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Kim JY, Hwang HG, Jeon HJ, Kim SI, Kim MK, Kim JY. ARHGEF5 binds Drebrin and affects α-tubulin acetylation to direct neuronal morphogenesis and migration during mouse brain development. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1421932. [PMID: 38932934 PMCID: PMC11199874 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1421932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Rho GEFs) activate Rho GTPases, which act as molecular switches regulating various essential cellular functions. This study investigated the role of ARHGEF5, a Rho GEF known for its involvement in cell migration and invasion processes, in the context of brain development. We found that ARHGEF5 is essential for dendrite development during the early stages of neuronal growth. We also discovered that ARHGEF5 binds to Drebrin E, which is vital for coordinating actin and microtubule dynamics, and facilitates the interaction between Drebrin E and Cyclin-dependent kinase 5, which phosphorylates Drebrin E. Notably, ARHGEF5 deficiency resulted in a decrease in acetylated α-tubulin levels, and the expression of an α-tubulin acetylation mimetic mutant (K40Q) rescued the defects in dendrite development and neuronal migration, suggesting ARHGEF5's role in modulating microtubule stability. Additionally, ARHGEF5 was shown to influence Golgi positioning in the leading processes of migrating cortical neurons during brain development. Our study suggests that ARHGEF5 plays a crucial role in integrating cytoskeletal dynamics with neuronal morphogenesis and migration processes during brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-ye Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Gon Hwang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Jeon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Digital Omics Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-kyu Kim
- Divison of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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2
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Juan-Guadarrama DG, Beltrán-Navarro YM, Reyes-Cruz G, Vázquez-Prado J. Ephexin3/ARHGEF5 Together with Cell Migration Signaling Partners within the Tumor Microenvironment Define Prognostic Transcriptional Signatures in Multiple Cancer Types. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16427. [PMID: 38003617 PMCID: PMC10671824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cell migration involves a repertoire of signaling proteins that lead cytoskeleton reorganization as a critical step in metastatic dissemination. RhoGEFs are multidomain effectors that integrate signaling inputs to activate the molecular switches that orchestrate actin cytoskeleton reorganization. Ephexins, a group of five RhoGEFs, play oncogenic roles in invasive and metastatic cancer, leading to a mechanistic hypothesis about their function as signaling nodes assembling functional complexes that guide cancer cell migration. To identify clinically significant Ephexin signaling partners, we applied three systematic data mining strategies, based on the screening of essential Ephexins in multiple cancer cell lines and the identification of coexpressed signaling partners in the TCGA cancer patient datasets. Based on the domain architecture of encoded proteins and gene ontology criteria, we selected Ephexin signaling partners with a role in cytoskeletal reorganization and cell migration. We focused on Ephexin3/ARHGEF5, identified as an essential gene in multiple cancer cell types. Based on significant coexpression data and coessentiality, the signaling repertoire that accompanies Ephexin3 corresponded to three groups: pan-cancer, cancer-specific and coessential. To further select the Ephexin3 signaling partners likely to be relevant in clinical settings, we first identified those whose high expression was statistical linked to shorter patient survival. The resulting Ephexin3 transcriptional signatures represent significant accumulated risk, predictive of shorter survival, in 17 cancer types, including PAAD, LUAD, LGG, OSC, AML, KIRC, THYM, BLCA, LIHC and UCEC. The signaling landscape that accompanies Ephexin3 in various cancer types included the tyrosine kinase receptor MET and the tyrosine phosphatase receptor PTPRF, the serine/threonine kinases MARK2 and PAK6, the Rho GTPases RHOD, RHOF and RAC1, and the cytoskeletal regulator DIAHP1. Our findings set the basis to further explore the role of Ephexin3/ARHGEF5 as an essential effector and signaling hub in cancer cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dante Gustavo Juan-Guadarrama
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Yarely Mabell Beltrán-Navarro
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Reyes-Cruz
- Department of Cell Biology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - José Vázquez-Prado
- Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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3
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Liu D, Zhang C, Zhang J, Xu GT, Zhang J. Molecular pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis in neovascular AMD focusing on epithelial-mesenchymal transformation of retinal pigment epithelium. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 185:106250. [PMID: 37536385 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss among elderly people in developed countries. Neovascular AMD (nAMD) accounts for more than 90% of AMD-related vision loss. At present, intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) is widely used as the first-line therapy to decrease the choroidal and retinal neovascularizations, and thus to improve or maintain the visual acuity of the patients with nAMD. However, about 1/3 patients still progress to irreversible visual impairment due to subretinal fibrosis even with adequate anti-VEGF treatment. Extensive literatures support the critical role of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis in nAMD, but the underlying mechanisms still remain largely unknown. This review summarized the molecular pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis in nAMD, especially focusing on the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced EMT pathways. It was also discussed how these pathways crosstalk and respond to signals from the microenvironment to mediate EMT and contribute to the progression of nAMD-related subretinal fibrosis. Targeting EMT signaling pathways might provide a promising and effective therapeutic strategy to treat subretinal fibrosis secondary to nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical and Visual Sciences of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaoyang Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingting Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Tongji Hospital and Laboratory of Clinical and Visual Sciences of Tongji Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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4
