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Ndjembidouma BCM, James LG, Meye PO, Loembamouandza SY, Belembaogo E, Ben-Bolie GH. Assessment of rectal toxicities after radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: experience of the Akanda Cancer Institute in Gabon. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2023; 28:636-645. [PMID: 38179290 PMCID: PMC10764052 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.97507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose was to evaluate the incidence of acute and late rectal toxicities and their correlation with the clinical and dosimetric parameters of patients who underwent curative radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer at the Akanda Cancer Institute, Gabon. Materials and methods Between 2013 and 2021, a cohort of 46 patients with clinically localized stage cT1c-T4 prostate cancer was treated with three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT) at the national cancer institute with doses ranging from 66 to 80 Gy. Post-radiation gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities were classified and graded according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events CTCAE v4.0. Results In our study, 17.4% (8/46) developed acute GI. Grades 1 and 3 acute GI complications were seen in 13.0% (6/46) and 4.3% (2/46), respectively. No patient developed acute grade 2 or grade higher than 3 complications. Late GI side effects were limited. The median time to the development of late GI Grade ≥ 1 toxicities was 12 months (range: 9-19 months). 10.9% (5/46) had experience late GI. Among them, grade 1 and 2 were seen in 6.5% (3/46), and 4.3% (2/46), respectively. There was no grade 3 or higher complications. Statistically, we did not find any correlation between the presence of rectal toxicity and clinical factors or the presence of comorbidity. On the dosimetric level, the Mann-Whitney statistical test found a correlation between the presence of late GI toxicity and rectal volume irradiated at the prescribed dose (p = 0.02). Conclusion Despite the high radiation doses involved, our results showed an acceptable complication rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beaud Conrad Mabika Ndjembidouma
- Departement of Medical Physics and Radiotherapy, Akanda Cancer Institute, Libreville, Gabon
- Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun
| | | | - Phillippe Ondo Meye
- General Directorate for Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety, Ministery of Energy and Hydraulic Resources, Libreville Gabon
- Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun
| | | | - Ernest Belembaogo
- Departement of Medical Physics and Radiotherapy, Akanda Cancer Institute, Libreville, Gabon
| | - Germain Hubert Ben-Bolie
- Laboratory of Atomic, Molecular and Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroun
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2
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Viswanathan VS, Gupta A, Madabhushi A. Novel Imaging Biomarkers to Assess Oncologic Treatment-Related Changes. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2022; 42:1-13. [PMID: 35671432 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_350931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer therapeutics cause various treatment-related changes that may impact patient follow-up and disease monitoring. Although atypical responses such as pseudoprogression may be misinterpreted as treatment nonresponse, other changes, such as hyperprogressive disease seen with immunotherapy, must be recognized early for timely management. Radiation necrosis in the brain is a known response to radiotherapy and must be distinguished from local tumor recurrence. Radiotherapy can also cause adverse effects such as pneumonitis and local tissue toxicity. Systemic therapies, like chemotherapy and targeted therapies, are known to cause long-term cardiovascular effects. Thus, there is a need for robust biomarkers to identify, distinguish, and predict cancer treatment-related changes. Radiomics, which refers to the high-throughput extraction of subvisual features from radiologic images, has been widely explored for disease classification, risk stratification, and treatment-response prediction. Lately, there has been much interest in investigating the role of radiomics to assess oncologic treatment-related changes. We review the utility and various applications of radiomics in identifying and distinguishing atypical responses to treatments, as well as in predicting adverse effects. Although artificial intelligence tools show promise, several challenges-including multi-institutional clinical validation, deployment in health care settings, and artificial-intelligence bias-must be addressed for seamless clinical translation of these tools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Radiology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Anant Madabhushi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH.,Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
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3
