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Protective effects of Acetobacter ghanensis against gliadin toxicity in intestinal epithelial cells with immunoregulatory and gluten-digestive properties. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:605-614. [PMID: 36175797 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03015-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to establish whether Acetobacter ghanensis, the probiotic characteristics of which were evaluated previously, attenuates gliadin-induced toxicity in intestinal epithelial cells with gluten-digestive and immunoregulatory properties. METHODS A co-culture model of human intestinal epithelial cell (Caco-2) monolayers on top of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from patients with celiac disease (CD) was established. The gluten-digestive properties of A. ghanensis were determined by checking bacterial growth in a medium containing gluten as the main nitrogen source. The mRNA levels of genes encoding TJ-associated proteins were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The concentrations of IL-6 and TNFα were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS We found that PT-gliadin disrupted intestinal barrier integrity by modulating the expression of TJ-associated genes encoding zonulin (increased by ~ 60%), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) (decreased by ~ 22%), and occludin (decreased by ~ 28%) in Caco-2 cells. Furthermore, PT-gliadin treatment in Caco-2 cells was associated with increased concentrations of IL-6 (~ 1.6-fold) and TNFα (~ twofold) from PBMCs. These modulatory effects of PT-gliadin, however, were suppressed when Caco-2 cells were subjected to A. ghanensis in the presence of PT-gliadin. As a factor underlying these protective effects, we showed that A. ghanensis could digest gluten peptides. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, the current study is the first to demonstrate that A. ghanensis improves intestinal barrier functions by attenuating the modulatory effects of PT-gliadin with immunoregulatory and gluten-digestive properties.
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Restorative effects of Acetobacter ghanensis on the pathogenicity of gliadin-induced modulation of tight junction-associated gene expression in intestinal epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF SURGERY AND MEDICINE 2023. [DOI: 10.28982/josam.7585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aim: At present, a gluten-free diet is the only efficient way to treat celiac disease (CD). The development of novel approaches to lessen or counteract the pathogenic effects of gluten remains crucial for the treatment of CD. The aim in this investigation was to examine the restorative effects of Acetobacter ghanensis as a novel probiotic against gliadin-induced modulation in the barrier integrity of an intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) model (Caco-2).
Methods: Fully differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers were subjected to enzymatically digested gliadin with a pepsin and trypsin (PT) in the presence or absence of A. ghanensis for 90 min. The relative amounts of zonulin, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin-1, and occludin mRNA expression were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) was evaluated to monitor the barrier integrity of cell monolayers. Statistical analyses were carried out using one- or two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc analysis for multiple pairwise comparisons.
Results: A significant upregulation (4.7-fold) of zonulin was noted in the PT-gliadin treated Caco-2 cells in comparison with the untreated controls (P<0.001). Conversely, gliadin-induced zonulin expression was markedly downregulated in the Caco-2 cells following exposure to A. ghanensis in the presence of PT-gliadin (P<0.001). Furthermore, prominent decreases in the mRNA expression levels of ZO-1 (45%) and occludin (40%) were seen in the PT-gliadin exposed Caco-2 cells compared to the untreated control cells (P<0.001). PT-gliadin in the Caco-2 cells did not significantly alter the mRNA levels of claudin-1 (P=0.172). Similarly to zonulin expression, the decreasing effect of PT-gliadin on ZO-1 was completely attenuated in the PT-gliadin-administrated Caco-2 cells following exposure to A. ghanensis (P<0.001).
Conclusion: A. ghanensis restored the pathogenicity of PT-gliadin on intestinal barrier integrity.
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Ascione F, Caserta S, Esposito S, Villella VR, Maiuri L, Nejad MR, Doostmohammadi A, Yeomans JM, Guido S. Collective rotational motion of freely expanding T84 epithelial cell colonies. J R Soc Interface 2023; 20:20220719. [PMID: 36872917 PMCID: PMC9943890 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2022.0719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated rotational motion is an intriguing, yet still elusive mode of collective cell migration, which is relevant in pathological and morphogenetic processes. Most of the studies on this topic have been carried out on epithelial cells plated on micropatterned substrates, where cell motion is confined in regions of well-defined shapes coated with extracellular matrix adhesive proteins. The driver of collective rotation in such conditions has not been clearly elucidated, although it has been speculated that spatial confinement can play an essential role in triggering cell rotation. Here, we study the growth of epithelial cell colonies freely expanding (i.e. with no physical constraints) on the surface of cell culture plates and focus on collective cell rotation in such conditions, a case which has received scarce attention in the literature. One of the main findings of our work is that coordinated cell rotation spontaneously occurs in cell clusters in the free growth regime, thus implying that cell confinement is not necessary to elicit collective rotation as previously suggested. The extent of collective rotation was size and shape dependent: a highly coordinated disc-like rotation was found in small cell clusters with a round shape, while collective rotation was suppressed in large irregular cell clusters generated by merging of different clusters in the course of their growth. The angular motion was persistent in the same direction, although clockwise and anticlockwise rotations were equally likely to occur among different cell clusters. Radial cell velocity was quite low as compared to the angular velocity, in agreement with the free expansion regime where cluster growth is essentially governed by cell proliferation. A clear difference in morphology was observed between cells at the periphery and the ones in the core of the clusters, the former being more elongated and spread out as compared to the latter. Overall, our results, to our knowledge, provide the first quantitative and systematic evidence that coordinated cell rotation does not require a spatial confinement and occurs spontaneously in freely expanding epithelial cell colonies, possibly as a mechanism for the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Ascione
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Speranza Esposito
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Rachela Villella
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Maiuri
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Mehrana R. Nejad