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Xu T, Zhao J, Xiong M. Graphical Learning and Causal Inference for Drug Repurposing. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.07.29.23293346. [PMID: 37577650 PMCID: PMC10418581 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.29.23293346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Gene expression profiles that connect drug perturbations, disease gene expression signatures, and clinical data are important for discovering potential drug repurposing indications. However, the current approach to gene expression reversal has several limitations. First, most methods focus on validating the reversal expression of individual genes. Second, there is a lack of causal approaches for identifying drug repurposing candidates. Third, few methods for passing and summarizing information on a graph have been used for drug repurposing analysis, with classical network propagation and gene set enrichment analysis being the most common. Fourth, there is a lack of graph-valued association analysis, with current approaches using real-valued association analysis one gene at a time to reverse abnormal gene expressions to normal gene expressions. To overcome these limitations, we propose a novel causal inference and graph neural network (GNN)-based framework for identifying drug repurposing candidates. We formulated a causal network as a continuous constrained optimization problem and developed a new algorithm for reconstructing large-scale causal networks of up to 1,000 nodes. We conducted large-scale simulations that demonstrated good false positive and false negative rates. To aggregate and summarize information on both nodes and structure from the spatial domain of the causal network, we used directed acyclic graph neural networks (DAGNN). We also developed a new method for graph regression in which both dependent and independent variables are graphs. We used graph regression to measure the degree to which drugs reverse altered gene expressions of disease to normal levels and to select potential drug repurposing candidates. To illustrate the application of our proposed methods for drug repurposing, we applied them to phase I and II L1000 connectivity map perturbational profiles from the Broad Institute LINCS, which consist of gene-expression profiles for thousands of perturbagens at a variety of time points, doses, and cell lines, as well as disease gene expression data under-expressed and over-expressed in response to SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Momiao Xiong
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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5
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Noshita S, Kubo Y, Kajiwara K, Okuzaki D, Nada S, Okada M. A TGF-β-responsive enhancer regulates SRC expression and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated cell migration. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261001. [PMID: 37439249 PMCID: PMC10445741 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC is overexpressed and/or hyperactivated in various human cancers, and facilitates cancer progression by promoting invasion and metastasis. However, the mechanisms underlying SRC upregulation are poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces SRC expression at the transcriptional level by activating an intragenic the SRC enhancer. In the human breast epithelial cell line MCF10A, TGF-β1 stimulation upregulated one of the SRC promotors, the 1A promoter, resulting in increased SRC mRNA and protein levels. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing analysis revealed that the SMAD complex is recruited to three enhancer regions ∼15 kb upstream and downstream of the SRC promoter, and one of them is capable of activating the SRC promoter in response to TGF-β. JUN, a member of the activator protein (AP)-1 family, localises to the enhancer and regulates TGF-β-induced SRC expression. Furthermore, TGF-β-induced SRC upregulation plays a crucial role in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated cell migration by activating the SRC-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) circuit. Overall, these results suggest that TGF-β-induced SRC upregulation promotes cancer cell invasion and metastasis in a subset of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soshi Noshita
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuki Kubo
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kajiwara
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Human Immunology lab, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nada
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Department of Oncogene Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory of Oncogene research, World Premier International Immunology Frontier Research Centre, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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6
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Rai SK, Singh D, Sarangi PP. Role of RhoG as a regulator of cellular functions: integrating insights on immune cell activation, migration, and functions. Inflamm Res 2023:10.1007/s00011-023-01761-9. [PMID: 37378671 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01761-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND RhoG is a multifaceted member of the Rho family of small GTPases, sharing the highest sequence identity with the Rac subfamily members. It acts as a molecular switch, when activated, plays a central role in regulating the fundamental processes in immune cells, such as actin-cytoskeleton dynamics, transendothelial migration, survival, and proliferation, including immunological functions (e.g., phagocytosis and trogocytosis) during inflammatory responses. METHOD We have performed a literature review based on published original and review articles encompassing the significant effect of RhoG on immune cell functions from central databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Recently published data shows that the dynamic expression of different transcription factors, non-coding RNAs, and the spatiotemporal coordination of different GEFs with their downstream effector molecules regulates the cascade of Rho signaling in immune cells. Additionally, alterations in RhoG-specific signaling can lead to physiological, pathological, and developmental adversities. Several mutations and RhoG-modulating factors are also known to pre-dispose the downstream signaling with abnormal gene expression linked to multiple diseases. This review focuses on the cellular functions of RhoG, interconnecting different signaling pathways, and speculates the importance of this small GTPase as a prospective target against several pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Kumar Rai
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Divya Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India
| | - Pranita P Sarangi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, 247667, India.
