1
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Wang YY, Ye LH, Zhao AQ, Gao WR, Dai N, Yin Y, Zhang X. M6A modification regulates tumor suppressor DIRAS1 expression in cervical cancer cells. Cancer Biol Ther 2024; 25:2306674. [PMID: 38372700 PMCID: PMC10878024 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2024.2306674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
DIRAS family GTPase 1 (DIRAS1) has been reported as a potential tumor suppressor in other human cancer. However, its expression pattern and role in cervical cancer remain unknown. Knockdown of DIRAS1 significantly promoted the proliferation, growth, migration, and invasion of C33A and SiHa cells cultured in vitro. Overexpression of DIRAS1 significantly inhibited the viability and motility of C33A and SiHa cells. Compared with normal cervical tissues, DIRAS1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in cervical cancer tissues. DIRAS1 protein expression was also significantly reduced in cervical cancer tissues compared with para-cancerous tissues. In addition, DIRAS1 expression level in tumor tissues was significantly negatively correlated with the pathological grades of cervical cancer patients. DNA methylation inhibitor (5-Azacytidine) and histone deacetylation inhibitor (SAHA) resulted in a significant increase in DIRAS1 mRNA levels in C33A and SiHa cells, but did not affect DIRAS1 protein levels. FTO inhibitor (FB23-2) significantly down-regulated intracellular DIRAS1 mRNA levels, but significantly up-regulated DIRAS1 protein levels. Moreover, the down-regulation of METTL3 and METTL14 expression significantly inhibited DIRAS1 protein expression, whereas the down-regulation of FTO and ALKBH5 expression significantly increased DIRAS1 protein expression. In conclusion, DIRAS1 exerts a significant anti-oncogenic function and its expression is significantly downregulated in cervical cancer cells. The m6A modification may be a key mechanism to regulate DIRAS1 mRNA stability and protein translation efficiency in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Lian-Hua Ye
- Department of Internal Medicine, Zigong Fourth People’s Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - An-Qi Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Ran Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Dai
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yu Yin
- Operating Rooms, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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2
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Koehn OJ, Lorimer E, Unger B, Harris R, Das AS, Suazo KF, Auger S, Distefano M, Prokop JW, Williams CL. GTPase splice variants RAC1 and RAC1B display isoform-specific differences in localization, prenylation, and interaction with the chaperone protein SmgGDS. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104698. [PMID: 37059183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying events that regulate the prenylation and localization of small GTPases will help define new strategies for therapeutic targeting of these proteins in disorders such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, and neurological deficits. Splice variants of the chaperone protein SmgGDS (encoded by RAP1GDS1) are known to regulate prenylation and trafficking of small GTPases. The SmgGDS-607 splice variant regulates prenylation by binding pre-prenylated small GTPases, but the effects of SmgGDS binding to the small GTPase RAC1 versus the splice variant RAC1B are not well defined. Here we report unexpected differences in the prenylation and localization of RAC1 and RAC1B, and their binding to SmgGDS. Compared to RAC1, RAC1B more stably associates with SmgGDS-607, is less prenylated, and accumulates more in the nucleus. We show that the small GTPase DIRAS1 inhibits binding of RAC1 and RAC1B to SmgGDS and reduces their prenylation. These results suggest that prenylation of RAC1 and RAC1B is facilitated by binding to SmgGDS-607, but the greater retention of RAC1B by SmgGDS-607 slows RAC1B prenylation. We show that inhibiting RAC1 prenylation by mutating the CAAX motif promotes RAC1 nuclear accumulation, suggesting that differences in prenylation contribute to the different nuclear localization of RAC1 versus RAC1B. Finally, we demonstrate RAC1 and RAC1B that cannot be prenylated bind GTP in cells, indicating that prenylation is not a prerequisite for activation. We report differential expression of RAC1 and RAC1B transcripts in tissues, consistent with these two splice variants having unique functions that might arise in part from their differences in prenylation and localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia J Koehn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ellen Lorimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Bethany Unger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ra'Mal Harris
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Akansha S Das
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA
| | - Kiall F Suazo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USAA
| | - Shelby Auger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USAA
| | - Mark Distefano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USAA
| | - Jeremy W Prokop
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, 49503, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Carol L Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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3
