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Gürses A, Güneş K. Preparation of Polyethylene Clay Composites via Melt Intercalation Using Hydrophobic and Superhydrophobic Organoclays and Comparison of Their Textural, Mechanical and Thermal Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:272. [PMID: 38276681 PMCID: PMC10819245 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymer clay nanocomposites, which can exhibit many superior properties compared to virgin polymers, have gained increasing interest and importance in recent years. This study aimed to prepare composites of two organoclays with unusual ratios and different degrees of lyophilicity with low-density polyethylene and compare their textural structures and thermal and mechanical properties with those of virgin polymer. For this purpose, firstly, organoclays, hydrophobic and superhydrophobic organoclays (OC and SOC), were prepared by solution intercalation method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide with and without addition of a hydrocarbon substance. Then, using both organoclays, polyethylene organoclay composites were prepared and characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Additionally, tensile and hardness tests were performed to determine the mechanical properties of the composites, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms were taken to examine their thermal behavior. XRD patterns and HRTEM images of hydrophobic and superhydrophobic organoclays and the composites show that the characteristic smectite peak of the clay shifts to the left and expands, that is, the interlayer space widens and, in the composites, it deforms immediately at low clay ratios. HRTEM images of the composites prepared especially with low clay ratios indicate that a heterogeneous dispersion of clay platelets occurs, indicating that nanocomposite formation has been achieved. On the contrary, in the composites prepared with high clay ratios, this dispersion behavior partially turns into aggregation. In the composites prepared using up to 20% by weight of superhydrophobic organoclay, extremely stable and continuous improvements in all mechanical properties were observed compared to those of the composites prepared using hydrophobic organoclay. This indicates that by using superhydrophobic organoclay, a ductile nanocomposite of polyethylene containing inorganic components in much higher than usual proportions can be prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Gürses
- Department of Chemistry Education, K, K Education Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum 25240, Turkey;
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Influence of silane coupling agent on the synthesis and properties of nanocomposites obtained via in situ catalytic copolymerization of ethylene and propylene in the presence of modified Nafen™ Al2O3 nanofibers. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Surface-functionalization of isotactic polypropylene via dip-coating with a methacrylate-based terpolymer containing perfluoroalkyl groups and poly(ethylene glycol). Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-018-0164-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Yamamoto K, Kawaguchi D, Sasahara K, Inutsuka M, Yamamoto S, Uchida K, Mita K, Ogawa H, Takenaka M, Tanaka K. Aggregation States of Poly(4-methylpentene-1) at a Solid Interface. Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-018-0134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Ashraf MA, Peng W, Zare Y, Rhee KY. Effects of Size and Aggregation/Agglomeration of Nanoparticles on the Interfacial/Interphase Properties and Tensile Strength of Polymer Nanocomposites. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2018; 13:214. [PMID: 30019092 PMCID: PMC6049851 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2624-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, several simple equations are suggested to investigate the effects of size and density on the number, surface area, stiffening efficiency, and specific surface area of nanoparticles in polymer nanocomposites. In addition, the roles of nanoparticle size and interphase thickness in the interfacial/interphase properties and tensile strength of nanocomposites are explained by various equations. The aggregates/agglomerates of nanoparticles are also assumed as large particles in nanocomposites, and their influences on the nanoparticle characteristics, interface/interphase properties, and tensile strength are discussed. The small size advantageously affects the number, surface area, stiffening efficiency, and specific surface area of nanoparticles. Only 2 g of isolated and well-dispersed nanoparticles with radius of 10 nm (R = 10 nm) and density of 2 g/cm3 produce the significant interfacial area of 250 m2 with polymer matrix. Moreover, only a thick interphase cannot produce high interfacial/interphase parameters and significant mechanical properties in nanocomposites because the filler size and aggregates/agglomerates also control these terms. It is found that a thick interphase (t = 25 nm) surrounding the big nanoparticles (R = 50 nm) only improves the B interphase parameter to about 4, while B = 13 is obtained by the smallest nanoparticles and the thickest interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
- Faculty of Science, Department of Geology, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wanxi Peng
- School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Yasser Zare
- Young Researchers and Elites Club, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kyong Yop Rhee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701 Republic of Korea