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7
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Flores-Chova A, Martinez-Arroyo O, Riffo-Campos AL, Ortega A, Forner MJ, Cortes R. Plasma Exosomal Non-Coding RNA Profile Associated with Renal Damage Reveals Potential Therapeutic Targets in Lupus Nephritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087088. [PMID: 37108249 PMCID: PMC10139178 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in our understanding of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathophysiology, patient diagnosis is often deficient and late, and this has an impact on disease progression. The aim of this study was to analyze non-coding RNA (ncRNA) packaged into exosomes by next-generation sequencing to assess the molecular profile associated with renal damage, one of the most serious complications of SLE, to identify new potential targets to improve disease diagnosis and management using Gene Ontology (GO) and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. The plasma exosomes had a specific ncRNA profile associated with lupus nephritis (LN). The three ncRNA types with the highest number of differentially expressed transcripts were microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). We identified an exosomal 29-ncRNA molecular signature, of which 15 were associated only with LN presence; piRNAs were the most representative, followed by lncRNAs and miRNAs. The transcriptional regulatory network showed a significant role for four lncRNAs (LINC01015, LINC01986, AC087257.1 and AC022596.1) and two miRNAs (miR-16-5p and miR-101-3p) in network organization, targeting critical pathways implicated in inflammation, fibrosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and actin cytoskeleton. From these, a handful of potential targets, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily binding proteins (activin-A, TGFB receptors, etc.), WNT/β-catenin and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) have been identified for use as therapeutic targets of renal damage in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Flores-Chova
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Olga Martinez-Arroyo
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Angela L Riffo-Campos
- Millennium Nucleus on Sociomedicine (SocioMed) and Universidad de La Frontera, Doctorado en Ciencias Medicas, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Department of Computer Science, ETSE, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Ortega
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERCV (CIBER of Cardiovascular Diseases), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria J Forner
- Internal Medicine Unit, Hospital Clinico Universitario, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Raquel Cortes
- Cardiometabolic and Renal Risk Research Group, INCLIVA Biomedical Research Institute, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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8
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Erb A, Zissler UM, Oelsner M, Chaker AM, Schmidt-Weber CB, Jakwerth CA. Genome-Wide Gene Expression Analysis Reveals Unique Genes Signatures of Epithelial Reorganization in Primary Airway Epithelium Induced by Type-I, -II and -III Interferons. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:929. [PMID: 36354438 PMCID: PMC9688329 DOI: 10.3390/bios12110929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors such as toll-like receptors (TLR) induce the expression of interferons (IFNs) after viral infection that are critical to the first step in cell-intrinsic host defense mechanisms. Their differential influence on epithelial integrity genes, however, remains elusive. A genome-wide gene expression biosensor chip for gene expression sensing was used to examine the effects of type-I, -II, and -III IFN stimulation on the epithelial expression profiles of primary organotypic 3D air-liquid interface airway cultures. All types of IFNs induced similar interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs): OAS1, OAS2, and IFIT2. However, they differentially induced transcription factors, epithelial modulators, and pro-inflammatory genes. Type-I IFN-induced genes were associated with cell-cell adhesion and tight junctions, while type-III IFNs promoted genes important for transepithelial transport. In contrast, type-II IFN stimulated proliferation-triggering genes associated and enhanced pro-inflammatory mediator secretion. In conclusion, with our microarray system, we provide evidence that the three IFN types exceed their antiviral ISG-response by inducing distinct remodeling processes, thereby likely strengthening the epithelial airway barrier by enhancing cross-cell-integrity (I), transepithelial transport (III) and finally reconstruction through proliferation (II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Erb
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, 85746 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrich M. Zissler
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, 85746 Munich, Germany
| | - Madlen Oelsner
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, 85746 Munich, Germany
| | - Adam M. Chaker
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, 85746 Munich, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Medical School, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, 85746 Munich, Germany
| | - Constanze A. Jakwerth
- Center of Allergy & Environment (ZAUM), Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), CPC-M, Member of the Helmholtz I&I Initiative, 85746 Munich, Germany
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9
