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Huang Y, Zhang R, Lyu H, Xiao S, Guo D, Chen XZ, Zhou C, Tang J. LncRNAs as nodes for the cross-talk between autophagy and Wnt signaling in pancreatic cancer drug resistance. Int J Biol Sci 2024; 20:2698-2726. [PMID: 38725864 PMCID: PMC11077374 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.91832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a malignancy with high mortality. In addition to the few symptoms until the disease reaches an advanced stage, the high fatality rate is attributed to its rapid development, drug resistance and lack of appropriate treatment. In the selection and research of therapeutic drugs, gemcitabine is the first-line drug for pancreatic cancer. Solving the problem of gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer will contribute to the progress of pancreatic cancer treatment. Long non coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides, play vital roles in cellular physiological metabolic activities. Currently, our group and others have found that some lncRNAs are aberrantly expressed in pancreatic cancer cells, which can regulate the process of cancer through autophagy and Wnt/β-catenin pathways simultaneously and affect the sensitivity of cancer cells to therapeutic drugs. This review presents an overview of the recent evidence concerning the node of lncRNA for the cross-talk between autophagy and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in pancreatic cancer, together with the practicability of lncRNAs and the core regulatory factors as targets in therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Huang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China, 430068
| | - Rui Zhang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China, 430068
| | - Hao Lyu
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China, 430068
| | - Shuai Xiao
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China, 430068
| | - Dong Guo
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China, 430068
| | - Xing-Zhen Chen
- Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada, T6G2R3
| | - Cefan Zhou
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China, 430068
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China, 430068
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2
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Cui W, Xie N, Lam EWF, Hahn-Stromberg V, Liu N, Zhang H, Sun XF. High expression of cytoplasmic FOXO3 protein associated with poor prognosis of rectal cancer patients: A study from Swedish clinical trial of preoperative radiotherapy to big database analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15342. [PMID: 37131452 PMCID: PMC10149220 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accumulating evidence has implicated a pivotal role for FOXO3, FOXM1 and SIRT6 in cancer progression. The majority of researches focused on the functions of these proteins in drug resistance, but their relationships with radiotherapy (RT) response remain unclear. In this study, we examined protein expression of FOXO3, FOXM1 and SIRT6 and their clinical significance in a Swedish rectal cancer trial of preoperative RT. Methods Expression of FOXO3, FOXM1 and SIRT6 protein was examined by immunohistochemistry in patient samples. Genetic analysis of FOXO3, FOXM1 and SIRT6 were performed by cBioportal and MEXPRESS database. Gene-gene network analysis was conducted using GeneMANIA. Functional enrichment analysis was performed based on LinkedOmics and Metascape online software. Results FOXO3 and FOXM1were mainly expressed in the cytoplasm in both normal and tumour tissues, and SIRT6 in both the cytoplasm and nucleus in normal and tumour tissues. FOXO3 and FOXM1 expression increased from normal mucosa to primary cancer (P < 0.001), while SIRT6 expression decreased from normal mucosa to primary cancer (P < 0.001). High FOXO3 expression correlated with late TNM stage (P = 0.040), distant metastasis (P = 0.032) and independently with disease free survival (DFS) in the RT patients (HR = 7.948; P = 0.049; 95% CI = 1.002-63.032) but not in non-RT patients (P > 0.05). Genetic analysis indicated that DNA methylation status contributed to FOXO3 overexpression. Functional enrichment analysis demonstrated that FOXO3 was closely related to metabolism-related signalling pathway which in turn associated with cancer radioresistance. Moreover, there were strong gene-gene interactions between FOXO3 and metabolism-related signalling. Conclusions Our findings suggest that FOXO3 may be a prognostic factor in rectal cancer patients with RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyingqi Cui
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Ning Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Eric W.-F. Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | | | - Na Liu
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
- Corresponding author.Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Hong Zhang
- School of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
- Corresponding author.
| | - Xiao-Feng Sun
- Department of Oncology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Corresponding author. ;
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Canonical and Noncanonical ER Stress-Mediated Autophagy Is a Bite the Bullet in View of Cancer Therapy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233773. [PMID: 36497032 PMCID: PMC9738281 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells adapt multiple mechanisms to counter intense stress on their way to growth. Tumor microenvironment stress leads to canonical and noncanonical endoplasmic stress (ER) responses, which mediate autophagy and are engaged during proteotoxic challenges to clear unfolded or misfolded proteins and damaged organelles to mitigate stress. In these conditions, autophagy functions as a cytoprotective mechanism in which malignant tumor cells reuse degraded materials to generate energy under adverse growing conditions. However, cellular protection by autophagy is thought to be complicated, contentious, and context-dependent; the stress response to autophagy is suggested to support tumorigenesis and drug resistance, which must be adequately addressed. This review describes significant findings that suggest accelerated autophagy in cancer, a novel obstacle for anticancer therapy, and discusses the UPR components that have been suggested to be untreatable. Thus, addressing the UPR or noncanonical ER stress components is the most effective approach to suppressing cytoprotective autophagy for better and more effective cancer treatment.
