organoids. Knockdown of MYD88 in human CRC cell lines with mutations in APC or CTNNB1 induced apoptosis and reduced their proliferation as well. These results indicate that MyD88 loss is synthetic lethal with mutational activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in intestinal tumor epithelial cells. Inhibition of MyD88 signaling can thus be a novel therapeutic strategy for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) as well as for colorectal cancer harboring mutations in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kajino-Sakamoto
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Teruaki Fujishita
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan
| | - Makoto Mark Taketo
- Division of Experimental Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoé-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Aoki
- Division of Pathophysiology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, 1-1 Kanokoden, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8681, Japan. .,Department of Cancer Physiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8550, Japan.
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12
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He B, Zhao Z, Cai Q, Zhang Y, Zhang P, Shi S, Xie H, Peng X, Yin W, Tao Y, Wang X. miRNA-based biomarkers, therapies, and resistance in Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:2628-2647. [PMID: 32792861 PMCID: PMC7415433 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.47203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) of about 22 nucleotides in size, play important roles in gene regulation, and their dysregulation is implicated in human diseases including cancer. A variety of miRNAs could take roles in the cancer progression, participate in the process of tumor immune, and function with miRNA sponges. During the last two decades, the connection between miRNAs and various cancers has been widely researched. Based on evidence about miRNA, numerous potential cancer biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis have been put forward, providing a new perspective on cancer screening. Besides, there are several miRNA-based therapies among different cancers being conducted, advanced treatments such as the combination of synergistic strategies and the use of complementary miRNAs provide significant clinical benefits to cancer patients potentially. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that many miRNAs are engaged in the resistance of cancer therapies with their complex underlying regulatory mechanisms, whose comprehensive cognition can help clinicians and improve patient prognosis. With the belief that studies about miRNAs in human cancer would have great clinical implications, we attempt to summarize the current situation and potential development prospects in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxue He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Qidong Cai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Shuai Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Xiong Peng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Wei Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410078 China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078 China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Early Diagnosis and Precision Therapy, Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, China
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13
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Klarenbeek S, Doornebal CW, Kas SM, Bonzanni N, Bhin J, Braumuller TM, van der Heijden I, Opdam M, Schouten PC, Kersten K, de Bruijn R, Zingg D, Yemelyanenko J, Wessels LFA, de Visser KE, Jonkers J. Response of metastatic mouse invasive lobular carcinoma to mTOR inhibition is partly mediated by the adaptive immune system. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1724049. [PMID: 32117586 PMCID: PMC7028325 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1724049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective treatment of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) of the breast is hampered by late detection, invasive growth, distant metastasis, and poor response to chemotherapy. Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling, one of the major druggable oncogenic signaling networks, is frequently activated in ILC. We investigated treatment response and resistance to AZD8055, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), in the K14-cre;Cdh1Flox/Flox;Trp53Flox/Flox (KEP) mouse model of metastatic ILC. Inhibition of mTOR signaling blocked the growth of primary KEP tumors as well as the progression of metastatic disease. However, primary tumors and distant metastases eventually acquired resistance after long-term AZD8055 treatment, despite continued effective suppression of mTOR signaling in cancer cells. Interestingly, therapeutic responses were associated with increased expression of genes related to antigen presentation. Consistent with this observation, increased numbers of tumor-infiltrating major histocompatibility complex class II-positive (MHCII+) immune cells were observed in treatment-responsive KEP tumors. Acquisition of treatment resistance was associated with loss of MHCII+ cells and reduced expression of genes related to the adaptive immune system. The therapeutic efficacy of mTOR inhibition was reduced in Rag1−/- mice lacking mature T and B lymphocytes, compared to immunocompetent mice. Furthermore, therapy responsiveness could be partially rescued by transplanting AZD8055-resistant KEP tumors into treatment-naïve immunocompetent hosts. Collectively, these data indicate that the PI3K signaling pathway is an attractive therapeutic target in invasive lobular carcinoma, and that part of the therapeutic effect of mTOR inhibition is mediated by the adaptive immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoerd Klarenbeek