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ARHGEF3 regulates the stability of ACLY to promote the proliferation of lung cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:870. [PMID: 36241648 PMCID: PMC9568610 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Rho GTPases play an essential role in many cellular processes, including cell cycle progress, cell motility, invasion, migration, and transformation. Several studies indicated that the dysregulation of Rho GTPase signaling is closely related to tumorigenesis. Rho GEFs considered being positive regulators of Rho GTPase, promoting the dissociation of Rho protein from GDP and binding to GTP, thus activating the downstream signaling pathway. Herein, we demonstrated that ARHGEF3, a member of the Rho GEFs family, played an important role in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We found that ARHGEF3 was highly expressed in non-small cell lung cancer and facilitated cancer cell proliferation of NSCLC cells in vitro and in vivo. Further studies demonstrated that ARHGEF3 enhanced the protein homeostasis of ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) by reducing its acetylation on Lys17 and Lys86, leading to the dissociation between ACLY and its E3 ligase-NEDD4. Interestingly, this function of ARHGEF3 on the protein homeostasis of ACLY was independent of its GEF activity. Taken together, our findings uncover a novel function of ARHGEF3, suggesting that ARHGEF3 is a promising therapeutic target in non-small cell lung cancer.
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10
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Pan C, Yang C, Wang S, Ma Y. Identifying Key Genes and Functionally Enriched Pathways of Diverse Adipose Tissue Types in Cattle. Front Genet 2022; 13:790690. [PMID: 35237299 PMCID: PMC8884536 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.790690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fat is a tissue that not just stores energy and plays a protective role; it is also a vital endocrine organ that generates and integrates signals to influence metabolism. Meanwhile, the excessive accumulation of lipids in adipose tissue can lead to metabolic disturbance and diseases. To date, the complicated molecular mechanisms of bovine adipose tissue are still unknown. This study aimed to identify key genes and functionally enriched pathways in various adipose tissue types. Results: The RNAseq data of 264 samples were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and analyzed by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). We identified 19 modules that significantly associated with at least one adipose tissue type. The brown module from GSE39618 was most closely associated with intramuscular fat tissue, which contained 550 genes. These genes were significantly enriched in pathways that related to inflammation and disease, such as TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway, and NF-kappa B signaling pathway. The pink module (GSE39618) that contained 58 genes was most closely associated with omental fat tissue. The turquoise (GSE39618), blue (GSE116775), and yellow (GSE65125) module were most closely associated with subcutaneous fat tissue. Genes in these modules were significantly enriched in pathways related to fat metabolism, such as the PPAR signaling pathway, fatty acid metabolism and PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. At last, key genes for intramuscular fat (PTGS2 and IL6), omental fat (ARHGEF5 and WT1), and subcutaneous fat (KIT, QR6Q1, PKD2L1, etc.) were obtained and verified. In addition, it was found that IL10 and VCAM1 might be potential genes to distinguish adipose and muscle. Conclusion: The study applied WGCNA to generate a landscape of adipose tissue and provide a basis for identifying potential pathways and hub genes of different adipose tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuili Pan
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Chaoyun Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Shuzhe Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yun Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Molecular and Cellular Breeding, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Yun Ma,
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11
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García-Jiménez I, Cervantes-Villagrana RD, Del-Río-Robles JE, Castillo-Kauil A, Beltrán-Navarro YM, García-Román J, Reyes-Cruz G, Vázquez-Prado J. Gβγ mediates activation of Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor ARHGEF17 that promotes metastatic lung cancer progression. J Biol Chem 2021; 298:101440. [PMID: 34808208 PMCID: PMC8703085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic lung cancer is a major cause of death worldwide. Dissemination of cancer cells can be facilitated by various agonists within the tumor microenvironment, including by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). We postulate that Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factors (RhoGEFs), which integrate signaling cues driving cell migration, are critical effectors in metastatic cancer. Specifically, we addressed the hypothetical role of ARHGEF17, a RhoGEF, as a potential effector of Gβγ in metastatic lung cancer cells responding to LPA. Here, we show that ARHGEF17, originally identified as a tumor endothelial marker, is involved in tumor growth and metastatic dissemination of lung cancer cells in an immunocompetent murine model. Gene expression–based analysis of lung cancer datasets showed that increased levels of ARHGEF17 correlated with reduced survival of patients with advanced-stage tumors. Cellular assays also revealed that this RhoGEF participates in the invasive and migratory responses elicited by Gi protein–coupled LPA receptors via the Gβγ subunit complex. We demonstrate that this signaling heterodimer promoted ARHGEF17 recruitment to the cell periphery and actin fibers. Moreover, Gβγ allosterically activates ARHGEF17 by the removal of inhibitory intramolecular restrictions. Taken together, our results indicate that ARHGEF17 may be a valid potential target in the treatment of metastatic lung cancer.