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | | | - Julia M. Yeomans
- The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Stefano Guido
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Piazza S, Colombo F, Bani C, Fumagalli M, Vincentini O, Sangiovanni E, Martinelli G, Biella S, Silano M, Restani P, Dell’Agli M, Di Lorenzo C. Evaluation of the Potential Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Black Rice in the Framework of Celiac Disease. Foods 2022; 12:63. [PMID: 36613279 PMCID: PMC9818972 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are two mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of celiac disease (CD). Since the direct effect of gliadin on the intestinal epithelia is less studied, the aims of this study were the development of a specific cellular model based on the use of gliadin as a pro-inflammatory stimulus and the evaluation of the potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts from different black rice in the framework of CD. The rice extracts were in vitro digested, characterized in terms of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, and tested on Caco-2 cells to investigate their inhibitory effect on Reactive Oxygen Species, the NF-κB transcription and the CXC chemokines (sICAM-1, IL-8, and CXCL-10). In addition, the role of the extracts in modulating the activation of epithelial cells in CD was confirmed by applying the K562(S) agglutination test. The black rice extracts showed inhibitory effects on the production of the oxidative and the inflammatory mediators considered, with particular reference to lymphocyte-attracting CXCL-10 both before and after digestion. The presence of anthocyanins and their digestion metabolites may account for the observed anti-inflammatory activity after in vitro digestion. This work provided preliminary data supporting the use of black rice as a healthy food or ingredient of food supplements for celiacs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Piazza
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Colombo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Corinne Bani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Olimpia Vincentini
- Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Enrico Sangiovanni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Martinelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Biella
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Silano
- Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - Patrizia Restani
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
- Coordinating Research Center (CRC) “Innovation for Well-Being and Environment”, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Dell’Agli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Di Lorenzo
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences (DiSFeB), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Pigmented Corn Varieties as Functional Ingredients for Gluten-Free Products. Foods 2021; 10:foods10081770. [PMID: 34441547 PMCID: PMC8392392 DOI: 10.3390/foods10081770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress, one among the several factors responsible for the gluten toxicity in celiac disease, together with inflammation and duodenal mucosal injury, are only partially reduced by the gluten-free diet. Thanks to their phenolic profile, the pigmented varieties of corn could be an interesting source of dietary antioxidants for the formulation of new gluten-free ingredients. The aim of this research was: (1) to characterize the phenolic profile and the associated antioxidant properties of corn samples with different pigmentation, using spectrophotometric and chromatographic techniques and (2) to assess the stability of anthocyanins during the gastro-intestinal digestion. The pigmented varieties showed a significantly higher content of polyphenols compared to the common yellow varieties and, as a consequence, a higher antioxidant activity. Although corn is among the cereals most frequently used in gluten-free products, it can produce an inflammatory response in some celiac patients. Therefore, after the chemical characterization, the safety of the pigmented varieties for celiac patients was confirmed using different in vitro models (cell agglutination test and the measure of transepithelial electrical resistance). Although in vivo studies are necessary, the data collected in this study underline that the pigmented corn could have a role in reducing the oxidative stress at the intestinal level in celiac subjects.
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Pettoello-Mantovani M, Mestrovic J, Namazova-Baranova Md PhD L, Giardino I, Somekh E, Vural M. Ensuring Safe Food for Infants: The Importance of an Integrated Approach to Monitor and Reduce the Risks of Biological, Chemical, and Physical Hazards. J Pediatr 2021; 229:315-316.e2. [PMID: 33152369 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.10.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani
- European Paediatric Association/Union of National European Paediatric Societies and Associations (EPA/UNEPSA), Berlin, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Scientific Institute "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Julije Mestrovic
- European Paediatric Association/Union of National European Paediatric Societies and Associations (EPA/UNEPSA), Berlin, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Medical School of Split, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Leyla Namazova-Baranova Md PhD
- European Paediatric Association/Union of National European Paediatric Societies and Associations (EPA/UNEPSA), Berlin, Germany; Russian Academy of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Moscow, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ida Giardino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Eli Somekh
- European Paediatric Association/Union of National European Paediatric Societies and Associations (EPA/UNEPSA), Berlin, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mehmet Vural
- European Paediatric Association/Union of National European Paediatric Societies and Associations (EPA/UNEPSA), Berlin, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, University of Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Child healthcare services offered by the Vatican City State in its national territory and in extra-territorial neighboring Italian areas. Turk Arch Pediatr 2020; 55:105-111. [PMID: 32963486 PMCID: PMC7488182 DOI: 10.14744/turkpediatriars.2020.23690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric healthcare activity related to the Vatican City State is carried out at secondary and tertiary levels in the two main pediatric territorial and extra-territorial medical centers, which are administered by the Vatican: the Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital and the Mother and Child pediatric Department of the Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Medical Center. Both centers are recognized by the Italian State and internationally with the formal legal status of Scientific Institutes for Clinical Research. The relations established between the Holy See, in the person of the Secretary of State, the Board of Directors, the President of the Board, and the Board of Auditors regulate the management of the two medical centers. The child healthcare and research activity of the two Vatican State administered medical centers is described in this article.