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Kohoutova K, Dočekal V, Ausserlechner MJ, Kaiser N, Tekel A, Mandal R, Horvath M, Obsilova V, Vesely J, Hagenbuchner J, Obsil T. Lengthening the Guanidine-Aryl Linker of Phenylpyrimidinylguanidines Increases Their Potency as Inhibitors of FOXO3-Induced Gene Transcription. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:34632-34646. [PMID: 36188303 PMCID: PMC9521028 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increased FOXO3 nuclear localization is involved in neuroblastoma chemoresistance and tumor angiogenesis. Accordingly, FOXO3 inhibition is a promising strategy for boosting antitumor immune responses and suppressing FOXO3-mediated therapy resistance in cancer cells. However, no FOXO3 inhibitors are currently available for clinical use. Nevertheless, we have recently identified (4-propoxy)phenylpyrimidinylguanidine as a FOXO3 inhibitor in cancer cells in the low micromolar range. Here, we report the synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of a small library of its derivatives, some of which inhibit FOXO3-induced gene transcription in cancer cells in a submicromolar range and are thus 1 order of magnitude more potent than their parent compound. By NMR and molecular docking, we showed that these compounds differ in their interactions with the DNA-binding domain of FOXO3. These results may provide a foundation for further optimizing (4-propoxy)phenylpyrimidinylguanidine and developing therapeutics for inhibiting the activity of forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors and their interactions with other binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Kohoutova
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Structural
Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division
BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, Vestec 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtěch Dočekal
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | | | - Nora Kaiser
- Department
of Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 66, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Andrej Tekel
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Raju Mandal
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Matej Horvath
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Obsilova
- Institute
of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Structural
Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division
BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, Vestec 25250, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vesely
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
| | - Judith Hagenbuchner
- Department
of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innrain 66, Innsbruck 6020, Austria
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department
of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 6, Prague 12843, Czech Republic
- Institute
of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Structural
Biology of Signaling Proteins, Division
BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, Vestec 25250, Czech Republic
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5
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Integrated Analysis of Cancer Tissue and Vitreous Humor from Retinoblastoma Eyes Reveals Unique Tumor-Specific Metabolic and Cellular Pathways in Advanced and Non-Advanced Tumors. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101668. [PMID: 35626705 PMCID: PMC9139581 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a pediatric intraocular malignancy that is proposed to originate from maturing cone cell precursors in the developing retina. The molecular mechanisms underlying the biological and clinical behaviors are important to understand in order to improve the management of advanced-stage tumors. While the genetic causes of Rb are known, an integrated understanding of the gene expression and metabolic processes in tumors of human eyes is deficient. By integrating transcriptomic profiling from tumor tissues and metabolomics from tumorous eye vitreous humor samples (with healthy, age-matched pediatric retinae and vitreous samples as controls), we uncover unique functional associations between genes and metabolites. We found distinct gene expression patterns between clinically advanced and non-advanced Rb. Global metabolomic analysis of the vitreous humor of the same Rb eyes revealed distinctly altered metabolites, indicating how tumor metabolism has diverged from healthy pediatric retina. Several key enzymes that are related to cellular energy production, such as hexokinase 1, were found to be reduced in a manner corresponding to altered metabolites; notably, a reduction in pyruvate levels. Similarly, E2F2 was the most significantly elevated E2F family member in our cohort that is part of the cell cycle regulatory circuit. Ectopic expression of the wild-type RB1 gene in the Rb-null Y79 and WERI-Rb1 cells rescued hexokinase 1 expression, while E2F2 levels were repressed. In an additional set of Rb tumor samples and pediatric healthy controls, we further validated differences in the expression of HK1 and E2F2. Through an integrated omics analysis of the transcriptomics and metabolomics of Rb, we uncovered a significantly altered tumor-specific metabolic circuit that reduces its dependence on glycolytic pathways and is governed by Rb1 and HK1.
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Qi S, Xu L, Han Y, Chen H, Cheng A. miR-29a-3p mitigates the development of osteosarcoma through modulating IGF1 mediated PI3k/Akt/FOXO3 pathway by activating autophagy. Cell Cycle 2022; 21:1980-1995. [PMID: 35575588 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2022.2078614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS), occurring in mesenchymal tissues and with a high degree of malignancy, is most common in children and adolescents. At present, we intend to figure out the expression and functions of miR-29a-3p in OS development. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was adopted to monitor the expression of miR-29a-3p and IGF1 in OS tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues. Then, the 3- (4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di- phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay, colony formation experiment, western blot and Transwell assay were conducted to validate OS cell proliferation, colony formation ability, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Next, the association between miR-29a-3p and IGF1 was corroborated by the dual-luciferase reporter assay and the Pearson correlation analysis. Finally, WB was implemented to test the levels of autophagy-related proteins LC3-I/LC3-II, Beclin-1, p62, and the IGF-1R/PI3k/Akt/FOXO3 axis in OS cells. As a result, miR-29a-3p was down-regulated in OS tissues (versus adjacent non-tumor tissues) and OS cell lines. Overexpressing miR-29a-3p aggravated apoptosis, dampened cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and promoted autophagy of OS cells. IGF1 was identified as a target of miR-29a-3p. IGF1 induced oncogenic effects in OS by activating IGF-1R/ PI3k/Akt pathway, and it dampened the tumor-suppressive effect of miR-29a-3p on OS. Taken together, miR-29a-3p repressed the OS evolvement through inducing autophagy and inhibiting IGF1 mediated PI3k/Akt/FOXO3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Qi
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Wuhan No 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Wuhan No 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
| | - Yongyuan Han
- Orthopedics Department I, Zaozhuang Chinese Medicine Hospital, Zaozhuang 277000, Shandong, China
| | - Hongkun Chen
- Pediatric Surgery, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang 277102, Shandong, China
| | - Anyuan Cheng
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Wuhan No 1 Hospital, Wuhan 430022, Hubei, China