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Michalak DJ, Unger B, Lorimer E, Grishaev A, Williams CL, Heinrich F, Lösche M. Structural and biophysical properties of farnesylated KRas interacting with the chaperone SmgGDS-558. Biophys J 2022; 121:3684-3697. [PMID: 35614853 PMCID: PMC9617131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
KRas is a small GTPase and membrane-bound signaling protein. Newly synthesized KRas is post-translationally modified with a membrane-anchoring prenyl group. KRas chaperones are therapeutic targets in cancer due to their participation in trafficking oncogenic KRas to membranes. SmgGDS splice variants are chaperones for small GTPases with basic residues in their hypervariable domain (HVR), including KRas. SmgGDS-607 escorts pre-prenylated small GTPases, while SmgGDS-558 escorts prenylated small GTPases. We provide a structural description of farnesylated and fully processed KRas (KRas-FMe) in complex with SmgGDS-558 and define biophysical properties of this interaction. Surface plasmon resonance measurements on biomimetic model membranes quantified the thermodynamics of the interaction of SmgGDS with KRas, and small-angle x-ray scattering was used to characterize complexes of SmgGDS-558 and KRas-FMe structurally. Structural models were refined using Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulations. Our results indicate that SmgGDS-558 interacts with the HVR and the farnesylated C-terminus of KRas-FMe, but not its G-domain. Therefore, SmgGDS-558 interacts differently with prenylated KRas than prenylated RhoA, whose G-domain was found in close contact with SmgGDS-558 in a recent crystal structure. Using immunoprecipitation assays, we show that SmgGDS-558 binds the GTP-bound, GDP-bound, and nucleotide-free forms of farnesylated and fully processed KRas in cells, consistent with SmgGDS-558 not engaging the G-domain of KRas. We found that the dissociation constant, Kd, for KRas-FMe binding to SmgGDS-558 is comparable with that for the KRas complex with PDEδ, a well-characterized KRas chaperone that also does not interact with the KRas G-domain. These results suggest that KRas interacts in similar ways with the two chaperones SmgGDS-558 and PDEδ. Therapeutic targeting of the SmgGDS-558/KRas complex might prove as useful as targeting the PDEδ/KRas complex in KRas-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis J Michalak
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Bethany Unger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ellen Lorimer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Alexander Grishaev
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland; Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
| | - Carol L Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Frank Heinrich
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland.
| | - Mathias Lösche
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland
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4
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Fischer M, Schwarz R, Riege K, DeCaprio JA, Hoffmann S. TargetGeneReg 2.0: a comprehensive web-atlas for p53, p63, and cell cycle-dependent gene regulation. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac009. [PMID: 35350773 PMCID: PMC8946727 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, our web-atlas at www.TargetGeneReg.org has enabled many researchers to uncover new biological insights and to identify novel regulatory mechanisms that affect p53 and the cell cycle – signaling pathways that are frequently dysregulated in diseases like cancer. Here, we provide a substantial upgrade of the database that comprises an extension to include non-coding genes and the transcription factors ΔNp63 and RFX7. TargetGeneReg 2.0 combines gene expression profiling and transcription factor DNA binding data to determine, for each gene, the response to p53, ΔNp63, and cell cycle signaling. It can be used to dissect common, cell type and treatment-specific effects, identify the most promising candidates, and validate findings. We demonstrate the increased power and more intuitive layout of the resource using realistic examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Robert Schwarz
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Konstantin Riege
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - James A DeCaprio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Steve Hoffmann
- Computational Biology Group, Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstraße 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
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5
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Saliani M, Mirzaiebadizi A, Mosaddeghzadeh N, Ahmadian MR. RHO GTPase-Related Long Noncoding RNAs in Human Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5386. [PMID: 34771549 PMCID: PMC8582479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