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Kundu P, Lin EY, Yoon SM, Parikh NR, Ruan D, Kishan AU, Lee A, Steinberg ML, Chang AJ. Rectal Radiation Dose and Clinical Outcomes in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy With and Without Hydrogel. Front Oncol 2022; 12:853246. [PMID: 35350564 PMCID: PMC8957858 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.853246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with prostate cancer treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) may experience gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity. The hydrogel may mitigate this toxicity by reducing the rectal radiation dose. The purpose of this study is to compare rectal radiation dose and GI toxicity in patients receiving prostate SBRT with and without hydrogel. Methods Consecutive patients treated with SBRT between February 2017 and January 2020 with and without hydrogel were retrospectively identified. Baseline characteristics including prostate volume, rectal diameter, body mass index (BMI), age, pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Gleason score, T-stage, and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) usage were compared. Dosimetric outcomes (V40Gy, V36Gy, V32Gy, V38Gy, and V20Gy), rates of acute (≤90 days) and late (>90 days) GI toxicity, and PSA outcomes were evaluated for patients with and without hydrogel. Results A total of 92 patients were identified (51 hydrogel and 41 non-hydrogel). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics. Rectal V38(cc) was significantly less in the hydrogel group (mean 0.44 vs. mean 1.41 cc, p = 0.0002), and the proportion of patients with V38(cc) < 2 cc was greater in the hydrogel group (92% vs. 72%, p = 0.01). Rectal dose was significantly lower for all institutional dose constraints in the hydrogel group (p < 0.001). The hydrogel group experienced significantly less acute overall GI toxicity (16% hydrogel vs. 28% non-hydrogel, p = 0.006), while the difference in late GI toxicity trended lower with hydrogel but was not statistically significant (4% hydrogel vs. 10% non-hydrogel, p = 0.219). At a median follow-up of 14.8 months, there were no biochemical recurrences in either group. Conclusion Hydrogel reduces rectal radiation dose in patients receiving prostate SBRT and is associated with a decreased rate of acute GI toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palak Kundu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eric Y Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie M Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Neil R Parikh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Dan Ruan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Amar U Kishan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alan Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael L Steinberg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Albert J Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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4
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Faaborg PM, Haas S, Liao D, Ploen J, Jakobsen A, Rahr HB, Laurberg S, Gregersen H, Lundby L, Christensen P, Krogh K. Long-term anorectal function in rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy and endorectal brachytherapy. Colorectal Dis 2021; 23:2311-2319. [PMID: 33900676 DOI: 10.1111/codi.15692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim was to study anorectal function in long-term survivors after combined, curatively intended, chemoradiotherapy and endorectal brachytherapy for low rectal cancer. METHODS This was a case-control design. We compared anorectal function by anal manometry, anal functional lumen imaging probe (EndoFLIP) and rectal bag distension in rectal cancer patients (RCPs) and healthy, normal subjects (NSs). Symptoms were assessed by the low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) and Wexner faecal incontinence scores. RESULTS Thirteen RCPs (12 men, median age 68 years, range 52-92) after 60 Gy radiotherapy, 5 Gy endorectal brachytherapy and oral tegafur-uracil with complete clinical response (median time since treatment 2.8 years, range 2.2-5.6) were compared to 15 NSs (14 men, median age 64 years, range 47-75). RCPs had lower than normal anal resting pressure, 38.6 mmHg (range 8.8-67.7) versus 58.8 mmHg (25.7-105.2) (P < 0.003), and squeeze pressure, 117 mmHg (55.2-203) versus 188 mmHg (103-248) (P < 0.01). Squeeze-induced pressure increase recorded by EndoFLIP was also lower in RCPs (q > 7.56, P < 0.001) as was the anal canal resistance to increasing distension (q = 3.13, P < 0.05). No differences in median rectal volume at first sensation (72 [22-158] vs. 82 [36-190] ml, P = 0.4) or at urge to defaecate (107 [42-227] vs. 132 [59-334] ml, P = 0.2) were found. However, maximum tolerable rectal volume was lower in RCPs (145 [59-319] vs. 222 [106-447] ml, P < 0.02). The median (range) low anterior resection syndrome score was 27 (0-39) for RCPs and 7 (0-23) for NSs (P < 0.001), while the Wexner score was 0 (0-5) versus 0 (0-4) (P = 0.56). CONCLUSION Radiotherapy combined with endorectal brachytherapy for rectal cancer causes long-term anorectal symptoms, impaired anal sphincter function and reduced rectal capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Møller Faaborg
- Danish Cancer Society Centre for Research on Survivorship and Late Adverse Effects After Cancer in the Pelvic Organs, Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Surgery, Danish Colorectal Cancer Center South, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Susanne Haas
- Danish Cancer Society Centre for Research on Survivorship and Late Adverse Effects After Cancer in the Pelvic Organs, Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Donghua Liao
- Mech-Sense, Department of Gastroenterology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - John Ploen
- Department of Oncology, Danish Colorectal Cancer Center South, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Anders Jakobsen
- Department of Oncology, Danish Colorectal Cancer Center South, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Hans Bjarke Rahr