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Experimental Animal Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris W Doornebal
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sjors M Kas
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nicola Bonzanni
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,ENPICOM, 's-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
| | - Jinhyuk Bhin
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanya M Braumuller
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid van der Heijden
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Opdam
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Philip C Schouten
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kelly Kersten
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roebi de Bruijn
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Zingg
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Julia Yemelyanenko
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lodewyk F A Wessels
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of EEMCS, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Karin E de Visser
- Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Division of Tumor Biology & Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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14
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Wang T, Zhang WS, Wang ZX, Wu ZW, Du BB, Li LY, Chen YF, Yang XF, Hao XY, Guo TK. RAPTOR promotes colorectal cancer proliferation by inducing mTORC1 and upregulating ribosome assembly factor URB1. Cancer Med 2019; 9:1529-1543. [PMID: 31886628 PMCID: PMC7013072 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is evolutionally conserved and frequently activated in various tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC). It has been reported that the ribosome assembly factor Urb1 acts downstream of mTORC1/raptor signaling and contributes to digestive organ development in zebrafish. Previously, we highlighted that URB1 was overexpressed in CRC. Here, we assessed the mTORC1/regulatory associated protein with mTOR (RAPTOR)-URB1 axis in CRC tumorigenesis. We found that RAPTOR was overexpressed in CRC tissues and cell lines, was a favorable predictor in patients with CRC, and positively correlated with URB1. Silencing of RAPTOR suppressed CRC cell proliferation and migration and induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro and inhibited xenograft growth in vivo. Moreover, ectopic overexpression of RAPTOR exerted an inverse biological phenotype. Knockdown of RAPTOR quenched mTORC1 activity and reduced the expression of URB1 and cyclinA2 (CCNA2). In contrast, overexpression of RAPTOR activated mTORC1 and upregulated URB1 and CCNA2. Furthermore, URB1 and CCNA2 expression were also impeded by rapamycin, which is a specific inhibitor of mTORC1. Thus, RAPTOR promoted CRC proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression by inducing mTORC1 signaling and transcriptional activation of both URB1 and CCNA2. Taken together, we concluded that RAPTOR has the potential to serve as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wei-Sheng Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Xia Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wu
- The School of Preclinical Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin-Bin Du
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lai-Yuan Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yi-Feng Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiong-Fei Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Yong Hao
- Department of General surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tian-Kang Guo
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Department of General surgery, Gansu Provincial People's Hospital, Lanzhou, China
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15
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Wang R, Li S, Cheng L, Wong MH, Leung KS. Predicting associations among drugs, targets and diseases by tensor decomposition for drug repositioning. BMC Bioinformatics 2019; 20:628. [PMID: 31839008 PMCID: PMC6912989 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-019-3283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of new drugs is a time-consuming and costly process, and the cost is still increasing in recent years. However, the number of drugs approved by FDA every year per dollar spent on development is declining. Drug repositioning, which aims to find new use of existing drugs, attracts attention of pharmaceutical researchers due to its high efficiency. A variety of computational methods for drug repositioning have been proposed based on machine learning approaches, network-based approaches, matrix decomposition approaches, etc. RESULTS: We propose a novel computational method for drug repositioning. We construct and decompose three-dimensional tensors, which consist of the associations among drugs, targets and diseases, to derive latent factors reflecting the functional patterns of the three kinds of entities. The proposed method outperforms several baseline methods in recovering missing associations. Most of the top predictions are validated by literature search and computational docking. Latent factors are used to cluster