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Genistein antagonizes gliadin-induced CFTR malfunction in models of celiac disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:2003-2019. [PMID: 30981209 PMCID: PMC6503870 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In celiac disease (CD), an intolerance to dietary gluten/gliadin, antigenic gliadin peptides trigger an HLA-DQ2/DQ8-restricted adaptive Th1 immune response. Epithelial stress, induced by other non-antigenic gliadin peptides, is required for gliadin to become fully immunogenic. We found that cystic-fibrosis-transmembrane-conductance-regulator (CFTR) acts as membrane receptor for gliadin-derived peptide P31-43, as it binds to CFTR and impairs its channel function. P31-43-induced CFTR malfunction generates epithelial stress and intestinal inflammation. Maintaining CFTR in an active open conformation by the CFTR potentiators VX-770 (Ivacaftor) or Vrx-532, prevents P31-43 binding to CFTR and controls gliadin-induced manifestations. Here, we evaluated the possibility that the over-the-counter nutraceutical genistein, known to potentiate CFTR function, would allow to control gliadin-induced alterations. We demonstrated that pre-treatment with genistein prevented P31-43-induced CFTR malfunction and an epithelial stress response in Caco-2 cells. These effects were abrogated when the CFTR gene was knocked out by CRISP/Cas9 technology, indicating that genistein protects intestinal epithelial cells by potentiating CFTR function. Notably, genistein protected gliadin-sensitive mice from intestinal CFTR malfunction and gliadin-induced inflammation as it prevented gliadin-induced IFN-γ production by celiac peripheral-blood-mononuclear-cells (PBMC) cultured ex-vivo in the presence of P31-43-challenged Caco-2 cells. Our results indicate that natural compounds capable to increase CFTR channel gating might be used for the treatment of CD.
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9
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Martucciello S, Sposito S, Esposito C, Paolella G, Caputo I. Interplay between Type 2 Transglutaminase (TG2), Gliadin Peptide 31-43 and Anti-TG2 Antibodies in Celiac Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103673. [PMID: 32456177 PMCID: PMC7279455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a common intestinal inflammatory disease involving both a genetic background and environmental triggers. The ingestion of gluten, a proteic component of several cereals, represents the main hexogen factor implied in CD onset that involves concomitant innate and adaptive immune responses to gluten. Immunogenicity of some gluten sequences are strongly enhanced as the consequence of the deamidation of specific glutamine residues by type 2 transglutaminase (TG2), a ubiquitous enzyme whose expression is up-regulated in the intestine of CD patients. A short gluten sequence resistant to intestinal proteases, the α-gliadin peptide 31-43, seems to modulate TG2 function in the gut; on the other hand, the enzyme can affect the biological activity of this peptide. In addition, an intense auto-immune response towards TG2 is a hallmark of CD. Auto-antibodies exert a range of biological effects on several cells, effects that in part overlap with those induced by peptide 31-43. In this review, we delineate a scenario in which TG2, anti-TG2 antibodies and peptide 31-43 closely relate to each other, thus synergistically participating in CD starting and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Martucciello
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.M.); (C.E.); (G.P.)
| | - Silvia Sposito
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy;
| | - Carla Esposito
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.M.); (C.E.); (G.P.)
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy;
| | - Gaetana Paolella
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.M.); (C.E.); (G.P.)
| | - Ivana Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (S.M.); (C.E.); (G.P.)
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food-Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089-969592; Fax: +39-089-969603
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Ferrara P, Franceschini G, Namazova-Baranova L, Vural M, Mestrovic J, Nigri L, Giardino I, Pop TL, Sacco M, Pettoello-Mantovani M. Lifelong Negative Influence of School Violence on Children. J Pediatr 2019; 215:287-288.e2. [PMID: 31761142 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ferrara
- Institute of Pediatrics, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy; Service of Pediatrics, Campus Bio-Medico University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Leyla Namazova-Baranova
- European Pediatric Association/Union of National European Pediatric Societies and Associations, Berlin, Germany; Russian Medical Research and Scientific Medical University of Moscow, Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mehmet Vural
- European Pediatric Association/Union of National European Pediatric Societies and Associations, Berlin, Germany; University of Istanbul, Istanbul University Cerrahpaşa, Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Julije Mestrovic
- European Pediatric Association/Union of National European Pediatric Societies and Associations, Berlin, Germany; Medical School of Split, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Luigi Nigri
- European Pediatric Association/Union of National European Pediatric Societies and Associations, Berlin, Germany; Italian Federation of Pediatricians, Rome, Italy
| | - Ida Giardino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Tudor Lucian Pop
- European Pediatric Association/Union of National European Pediatric Societies and Associations, Berlin, Germany; 2nd Pediatric Clinic, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michele Sacco
- Department of Pediatrics, Scientific Institute "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani
- European Pediatric Association/Union of National European Pediatric Societies and Associations, Berlin, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Scientific Institute "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
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Sbrizzi S, Quitadamo PA, Ravidà D, Palumbo G, Cristalli PP, Pettoello-Mantovani M. Analytical Study of Donor's Milk Bank Macronutrients by Infrared Spectroscopy. Correlations With Clinic-Metabolic Profile of 100 Donors. Front Public Health 2019; 7:234. [PMID: 31572700 PMCID: PMC6752055 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2019.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
For its specific qualitative characteristics human donor milk (DM) is the main alternative to preterm infants nutrition and growing. How several studies suggest child's physical and mental development is influenced by breastfeeding that prevents the necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), and sepsis common in preterm newborns. Our research was conducted in NICU's Human Milk Bank (HMB) "Allattiamolavita." Our study was based on macronutrients analysis (MA) of 100 DM samples taken until 10 days since childbirth and analyzed by spectroscopic infrared innovative method (MIRIS). This is a specific method to analyse fat (F), crude proteins (CP), true proteins (TP), carbohydrate (CHO), and total solids (TS). We also analyzed the 100 donors' clinic-metabolic profile by blood tests (PMT). Both data was collected between September 2015 and February 2018. The research was structured in two parts. In the first part we compared PMT with qualitative and quantitative characteristics of MA while in the second one we studied every DM macronutrient finding furthermore possible relations between them. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-IBM 24) was used to compare data and reporting coefficient of determination using Spearman's Rho and Kendall's Tau. We also analyzed samples using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student T-test, ANOVA, Whitney U-test, and chi-square test. Statistically significant correlations were noted between maternal serum proteins and CP-TP of DM. The research showed also significant correlations between azotaemia and TP and an inverse correlation between serum creatinine and CP. No statistically significant correlation was observed between donors' glycaemia and CHO. Mineral concentrations of DM emerged independent of blood minerals (P, Ca, Fe, Na). We also calculated a normal range for individual macronutrient of human transitional milk (TM) that was not established in literature yet. Our experience allowed us to underline that human milk is a privileged site compared to donors' clinical and metabolic disorders. Our analysis showed the major role of the HMB to provide DM to improve clinical status, growing, and neurocognitive short and long term outcome of preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Sbrizzi