- Department of Surgery, Danish Colorectal Cancer Center South, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Soeren Laurberg
- Danish Cancer Society Centre for Research on Survivorship and Late Adverse Effects After Cancer in the Pelvic Organs, Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans Gregersen
- GIOME, California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lilli Lundby
- Danish Cancer Society Centre for Research on Survivorship and Late Adverse Effects After Cancer in the Pelvic Organs, Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Christensen
- Danish Cancer Society Centre for Research on Survivorship and Late Adverse Effects After Cancer in the Pelvic Organs, Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Klaus Krogh
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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5
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Jones S, White N, Holt T, Graves N. Cost-effectiveness analysis of hydrogel spacer for rectal toxicity reduction in prostate external beam radiotherapy. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2021; 65:931-939. [PMID: 34397158 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Contemporary methods of external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer have reduced toxicity rates through beam modulation and image guidance, however, rectal injury has not been eliminated completely in this population. For patients at greatest risk of developing rectal toxicities, hydrogel spacers are a viable option for risk reduction. Translation of clinical trial results into routine clinical practice relies on an understanding of the economic implications. This study completed a cost-effectiveness analysis of hydrogel spacers in the Australian healthcare setting. METHOD Simulation of possible health states following treatment was performed using a Markov model. Model outcomes included the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio and the net monetary benefit (NMB) at three published willingness-to-pay thresholds derived from literature. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were provided on these results. A baseline cohort without hydrogel spacer use was compared to treat all and selective use cohorts. Cost variation scenarios were also investigated to assess the impact of hydrogel spacer cost on outcomes. RESULTS Using hydrogel spacers in a selective cohort was more likely to be cost-effective than giving to all patients (NMB -$43 versus -$997, respectively); however, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was not below the $28 000 willingness-to-pay threshold for a healthcare provider perspective. These outcomes were influenced by large parameter uncertainty. Cost variation strategies are worth investigating further as a method to achieve willingness-to-pay threshold targets. CONCLUSION The influence of parameter uncertainty currently limits the cost-effectiveness of this intervention in the Australian public health setting. However, a cost variation solution has been demonstrated to improve cost-effectiveness estimates for selected patients and should be examined further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Jones
- Radiation Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Raymond Terrace, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole White
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tanya Holt
- Radiation Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Raymond Terrace, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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6
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Babar M, Katz A, Ciatto M. Dosimetric and clinical outcomes of SpaceOAR in men undergoing external beam radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer: A systematic review. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2021; 65:384-397. [PMID: 33855816 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
SpaceOAR, an absorbable polyethylene glycol hydrogel, increases the space between the prostate and rectum to reduce the radiation received by the rectum during prostate cancer radiation therapy. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate controlled studies on the dosimetric and clinical outcomes of SpaceOAR in men undergoing external beam radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer. Eight studies were included in the review. All of the studies showed SpaceOAR to reduce the radiation dose volume to the rectum over numerous dosimetry levels. Of the four studies that assessed toxicity, one reported SpaceOAR to significantly decrease acute Grade 1 diarrhoea and two reported SpaceOAR to significantly decrease late Grade 1 and Grade ≥2 rectal toxicities. Two studies assessed cumulative incidence of toxicity at 3 years in which one reported SpaceOAR to significantly decrease urinary incontinence and Grade ≥1 and Grade ≥2 rectal toxicities, and the other reported SpaceOAR to significantly decrease Grade 1 diarrhoea and Grade 2 proctitis. Moreover, one study reported that fewer SpaceOAR patients experienced 10-point declines in bowel quality of life at 3 years, but another study reported no significant difference in 10-point declines in bowel quality of life between the SpaceOAR and control groups at 5 years. With the current research available, SpaceOAR may be beneficial to those who did not meet the standard rectal dose-volume criteria, have higher risk factors of developing rectal toxicities post-radiation, or wish to decrease the length and costs of radiotherapy by increasing the dose of radiation per fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Katz