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12
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Wang DW, Tang JY, Zhang GQ, Chang XT. ARHGEF10L expression regulates cell proliferation and migration in gastric tumorigenesis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:1362-1372. [PMID: 32154766 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1737503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 10-like protein (ARHGEF10L) activated Rho GTPases as guanine nucleotide exchange factor to stimulate liver tumorigenesis. The present study continued to explore the effect of ARHGEF10L on the tumorigenic process of gastric cancer. This study detected increased expression of ARHGEF10L in GC tissues compared to peritumoral tissue samples. SGC7901 cells with ARHGEF10L overexpression showed increased cell proliferation, cell migration, and tube-like structure formation abilities, as well as increased expression of GTP-RhoA, ROCK1, and phospho-Ezrin/Radixin/Moesin. ARHGEF10L overexpression downregulated the expression of E-cadherin and upregulated the expression of N-cadherin and Slug, indicating an activation of EMT in the transfected cells. RNA-sequencing assay detected an increased expression of Heat shock 70 kDa protein 6 in the SGC7901 cells overexpressing ARHGEF10L. The above results suggest that ARHGEF10L expression can stimulate gastric tumorigenesis by prompting RhoA-ROCK1-phospho-ERM signaling, inducing EMT and increasing HSPA6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Yi Tang
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Qing Zhang
- Medical Research Center, Qingdao University , Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Tian Chang
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University , Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China.,Medical Research Center, Qingdao University , Qingdao, Shandong, P. R. China
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13
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Gao J, Jia WD. Expression of Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor 39 (ARHGEF39) and Its Prognostic Significance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:7826-7835. [PMID: 31626606 PMCID: PMC6820342 DOI: 10.12659/msm.918270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have reported that ARHGEF39 might be frequently upregulated in different cancer types and relevant to cancer progression. However, the expression pattern and clinicopathological features of ARHGEF39 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) needs further exploration. MATERIAL AND METHODS ARHGEF39 expression level of HCC in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset was analyzed. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry were employed to determine ARHGEF39 mRNA and protein levels in our own study collected HCC tissues and matched non-cancerous tissues. Moreover, the association of ARHGEF39 expression with the clinicopathological factors and prognosis of HCC were investigated. RESULTS The level of ARHGEF39 in HCC tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues (P<0.05) from TCGA database. High level of ARHGEF39 was a significant prognostic factor of poor overall survival (OS) (TCGA, P=0.006). Consistently, the expression levels of ARHGEF39 mRNA and protein in HCC specimens were significantly higher than those in adjacent liver specimens (P<0.05) from our cohort. Further analysis revealed that high ARHGEF39 level was significantly associated with poor OS (P<0.001) and short disease-free survival (DFS) (P<0.001). Cox multivariate analysis indicated that ARHGEF39 was an independent, unfavorable prognostic factor (P=0.000) of OS and DFS. CONCLUSIONS ARHGEF39 might act as an oncogene in the progression of HCC and might serve as a promising potential prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Gao
- Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
| | - Wei-Dong Jia
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China (mainland)
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14
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Induction of Acquired Resistance towards EGFR Inhibitor Gefitinib in a Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Subsequent Molecular Characterization. Cells 2019; 8:cells8070740. [PMID: 31323891 PMCID: PMC6678194 DOI: 10.3390/cells8070740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In up to 30% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, the oncogenic driver of tumor growth is a constitutively activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Although these patients gain great benefit from treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the development of resistance is inevitable. To model the emergence of drug resistance, an EGFR-driven, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) NSCLC model was treated continuously with Gefitinib in vivo. Over a period of more than three months, three separate clones developed and were subsequently analyzed: Whole exome sequencing and reverse phase protein arrays (RPPAs) were performed to identify the mechanism of resistance. In total, 13 genes were identified, which were mutated in all three resistant lines. Amongst them the mutations in NOMO2, ARHGEF5 and SMTNL2 were predicted as deleterious. The 53 mutated genes specific for at least two of the resistant lines were mainly involved in cell cycle activities or the Fanconi anemia pathway. On a protein level, total EGFR, total Axl, phospho-NFκB, and phospho-Stat1 were upregulated. Stat1, Stat3, MEK1/2, and NFκB displayed enhanced activation in the resistant clones determined by the phosphorylated vs. total protein ratio. In summary, we developed an NSCLC PDX line modelling possible escape mechanism under EGFR treatment. We identified three genes that have not been described before to be involved in an acquired EGFR resistance. Further functional studies are needed to decipher the underlying pathway regulation.