- NICU, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Biasci P, Sanz AC, Pop TL, Pettoello-Mantovani M, D'Avino A, Nigri L. The State of Children's Health in Europe. J Pediatr 2019; 209:260-261.e1. [PMID: 31128729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Biasci
- Italian Federation of Pediatricians, Rome, Italy
| | - Angel Carrasco Sanz
- European Confederation of Primary Care Paediatricians (EPCP), Lyon, France; Primary Care Health Centre Potosi, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tudor Lucian Pop
- 2nd Paediatric Clinic, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Romanian Society of Social Pediatrics, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; European Paediatric Association/Union of National European Paediatric Societies and Associations (EPA/UNEPSA), Berlin, Germany
| | - Massimo Pettoello-Mantovani
- European Paediatric Association/Union of National European Paediatric Societies and Associations (EPA/UNEPSA), Berlin, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, Scientific Institute "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza", University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | | | - Luigi Nigri
- Italian Federation of Pediatricians, Rome, Italy; European Paediatric Association/Union of National European Paediatric Societies and Associations (EPA/UNEPSA), Berlin, Germany
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Villella VR, Tosco A, Esposito S, Bona G, Raia V, Maiuri L. Mutation-specific therapies and drug repositioning in cystic fibrosis. Minerva Pediatr 2019; 71:287-296. [DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4946.19.05506-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Maiuri L, Villella VR, Raia V, Kroemer G. The gliadin-CFTR connection: new perspectives for the treatment of celiac disease. Ital J Pediatr 2019; 45:40. [PMID: 30898172 PMCID: PMC6429699 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-019-0627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial loss-of-function mutations of the gene coding for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channel protein cause cystic fibrosis (CF), the most frequent inherited life-threatening disease in the Caucasian population. A recent study indicates that the gluten/gliadin-derived peptide (P31–43) can cause CFTR inhibition in intestinal epithelial cells, thus causing a local stress response that contributes to the immunopathology of celiac disease (CD). Accordingly, an increased prevalence of CD has been observed in several cohorts of CF patients. CD is characterized by a permanent intolerance to gluten/gliadin proteins occurring in a proportion of susceptible individuals who bear the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DQ2/DQ8. In CD, perturbations of the intestinal environment, together with the activation of the innate immune system by P31–43, are essential for rendering other immunodominant gliadin peptide fully antigenic, thus triggering an adaptive immune response with an autoimmune component. P31–43-induced CFTR inhibition elicits the danger signals that ignite the epithelial stress response and perturb epithelial proteostasis. Importantly, potentiators of CFTR channel gating, such as the FDA-approved drug Ivacaftor, prevent P31–43 driven CFTR inhibition and suppress the gliadin-induced stress response in cells from celiac patients, as well as the immunopathology developing in gliadin-sensitive mice. Thus, CFTR potentiators may represent a novel therapeutic option for celiac patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Maiuri
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria R Villella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy
| | - Valeria Raia
- Regional Cystic Fibrosis Center, Pediatric Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contrele Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. .,INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France. .,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. .,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France. .,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Villella VR, Esposito S, Ferrari E, Monzani R, Tosco A, Rossin F, Castaldo A, Silano M, Marseglia GL, Romani L, Barlev NA, Piacentini M, Raia V, Kroemer G, Maiuri L. Autophagy suppresses the pathogenic immune response to dietary antigens in cystic fibrosis. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:258. [PMID: 30874543 PMCID: PMC6420598 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1500-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, a finely tuned system of cellular adaptation allows the intestinal mucosa to maintain the gut barrier function while avoiding excessive immune responses to non-self-antigens from dietary origin or from commensal microbes. This homeostatic function is compromised in cystic fibrosis (CF) due to loss-of-function mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Recently, we reported that mice bearing defective CFTR are abnormally susceptible to a celiac disease-like enteropathy, in thus far that oral challenge with the gluten derivative gliadin elicits an inflammatory response. However, the mechanisms through which CFTR malfunction drives such an exaggerated response to dietary protein remains elusive. Here we demonstrate that the proteostasis regulator/transglutaminase 2 (TGM2) inhibitor cysteamine restores reduced Beclin 1 (BECN1) protein levels in mice bearing cysteamine-rescuable F508del-CFTR mutant, either in homozygosis or in compound heterozygosis with a null allele, but not in knock-out CFTR mice. When cysteamine restored BECN1 expression, autophagy was increased and gliadin-induced inflammation was reduced. The beneficial effects of cysteamine on F508del-CFTR mice were lost when these mice were backcrossed into a Becn1 haploinsufficient/autophagy-deficient background. Conversely, the transfection-enforced expression of BECN1 in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells mitigated the pro-inflammatory cellular stress response elicited by the gliadin-derived P31–43 peptide. In conclusion, our data provide the proof-of-concept that autophagy stimulation may mitigate the intestinal malfunction of CF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria R Villella
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Speranza Esposito
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ferrari
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Romina Monzani
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Antonella Tosco
- Regional Cystic Fibrosis Center, Pediatric Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Federica Rossin
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Castaldo
- Regional Cystic Fibrosis Center, Pediatric Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Marco Silano
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Roma, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Marseglia
- Dipartimento di Pediatria, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luigina Romani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nikolai A Barlev
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Institute of Citology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mauro Piacentini
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria Raia
- Regional Cystic Fibrosis Center, Pediatric Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University Naples, Naples, 80131, Italy
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Equipe11 labellisée Ligue Nationale contrele Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. .,INSERM U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France. .,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. .,Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France. .,Suzhou Institute for Systems Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China. .,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, 17176, Sweden.