- St. Francis Hospital, Roslyn, NY, USA
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Conroy D, Becht K, Forsthoefel M, Pepin AN, Lei S, Rashid A, Collins BT, Lischalk JW, Suy S, Aghdam N, Hankins RA, Collins SP. Utilization of Iodinated SpaceOAR Vue™ During Robotic Prostate Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) to Identify the Rectal-Prostate Interface and Spare the Rectum: A Case Report. Front Oncol 2021; 10:607698. [PMID: 33489918 PMCID: PMC7817609 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.607698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the utilization of SpaceOAR Vue™, a new iodinated rectal spacer, during Robotic Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) for a Prostate Cancer Patient with a contraindication to Magnetic Resonance Imaging. A 69-year-old Caucasian male presented with unfavorable intermediate risk prostate cancer and elected to undergo SBRT. His medical history was significant for atrial fibrillation on Rivaroxaban with a pacemaker. He was felt to be at increased risk of radiation proctitis following SBRT due to the inability to accurately contour the anterior rectal wall at the prostate apex without a treatment planning MRI and an increased risk of late rectal bleeding due to prescribed anticoagulants. In this case report, we discuss the technical aspects of appropriate placement and treatment planning for utilizing SpaceOAR Vue™ with Robotic SBRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Conroy
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kelly Becht
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Matthew Forsthoefel
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Abigail N Pepin
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Siyuan Lei
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Abdul Rashid
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Brian Timothy Collins
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jonathan W Lischalk
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Simeng Suy
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Nima Aghdam
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ryan Andrew Hankins
- Department of Urology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Sean P Collins
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
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8
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Tamihardja J, Schortmann M, Lawrenz I, Weick S, Bratengeier K, Flentje M, Guckenberger M, Polat B. Moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: updated long-term outcome and toxicity analysis. Strahlenther Onkol 2020; 197:124-132. [PMID: 32833036 PMCID: PMC7840645 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-020-01678-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Evaluation of long-term outcome and toxicity of moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with simultaneous integrated boost treatment planning and cone beam CT-based image guidance for localized prostate cancer. METHODS Between 2005 and 2015, 346 consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer received primary radiotherapy using cone beam CT-based image-guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IG-IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (IG-VMAT) with a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB). Total doses of 73.9 Gy (n = 44) and 76.2 Gy (n = 302) to the high-dose PTV were delivered in 32 and 33 fractions, respectively. The low-dose PTV received a dose (D95) of 60.06 Gy in single doses of 1.82 Gy. The pelvic lymph nodes were treated in 91 high-risk patients to 45.5 Gy (D95). RESULTS Median follow-up was 61.8 months. The 5‑year biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) was 85.4% for all patients and 93.3, 87.4, and 79.4% for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease, respectively. The 5‑year prostate cancer-specific survival (PSS) was 94.8% for all patients and 98.7, 98.9, 89.3% for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk disease, respectively. The 5‑year and 10-year overall survival rates were 83.8 and 66.3% and the 5‑year and 10-year freedom from distant metastasis rates were 92.2 and 88.0%, respectively. Cumulative 5‑year late GU toxicity and late GI toxicity grade ≥2 was observed in 26.3 and 12.1% of the patients, respectively. Cumulative 5‑year late grade 3 GU/GI toxicity occurred in 4.0/1.2%. CONCLUSION Moderately hypofractionated radiotherapy using SIB treatment planning and cone beam CT image guidance resulted in high biochemical control and survival with low rates of late toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Tamihardja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Max Schortmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Ingulf Lawrenz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Weick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Bratengeier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Michael Flentje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Guckenberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Bülent Polat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Wuerzburg, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
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9