RHO GTPases are critical signal transducers that regulate cell adhesion, polarity, and migration through multiple signaling pathways. While all these cellular processes are crucial for the maintenance of normal cell homeostasis, disturbances in RHO GTPase-associated signaling pathways contribute to different human diseases, including many malignancies. Several members of the RHO GTPase family are frequently upregulated in human tumors. Abnormal gene regulation confirms the pivotal role of lncRNAs as critical gene regulators, and thus, they could potentially act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors. lncRNAs most likely act as sponges for miRNAs, which are known to be dysregulated in various cancers. In this regard, the significant role of miRNAs targeting RHO GTPases supports the view that the aberrant expression of lncRNAs may reciprocally change the intensity of RHO GTPase-associated signaling pathways. In this review article, we summarize recent advances in lncRNA research, with a specific focus on their sponge effects on RHO GTPase-targeting miRNAs to crucially mediate gene expression in different cancer cell types and tissues. We will focus in particular on five members of the RHO GTPase family, including RHOA, RHOB, RHOC, RAC1, and CDC42, to illustrate the role of lncRNAs in cancer progression. A deeper understanding of the widespread dysregulation of lncRNAs is of fundamental importance for confirmation of their contribution to RHO GTPase-dependent carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Saliani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran
| | - Amin Mirzaiebadizi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Niloufar Mosaddeghzadeh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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6
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Brandt AC, Koehn OJ, Williams CL. SmgGDS: An Emerging Master Regulator of Prenylation and Trafficking by Small GTPases in the Ras and Rho Families. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:685135. [PMID: 34222337 PMCID: PMC8242357 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.685135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly synthesized small GTPases in the Ras and Rho families are prenylated by cytosolic prenyltransferases and then escorted by chaperones to membranes, the nucleus, and other sites where the GTPases participate in a variety of signaling cascades. Understanding how prenylation and trafficking are regulated will help define new therapeutic strategies for cancer and other disorders involving abnormal signaling by these small GTPases. A growing body of evidence indicates that splice variants of SmgGDS (gene name RAP1GDS1) are major regulators of the prenylation, post-prenylation processing, and trafficking of Ras and Rho family members. SmgGDS-607 binds pre-prenylated small GTPases, while SmgGDS-558 binds prenylated small GTPases. This review discusses the history of SmgGDS research and explains our current understanding of how SmgGDS splice variants regulate the prenylation and trafficking of small GTPases. We discuss recent evidence that mutant forms of RabL3 and Rab22a control the release of small GTPases from SmgGDS, and review the inhibitory actions of DiRas1, which competitively blocks the binding of other small GTPases to SmgGDS. We conclude with a discussion of current strategies for therapeutic targeting of SmgGDS in cancer involving splice-switching oligonucleotides and peptide inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Brandt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Olivia J Koehn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Carol L Williams
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
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7
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Splice switching an oncogenic ratio of SmgGDS isoforms as a strategy to diminish malignancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:3627-3636. [PMID: 32019878 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1914153117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The chaperone protein SmgGDS promotes cell-cycle progression and tumorigenesis in human breast and nonsmall cell lung cancer. Splice variants of SmgGDS, named SmgGDS-607 and SmgGDS-558, facilitate the activation of oncogenic members of the Ras and Rho families of small GTPases through membrane trafficking via regulation of the prenylation pathway. SmgGDS-607 interacts with newly synthesized preprenylated small GTPases, while SmgGDS-558 interacts with prenylated small GTPases. We determined that cancer cells have a high ratio of SmgGDS-607:SmgGDS-558 (607:558 ratio), and this elevated ratio is associated with reduced survival of breast cancer patients. These discoveries suggest that targeting SmgGDS splicing to lower the 607:558 ratio may be an effective strategy to inhibit the malignant phenotype generated by small GTPases. Here we report the development of a splice-switching oligonucleotide, named SSO Ex5, that lowers the 607:558 ratio by altering exon 5 inclusion in SmgGDS pre-mRNA (messenger RNA). Our results indicate that SSO Ex5 suppresses the prenylation of multiple small GTPases in the Ras, Rho, and Rab families and inhibits ERK activity, resulting in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, the unfolded protein response, and ultimately apoptotic cell death in breast and lung cancer cell lines. Furthermore, intraperitoneal (i.p.) delivery of SSO Ex5 in MMTV-PyMT mice redirects SmgGDS splicing in the mammary gland and slows tumorigenesis in this aggressive model of breast cancer. Taken together, our results suggest that the high 607:558 ratio is required for optimal small GTPase prenylation, and validate this innovative approach of targeting SmgGDS splicing to diminish malignancy in breast and lung cancer.