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Emergence of temperature-dependent and reversible color-changing properties by the stabilization of layered polydiacetylene through intercalation. Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-017-0018-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gaska K, Kádár R, Rybak A, Siwek A, Gubanski S. Gas Barrier, Thermal, Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Highly Aligned Graphene-LDPE Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E294. [PMID: 30970972 PMCID: PMC6432036 DOI: 10.3390/polym9070294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This contribution reports on properties of low-density polyethylene-based composites filled with different amounts of graphene nanoplatelets. The studied samples were prepared in the form of films by means of the precoating technique and single screw melt-extrusion, which yields a highly ordered arrangement of graphene flakes and results in a strong anisotropy of composites morphology. The performed tests of gas permeability reveal a drastic decrease of this property with increasing filler content. A clear correlation is found between permeability and free volume fraction in the material, the latter evaluated by means of positron annihilation spectroscopy. A strong anisotropy of the thermal conductivity is also achieved and the thermal conductivity along the extrusion direction for samples filled with 7.5 wt % of GnP (graphene nanoplatelets) reached 2.2 W/m·K. At the same time, when measured through a plane, a slight decrease of thermal conductivity is found. The use of GnP filler leads also to improvements of mechanical properties. The increase of Young's modulus and tensile strength are reached as the composites become more brittle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Gaska
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Roland Kádár
- Department of Industrial and Materials Science, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Andrzej Rybak
- ABB Corporate Research Center, 31038 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Artur Siwek
- ABB Corporate Research Center, 31038 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Stanislaw Gubanski
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Feldman D. Polyamide nanocomposites. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2017.1282700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Gao W, Li J, Yan X, Zhu B, Jia J, Huang A, Xie K, Bai Y. Accordion-like graphene by a facile and green synthesis method reinforcing polyolefin nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra04139j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Scalable synthesis of accordion-like graphene via low temperature (below 170 °C) thermal expansion exfoliation of alkylated graphite oxide without any auxiliary equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Jiangong Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Xiaojie Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Bochao Zhu
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center
- Petro China
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Junji Jia
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center
- Petro China
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Anping Huang
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center
- Petro China
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Kefeng Xie
- Lanzhou Petrochemical Research Center
- Petro China
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
| | - Yongxiao Bai
- MOE Key Laboratory for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
- Institute of Material Science and Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou 730000
- PR China
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Bravaya NM, Galiullin AN, Saratovskikh SL, Panin AN, Faingol'd ЕE, Vasil'ev SG, Bubnova ML, Volkov VI. Synthesis and properties of hybrid materials obtained byin situcopolymerization of ethylene and propylene in the presence of Al2O3nanofibers (NafenTM) on catalytic systemrac-Et(2-MeInd)2ZrMe2/isobutylalumoxane. J Appl Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/app.44678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia M. Bravaya
- The Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Academician Semenov Avenue 1 Chernogolovka Moscow Region 142432 Russia
| | - Al'bert N. Galiullin
- The Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Academician Semenov Avenue 1 Chernogolovka Moscow Region 142432 Russia
| | - Stanislav L. Saratovskikh
- The Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Academician Semenov Avenue 1 Chernogolovka Moscow Region 142432 Russia
| | - Andrei N. Panin
- The Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Academician Semenov Avenue 1 Chernogolovka Moscow Region 142432 Russia
| | - Еvgenyi E. Faingol'd
- The Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Academician Semenov Avenue 1 Chernogolovka Moscow Region 142432 Russia
| | - Sergei G. Vasil'ev
- The Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Academician Semenov Avenue 1 Chernogolovka Moscow Region 142432 Russia
| | - Maria L. Bubnova
- The Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Academician Semenov Avenue 1 Chernogolovka Moscow Region 142432 Russia
| | - Vitalii I. Volkov
- The Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Academician Semenov Avenue 1 Chernogolovka Moscow Region 142432 Russia