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Haas S, Faaborg P, Liao D, Laurberg S, Gregersen H, Lundby L, Christensen P, Krogh K. Anal sphincter dysfunction in patients treated with primary radiotherapy for anal cancer: a study with the functional lumen imaging probe. Acta Oncol 2018; 57:465-472. [PMID: 29447025 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2018.1438658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphincter-sparing radiotherapy or chemoradiation are standard treatments for patients with anal cancer. The ultimate treatment goal is full recovery from anal cancer with preserved anorectal function. Unfortunately, long-term survivors often suffer from severe anorectal symptoms. The aim of the present study was to characterize changes in anorectal physiology after radiotherapy for anal cancer. METHOD We included 13 patients (10 women, age 63.4 ± 1.9) treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiation for anal cancer and 14 healthy volunteers (9 women, age 61.4 ± 1.5). Symptoms were assessed with scores for fecal incontinence and low anterior resection syndrome. Anorectal physiology was examined with anorectal manometry and the Functional Lumen Imaging Probe. RESULTS Patients had a median Wexner fecal incontinence score of 5 (0-13) and a median LARS score of 29 (0-39). Compared to healthy volunteers, patients had lower mean (±SE) anal -resting (38 ± 5 vs. 71 ± 6, p < .001) and -squeeze pressures (76 ± 11 vs. 165 ± 15, p < .001). Patients also had lower anal yield pressure (15.5 ± 1.3 mmHg vs. 28.0 ± 2.0 mmHg, p < .001), higher distensibility, and lower resistance to flow (reduced resistance ratio of the anal canal during distension, q = 5.09, p < .001). No differences were found in median (range) rectal volumes at first sensation (70.5 (15-131) vs. 57 (18-132) ml, p > .4), urge (103 (54-176) vs. 90 (32-212), p > .6) or maximum tolerable volume (173 (86-413) vs. 119.5 (54-269) ml, p > .10). CONCLUSION Patients treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiation for anal cancer have low anal resting and squeeze pressures as well as reduced resistance to distension and flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Haas
- Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Danish Cancer Society Centre for Research and Late Adverse Effects After Cancer in the Pelvic Organs, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Pia Faaborg
- Danish Cancer Society Centre for Research and Late Adverse Effects After Cancer in the Pelvic Organs, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Surgery, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Donghua Liao
- GIOME Academia, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Søren Laurberg
- Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Danish Cancer Society Centre for Research and Late Adverse Effects After Cancer in the Pelvic Organs, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Hans Gregersen
- GIOME, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital and Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Lilly Lundby
- Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Danish Cancer Society Centre for Research and Late Adverse Effects After Cancer in the Pelvic Organs, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Peter Christensen
- Department of Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Danish Cancer Society Centre for Research and Late Adverse Effects After Cancer in the Pelvic Organs, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Klaus Krogh
- Danish Cancer Society Centre for Research and Late Adverse Effects After Cancer in the Pelvic Organs, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Neurogastroenterology Unit, Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Århus C, Denmark
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10
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Padmanabhan R, Pinkawa M, Song DY. Hydrogel spacers in prostate radiotherapy: a promising approach to decrease rectal toxicity. Future Oncol 2017; 13:2697-2708. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High-dose radiation is a well-established method of treatment for prostate cancer. The main limiting structure for dose escalation is the rectum. The risk of rectal toxicity is related to dose received by the rectum. Several strategies for reducing dose to rectum have been explored; these include endorectal balloons as well as injection of rectal spacers like hydrogels. They create greater distance between rectal wall and prostate to confer a dosimetric advantage to the rectum. Early clinical studies with hydrogels have shown favorable outcomes. A low incidence of major procedural adverse effects with hydrogel use has been reported and it is well tolerated by patients. Hydrogel holds promise in establishing itself as an adjunct to standard of care in prostate radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjani Padmanabhan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, INOVA Health System Fairfax, 3300 Gallows Road, Falls Church, VA 22042, USA
| | - Michael Pinkawa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Y Song
- Johns Hopkins Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, 401 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