| | - Luigi Maiuri
- European Institute for Research in Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, 28100, Italy
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16
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Zima A, Czechowska J, Siek D, Olkowski R, Noga M, Lewandowska-Szumieł M, Ślósarczyk A. How calcite and modified hydroxyapatite influence physicochemical properties and cytocompatibility of alpha-TCP based bone cements. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2017; 28:117. [PMID: 28681217 PMCID: PMC5498620 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-017-5934-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays successful regeneration of damaged bone tissue is a major problem of the reconstructive medicine and tissue engineering. Recently a great deal of attention has been focused on calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) as the effective bone fillers. Despite a number of studies regarding CPCs, only a few compare the physicochemical and biological properties of α-TCP based materials of various phase compositions. In our study we compared the effect of several components (calcite, hydroxyapatite doped with Mg2+, CO32- or Ag+ ions, alginate, chitosan and methylcellulose) on the physicochemical and biological properties of α-TCP-based bone cements. The influence of materials composition on their setting times, microstructure and biochemical stability in simulated body fluid was determined. A number of in vitro laboratory methods, including ICP-OES, metabolic activity test, time-lapse microscopic observation and SEM observations were performed in order to assess biocompatibility of the studied biomaterials. The positive outcome of XTT tests for ceramic extracts demonstrated that all investigated cement-type composites may be considered cytocompatible according to ISO 10993-5 standard. Results of our research indicate that multiphase cements containing MgCHA, AgHA and calcite combined with αTCP enhanced cell viability in comparison to material based only on αTCP. Furthermore materials containing chitosan and methylcellulose possessed higher cytocompatibility than those with alginate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Zima
- Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Joanna Czechowska
- Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Siek
- Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Radosław Olkowski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chałubińskiego St., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chałubińskiego St., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Noga
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chałubińskiego St., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Lewandowska-Szumieł
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Center for Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chałubińskiego St., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
- Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, 1B Banacha St., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ślósarczyk
- Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Av., 30-059, Krakow, Poland
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17
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Ascione F, Caserta S, Guido S. The wound healing assay revisited: A transport phenomena approach. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Feriotto G, Calza R, Bergamini CM, Griffin M, Wang Z, Beninati S, Ferretti V, Marzola E, Guerrini R, Pagnoni A, Cavazzini A, Casciano F, Mischiati C. Involvement of cell surface TG2 in the aggregation of K562 cells triggered by gluten. Amino Acids 2016; 49:551-565. [PMID: 27699491 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Gluten-induced aggregation of K562 cells represents an in vitro model reproducing the early steps occurring in the small bowel of celiac patients exposed to gliadin. Despite the clear involvement of TG2 in the activation of the antigen-presenting cells, it is not yet clear in which compartment it occurs. Herein we study the calcium-dependent aggregation of these cells, using either cell-permeable or cell-impermeable TG2 inhibitors. Gluten induces efficient aggregation when calcium is absent in the extracellular environment, while TG2 inhibitors do not restore the full aggregating potential of gluten in the presence of calcium. These findings suggest that TG2 activity is not essential in the cellular aggregation mechanism. We demonstrate that gluten contacts the cells and provokes their aggregation through a mechanism involving the A-gliadin peptide 31-43. This peptide also activates the cell surface associated extracellular TG2 in the absence of calcium. Using a bioinformatics approach, we identify the possible docking sites of this peptide on the open and closed TG2 structures. Peptide docks with the closed TG2 structure near to the GTP/GDP site, by establishing molecular interactions with the same amino acids involved in stabilization of GTP binding. We suggest that it may occur through the displacement of GTP, switching the TG2 structure from the closed to the active open conformation. Furthermore, docking analysis shows peptide binding with the β-sandwich domain of the closed TG2 structure, suggesting that this region could be responsible for the different aggregating effects of gluten shown in the presence or absence of calcium. We deduce from these data a possible mechanism of action by which gluten makes contact with the cell surface, which could have possible implications in the celiac disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Feriotto
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Calza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - C M Bergamini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - M Griffin
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK
| | - Z Wang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, UK
| | - S Beninati
- Department of Biology, University "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - V Ferretti
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Marzola
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - R Guerrini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Pagnoni
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - F Casciano
- Department of Morphology, Surgery and Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,LTTA Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Mischiati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Surgical Specialties, School of Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
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19
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Ascione F, Vasaturo A, Caserta S, D'Esposito V, Formisano P, Guido S. Comparison between fibroblast wound healing and cell random migration assays in vitro. Exp Cell Res 2016; 347:123-132. [PMID: 27475838 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell migration plays a key role in many biological processes, including cancer growth and invasion, embryogenesis, angiogenesis, inflammatory response, and tissue repair. In this work, we compare two well-established experimental approaches for the investigation of cell motility in vitro: the cell random migration (CRM) and the wound healing (WH) assay. In the former, extensive tracking of individual live cells trajectories by time-lapse microscopy and elaborate data processing are used to calculate two intrinsic motility parameters of the cell population under investigation, i.e. the diffusion coefficient and the persistence time. In the WH assay, a scratch is made in a confluent cell monolayer and the closure time of the exposed area is taken as an easy-to-measure, empirical estimate of cell migration. To compare WH and CRM we applied the two assays to investigate the motility of skin fibroblasts isolated from wild type and transgenic mice (TgPED) overexpressing the protein PED/PEA-15, which is highly expressed in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our main result is that the cell motility parameters derived from CRM can be also estimated from a time-resolved analysis of the WH assay, thus showing that the latter is also amenable to a quantitative analysis for the characterization of cell migration. To our knowledge this is the first quantitative comparison of these two widely used techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Ascione