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Khalaj MJ, Ahmadi H, Lesankhosh R, Khalaj G. Study of physical and mechanical properties of polypropylene nanocomposites for food packaging application: Nano-clay modified with iron nanoparticles. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Suter JL, Groen D, Coveney PV. Chemically specific multiscale modeling of clay-polymer nanocomposites reveals intercalation dynamics, tactoid self-assembly and emergent materials properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:966-84. [PMID: 25488829 PMCID: PMC4368376 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative description is presented of the dynamical process of polymer intercalation into clay tactoids and the ensuing aggregation of polymer-entangled tactoids into larger structures, obtaining various characteristics of these nanocomposites, including clay-layer spacings, out-of-plane clay-sheet bending energies, X-ray diffractograms, and materials properties. This model of clay-polymer interactions is based on a three-level approach, which uses quantum mechanical and atomistic descriptions to derive a coarse-grained yet chemically specific representation that can resolve processes on hitherto inaccessible length and time scales. The approach is applied to study collections of clay mineral tactoids interacting with two synthetic polymers, poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(vinyl alcohol). The controlled behavior of layered materials in a polymer matrix is centrally important for many engineering and manufacturing applications. This approach opens up a route to computing the properties of complex soft materials based on knowledge of their chemical composition, molecular structure, and processing conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Suter
- Centre for Computational Science, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
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Cui Y, Kumar S, Rao Kona B, van Houcke D. Gas barrier properties of polymer/clay nanocomposites. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra10333a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The state-of-the-art progress on the use of clay for the gas barrier properties of polymer nanocomposites have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Cui
- Institute Center for Microsystems (iMicro)
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (MME)
- Masdar Institute of Science and Technology
- Abu Dhabi
- U.A.E
| | - S. Kumar
- Institute Center for Microsystems (iMicro)
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering (MME)
- Masdar Institute of Science and Technology
- Abu Dhabi
- U.A.E
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Mould S, Barbas J, Machado AV, Nóbrega JM, Covas JA. Preparation of Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites by Melt Mixing in a Twin Screw Extruder: Using On-Line SAOS Rheometry to Assess the Level of Dispersion. INT POLYM PROC 2014. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A prototype on-line rotational rheometer was fixed between a twin screw extruder and a multi-rod die of an industrial pelletization line used for the manufacture of polymer-clay nanocomposites. After diverting the required amount of melt to the device, measurements were performed in small amplitude oscillatory shear and used to estimate the level of dispersion of the organoclay in the polypropylene matrix, by means of correlations that are commonly utilized. The aim is to determine whether changes in clay type, clay content, feed rate and screw speed cause detectable alterations in the rheological response and thus in the level of dispersion, with a view to practical process monitoring and control. The analysis of the data is supported by XRD and electron (scanning and transmission) microscopy observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Mould
- Department of Polymer Engineering/IPC/I3N , University of Minho, Guimarães , Portugal
| | - J. Barbas
- Department of Polymer Engineering/IPC/I3N , University of Minho, Guimarães , Portugal
| | - A. V. Machado
- Department of Polymer Engineering/IPC/I3N , University of Minho, Guimarães , Portugal
| | - J. M. Nóbrega
- Department of Polymer Engineering/IPC/I3N , University of Minho, Guimarães , Portugal
| | - J. A. Covas
- Department of Polymer Engineering/IPC/I3N , University of Minho, Guimarães , Portugal
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Preparation and characterization of isotactic polypropylene/zinc oxide microcomposites with antibacterial activity. Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2013.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Abstract
Research on mixed matrix membranes in which nanoparticles are used to enhance the membrane's performance in terms of flux, separation, and fouling resistance has boomed in the last years. This review probes on the specific features and benefits of one specific type of nanoparticles with a well-defined cylindrical structure, known as nanotubes. Nanotube structures for potential use in membranes are reviewed. These comprise mainly single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), but also other structures and materials, which are less studied for membrane applications, can be used. Important issues related to polymer-nanotube interactions such as dispersion and alignment are outlined, and a categorization is made of the resultant membranes. Applications are reviewed in four different areas, that is, gas separation, water filtration, drug delivery, and fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Van der Bruggen
- Laboratory for Applied Physical Chemistry and Environmental Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, W. de Croylaan 46, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Carrero A, van Grieken R, Suarez I, Paredes B. Development of a new synthetic method based on in situ strategies for polyethylene/clay composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Dedzo GK, Letaief S, Detellier C. Kaolinite–ionic liquid nanohybrid materials as electrochemical sensors for size-selective detection of anions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm34772e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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