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Mandal R, Kohoutova K, Petrvalska O, Horvath M, Srb P, Veverka V, Obsilova V, Obsil T. FOXO4 interacts with p53 TAD and CRD and inhibits its binding to DNA. Protein Sci 2022; 31:e4287. [PMID: 35481640 PMCID: PMC8994487 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factor p53 protects cells against tumorigenesis when subjected to various cellular stresses. Under these conditions, p53 interacts with transcription factor Forkhead box O (FOXO) 4, thereby inducing cellular senescence by upregulating the transcription of senescence-associated protein p21. However, the structural details of this interaction remain unclear. Here, we characterize the interaction between p53 and FOXO4 by NMR, chemical cross-linking, and analytical ultracentrifugation. Our results reveal that the interaction between p53 TAD and the FOXO4 Forkhead domain is essential for the overall stability of the p53:FOXO4 complex. Furthermore, contacts involving the N-terminal segment of FOXO4, the C-terminal negative regulatory domain of p53 and the DNA-binding domains of both proteins stabilize the complex, whose formation blocks p53 binding to DNA but without affecting the DNA-binding properties of FOXO4. Therefore, our structural findings may help to understand the intertwined functions of p53 and FOXO4 in cellular homeostasis, longevity, and stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju Mandal
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Klara Kohoutova
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
- Division BIOCEV, Department of Structural Biology of Signaling ProteinsInstitute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesVestecCzech Republic
| | - Olivia Petrvalska
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
- Division BIOCEV, Department of Structural Biology of Signaling ProteinsInstitute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesVestecCzech Republic
| | - Matej Horvath
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Pavel Srb
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Vaclav Veverka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
| | - Veronika Obsilova
- Division BIOCEV, Department of Structural Biology of Signaling ProteinsInstitute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesVestecCzech Republic
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of ScienceCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic
- Division BIOCEV, Department of Structural Biology of Signaling ProteinsInstitute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesVestecCzech Republic
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Fiegl H, Hagenbuchner J, Kyvelidou C, Seeber B, Sopper S, Tsibulak I, Wieser V, Reiser E, Roessler J, Huhtinen K, Carpén O, Parson W, Sprung S, Marth C, Ausserlechner MJ, Zeimet AG. Dubious effects of methadone as an "anticancer" drug on ovarian cancer cell-lines and patient-derived tumor-spheroids. Gynecol Oncol 2022; 165:129-136. [PMID: 35033381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The opioid agonist D,L-methadone exerts analgesic effects via the mu opioid receptor, encoded by OPRM1 and therefore plays a role in chronic pain management. In preclinical tumor-models D,L-methadone shows apoptotic and chemo-sensitizing effects and was therefore hyped as an off-label "anticancer" drug without substantiation from clinical trials. Its effects in ovarian cancer (OC) are completely unexplored. METHODS We analyzed OPRM1-mRNA expression in six cisplatin-sensitive, two cisplatin-resistant OC cell-lines, 170 OC tissue samples and 12 non-neoplastic control tissues. Pro-angiogenetic, cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of D,L-methadone were evaluated in OC cell-lines and four patient-derived tumor-spheroid models. RESULTS OPRM1 was transcriptionally expressed in 69% of OC-tissues and in three of eight OC cell-lines. D,L-methadone exposure significantly reduced cell-viability in five OC cell-lines irrespective of OPRM1 expression. D,L-methadone, applied alone or combined with cisplatin, showed no significant effects on apoptosis or VEGF secretion in cell-lines. Notably, in two of the four spheroid models, treatment with D,L-methadone significantly enhanced cell growth (by up to 121%), especially after long-term exposure. This is consistent with the observed attenuation of the inhibitory effects of cisplatin in three spheroid models when adding D,L-methadone. The effect of methadone treatment on VEGF secretion in tumor-spheroids was inconclusive. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that certain OC samples express OPRM1, which, however, is not a prerequisite for D,L-methadone function. As such, D,L-methadone may exert also detrimental effects by stimulating the growth of certain OC-cells and abrogating cisplatin's therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidelinde Fiegl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Judith Hagenbuchner
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christiana Kyvelidou
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Beata Seeber
- Department of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sieghart Sopper
- Internal Medicine V, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Irina Tsibulak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Verena Wieser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Reiser
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Julia Roessler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Kaisa Huhtinen
- Cancer Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Olli Carpén
- Cancer Research Program, Institute of Biomedicine and FICAN West Cancer Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Research Programs Unit, Genome-Scale Biology and Medicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Walther Parson
- Institute of Legal Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Forensic Science Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Susanne Sprung
- Department of Pathology, Neuropathology and Molecular Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christian Marth
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Alain G Zeimet
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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9
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Patra T, Meyer K, Ray RB, Kanda T, Ray R. Akt inhibitor augments anti-proliferative efficacy of a dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor by FOXO3a activation in p53 mutated hepatocarcinoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:1073. [PMID: 34759291 PMCID: PMC8580964 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancy-related deaths. p53 mutation in HCC associates with worse clinicopathologic features including therapeutic limitation. A combination of targeted therapy may have some advantages. Akt/mTOR signaling contributes to the regulation of cell proliferation and cell death. Akt inhibitor (AZD5363) and mTORC1/2 dual inhibitor (AZD8055) are in a clinical trial for HCC and other cancers. In this study, we examined whether these inhibitors successfully induce antiproliferative activity in p53 mutant HCC cells, and the underlying mechanisms. We observed that a combination of AZD5363 and AZD8055 treatment synergizes antiproliferative activity on p53 mutated or wild-type HCC cell lines and induces apoptotic cell death. Mechanistic insights indicate that a combination of AZD5363 and AZD8055 activated FOXO3a to induce Bim-associated apoptosis in p53 mutated HCC cells, whereas cells retaining functional p53 enhanced Bax. siRNA-mediated knock-down of Bim or Bax prevented apoptosis in inhibitor-treated cells. We further observed a combination of treatment inhibits phosphorylation of FOXO3a and protects FOXO3a from MDM2 mediated degradation by preventing the phosphorylation of Akt and SGK1. FOXO3a accumulates in the nucleus under these conditions and induces Bim transcription in p53 mutant HCC cells. Combination treatment in the HCC cells expressing wild-type p53 causes interference of FOXO3a function for direct interaction with functional p53 and unable to induce Bim-associated cell death. On the other hand, Bim-associated cell death occurs in p53 mutant cells due to uninterrupted FOXO3a function. Overall, our findings suggested that a combined regimen of dual mTORC1/2 and Akt inhibitors may be an effective therapeutic strategy for HCC patients harboring p53 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapas Patra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri, MO, USA.