the drugs, targets and diseases into functional groups. Topological Data Analysis (TDA) is applied to investigate the properties of the clusters. We find that the latent factors are able to capture the functional patterns and underlying molecular mechanisms of drugs, targets and diseases. In addition, we focus on repurposing drugs for cancer and discover not only new therapeutic use but also adverse effects of the drugs. In the in-depth study of associations among the clusters of drugs, targets and cancer subtypes, we find there exist strong associations between particular clusters. CONCLUSIONS The proposed method is able to recover missing associations, discover new predictions and uncover functional clusters of drugs, targets and diseases. The clustering of drugs, targets and diseases, as well as the associations among the clusters, provides a new guiding framework for drug repositioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lixin Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medicine College of Ji’nan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Man Hon Wong
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kwong Sak Leung
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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16
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Mroueh FM, Noureldein M, Zeidan YH, Boutary S, Irani SAM, Eid S, Haddad M, Barakat R, Harb F, Costantine J, Kanj R, Sauleau EA, Ouhtit A, Azar ST, Eid AH, Eid AA. Unmasking the interplay between mTOR and Nox4: novel insights into the mechanism connecting diabetes and cancer. FASEB J 2019; 33:14051-14066. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900396rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Mohsen Mroueh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohamed Noureldein
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef H. Zeidan
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Suzan Boutary
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sara Abou Merhi Irani
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Stéphanie Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mary Haddad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rasha Barakat
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Harb
- Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Fanar, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Costantine
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Rouwaida Kanj
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Maroun Semaan Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Erik-André Sauleau
- Department of Biostatistics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7357 ICube, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Allal Ouhtit
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sami T. Azar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut (AUB) Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali H. Eid
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assaad A. Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology, and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- American University of Beirut (AUB) Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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17
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Kwon Y, Kim M, Jung HS, Kim Y, Jeoung D. Targeting Autophagy for Overcoming Resistance to Anti-EGFR Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091374. [PMID: 31527477 PMCID: PMC6769649 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays critical roles in cell proliferation, tumorigenesis, and anti-cancer drug resistance. Overexpression and somatic mutations of EGFR result in enhanced cancer cell survival. Therefore, EGFR can be a target for the development of anti-cancer therapy. Patients with cancers, including non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), have been shown to response to EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and anti-EGFR antibodies. However, resistance to these anti-EGFR treatments has developed. Autophagy has emerged as a potential mechanism involved in the acquired resistance to anti-EGFR treatments. Anti-EGFR treatments can induce autophagy and result in resistance to anti-EGFR treatments. Autophagy is a programmed catabolic process stimulated by various stimuli. It promotes cellular survival under these stress conditions. Under normal conditions, EGFR-activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling inhibits autophagy while EGFR/rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (RAS)/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling promotes autophagy. Thus, targeting autophagy may overcome resistance to anti-EGFR treatments. Inhibitors targeting autophagy and EGFR signaling have been under development. In this review, we discuss crosstalk between EGFR signaling and autophagy. We also assess whether autophagy inhibition, along with anti-EGFR treatments, might represent a promising approach to overcome resistance to anti-EGFR treatments in various cancers. In addition, we discuss new developments concerning anti-autophagy therapeutics for overcoming resistance to anti-EGFR treatments in various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea.
| | - Misun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea.
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea.
| | - Youngmi Kim
- Institute of New Frontier Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chunchon 24251, Korea.
| | - Dooil Jeoung
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 24341, Korea.