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15
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Emerging Roles of Ephexins in Physiology and Disease. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020087. [PMID: 30682817 PMCID: PMC6406967 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Dbl (B-cell lymphoma)-related guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), the largest family of GEFs, are directly responsible for the activation of Rho family GTPases and essential for a number of cellular events such as proliferation, differentiation and movement. The members of the Ephexin (Eph-interacting exchange protein) family, a subgroup of Dbl GEFs, initially were named for their interaction with Eph receptors and sequence homology with Ephexin1. Although the first Ephexin was identified about two decades ago, their functions in physiological and pathological contexts and regulatory mechanisms remained elusive until recently. Ephexins are now considered as GEFs that can activate Rho GTPases such as RhoA, Rac, Cdc42, and RhoG. Moreover, Ephexins have been shown to have pivotal roles in neural development, tumorigenesis, and efferocytosis. In this review, we discuss the known and proposed functions of Ephexins in physiological and pathological contexts, as well as their regulatory mechanisms.
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16
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Jing T, Wang F, Qi F, Wang Z. Insect anal droplets contain diverse proteins related to gut homeostasis. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:784. [PMID: 30376807 PMCID: PMC6208037 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5182-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insects share similar fundamental molecular principles with mammals in innate immunity. For modulating normal gut microbiota, insects produce phenoloxidase (PO), which is absent in all vertebrates, and reactive nitrogen species (ROS) and antimicrobial proteins (AMPs). However, reports on insect gut phagocytosis are very few. Furthermore, most previous studies measure gene expression at the transcription level. In this study, we provided proteomic evidence on gut modulation of normal microorganisms by investigating the anal droplets from a weevil, Cryptorhynchus lapathi. RESULTS The results showed that the anal droplets contained diverse proteins related to physical barriers, epithelium renewal, pattern recognition, phenoloxidase activation, oxidative defense and phagocytosis, but AMPs were not detected. According to annotations, Scarb1, integrin βν, Dscam, spondin or Thbs2s might mediate phagocytosis. As a possible integrin βν pathway, βν activates Rho by an unknown mechanism, and Rho induces accumulation of mDia, which then promotes actin polymerization. CONCLUSIONS Our results well demonstrated that insect anal droplets can be used as materials to investigate the defense of a host to gut microorganisms and supported to the hypothesis that gut phagocytosis occurs in insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianzhong Jing
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Fuxiao Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Fenghui Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhiying Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
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17
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GRP75 modulates oncogenic Dbl-driven endocytosis derailed via the CHIP-mediated ubiquitin degradation pathway. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:971. [PMID: 30250167 PMCID: PMC6155137 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1039-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chaperone-assisted proteasome degradation of oncogenic protein acts as an upstream signal controlling tumorigenesis and progression. The understanding of the co-regulation of chaperone and oncoprotein of endocytosis pathways is extremely limited. In this study, we showed for the first time that proto-Dbl (dbl proto-oncogene product) is co-enriched with mitochondrial chaperone GRP75 in endocytosis vesicles from ovarian cancer cells. onco-Dbl, produced by oncogenic mutation/degradation of proto-Dbl, markedly enhanced cellular macropinocytosis but suppressed clathrin-mediated endocytosis and clathrin-independent endocytosis pathways, presenting a derailed endocytosis phenotype. GRP75 was associated with proto-Dbl inside cells and modulated Dbl-driven endocytosis derailed by a co-regulatory mode. In spite of not being a component of the Hsc70/Hsp90/proto-Dbl complex, the degradation of proto-Dbl was promoted by GRP75 through the CHIP-mediated ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, of which GRP75 acts as a cooperator with CHIP but also acts as a competitor to Hsc70 and Hsp90 in the multiple chaperones-assisted pro-folding/pro-degradation machinery. Knockdown or inhibition of GRP75 attenuated proto-Dbl degradation and reduced the onco-Dbl level, which differentially impaired Rho GTPases activation and therefore shifted the endocytosis-derailed phenotype. Our data uncovered a novel GRP75-Dbl endocytosis regulatory axis and provided an alternative using chaperone inhibitor to shut down the oncoprotein-driven endocytosis derailment mechanism.