| | - Keith Meyer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri, MO, USA
| | - Ratna B Ray
- Department of Pathology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, MO, USA
| | - Tatsuo Kanda
- Department of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ranjit Ray
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saint Louis University, Missouri, MO, USA. .,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Saint Louis University, Missouri, MO, USA.
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10
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Chen YH, Li CL, Chen WJ, Liu J, Wu HT. Diverse roles of FOXO family members in gastric cancer. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2021; 13:1367-1382. [PMID: 34721771 PMCID: PMC8529928 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i10.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although progress has been made in diagnosis, surgical resection, systemic chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, patients with GC still have a poor prognosis. The overall 5-year survival rate in patients with advanced GC is less than 5%. The FOXO subfamily, of the forkhead box family of transcription factors, consists of four members, FOXO1, FOXO3, FOXO4, and FOXO6. This subfamily plays an important role in many cellular processes, such as cell cycle, cell growth, apoptosis, autophagy, stress resistance, protection from aggregate toxicity, DNA repair, tumor suppression, and metabolism, in both normal tissue and malignant tumors. Various studies support a role for FOXOs as tumor suppressors based on their ability to inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis, and promote apoptosis, yet several other studies have shown that FOXOs might also promote tumor progression in certain circumstances. To elucidate the diverse roles of FOXOs in GC, this article systematically reviews the cellular functions of FOXOs in GC to determine potential therapeutic targets and treatment strategies for patients with GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Chun-Lan Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Jia Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory, Department of Physiology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong Province, China
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11
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Yuan W, Wei F, Ouyang H, Ren X, Hang J, Mo X, Liu Z. CMTM3 suppresses chordoma progress through EGFR/STAT3 regulated EMT and TP53 signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:510. [PMID: 34560882 PMCID: PMC8461898 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02159-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chordomas are rare, slow-growing and locally aggressive bone sarcomas. At present, chordomas are difficult to manage due to their high recurrence rate, metastasis tendency and poor prognosis. The underlying mechanisms of chordoma tumorigenesis and progression urgently need to be explored to find the effective therapeutic targets. Our previous data demonstrates that EGFR plays important roles in chordoma development and CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain containing (CMTM)3 suppresses gastric cancer metastasis by inhibiting the EGFR/STAT3/EMT signaling pathway. However, the roles and mechanism of CMTM3 in chordomas remain unknown. METHODS Primary chordoma tissues and the paired adjacent non-tumor tissues were collected to examine the expression of CMTM3 by western blot. The expression of CMTM3 in chordoma cell lines was tested by Real-time PCR and western blot. CCK-8 and colony forming unit assay were performed to delineate the roles of CMTM3 in cell proliferation. Wound healing and Transwell assays were performed to assess cell migration and invasion abilities. A xenograft model in NSG mice was used to elucidate the function of CMTM3 in vivo. Signaling pathways were analyzed by western blot and IHC. RNA-seq was performed to further explore the mechanism regulated by CMTM3 in chordoma cells. RESULTS CMTM3 expression was downregulated in chordoma tissues compared with paired normal tissues. CMTM3 suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion of chordoma cells in vitro and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. CMTM3 accelerated EGFR degradation, suppressed EGFR/STAT3/EMT signaling pathway, upregulated TP53 expression and enriched the TP53 signaling pathway in chordoma cells. CONCLUSIONS CMTM3 inhibited tumorigenesis and development of chordomas through activating the TP53 signaling pathway and suppressing the EGFR/STAT3 signaling pathway, which suppressed EMT progression. CMTM3 might be a potential therapeutic target for chordomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanqiong Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Hanqiang Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China.,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Hang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing, China. .,Peking University Third Hospital, Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology and Assisted Reproduction, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaoning Mo
- Department of Immunology, Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Zhongjun Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Peking University Third Hospital, 49 North Garden Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Spinal Disease, Beijing, China. .,Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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12
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Libring S, Enríquez Á, Lee H, Solorio L. In Vitro Magnetic Techniques for Investigating Cancer Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4440. [PMID: 34503250 PMCID: PMC8430481 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, there are currently around 18.1 million new cancer cases and 9.6 million cancer deaths yearly. Although cancer diagnosis and treatment has improved greatly in the past several decades, a complete understanding of the complex interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment during primary tumor growth and metastatic expansion is still lacking. Several aspects of the metastatic cascade require in vitro investigation. This is because in vitro work allows for a reduced number of variables and an ability to gather real-time data of cell responses to precise stimuli, decoupling the complex environment surrounding in vivo experimentation. Breakthroughs in our understanding of cancer biology and mechanics through in vitro assays can lead to better-designed ex vivo precision medicine platforms and clinical therapeutics. Multiple techniques have been developed to imitate cancer cells in their primary or metastatic environments, such as spheroids in suspension, microfluidic systems, 3D bioprinting, and hydrogel embedding. Recently, magnetic-based in vitro platforms have been developed to improve the reproducibility of the cell geometries created, precisely move magnetized cell aggregates or fabricated scaffolding, and incorporate static or dynamic loading into the cell or its culture environment. Here, we will review the latest magnetic techniques utilized in these in vitro environments to improve our understanding of cancer cell interactions throughout the various stages of the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Libring
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.L.); (Á.E.)