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Lind H, Alevronta E, Steineck G, Waldenström AC, Nyberg T, Olsson C, Wilderäng U, Dunberger G, al-Abany M, Åvall-Lundqvist E. Defecation into clothing without forewarning and mean radiation dose to bowel and anal-sphincter among gynecological cancer survivors. Acta Oncol 2016; 55:1285-1293. [PMID: 27173757 DOI: 10.1080/0284186x.2016.1176247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To analyze the relationship between mean radiation dose to the bowels and the anal-sphincter and occurrence of 'defecation into clothing without forewarning', a specific and serious fecal incontinence symptom after gynecological radiotherapy. Additional potential risk factors associated with the symptom are explored. MATERIAL AND METHODS Data were collected for 519 eligible gynecological cancer survivors, treated with pelvic radiotherapy, with a median follow-up of 5.8 years, using a study-specific questionnaire and medical records. Correlations between defecation into clothing without forewarning and mean dose to organs at risk; the anal-sphincter region, the rectum, the sigmoid and the small intestines were investigated, also taking other risk factors into account. RESULTS Twelve percent reported having had the symptom at least once in the preceding six months. Mean doses >50 Gy to the anal-sphincter region, the rectum, the sigmoid and the small intestines were related to the occurrence of the symptom. Significantly associated risk factors were deliveries with high birth weight, heart failure and lactose and/or gluten intolerance. After adjusting for these factors, mean doses >50 Gy to the anal-sphincter region, the sigmoid and the small intestines remained related to the occurrence of the symptom. CONCLUSION Mean doses to the bowels and anal-sphincter region are related to the risk of defecation into clothing without forewarning in long-term gynecological cancer survivors treated with pelvic radiotherapy. Further radiobiological modeling may distinguish which organ(s) contribute most to development of the symptom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Lind
- Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eleftheria Alevronta
- Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Steineck
- Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ann-Charlotte Waldenström
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tommy Nyberg
- Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Olsson
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Physics, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrica Wilderäng
- Division of Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gail Dunberger
- Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Ersta Sköndal University College, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massoud al-Abany
- Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Physics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Åvall-Lundqvist
- Clinical Cancer Epidemiology, Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Whalley D, Hruby G, Alfieri F, Kneebone A, Eade T. SpaceOAR Hydrogel in Dose-escalated Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy: Rectal Dosimetry and Late Toxicity. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2016; 28:e148-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Individual response to ionizing radiation. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:369-386. [PMID: 27919342 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The human response to ionizing radiation (IR) varies among individuals. The first evidence of the individual response to IR was reported in the beginning of the 20th century. Considering nearly one century of observations, we here propose three aspects of individual IR response: radiosensitivity for early or late adverse tissue events after radiotherapy on normal tissues (non-cancer effects attributable to cell death); radiosusceptibility for IR-induced cancers; and radiodegeneration for non-cancer effects that are often attributable to mechanisms other than cell death (e.g., cataracts and circulatory disease). All the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind IR-induced individual effects are not fully elucidated. However, some specific assays may help their quantification according to the dose and to the genetic status. Accumulated data on individual factors have suggested that the individual IR response cannot be ignored and raises some clinical and societal issues. The individual IR response therefore needs to be taken into account to better evaluate the risks related to IR exposure.
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Optimizing the parameters of the Lyman–Kutcher–Burman, Källman, and Logit+EUD models for the rectum – a comparison between normal tissue complication probability and clinical data. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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15
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Barry AS, Dunne MT, Lyons CA, Finn MA, Moulton B, Taylor JC, O'Shea CM, Thirion PG, Armstrong JG. Temporal patterns of late bowel and bladder radiotherapy toxicity in a randomised controlled trial assessing duration of neo-adjuvant hormones in prostate cancer. Acta Oncol 2014; 53:1390-7. [PMID: 24957552 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2014.927072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess the temporal patterns of late gastrointestinal (GI) and genitourinary (GU) radiotherapy toxicity and resolution rates in a randomised controlled trial (All-Ireland Cooperative Oncology Research Group 97-01) assessing duration of neo-adjuvant (NA) hormone therapy for localised prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS Node negative patients with > 1 of: PSA > 20 ng/mL, Gleason score ≥ 7, and stage T3 or more, were included. Follow-up, including toxicity assessment, was three-monthly in the early stages and yearly thereafter. RESULTS Median follow-up from the end of RT was 6.8 years. In the interval between 90 days following the end of RT and the last toxicity assessment, GI and GU toxicity (any grade) was found in 50% and 51% of 240 and 241 patients, respectively. For those who did develop toxicity, the median time from end of RT until the first development of any grade GI or GU toxicity was 1.2 years and 1.6 years, respectively, whilst median time to final resolution was 1.6 years and 2.2 years, respectively. Grade 2 (G2) or greater GI and GU toxicity occurred in 29 (12.1%) and 40 (16.6%) patients, respectively. The proportion with unresolved G2 + GI and GU toxicity was 89% and 79%, respectively, in year 1, 69% and 65% in year 2, 59% and 52% in year 3 and 27% and 32% in year 5. CONCLUSION Long-term toxicities continue to occur many years after NA hormone therapy and RT. The rate of occurrence does not appear to reduce within the time frame during which our patients were followed. The percentage of patients suffering from G2 + toxicity at any time is however low. Resolution of these toxicities continues for the duration of the follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisling S Barry