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Angela Vasaturo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), UdR INSTM Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Vittoria D'Esposito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali (DISMET), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Pietro Formisano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali (DISMET), Università di Napoli Federico II, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy; Istituto di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Sperimentale del CNR, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Napoli, Italy
| | - Stefano Guido
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale (DICMAPI), Università di Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy; CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali (INSTM), UdR INSTM Napoli Federico II, P.le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, Italy
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20
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Vincentini O, Maialetti F, Gonnelli E, Silano M. Gliadin-dependent cytokine production in a bidimensional cellular model of celiac intestinal mucosa. Clin Exp Med 2014; 15:447-54. [PMID: 25447031 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-014-0325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The downstream cascade of the inflammatory response to gliadin in celiac intestinal mucosa encompasses the early activation of the innate immunity that triggers the adaptive response. Therefore, the in vitro study of the pathogenic mechanism of celiac disease (CD) on enterocytes alone or mucosal T lymphocytes alone does not fully consider all the aspects of gliadin-dependent inflammation. Although the in vitro culture of specimens of intestinal mucosa obtained from celiac patients is the gold standard for the study of CD, this technique presents several technical challenges and the bioptic specimens are not easily available. So, in this paper, we described the gliadin-dependent cytokine production in a bidimensional cellular system, which is able to mimic both the innate and the adaptive steps of the mucosal immune response of CD. In the upper compartment, the intestinal epithelial cells are grown on a filter, and in the lower compartment, the mononuclear cells isolated from peripheral blood of celiac patients are cultured. Cells were apically exposed to the toxic gliadin peptide p31-43 for 3 h and then with the immunodominant gliadin fragment pα-9 for 21 h. The incubation with gliadin peptides resulted in increased levels of IL-15, INF-γ, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-1β, and CCL 2, 3 and 4 in the basal supernatants, with respect to cells exposed to medium alone. The p31-43-driven epithelial priming of mucosal response consists of transglutaminase (TG2)-mediated deamidation of the immunostimulatory gliadin peptides, as demonstrated by the inhibition of pα-9 activity, when the system is exposed to blocking anti-TG2 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia Vincentini
- Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Maialetti
- Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Gonnelli
- Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Silano
- Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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21
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Gliadin peptides as triggers of the proliferative and stress/innate immune response of the celiac small intestinal mucosa. Int J Mol Sci 2014. [PMID: 25387079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120518.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a frequent inflammatory intestinal disease, with a genetic background, caused by gliadin-containing food. Undigested gliadin peptides induce innate and adaptive T cell-mediated immune responses. The major mediator of the stress and innate immune response to gliadin peptides (i.e., peptide 31-43, P31-43) is the cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15). The role of epithelial growth factor (EGF) as a mediator of enterocyte proliferation and the innate immune response has been described. In this paper, we review the most recent literature on the mechanisms responsible for triggering the up-regulation of these mediators in CD by gliadin peptides. We will discuss the role of P31-43 in enterocyte proliferation, structural changes and the innate immune response in CD mucosa in cooperation with EGF and IL-15, and the mechanism of up-regulation of these mediators related to vesicular trafficking. We will also review the literature that focuses on constitutive alterations of the structure, signalling/proliferation and stress/innate immunity pathways of CD cells. Finally, we will discuss how these pathways can be triggered by gliadin peptide P31-43 in controls, mimicking the celiac cellular phenotype.
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22
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Barone MV, Troncone R, Auricchio S. Gliadin peptides as triggers of the proliferative and stress/innate immune response of the celiac small intestinal mucosa. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:20518-37. [PMID: 25387079 PMCID: PMC4264181 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151120518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Celiac disease (CD) is a frequent inflammatory intestinal disease, with a genetic background, caused by gliadin-containing food. Undigested gliadin peptides induce innate and adaptive T cell-mediated immune responses. The major mediator of the stress and innate immune response to gliadin peptides (i.e., peptide 31–43, P31–43) is the cytokine interleukin-15 (IL-15). The role of epithelial growth factor (EGF) as a mediator of enterocyte proliferation and the innate immune response has been described. In this paper, we review the most recent literature on the mechanisms responsible for triggering the up-regulation of these mediators in CD by gliadin peptides. We will discuss the role of P31–43 in enterocyte proliferation, structural changes and the innate immune response in CD mucosa in cooperation with EGF and IL-15, and the mechanism of up-regulation of these mediators related to vesicular trafficking. We will also review the literature that focuses on constitutive alterations of the structure, signalling/proliferation and stress/innate immunity pathways of CD cells. Finally, we will discuss how these pathways can be triggered by gliadin peptide P31–43 in controls, mimicking the celiac cellular phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Barone
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Pediatrics), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Troncone
- Department of Translational Medical Science (Section of Pediatrics), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
| | - Salvatore Auricchio
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases (ELFID), University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, Naples 80131, Italy.