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Ángel Enríquez
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.L.); (Á.E.)
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.L.); (Á.E.)
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.L.); (Á.E.)
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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13
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Barrera G, Cucci MA, Grattarola M, Dianzani C, Muzio G, Pizzimenti S. Control of Oxidative Stress in Cancer Chemoresistance: Spotlight on Nrf2 Role. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040510. [PMID: 33805928 PMCID: PMC8064392 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance represents the main obstacle to cancer treatment with both conventional and targeted therapy. Beyond specific molecular alterations, which can lead to targeted therapy, metabolic remodeling, including the control of redox status, plays an important role in cancer cell survival following therapy. Although cancer cells generally have a high basal reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, which makes them more susceptible than normal cells to a further increase of ROS, chemoresistant cancer cells become highly adapted to intrinsic or drug-induced oxidative stress by upregulating their antioxidant systems. The antioxidant response is principally mediated by the transcription factor Nrf2, which has been considered the master regulator of antioxidant and cytoprotective genes. Nrf2 expression is often increased in several types of chemoresistant cancer cells, and its expression is mediated by diverse mechanisms. In addition to Nrf2, other transcription factors and transcriptional coactivators can participate to maintain the high antioxidant levels in chemo and radio-resistant cancer cells. The control of expression and function of these molecules has been recently deepened to identify which of these could be used as a new therapeutic target in the treatment of tumors resistant to conventional therapy. In this review, we report the more recent advances in the study of Nrf2 regulation in chemoresistant cancers and the role played by other transcription factors and transcriptional coactivators in the control of antioxidant responses in chemoresistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Barrera
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy; (M.A.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marie Angele Cucci
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy; (M.A.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Margherita Grattarola
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy; (M.A.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Department of Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 11, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Giuliana Muzio
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy; (M.A.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Stefania Pizzimenti
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Raffaello 30, 10125 Turin, Italy; (M.A.C.); (M.G.); (G.M.); (S.P.)
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14
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Guan G, He X, Chen J, Bin L, Tang X. Identifying the mechanisms underlying the protective effect of tetramethylpyrazine against cisplatin‑induced in vitro ototoxicity in HEI‑OC1 auditory cells using gene expression profiling. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:5053-5068. [PMID: 33174043 PMCID: PMC7646960 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sensorineural hearing loss is prevalent in patients receiving cisplatin therapy. Tetramethylpyrazine (Tet) and tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) have protective roles against hearing impairment or ototoxicity. The present study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying cisplatin-induced ototoxicity and the protective effect of Tet and Tan IIA against it. House Ear Institute-Organ of Corti 1 auditory cells were treated with titrating doses of Tan IIA, Tet, and cisplatin. In a cell viability assay, cisplatin, Tan IIA and Tet had IC50 values of 42.89 µM, 151.80 and 1.04×103 mg/l, respectively. Tan IIA augmented cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. However, Tet concentrations <75 mg/l attenuated cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Moreover, RNA sequencing analysis was carried out on auditory cells treated for 30 h with 30 µM cisplatin alone for 48 h or combined with 37.5 mg/l Tet for 30 h. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) induced in these conditions were identified and examined using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. Cisplatin increased the expression of genes related to the p53 and FoxO pathways, such as Fas, p21/CDKN1A, and Bcl-2 binding component 3, but decreased the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), as well as genes in the histone (Hist)1 and Hist2 clusters. Treatment with Tet downregulated FOXO3 and Bcl-2 binding component 3, and increased the expression of IGF1. Moreover, Tet upregulated genes associated with Wnt signaling, but not p53-related genes. Thus, the otoprotective properties of Tet might be mediated by activation of Wnt and IGF1 signaling, and inhibition of FoxO signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Guan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Li Bin
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xuxia Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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15
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Xiao Y, Zheng X, Li G, Zhou C, Wu C, Xu Z, Hu G, Guo X, Li L, Cao H, Latigo V, Liu P. Investigation of the effects of dichlorvos poisoning on AMPK signaling pathway in chicken brain tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 261:114109. [PMID: 32109818 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorvos is a common crop insecticide widely used by people which causes extensive and serious environmental pollution. However, it has been shown that organophosphorus poisoning causes energy metabolism and neural disorders. The overall purpose of this study was to investigate the damage to brain tissue and the changes in AMPK signaling pathway-related gene expression after dichlorvos poisoning in chickens. White-feathered broiler chickens, as the research subjects of this experiment, were divided into three groups: control group, low-dose group (77.5% dichlorvos at 1.13 mg/kg dose) and high-dose group (77.5% dichlorvos at 10.2 mg/kg dose). Clinical symptoms were observed after modeling, and an integrative analysis was conducted using HE staining microscopy, immune-histochemical microscopy, electron microscopy and PCR arrays. The results showed that the high-dose group had more obvious dyspnea, salivation, convulsion and other neurological phenomena. Pathological sections showed that nuclear disintegration of neurons was most obvious in the low-dose group, and apoptosis of brain cells was most obvious in the high-dose group, and the mitochondrial structure was destroyed in the two poisoned group, i.e. low-dose group and high-dose group. PCR arrays showed that AMPK signaling pathway was inhibited and the expressions of genes involved in energy metabolism (ACACA and PRKAA1) were significantly changed. Furthermore, genes associated with protein synthesis (EIF4EBP1) were significantly upregulated. FASN and HMGCR expressions were significantly increased. There were significant changes in the expressions of cell cycle-related genes (STK11, TP53 and FOXO3). Organophosphate poisoning can cause a lot of nuclear disintegration of brain neurons, increases cell apoptosis, disrupts the energy metabolism of mitochondrial structure, and inhibits the AMPK signaling pathway. These results provide a certain idea and basis for studying the mechanism of AMPK signaling after organophosphorus poisoning and provide a research basis for the prevention and treatment of organophosphorus poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Xiao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Department of Animal Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China
| | - Xibang Zheng