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18
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Yan Q, Wang X, Zha M, Yu M, Sheng M, Yu J. The RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway affects the development of diabetic nephropathy resulting from the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:4296-4304. [PMID: 31949826 PMCID: PMC6962964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of type 2 diabetes and is related to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. In this study, we aimed to find whether the RhoA/ROCK pathway affects the development of diabetic nephropathy caused by the epithelial to mesenchymal transition both in vivo and in vitro. The results show that inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway improved the pathology and degree of fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy as determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining. We also found, using immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, that a RhoA/Rock inhibitor regulated relative protein and gene expression levels in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the inhibitor improved fibrosis induced by high levels of glucose in HK-2 cells by suppressing E-cadherin, α-SMA, and FSP-1 expression. In conclusion, the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy and could be a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianhua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Min Zha
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Manshu Yu
- Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Meixiao Sheng
- Department of Nephropathy, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Jiangyi Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
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19
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Tsukamoto T, Kajiwara K, Nada S, Okada M. Src mediates TGF‐β‐induced intraocular pressure elevation in glaucoma. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:1730-1744. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teruhisa Tsukamoto
- Department of Oncogene Research Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University Osaka Japan
- New Drug Research Division Ako Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Ako Japan
| | - Kentaro Kajiwara
- Department of Oncogene Research Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University Osaka Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nada
- Department of Oncogene Research Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University Osaka Japan
| | - Masato Okada
- Department of Oncogene Research Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University Osaka Japan
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20
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Xu Y, Liu X, Zhang H, Zhu Z, Wu X, Wu X, Li S, Song L, Xu X. Overexpression of HES6 has prognostic value and promotes metastasis via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in colorectal cancer. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:1261-1274. [PMID: 30015909 PMCID: PMC6072391 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
HES6 is a member of the hairy-enhancer of the split homolog family, which has been implicated in oncogenesis and cancer progression in a variety of human cancers, including prostate and breast cancer. However, its clinical significance and biological role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. In the present study, the expression of HES6 was significantly upregulated in CRC cell lines and CRC tissues at both the mRNA and protein levels. The present study also reported high expression of HES6 in 138/213 (64.8%) paraffin-embedded archived CRC specimens. HES6 expression was significantly correlated with T classification (P<0.001), N classification (P=0.020), and distant metastasis (P<0.001). Patients with higher HES6 expression levels exhibited a reduced overall survival (P<0.001). In addition, a multivariate analysis revealed that the expression of HES6 may be a novel prognostic marker for the survival of patients with CRC. Furthermore, the present study demonstrated that ectopic expression of HES6 enhanced the migration and invasive abilities of CRC cells. These abilities were significantly inhibited upon knockdown of endogenous HES6 expression by specific short hairpin RNAs. Additionally, the present study reported that the effects of HES6 on metastasis may be associated with the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Collectively, the findings of the present study revealed that overexpression of HES6 played a key role in the progression of CRC, leading to a poor prognosis and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuandong Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Xuejuan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Huizhong Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Ziyuan Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Xianqiu Wu
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xiaobing Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Shuling Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
| | - Libing Song
- Department of Experimental Research, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xuehu Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
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21
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Jung K, Kang H, Mehra R. Targeting phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). CANCERS OF THE HEAD & NECK 2018; 3:3. [PMID: 31093356 PMCID: PMC6460806 DOI: 10.1186/s41199-018-0030-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been changing rapidly due to growing proportion of HPV-related disease and development of new therapeutic agents. At the same time, there has been a constant need for individually tailored treatment based on genetic biomarkers in order to optimize patient survival and alleviate treatment-related toxicities. In this regard, aberrations of PI3K pathway have important clinical implications in the treatment of HNSCC. They frequently constitute ‘gain of function’ mutations which trigger oncogenesis, and PI3K mutations can also lead to emergence of drug resistance after treatment with EGFR inhibitors. In this article, we review PI3K pathway as a target of treatment for HNSCC and summarize PI3K/mTOR inhibitors that are currently under clinical trials. In light of recent advancement of immune checkpoint inhibitors, consideration of PI3K inhibitors as potential immune modulators is also suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsuk Jung
- 1Department of Medicine, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Ave, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Hyunseok Kang