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23
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Samaşca G, Sur G, Lupan I. Current trends and investigative developments in celiac disease. Immunol Invest 2014; 42:273-84. [PMID: 23883196 DOI: 10.3109/08820139.2013.777074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Celiac disease has become extensively studied. What could be the cause? Increasing the accuracy of diagnostic tests for celiac disease has led to more discovered cases. Serological diagnosis of celiac disease has undergone important changes in recent years. Application of serological tests has reflected the diagnostic performance of tissue transglutaminase antibody and endomysial antibody as screening tests for celiac disease but also the progress of new serological tests as the antibodies against synthetic deamidated gliadin peptides. Serological tests are largely responsible for the recognition that celiac disease is not a rare disease. The Consensus in celiac disease from 2008 conducted under the aegis of the European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition jointly with North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition which agreed that "Celiac disease is an immune-mediated enteropathy that can affect any system or organ and that can present itself with a wide range of clinical manifestations of variable severity" was confirmed. But increasing prevalence of this disease has led to the need for new methods of treatment among patients with celiac disease. Studies on quality of life of patients with celiac disease have questioned the gluten-free diet. As such new therapies, like TG2 inhibitors, the copolymer P (HEMA-co-SS) and other new experimental therapies, have emerged in celiac disease. The new therapies in celiac disease are based on new investigations in gluten toxicity screening, like K562(S)-cell agglutination, A1 and G12 monoclonal antibodies and proteomics. In this paper we want to present the investigative developments in celiac disease. We also want to find whether a new treatment in celiac disease is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Samaşca
- Department of Immunology, "Iuliu-Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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24
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Silano M, Pozo EP, Uberti F, Manferdelli S, Del Pinto T, Felli C, Budelli A, Vincentini O, Restani P. Diversity of oat varieties in eliciting the early inflammatory events in celiac disease. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:1177-86. [PMID: 24240659 PMCID: PMC4119590 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 10/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy, triggered by dietary gluten. The only treatment is a strict gluten-free diet. Oats are included in the list of gluten-free ingredients by European Regulation, but the safety of oats in CD is still a matter of debate. The present study examined the capability of different oat cultivars of activating the gliadin-induced transglutaminase-2 (TG2)-dependent events in some in vitro models of CD. In addition, we compared this capability with the electrophoresis pattern of peptic–tryptic digests of the proteins of the oat cultivars. Methods K562(S) cells agglutination, transepithelial electrical resistance of T84-cell monolayers, intracellular levels of TG2 and phosphorylated form of protein 42–44 in T84 cells were the early gliadin-dependent events studied. Results The results showed that the Nave oat cultivar elicited these events, whereas Irina and Potenza varieties did not. The ability of a cultivar to activate the above-described events was associated with the electrophoretic pattern of oat proteins and their reactivity to anti-gliadin antibodies. Conclusion We found significant differences among oat cultivars in eliciting the TG2-mediated events of CD inflammation. Therefore, the safety of an oat cultivar in CD might be screened in vitro by means of biochemical and biological assays, before starting a clinical trial to definitely assess its safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Silano
- Unit of Human Nutrition and Health, Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità , Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy,
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25
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Abstract
Cell-matrix adhesion is a fundamental biological process that governs survival, migration, and proliferation of living eukaryotic cells. Paxillin is an important central player in a network of adhesome proteins that form focal adhesion complexes. Phosphorylation of tyrosine and serine residues in paxillin is critical for the coordinated sequential recruitment of other adaptor and kinase proteins to adhesion complexes. Recently, the phosphorylation of serine178 in paxillin has been shown to be vital for epithelial cell adhesion and migration. In vivo and in vitro evidence have shown that transglutaminase (TG)-2 positively regulates this phosphorylation. Here, we propose three possible mechanisms that may explain these observations. First, TG-2 itself may be an adhesome member directly interacting with paxillin in a non-covalent way. Second, TG-2 may cross link a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K), which eventually activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and the latter phosphorylates paxillin. Lastly, TG-2 may have intrinsic kinase activity that phosphorylates paxillin. Future studies investigating these hypotheses on TG-2-paxillin relationships are necessary in order to address this fundamental process in cell matrix adhesion signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Png
- Ocular Surface Research Group; Singapore Eye Research Institute; Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- Ocular Surface Research Group; Singapore Eye Research Institute; Singapore; Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease; Singapore National Eye Center; Singapore; Office of Clinical Science; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School; Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore; Singapore
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26
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Caserta S, Campello S, Tomaiuolo G, Sabetta L, Guido S. A methodology to study chemotaxis in 3-D collagen gels. AIChE J 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Campello
- Dept. of Experimental Neuroscience, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia; 00143; Rome; Italy
| | | | - Luigi Sabetta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II; P.le V. Tecchio 80; 80125; Naples; Italy
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27
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Cardiomyocyte differentiation of embryonic stem cells on the surface of organic semiconductors. Int J Artif Organs 2013; 36:426-33. [PMID: 23653301 DOI: 10.5301/ijao.5000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Electrically active supports provide new horizons for bio-sensing and artificial organ design. Cell-based electrochemical biosensors can be used as bio-microactuators, applied to the biorobotics. Microchip-based bioassay systems can provide real-time cell analysis for preclinical drug design or for intelligent drug delivery devices. In regenerative medicine, electrically active supports can be used as bio-reactors to monitor cell activity, optimize the stem cell differentiation and control cell and tissue morphology. Biocompatibility and direct interaction of the electrically active surface with the cell surface is a critical aspect of this technology.