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guyue Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Changming Zhou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Cong Wu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistic, Wright State University Dayton, OH, 45435, USA
| | - Guoliang Hu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaoquan Guo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huabin Cao
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Vincent Latigo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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16
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Salcher S, Spoden G, Huber JM, Golderer G, Lindner H, Ausserlechner MJ, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Geiger K, Obexer P. Repaglinide Silences the FOXO3/Lumican Axis and Represses the Associated Metastatic Potential of Neuronal Cancer Cells. Cells 2019; 9:cells9010001. [PMID: 31861249 PMCID: PMC7017090 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor FOXO3 is associated with poor outcome in high-stage neuroblastoma (NB), as it facilitates chemoprotection and tumor angiogenesis. In other tumor entities, FOXO3 stimulates metastasis formation, one of the biggest challenges in the treatment of aggressive NB. However, the impact of FOXO3 on the metastatic potential of neuronal tumor cells remains largely unknown. In the present study, we uncover the small leucine-rich proteoglycan family member lumican (LUM) as a FOXO3-regulated gene that stimulates cellular migration in NB. By a drug-library screen we identified the small molecular weight compound repaglinide (RPG) as a putative FOXO3 inhibitor. Here, we verify that RPG binds to the FOXO3-DNA-binding-domain (DBD) and thereby silences the transcriptional activity of FOXO3. Consistent with the concept that the FOXO3/LUM axis enhances the migratory capacity of aggressive NB cells, we demonstrate that stable knockdown of LUM abrogates the FOXO3-mediated increase in cellular migration. Importantly, FOXO3 inhibition by RPG represses the binding of FOXO3 to the LUM promoter, inhibits FOXO3-mediated LUM RNA and protein expression, and efficiently abrogates FOXO3-triggered cellular “wound healing” as well as spheroid-based 3D-migration. Thus, silencing the FOXO3/LUM axis by the FDA-approved compound RPG represents a promising strategy for novel therapeutic interventions in NB and other FOXO3-dependent tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Salcher
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.S.); (G.S.); (J.M.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Gilles Spoden
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.S.); (G.S.); (J.M.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Julia M. Huber
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.S.); (G.S.); (J.M.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Georg Golderer
- Division of Biological Chemistry, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | - Herbert Lindner
- Division of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | | | | | - Kathrin Geiger
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.S.); (G.S.); (J.M.H.); (K.G.)
| | - Petra Obexer
- Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (S.S.); (G.S.); (J.M.H.); (K.G.)
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-512-504-25439
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17
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Hagenbuchner J, Obsilova V, Kaserer T, Kaiser N, Rass B, Psenakova K, Docekal V, Alblova M, Kohoutova K, Schuster D, Aneichyk T, Vesely J, Obexer P, Obsil T, Ausserlechner MJ. Modulating FOXO3 transcriptional activity by small, DBD-binding molecules. eLife 2019; 8:48876. [PMID: 31789593 PMCID: PMC6919977 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXO transcription factors are critical regulators of cell homeostasis and steer cell death, differentiation and longevity in mammalian cells. By combined pharmacophore-modeling-based in silico and fluorescence polarization-based screening we identified small molecules that physically interact with the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of FOXO3 and modulate the FOXO3 transcriptional program in human cells. The mode of interaction between compounds and the FOXO3-DBD was assessed via NMR spectroscopy and docking studies. We demonstrate that compounds S9 and its oxalate salt S9OX interfere with FOXO3 target promoter binding, gene transcription and modulate the physiologic program activated by FOXO3 in cancer cells. These small molecules prove the druggability of the FOXO-DBD and provide a structural basis for modulating these important homeostasis regulators in normal and malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Hagenbuchner
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Veronika Obsilova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Institute of Physiology, Division BIOCEV, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Teresa Kaserer
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nora Kaiser
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Bettina Rass
- Department of Pediatrics I, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katarina Psenakova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Institute of Physiology, Division BIOCEV, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Docekal
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Alblova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Institute of Physiology, Division BIOCEV, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Kohoutova
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Institute of Physiology, Division BIOCEV, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Tatsiana Aneichyk
- Division of Molecular Pathophysiology, Biocenter, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Independent Data Lab UG, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Vesely
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Obexer
- Department of Pediatrics II, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tomas Obsil
- Department of Structural Biology of Signaling Proteins, Institute of Physiology, Division BIOCEV, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.,Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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18
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A drug library screen identifies Carbenoxolone as novel FOXO inhibitor that overcomes FOXO3-mediated chemoprotection in high-stage neuroblastoma. Oncogene 2019; 39:1080-1097. [PMID: 31591479 PMCID: PMC6989399 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1044-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The transcription factor FOXO3 has been associated in different tumor entities with hallmarks of cancer, including metastasis, tumor angiogenesis, maintenance of tumor-initiating stem cells, and drug resistance. In neuroblastoma (NB), we recently demonstrated that nuclear FOXO3 promotes tumor angiogenesis in vivo and chemoresistance in vitro. Hence, inhibiting the transcriptional activity of FOXO3 is a promising therapeutic strategy. However, as no FOXO3 inhibitor is clinically available to date, we used a medium-throughput fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) screening in a drug-repositioning approach to identify compounds that bind to the FOXO3-DNA-binding-domain (DBD). Carbenoxolone (CBX), a glycyrrhetinic acid derivative, was identified as a potential FOXO3-inhibitory compound that binds to the FOXO3-DBD with a binding affinity of 19 µM. Specific interaction of CBX with the FOXO3-DBD was validated by fluorescence-based electrophoretic mobility shift assay (FAM-EMSA). CBX inhibits the transcriptional activity of FOXO3 target genes, as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), DEPP-, and BIM promoter reporter assays, and real-time RT-PCR analyses. In high-stage NB cells with functional TP53, FOXO3 triggers the expression of SESN3, which increases chemoprotection and cell survival. Importantly, FOXO3 inhibition by CBX treatment at pharmacologically relevant concentrations efficiently repressed FOXO3-mediated SESN3 expression and clonogenic survival and sensitized high-stage NB cells to chemotherapy in a 2D and 3D culture model. Thus, CBX might be a promising novel candidate for the treatment of therapy-resistant high-stage NB and other "FOXO-resistant" cancers.