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18
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He J, McLaughlin RP, van der Noord V, Foekens JA, Martens JWM, van Westen G, Zhang Y, van de Water B. Multi-targeted kinase inhibition alleviates mTOR inhibitor resistance in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 178:263-274. [PMID: 31388935 PMCID: PMC6797661 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05380-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Owing to its genetic heterogeneity and acquired resistance, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is not responsive to single-targeted therapy, causing disproportional cancer-related death worldwide. Combined targeted therapy strategies to block interactive oncogenic signaling networks are being explored for effective treatment of the refractory TNBC subtype. Methods A broad kinase inhibitor screen was applied to profile the proliferative responses of TNBC cells, revealing resistance of TNBC cells to inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). A systematic drug combination screen was subsequently performed to identify that AEE788, an inhibitor targeting multiple receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) EGFR/HER2 and VEGFR, synergizes with selective mTOR inhibitor rapamycin as well as its analogs (rapalogs) temsirolimus and everolimus to inhibit TNBC cell proliferation. Results The combination treatment with AEE788 and rapalog effectively inhibits phosphorylation of mTOR and 4EBP1, relieves mTOR inhibition-mediated upregulation of cyclin D1, and maintains suppression of AKT and ERK signaling, thereby sensitizing TNBC cells to the rapalogs. siRNA validation of cheminformatics-based predicted AEE788 targets has further revealed the mTOR interactive RPS6K members (RPS6KA3, RPS6KA6, RPS6KB1, and RPS6KL1) as synthetic lethal targets for rapalog combination treatment. Conclusions mTOR signaling is highly activated in TNBC tumors. As single rapalog treatment is insufficient to block mTOR signaling in rapalog-resistant TNBC cells, our results thus provide a potential multi-kinase inhibitor combinatorial strategy to overcome mTOR-targeted therapy resistance in TNBC cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10549-019-05380-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jichao He
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ronan P McLaughlin
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vera van der Noord
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John A Foekens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomic Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John W M Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology and Cancer Genomic Netherlands, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Centre, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard van Westen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Yinghui Zhang
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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19
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Hua H, Kong Q, Zhang H, Wang J, Luo T, Jiang Y. Targeting mTOR for cancer therapy. J Hematol Oncol 2019; 12:71. [PMID: 31277692 PMCID: PMC6612215 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-019-0754-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 533] [Impact Index Per Article: 106.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a protein kinase regulating cell growth, survival, metabolism, and immunity. mTOR is usually assembled into several complexes such as mTOR complex 1/2 (mTORC1/2). In cooperation with raptor, rictor, LST8, and mSin1, key components in mTORC1 or mTORC2, mTOR catalyzes the phosphorylation of multiple targets such as ribosomal protein S6 kinase β-1 (S6K1), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), Akt, protein kinase C (PKC), and type-I insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR), thereby regulating protein synthesis, nutrients metabolism, growth factor signaling, cell growth, and migration. Activation of mTOR promotes tumor growth and metastasis. Many mTOR inhibitors have been developed to treat cancer. While some of the mTOR inhibitors have been approved to treat human cancer, more mTOR inhibitors are being evaluated in clinical trials. Here, we update recent advances in exploring mTOR signaling and the development of mTOR inhibitors for cancer therapy. In addition, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the resistance to mTOR inhibitors in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qingbin Kong
- Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ting Luo
- Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yangfu Jiang
- Laboratory of Oncogene, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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20
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Yao H, Sun Q, Zhu J. miR-1271 enhances the sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to cisplatin. Exp Ther Med 2019; 17:4363-4370. [PMID: 31086572 PMCID: PMC6489001 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC) is likely caused by early invasion and metastasis. The chemoresistance of tumor cells is the critical reason for treatment failure. The present study aimed to develop targeted solutions to overcome chemotherapy drug resistance in CRC. CCK-8 assay was used to examine SW480 cell viability. SW480 cell apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry. The present study demonstrated that the expression of miR-1271 was significantly decreased in CRC tumors and cell lines compared with control tissues. Furthermore, the expression of microRNA (miR)-1271 was increased and decreased following the transfection of miR-1271 mimics and an inhibitor, respectively. Furthermore, miR-1271 regulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression by directly binding to the mTOR 3'-untranslated region and the relative luciferase activity of mTOR was decreased following miR-1271 overexpression. The results of the present study indicate that miR-1271 may be a potential target for anti-CRC therapy, particularly in the sensitivity of chemotherapeutic drugs. miR-1271 may therefore enhance the sensitivity of CRC cells to chemotherapy drugs and provide a novel approach for the gene therapy of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixiang Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Qun Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jinshui Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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21