- Department of Radiation Oncology, St Luke's Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
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16
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Skolarus TA, Wittmann D, Northouse L, An LC, Olson KB, Rew KT, Jimbo M, Heidelbaugh JJ, Phillips J, Holmes-Rovner M. Recommendations for Prostate Cancer Survivorship Care: An Update to the 2009 Michigan Cancer Consortium Guidelines for the Primary Care Management of Prostate Cancer Post-Treatment Sequelae. JOURNAL OF MEN'S HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/jomh.2014.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Yu JB, Cramer LD, Herrin J, Soulos PR, Potosky AL, Gross CP. Stereotactic body radiation therapy versus intensity-modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer: comparison of toxicity. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:1195-201. [PMID: 24616315 PMCID: PMC3986382 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.53.8652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a technically demanding prostate cancer treatment that may be less expensive than intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Because SBRT may deliver a greater biologic dose of radiation than IMRT, toxicity could be increased. Studies comparing treatment cost to the Medicare program and toxicity are needed. METHODS We performed a retrospective study by using a national sample of Medicare beneficiaries age ≥ 66 years who received SBRT or IMRT as primary treatment for prostate cancer from 2008 to 2011. Each SBRT patient was matched to two IMRT patients with similar follow-up (6, 12, or 24 months). We calculated the cost of radiation therapy treatment to the Medicare program and toxicity as measured by Medicare claims; we used a random effects model to compare genitourinary (GU), GI, and other toxicity between matched patients. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 1,335 SBRT patients matched to 2,670 IMRT patients. The mean treatment cost was $13,645 for SBRT versus $21,023 for IMRT. In the 6 months after treatment initiation, 15.6% of SBRT versus 12.6% of IMRT patients experienced GU toxicity (odds ratio [OR], 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.53; P = .009). At 24 months after treatment initiation, 43.9% of SBRT versus 36.3% of IMRT patients had GU toxicity (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.63; P = .001). The increase in GU toxicity was due to claims indicative of urethritis, urinary incontinence, and/or obstruction. CONCLUSION Although SBRT was associated with lower treatment costs, there appears to be a greater rate of GU toxicity for patients undergoing SBRT compared with IMRT, and prospective correlation with randomized trials is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James B. Yu
- James B. Yu, Laura D. Cramer, Jeph Herrin, Pamela R. Soulos, and Cary P. Gross, Yale School of Medicine; James B. Yu and Cary P. Gross, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Jeph Herrin, Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL; and Arnold L. Potosky, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Laura D. Cramer
- James B. Yu, Laura D. Cramer, Jeph Herrin, Pamela R. Soulos, and Cary P. Gross, Yale School of Medicine; James B. Yu and Cary P. Gross, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Jeph Herrin, Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL; and Arnold L. Potosky, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Jeph Herrin
- James B. Yu, Laura D. Cramer, Jeph Herrin, Pamela R. Soulos, and Cary P. Gross, Yale School of Medicine; James B. Yu and Cary P. Gross, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Jeph Herrin, Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL; and Arnold L. Potosky, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Pamela R. Soulos
- James B. Yu, Laura D. Cramer, Jeph Herrin, Pamela R. Soulos, and Cary P. Gross, Yale School of Medicine; James B. Yu and Cary P. Gross, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Jeph Herrin, Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL; and Arnold L. Potosky, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Arnold L. Potosky
- James B. Yu, Laura D. Cramer, Jeph Herrin, Pamela R. Soulos, and Cary P. Gross, Yale School of Medicine; James B. Yu and Cary P. Gross, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Jeph Herrin, Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL; and Arnold L. Potosky, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Cary P. Gross
- James B. Yu, Laura D. Cramer, Jeph Herrin, Pamela R. Soulos, and Cary P. Gross, Yale School of Medicine; James B. Yu and Cary P. Gross, Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, CT; Jeph Herrin, Health Research and Educational Trust, Chicago, IL; and Arnold L. Potosky, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