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19
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Hagenbuchner J, Oberacher H, Arnhard K, Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Ausserlechner MJ. Modulation of Respiration and Mitochondrial Dynamics by SMAC-Mimetics for Combination Therapy in Chemoresistant Cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:4909-4922. [PMID: 31410190 PMCID: PMC6691393 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAP) are cell death regulators that bind caspases and interfere with apoptotic signalling via death receptors or intrinsic cell death pathways. BIRC4/XIAP is the most potent anti-apoptotic IAP-member and it physically interacts with caspases via its BIR2 and its BIR3 domain. These domains are also critical for the interaction with mitochondria-derived SMAC/Diablo and with the IAP protein survivin. Survivin is frequently overexpressed in neuroblastoma due to a gain of 17q and we have demonstrated that survivin confers resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and reprograms metabolism of neuroblastoma cells towards glycolysis. As regulator of mitochondrial fission and autophagy survivin acts at the crossroads of mitochondrial architecture, autophagy and cellular energy metabolism. Methods: We tested the effect of SMAC-mimetics on the XIAP/survivin axis as modulator of cellular metabolism analysing mitochondrial morphology, metabolic intermediates and cellular survival. Finally, the impact of the combined treatment was evaluated in a xenograft neuroblastoma mouse model assessing the therapy effect on tumour size and volume. Results: Here we demonstrated that XIAP sequesters significant amounts of survivin within the cell that can be mobilized by so called SMAC-mimetics. SMAC-mimetics are drugs that are designed to bind with high affinity to XIAP-BIR2 / BIR3 domains to release caspases and re-sensitize XIAP-overexpressing tumors for chemotherapy. However, SMAC-mimetic treatment releases also survivin from XIAP and thereby induces mitochondrial fragmentation, prevents ROS accumulation and leads to the Warburg effect, an unwanted side effect of this therapy. Importantly, cells that drift into a highly glycolytic state due to SMAC-mimetic treatment become also highly sensitive to non-genotoxic treatment with glycolysis inhibitors such as 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: A combinational therapy of non-genotoxic SMAC-mimetics and glycolysis-inhibitors overcomes IAP-mediated cell survival in cancer and provides therefore an attractive usage of SMAC-mimetics.
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Beretta GL, Corno C, Zaffaroni N, Perego P. Role of FoxO Proteins in Cellular Response to Antitumor Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11010090. [PMID: 30646603 PMCID: PMC6356788 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
FoxO proteins (FoxOs) are transcription factors with a common DNA binding domain that confers selectivity for DNA interaction. In human cells, four proteins (FoxO1, FoxO3, FoxO4 and FoxO6), with redundant activity, exhibit mainly a positive effect on genes involved in cell cycle, apoptosis regulation and drug resistance. Thus, FoxOs can affect cell response to antitumor agent treatment. Their transcriptional activity depends on post-translational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, and mono/poly-ubiquitination. Additionally, alterations in microRNA network impact on FoxO transcripts and in turn on FoxO levels. Reduced expression of FoxO1 has been associated with resistance to conventional agents (e.g., cisplatin) and with reduced efficacy of drug combinations in ovarian carcinoma cells. FoxO3 has been shown as a mediator of cisplatin toxicity in colorectal cancer. A requirement for FoxO3-induced apoptosis has been reported in cells exposed to targeted agents (e.g., gefitinib). Recently, the possibility to interfere with FoxO1 localization has been proposed as a valuable approach to improve cell sensitivity to cisplatin, because nuclear retention of FoxO1 may favor the induction of pro-apoptotic genes. This review focuses on the role of FoxOs in drug treatment response in tumor cells and discusses the impact of the expression of these transcription factors on drug resistance/sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Luca Beretta
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Cristina Corno
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Nadia Zaffaroni
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Paola Perego
- Molecular Pharmacology Unit, Department of Applied Research and Technological Development, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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aPKC controls endothelial growth by modulating c-Myc via FoxO1 DNA-binding ability. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5357. [PMID: 30559384 PMCID: PMC6297234 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07739-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Strict regulation of proliferation is vital for development, whereas unregulated cell proliferation is a fundamental characteristic of cancer. The polarity protein atypical protein kinase C lambda/iota (aPKCλ) is associated with cell proliferation through unknown mechanisms. In endothelial cells, suppression of aPKCλ impairs proliferation despite hyperactivated mitogenic signaling. Here we show that aPKCλ phosphorylates the DNA binding domain of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) transcription factor, a gatekeeper of endothelial growth. Although mitogenic signaling excludes FoxO1 from the nucleus, consequently increasing c-Myc abundance and proliferation, aPKCλ controls c-Myc expression via FoxO1/miR-34c signaling without affecting its localization. We find this pathway is strongly activated in the malignant vascular sarcoma, angiosarcoma, and aPKC inhibition reduces c-Myc expression and proliferation of angiosarcoma cells. Moreover, FoxO1 phosphorylation at Ser218 and aPKC expression correlates with poor patient prognosis. Our findings may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of malignant cancers, like angiosarcoma. The cell polarity regulator aPKC is associated with cell proliferation but the precise mechanism are unknown. Here, the authors find that aPKC lambda phosphorylates the FoxO1 transcription factor, a gatekeeper of endothelial growth, during both angiogenesis and angiosarcomas.