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Chiarini F, Evangelisti C, Lattanzi G, McCubrey JA, Martelli AM. Advances in understanding the mechanisms of evasive and innate resistance to mTOR inhibition in cancer cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:1322-1337. [PMID: 30928610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The development of drug-resistance by neoplastic cells is recognized as a major cause of targeted therapy failure and disease progression. The mechanistic (previously mammalian) target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved Ser/Thr kinase that acts as the catalytic subunit of two structurally and functionally distinct large multiprotein complexes, referred to as mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. Both mTORC1 and mTORC2 play key roles in a variety of healthy cell types/tissues by regulating physiological anabolic and catabolic processes in response to external cues. However, a body of evidence identified aberrant activation of mTOR signaling as a common event in many human tumors. Therefore, mTOR is an attractive target for therapeutic targeting in cancer and this fact has driven the development of numerous mTOR inhibitors, several of which have progressed to clinical trials. Nevertheless, mTOR inhibitors have met with a very limited success as anticancer therapeutics. Among other reasons, this failure was initially ascribed to the activation of several compensatory signaling pathways that dampen the efficacy of mTOR inhibitors. The discovery of these regulatory feedback mechanisms greatly contributed to a better understanding of cancer cell resistance to mTOR targeting agents. However, over the last few years, other mechanisms of resistance have emerged, including epigenetic alterations, compensatory metabolism rewiring and the occurrence of mTOR mutations. In this article, we provide the reader with an updated overview of the mechanisms that could explain resistance of cancer cells to the various classes of mTOR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Chiarini
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Camilla Evangelisti
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - Giovanna Lattanzi
- CNR Institute of Molecular Genetics, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, BO, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA.
| | - Alberto M Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, BO, Italy.
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22
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Trucco MM, Meyer CF, Thornton KA, Shah P, Chen AR, Wilky BA, Carrera-Haro MA, Boyer LC, Ferreira MF, Shafique U, Powell JD, Loeb DM. A phase II study of temsirolimus and liposomal doxorubicin for patients with recurrent and refractory bone and soft tissue sarcomas. Clin Sarcoma Res 2018; 8:21. [PMID: 30410720 PMCID: PMC6217787 DOI: 10.1186/s13569-018-0107-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Relapsed and refractory sarcomas continue to have poor survival rates. The cancer stem cell (CSC) theory provides a tractable explanation for the observation that recurrences occur despite dramatic responses to upfront chemotherapy. Preclinical studies demonstrated that inhibition of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) sensitizes the CSC population to chemotherapy. Methods Here we present the results of the Phase II portion of a Phase I/II clinical trial that aimed to overcome the chemoresistance of sarcoma CSC by combining the mTOR inhibitor temsirolimus (20 mg/m2 weekly) with the chemotherapeutic agent liposomal doxorubicin (30 mg/m2 monthly). Results Fifteen patients with relapsed/refractory sarcoma were evaluable at this recommended Phase 2 dose level. The median progression free survival was 315 days (range 27–799). Response rate, defined as stable disease or better for 60 days, was 53%. Nine of the patients had been previously treated with doxorubicin. Therapy was well tolerated. In a small number of patients, pre- and post- treatment tumor biopsies were available for assessment of ALDH expression as a marker of CSCs and showed a correlation between response and decreased ALDH expression. We also found a correlation between biopsy-proven inhibition of mTOR and response. Conclusions Our study adds to the literature supporting the addition of mTOR inhibition to chemotherapy agents for the treatment of sarcomas, and proposes that a mechanism by which mTOR inhibition enhances the efficacy of chemotherapy may be through sensitizing the chemoresistant CSC population. Further study, ideally with pre- and post-therapy assessment of ALDH expression in tumor cells, is warranted. Trial registration The trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00949325) on 30 July 2009. http://www.editorialmanager.com/csrj/default.aspx
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo M Trucco
- 1Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,3Present Address: Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Christian F Meyer
- 2Division of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Katherine A Thornton
- 2Division of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,4Present Address: Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Preeti Shah
- 1Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,Present Address: Akan Biosciences, Gaithersburg, MD USA
| | - Allen R Chen
- 1Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Breelyn A Wilky
- 2Division of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,3Present Address: Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL USA
| | - Maria A Carrera-Haro
- 1Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,6Present Address: Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY USA
| | - Lillian C Boyer
- 1Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Margaret F Ferreira
- 1Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Umber Shafique
- 1Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- 2Division of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - David M Loeb
- 1Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA.,7Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, 3411 Wayne Ave., Room 910, Bronx, NY 10467 USA
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23
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Shen M, Kang Y. Complex interplay between tumor microenvironment and cancer therapy. Front Med 2018; 12:426-439. [PMID: 30097962 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-018-0663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is comprised of cellular and non-cellular components that exist within and around the tumor mass. The TME is highly dynamic and its importance in different stages of cancer progression has been well recognized. A growing body of evidence suggests that TME also plays pivotal roles in cancer treatment responses. TME is significantly remodeled upon cancer therapies, and such change either enhances the responses or induces drug resistance. Given the importance of TME in tumor progression and therapy resistance, strategies that remodel TME to improve therapeutic responses are under developing. In this review, we provide an overview of the essential components in TME and the remodeling of TME in response to anti-cancer treatments. We also summarize the strategies that aim to enhance therapeutic efficacy by modulating TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhong Shen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Yibin Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA.