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18
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Goineau A, Marchand V, Rigaud J, Bourdin S, Rio E, Campion L, Bonnaud-Antignac A, Mahé MA, Supiot S. Prospective evaluation of quality of life 54 months after high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Radiat Oncol 2013; 8:53. [PMID: 23510499 PMCID: PMC3605179 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-8-53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine late toxicity and quality of life (QoL) in patients with localized prostate cancer after high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Patient and methods This was a prospective study in patients with localized prostate adenocarcinoma who had been treated by IMRT (76 Gy) between February and November 2006. Physicians scored acute and late toxicity using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 3.0). Patients completed cancer and prostate-specific QoL questionnaires (EORTC QLQ-C30 and QLQ-PR25) before IMRT (baseline) and at 2, 6, 18 and 54 months. Result Data were available for 38 patients (median age, 73 years) (18% low risk; 60% intermediate risk; 32% high risk). The incidence of urinary and gastrointestinal toxicity was respectively: immediately post IMRT: 36.8% and 23.7% (grade 1), 5.3% and 5.3% (grade 2), 2.6% and 0% (grade 3); at 18 months: 23.7% and 10.3% (grade 1), 26.3% and 13.2% (grade 2), 0% and 2.6% (grade 3); at 54 months: 34.2% and 23.7% (grade 1), 5.3% and 15.8% (grade 2), 5.3% and 0% (grade 3). At 54 months, significant worsening was reported by patients for 11/19 QoL items but the worsening was clinically relevant (>10 points) for 7 items only: physical, role as well as social functioning, fatigue, pain, dyspnoea and constipation. There was no significant difference between 54-month and baseline QoL scores for global health, gastrointestinal symptoms, treatment-related symptoms and sexual function. However, there was significant - but clinically non-relevant (<10 points) - worsening of urinary symptom. Conclusion High-dose IMRT to the prostate with accurate patient positioning did not induce any clinically relevant worsening in late urinary and gastrointestinal QoL at 54 months. Impaired physical and role functioning may be related to age and comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Goineau
- Integrated Center of Oncology René Gauducheau, Nantes-St Herblain, France
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Supiot S, Rio E, Clément-Colmou K, Bouchot O, Rigaud J. Suivi après la radiothérapie des cancers de la prostate : bases scientifiques, rapport coût–bénéfice. Cancer Radiother 2011; 15:540-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Alsadius D, Hedelin M, Johansson KA, Pettersson N, Wilderäng U, Lundstedt D, Steineck G. Tobacco smoking and long-lasting symptoms from the bowel and the anal-sphincter region after radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Radiother Oncol 2011; 101:495-501. [PMID: 21737169 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2011] [Revised: 05/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tobacco smoking can cause vascular injury, tissue hypoxia and fibrosis as can ionizing radiation. However, we do not know if tobacco smoking increases the risk of long-term side effects after radiotherapy for prostate cancer. METHODS We identified 985 men treated with radiotherapy for prostate cancer between 1993 and 2006. In 2008, long-lasting symptoms appearing after radiotherapy for prostate cancer were assessed through a study-specific questionnaire as were smoking habits and demographic factors of all these men. In the questionnaire the prostate-cancer survivors were asked to report symptom occurrence the previous six months. RESULTS We obtained information on tobacco smoking from 836 of the 985 prostate-cancer survivors with a median time to follow-up of six years (range 2-14 years). The prevalence ratio of defecation urgency among current smokers compared to never smokers was 1.6 (95% CI 1.2-2.2). Corresponding prevalence ratio for diarrhea was 2.8 (95% CI 1.2-6.5), the sensation of bowel not completely emptied after defecation 2.1 (95% CI 1.3-3.3) and for sudden emptying of all stools into clothing without forewarning 4.7 (95% CI 2.3-9.7). CONCLUSION Tobacco smoking among prostate-cancer survivors treated with radiotherapy increases the risk of certain long-lasting symptoms from the bowel and anal-sphincter region.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alsadius
- Department of Oncology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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21
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Current world literature. Curr Opin Support Palliat Care 2011; 5:65-8. [PMID: 21321522 DOI: 10.1097/spc.0b013e3283440ea5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Maeda Y, Høyer M, Lundby L, Buntzen S, Laurberg S. Temporary sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence following pelvic radiotherapy. Radiother Oncol 2010; 98:145-53. [PMID: 20570003 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Temporary sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence caused by pelvic radiation injuries was successful in 7 of 13 patients (54%). The improvement of total incontinence episodes during the temporary stimulation period was a median of 83% (range 25-93%). This may be a viable treatment option for radiation-induced faecal incontinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Maeda
- Surgical Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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