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8
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Qi M, Li L, Lu Y, Chen H, Zhang M, Wang M, Ge L, Yang J, Shi N, Chen T, Tang X. Proteome profiling to identify peroxiredoxin 1 interacting protein partners in nicotine-associated oral leukoplakia. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 108:104537. [PMID: 31525533 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tobacco smoking is one of the main risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and can induce generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In our previous studies, we demonstrated that nicotine, the major ingredient in tobacco, can upregulate an important antioxidant enzyme Peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1), in oral leukoplakia (OLK), an oral precancerous lesion. The underlying regulatory mechanisms, however, remain unclear. This study aims to identify regulatory mechanisms of nicotine and identify Prx1 interacting proteins in nicotine-associated OLK. DESIGN Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) combined with bioinformatics analysis was conducted to profile Prx1 binding proteins in human dysplastic oral keratinocyte (DOK) cells. Candidate interaction proteins were further verified using Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), Western blot or Duolink assay in 4-nitro-quinoline-1-oxide (4NQO)-induced OLK in mice and human OLK tissues. RESULTS We identified Thioredoxin (Trx), Nucleolar GTP-binding protein 1 (GTPBP4), GTP-binding protein Di-Ras2 (DIRAS2) and apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) as key Prx1 interacting proteins regulated by nicotine. Our data showed that nicotine upregulated Trx, GTPBP4, DIRAS2, and downregulated ASK1 in 4NQO-induced OLK in mice, at least in part dependent on Prx1. The modulations of Trx, GTPBP4, DIRAS2 and ASK1 by nicotine were also found in OLK smokers compared to OLK non-smokers. The in-situ interaction of Trx, GTPBP4, DIRAS2 and ASK1 with Prx1 were validated in human OLK tissues. CONCLUSION Nicotine may promote OLK development via regulating Prx1 binding proteins Trx, GTPBP4, DIRAS2 and ASK1. The results of this study will help to develop therapeutic approaches for OLK in humans targeting Prx1 interacting protein network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moci Qi
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 TiantanXili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lingyu Li
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 TiantanXili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yunping Lu
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 TiantanXili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 TiantanXili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 TiantanXili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Min Wang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 TiantanXili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lihua Ge
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 TiantanXili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 TiantanXili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ni Shi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Tong Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Xiaofei Tang
- Division of Oral Pathology, Beijing Institute of Dental Research, Beijing Key Laboratory, Beijing Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, No. 4 TiantanXili, Dongcheng District, Beijing 100050, China.
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9
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Li X, Liu S, Fang X, He C, Hu X. The mechanisms of DIRAS family members in role of tumor suppressor. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5564-5577. [PMID: 30317588 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
DIRAS family is a group of GTPases belonging to the RAS superfamily and shares homology with the pro-oncogenic Ras GTPases. Currently, accumulating evidence show that DIRAS family members could be identified as putative tumor suppressors in various cancers. The either lost or reduced expression of DIRAS proteins play an important role in cancer development, including cell growth, migration, apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and tumor dormancy. This review focuses on the latest research regarding the roles and mechanisms of the DIRAS family members in regulating Ras function, cancer development, assessing potential challenges, and providing insights into the possibility of targeting them for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Li
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuiping Liu
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Cancer Pharmacology and Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Holistic Integrative Pharmacy Institutes, College of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao He
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- Biomedical Research Center and Key Laboratory of Biotherapy of Zhejiang Province, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Lafita-Navarro MC, Kim M, Borenstein-Auerbach N, Venkateswaran N, Hao YH, Ray R, Brabletz T, Scaglioni PP, Shay JW, Conacci-Sorrell M. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor regulates nucleolar activity and protein synthesis in MYC-expressing cells. Genes Dev 2018; 32:1303-1308. [PMID: 30254109 PMCID: PMC6169836 DOI: 10.1101/gad.313007.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MYC enhances protein synthesis by regulating genes involved in ribosome biogenesis and protein translation. Here, we show that MYC-induced protein translation is mediated by the transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which is induced by MYC in colonic cells. AHR promotes protein synthesis by activating the transcription of genes required for ribosome biogenesis and protein translation, including OGFOD1 and NOLC1. Using surface sensing of translation (SUnSET) to measure global protein translation, we found that silencing AHR or its targets diminishes protein synthesis. Therefore, targeting AHR or its downstream pathways could provide a novel approach to limit biomass production in MYC-driven tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carmen Lafita-Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Min Kim
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Nofit Borenstein-Auerbach
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Niranjan Venkateswaran
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Yi-Heng Hao
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Roshni Ray
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Thomas Brabletz
- Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular Medicine, University Erlangen-Nurnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pier Paolo Scaglioni
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267, USA
| | - Jerry W Shay
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
| | - Maralice Conacci-Sorrell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA.,Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, USA
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11
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Bustelo XR. RHO GTPases in cancer: known facts, open questions, and therapeutic challenges. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:741-760. [PMID: 29871878 PMCID: PMC7615761 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
RHO GTPases have been traditionally associated with protumorigenic functions. While this paradigm is still valid in many cases, recent data have unexpectedly revealed that RHO proteins can also play tumor suppressor roles. RHO signaling elements can also promote both pro- and antitumorigenic effects using GTPase-independent mechanisms, thus giving an extra layer of complexity to the role of these proteins in cancer. Consistent with these variegated roles, both gain- and loss-of-function mutations in RHO pathway genes have been found in cancer patients. Collectively, these observations challenge long-held functional archetypes for RHO proteins in both normal and cancer cells. In this review, I will summarize these data and discuss new questions arising from them such as the functional and clinical relevance of the mutations found in patients, the mechanistic orchestration of those antagonistic functions in tumors, and the pros and cons that these results represent for the development of RHO-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xosé R Bustelo
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
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