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Emdal KB, Pedersen AK, Bekker-Jensen DB, Lundby A, Claeys S, De Preter K, Speleman F, Francavilla C, Olsen JV. Integrated proximal proteomics reveals IRS2 as a determinant of cell survival in ALK-driven neuroblastoma. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/557/eaap9752. [PMID: 30459283 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aap9752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oncogenic anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is one of the few druggable targets in neuroblastoma, and therapy resistance to ALK-targeting tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) comprises an inevitable clinical challenge. Therefore, a better understanding of the oncogenic signaling network rewiring driven by ALK is necessary to improve and guide future therapies. Here, we performed quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics on neuroblastoma cells treated with one of three clinically relevant ALK TKIs (crizotinib, LDK378, or lorlatinib) or an experimentally used ALK TKI (TAE684) to unravel aberrant ALK signaling pathways. Our integrated proximal proteomics (IPP) strategy included multiple signaling layers, such as the ALK interactome, phosphotyrosine interactome, phosphoproteome, and proteome. We identified the signaling adaptor protein IRS2 (insulin receptor substrate 2) as a major ALK target and an ALK TKI-sensitive signaling node in neuroblastoma cells driven by oncogenic ALK. TKI treatment decreased the recruitment of IRS2 to ALK and reduced the tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS2. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated depletion of ALK or IRS2 decreased the phosphorylation of the survival-promoting kinase Akt and of a downstream target, the transcription factor FoxO3, and reduced the viability of three ALK-driven neuroblastoma cell lines. Collectively, our IPP analysis provides insight into the proximal architecture of oncogenic ALK signaling by revealing IRS2 as an adaptor protein that links ALK to neuroblastoma cell survival through the Akt-FoxO3 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina B Emdal
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biological Engineering and David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Anna-Kathrine Pedersen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dorte B Bekker-Jensen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alicia Lundby
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Shana Claeys
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katleen De Preter
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Frank Speleman
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Cancer Research Institute Ghent, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chiara Francavilla
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Division of Molecular and Cellular Functions, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Santo EE, Paik J. A splice junction-targeted CRISPR approach (spJCRISPR) reveals human FOXO3B to be a protein-coding gene. Gene 2018; 673:95-101. [PMID: 29925039 PMCID: PMC6064391 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.06.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of CRISPR technology is revolutionizing molecular approaches to the dissection of complex biological phenomena. Here we describe an alternative generally applicable implementation of the CRISPR-Cas9 system that allows for selective knockdown of extremely homologous genes. This strategy employs the lentiviral delivery of paired sgRNAs and nickase Cas9 (Cas9D10A) to achieve targeted deletion of splice junctions. This general strategy offers several advantages over standard single-guide exon-targeting CRISPR-Cas9 such as greatly reduced off-target effects, more restricted genomic editing, routine disruption of target gene mRNA expression and the ability to differentiate between closely related genes. Here we demonstrate the utility of this strategy by achieving selective knockdown of the highly homologous human genes FOXO3A and suspected pseudogene FOXO3B. We find the spJCRISPR strategy to efficiently and selectively disrupt FOXO3A and FOXO3B mRNA and protein expression; thus revealing that the human FOXO3B locus encodes a bona fide human gene. Unlike FOXO3A, we find the FOXO3B protein to be cytosolically localized in both the presence and absence of active Akt. The ability to selectively target and efficiently disrupt the expression of the closely-related FOXO3A and FOXO3B genes demonstrates the efficacy of the spJCRISPR approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan E Santo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States of America
| | - Jihye Paik
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, United States of America.
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Hou T, Li Z, Zhao Y, Zhu WG. Mechanisms controlling the anti-neoplastic functions of FoxO proteins. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 50:101-114. [PMID: 29155239 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Forkhead box O (FoxO) proteins comprise a family of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors that predominantly function as tumor suppressors. These proteins assume diverse roles in the cellular anti-neoplastic response, including regulation of apoptosis and autophagy, cancer metabolism, cell-cycle arrest, oxidative stress and the DNA damage response. More recently, FoxO proteins have been implicated in cancer immunity and cancer stem-cell (CSC) homeostasis. Interestingly, in some sporadic sub-populations, FoxO protein function may also be manipulated by factors such as β-catenin whereby they instead can facilitate cancer progression via maintenance of CSC properties or promoting drug resistance or metastasis and invasion. This review highlights the essential biological functions of FoxOs and explores the areas that may be exploited in FoxO protein signaling pathways in the development of novel cancer therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyun Hou
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhiming Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Guo Zhu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Genome Stability and Human Disease Prevention, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Beijing Key Laboratory of Protein Posttranslational Modifications and Cell Function, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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