- 2Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 201 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ranee Mehra
- 2Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 201 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD USA
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22
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Beigbeder A, Chartier FJM, Bisson N. MPZL1 forms a signalling complex with GRB2 adaptor and PTPN11 phosphatase in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11514. [PMID: 28912526 PMCID: PMC5599542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11876-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2/ErbB2 is overexpressed in a significant fraction of breast tumours and is associated with a poor prognosis. The adaptor protein GRB2 interacts directly with activated HER2 and is sufficient to transmit oncogenic signals. However, the consequence of HER2 activation on global GRB2 signalling networks is poorly characterized. We performed GRB2 affinity purification combined with mass spectrometry analysis of associated proteins in a HER2+ breast cancer model to delineate GRB2-nucleated protein interaction networks. We report the identification of the transmembrane protein MPZL1 as a new GRB2-associated protein. Our data show that the PTPN11 tyrosine phosphatase acts as a scaffold to bridge the association between GRB2 and MPZL1 in a phosphotyrosine-dependent manner. We further demonstrate that the formation of this MPZL1-PTPN11-GRB2 complex is triggered by cell attachment to fibronectin. Thus, our data support the importance of this new signalling complex in the control of cell adhesion of HER2+ breast cancer cells, a key feature of the metastatic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Beigbeder
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- PROTEO-Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - François J M Chartier
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
- PROTEO-Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bisson
- Centre de recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Université Laval, Axe Oncologie, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.
- Centre de recherche sur le cancer de l'Université Laval, Québec, QC G1R 3S3, Canada.
- PROTEO-Quebec Network for Research on Protein Function, Engineering, and Applications, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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23
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Bjørklund SS, Panda A, Kumar S, Seiler M, Robinson D, Gheeya J, Yao M, Alnæs GIG, Toppmeyer D, Riis M, Naume B, Børresen-Dale AL, Kristensen VN, Ganesan S, Bhanot G. Widespread alternative exon usage in clinically distinct subtypes of Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5568. [PMID: 28717182 PMCID: PMC5514065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05537-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells can have different patterns of exon usage of individual genes when compared to normal tissue, suggesting that alternative splicing may play a role in shaping the tumor phenotype. The discovery and identification of gene variants has increased dramatically with the introduction of RNA-sequencing technology, which enables whole transcriptome analysis of known, as well as novel isoforms. Here we report alternative splicing and transcriptional events among subtypes of invasive ductal carcinoma in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Breast Invasive Carcinoma (BRCA) cohort. Alternative exon usage was widespread, and although common events were shared among three subtypes, ER+ HER2−, ER− HER2−, and HER2+, many events on the exon level were subtype specific. Additional RNA-seq analysis was carried out in an independent cohort of 43 ER+ HER2− and ER− HER2− primary breast tumors, confirming many of the exon events identified in the TCGA cohort. Alternative splicing and transcriptional events detected in five genes, MYO6, EPB41L1, TPD52, IQCG, and ACOX2 were validated by qRT-PCR in a third cohort of 40 ER+ HER2− and ER− HER2− patients, showing that these events were truly subtype specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunniva Stordal Bjørklund
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, OUS Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, 0310, Norway.,The K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anshuman Panda
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, OUS Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, 0310, Norway.,The K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Molecular Biology and Laboratory Science (EpiGen), Akershus University hospital, Division of Medicine, 1476, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Michael Seiler
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.,BioMaPS Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Doug Robinson
- BioMaPS Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Jinesh Gheeya
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Ming Yao
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Grethe I Grenaker Alnæs
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, OUS Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, 0310, Norway
| | - Deborah Toppmeyer
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA
| | - Margit Riis
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology and Laboratory Science (EpiGen), Akershus University hospital, Division of Medicine, 1476, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, 1478, Lørenskog, Norway.,Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, 0450, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bjørn Naume
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anne-Lise Børresen-Dale
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, OUS Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, 0310, Norway.,The K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway
| | - Vessela N Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, OUS Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, 0310, Norway.,The K.G. Jebsen Center for Breast Cancer Research, Institute for Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O box 1171, Blindern, 0318, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Clinical Molecular Biology and Laboratory Science (EpiGen), Akershus University hospital, Division of Medicine, 1476, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Shridar Ganesan
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
| | - Gyan Bhanot
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA. .,Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA. .,Department of Molecular Biology & Biochemistry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
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