METHODS In this work embryonic stem cells (AK7 ES) have been cultivated on the surface of thin films achieved through the evaporation of two aromatic compounds (T6 and PDI-8CN2 ) of particular interest for the fabrication of organic field-effect transistors (OFET). One of the potential advantages offered by the application of OFETs as bio-electronic supports is that they represent a powerful tool for the detection of bio-signals because their electrically active surface is an organic film.
RESULTS The cell morphology on T6 and PDI-8CN2 surface shows to be similar to the usual cell appearance, as obtained when standard culture support (petri dish) are employed. Moreover, our experimental results demonstrate that stem cells can be lead to differentiation up to "beating" cardiomyocytes even on these electrically-active organic films.
CONCLUSIONS This investigation encourages the perspective to develop OFET-based biosensors in order to accurately characterize stem cells during the cardiac differentiation process and eventually increase their differentiation efficiency.
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28
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The versatile role of gliadin peptides in celiac disease. Clin Biochem 2013; 46:552-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2012.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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29
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Croese J, Gaze ST, Loukas A. Changed gluten immunity in celiac disease by Necator americanus provides new insights into autoimmunity. Int J Parasitol 2013; 43:275-82. [PMID: 23291460 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We recently completed clinical trials in people with diet-treated celiac disease who were purposefully infected with the ubiquitous human hookworm, Necator americanus. Hookworm infection elicited not only parasite-specific immunity but also modified the host's immune response to gluten. After infection, mucosal IL-1β and IL-22 responses were enhanced, but IFNγ and IL-17A levels and circulating regulatory T cells following gluten challenge were suppressed, and the adaptive response to gluten acquired a helper T cell type-2 profile. In this review, we briefly, (i) highlight the utility celiac disease offers autoimmune research, (ii) discuss safety and personal experience with N. americanus, (iii) summarise the direct and bystander impact that hookworm infection has on mucosal immunity to the parasite and gluten, respectively, and (iv) speculate why this hookworm's success depends on healing its host and how this might impact on a propensity to autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Croese
- The Department of Gastroenterology, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Australia.
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30
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Vasaturo A, Caserta S, Russo I, Preziosi V, Ciacci C, Guido S. A novel chemotaxis assay in 3-D collagen gels by time-lapse microscopy. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52251. [PMID: 23284956 PMCID: PMC3526591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The directional cell response to chemical gradients, referred to as chemotaxis, plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes including development, immune response and tumor cell invasion. Despite such implications, chemotaxis remains a challenging process to study under physiologically-relevant conditions in-vitro, mainly due to difficulties in generating a well characterized and sustained gradient in substrata mimicking the in-vivo environment while allowing dynamic cell imaging. Here, we describe a novel chemotaxis assay in 3D collagen gels, based on a reusable direct-viewing chamber in which a chemoattractant gradient is generated by diffusion through a porous membrane. The diffusion process has been analysed by monitoring the concentration of FITC-labelled dextran through epifluorescence microscopy and by comparing experimental data with theoretical and numerical predictions based on Fick's law. Cell migration towards chemoattractant gradients has been followed by time-lapse microscopy and quantified by cell tracking based on image analysis techniques. The results are expressed in terms of chemotactic index (I) and average cell velocity. The assay has been tested by comparing the migration of human neutrophils in isotropic conditions and in the presence of an Interleukin-8 (IL-8) gradient. In the absence of IL-8 stimulation, 80% of the cells showed a velocity ranging from 0 to 1 µm/min. However, in the presence of an IL-8 gradient, 60% of the cells showed an increase in velocity reaching values between 2 and 7 µm/min. Furthermore, after IL-8 addition, I increased from 0 to 0.25 and 0.25 to 0.5, respectively, for the two donors examined. These data indicate a pronounced directional migration of neutrophils towards the IL-8 gradient in 3D collagen matrix. The chemotaxis assay described here can be adapted to other cell types and may serve as a physiologically relevant method to study the directed locomotion of cells in a 3D environment in response to different chemoattractants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Vasaturo
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Caserta
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE – Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
| | - Ilaria Russo
- Gastrointestinal Unit Baronissi, School of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Preziosi
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Carolina Ciacci
- Gastrointestinal Unit Baronissi, School of Medicine, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Stefano Guido
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
- CEINGE – Advanced Biotechnologies, Naples, Italy
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31
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Abstract
Gluten sensitivity has been best recognized and understood in the context of two conditions, celiac disease and wheat allergy. However, some individuals complain of symptoms in response to ingestion of "gluten," without histologic or serologic evidence of celiac disease or wheat allergy. The term non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) has been suggested for this condition, although a role for gluten proteins as the sole trigger of the associated symptoms remains to be established. This article reviews the available information regarding symptomatology, epidemiology and genetics, serology and histology, and in vitro and in vivo experimental data on the pathophysiology of NCGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Knut E A Lundin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Center for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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