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24
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Xu DQ, Toyoda H, Qi L, Morimoto M, Hanaki R, Iwamoto S, Komada Y, Hirayama M. Induction of MEK/ERK activity by AZD8055 confers acquired resistance in neuroblastoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 499:425-432. [PMID: 29571732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.03.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex (mTORC) is frequently activated in diverse cancers. Although dual mTORC1/2 inhibitors are currently under development to treat various malignancies, the emergence of drug resistance has proven to be a major complication. AZD8055 is a novel, potent ATP-competitive and specific inhibitor of mTOR kinase activity, which blocks both mTORC1 and mTORC2 activation. In this study, we acquired AZD8055-resistant neuroblastoma (NB) cell sublines by using prolonged stepwise escalation of AZD8055 exposure (4-12 weeks). Here we demonstrate that the AZD8055-resistant sublines (TGW-R and SMS-KAN-R) exhibited marked resistance to AZD8055 compared to the parent cells (TGW and SMS-KAN). The cell cycle G1/S transition was advanced in resistant cells. In addition, the resistance against AZD8055 correlated with over-activation of MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Furthermore, combination of AZD8055 and MEK inhibitor U0126 enhanced the growth inhibition of resistant cells significantly in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, these data show that targeting mTOR kinase and MEK/ERK signaling simultaneously might help to overcome AZD8055 resistance in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Qing Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Hidemi Toyoda
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Mari Morimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Ryo Hanaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Shotaro Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Komada
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hirayama
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174, Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, Japan.
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25
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Abstract
Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is the kinase subunit of two structurally and functionally distinct large multiprotein complexes, referred to as mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. mTORC1 and mTORC2 play key physiological roles as they control anabolic and catabolic processes in response to external cues in a variety of tissues and organs. However, mTORC1 and mTORC2 activities are deregulated in widespread human diseases, including cancer. Cancer cells take advantage of mTOR oncogenic signaling to drive their proliferation, survival, metabolic transformation, and metastatic potential. Therefore, mTOR lends itself very well as a therapeutic target for innovative cancer treatment. mTOR was initially identified as the target of the antibiotic rapamycin that displayed remarkable antitumor activity in vitro Promising preclinical studies using rapamycin and its derivatives (rapalogs) demonstrated efficacy in many human cancer types, hence supporting the launch of numerous clinical trials aimed to evaluate the real effectiveness of mTOR-targeted therapies. However, rapamycin and rapalogs have shown very limited activity in most clinical contexts, also when combined with other drugs. Thus, novel classes of mTOR inhibitors with a stronger antineoplastic potency have been developed. Nevertheless, emerging clinical data suggest that also these novel mTOR-targeting drugs may have a weak antitumor activity. Here, we summarize the current status of available mTOR inhibitors and highlight the most relevant results from both preclinical and clinical studies that have provided valuable insights into both their efficacy and failure.
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