Penetration and exchange kinetics of primary alkyl amines applied to reactive poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) thin films

Reactive Polymer Targeting dsRNA as Universal Virus Detection Platform with Enhanced Sensitivity

Reactive poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) (PPFPA)-grafted surfaces offer a versatile platform to immobilize biomolecules. Here, we utilize PPFPA-grafted surface and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) recognizing J2 antibody to construct a universal virus detection platform with enhanced sensitivity. PPFPA on silicon substrates is prepared, and surface hydrophilicity is modulated by partial substitution of the pentafluorophenyl units with poly(ethylene glycol). Following dsRNA antibody immobilization, the prepared surfaces can distinguish long dsRNAs from single-stranded RNAs of the same length and short dsRNAs. As long dsRNAs are common byproducts of viral transcription/replication, these surfaces can detect the presence of different kinds of viruses without prior knowledge of their genomic sequences. To increase dsRNA detection sensitivity, a two-step method is devised where the captured dsRNAs are visualized with multiple fluorophore-tagged J2 antibodies. We show that the developed platform can differentiate foreign long dsRNAs from cellular dsRNAs and other biomolecules present in the cell lysate. Moreover, when tested against cells infected with hepatitis A or C viruses, both viruses are successfully detected using a single platform. Our study shows that the developed PPFPA platform immobilized with J2 antibody can serve as a primary diagnostic tool to determine the infection status for a wide range of viruses.

Development of Multimodal Antibacterial Surfaces Using Porous Amine-Reactive Films Incorporating Lubricant and Silver Nanoparticles

Anti-biofouling has been improved by passive or active ways. Passive antifouling strategies aim to prevent the initial adsorption of foulants, while active strategies aim to eliminate proliferative fouling by destruction of the chemical structure and inactivation of the cells. However, neither passive antifouling strategies nor active antifouling strategies can solely resist biofouling due to their inherent limitations. Herein, we successfully developed multimodal antibacterial surfaces for waterborne and airborne bacteria with the benefit of a combination of antiadhesion (passive) and bactericidal (active) properties of the surfaces. We elaborated multifunctionalizable porous amine-reactive (PAR) polymer films from poly(pentafluorophenyl acrylate) (PPFPA). Pentafluorophenyl ester groups in the PAR films facilitate creation of multiple functionalities through a simple postmodification under mild condition, based on their high reactivity toward various primary amines. We introduced amine-containing poly(dimethylsiloxane) (amine-PDMS) and dopamine into the PAR films, resulting in infusion of antifouling silicone oil lubricants and formation of bactericidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), respectively. As a result, the PAR film-based lubricant-infused AgNPs-incorporated surfaces demonstrate outstanding antibacterial effects toward both waterborne and airborne Escherichia coli, suggesting a new door for development of an effective multimodal anti-biofouling surface.