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Chang C, Vivekanandarajah A, Waters KA, Machaalani R. Cell death in the lateral geniculate nucleus, and its possible relationship with nicotinic receptors and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:4120-4131. [PMID: 37041306 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03332-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The role of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in vision has been extensively studied, yet its extraretinal capacities are still being investigated, including its role in arousal from sleep. The β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit is involved in the laminal organisation of the LGN with magnocellular (MC) and parvocellular (PC) neurons. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) occurs during a sleep period and, neuropathologically, is associated with increased neuronal cell death and altered nAChRs. A recent qualitative pilot study from our group implicates the possibility of increased neuronal death/apoptosis in the SIDS LGN. The present study used quantitative analysis to report the baseline expression of apoptotic and nAChR subunits α7 and β2 in the PC and MC layers of the LGN, to determine correlations amongst these markers within layers and across layers, and to evaluate changes in the expression of these markers in the LGN of SIDS infants, along with associations with SIDS risk factors, such as age, sex, cigarette smoke exposure, bed-sharing, and presence of an upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). Tissue was immunohistochemically stained for cell death markers of active caspase-3 (Casp-3) and TUNEL, and for the α7 and β2 nAChR subunits. Amongst 43 cases of sudden and unexpected deaths in infancy (SUDI), classifications included explained deaths (eSUDI, n = 9), SIDS I (n = 5) and SIDS II (n = 29). Results indicated a strong correlation of the apoptotic markers and β2 nAChR subunit between the LGN layers, but not across the markers within the layers. Amongst the diagnostic groups, compared to eSUDI, the SIDS II cases had decreased Casp-3 expression while β2 nAChR expression was increased in both PC and MC layers. Amongst the SIDS risk factors, URTI and bed-sharing were associated with changes in neuronal death but not in the α7 and β2 markers. In conclusion, our findings do not support a role for the α7 and β2 nAChRs in apoptotic regulation of the LGN layers during infancy. However, for SIDS victims, an inverse correlation between the changes for markers of apoptosis and the β2 nAChR subunit expression suggests altered LGN function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Chang
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Arunnjah Vivekanandarajah
- Discipline of Medicine, Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Karen A Waters
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Rita Machaalani
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
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2
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Berezovskiy DP, Fedulova MV, Gornostaev DV, Avanesyan HA, Borshchevskaya VN, Pigolkin YI. [Morphofunctional characteristics of the heart in sudden death of children under 1 year of age in the forensic medical aspect]. Sud Med Ekspert 2022; 65:5-8. [PMID: 35416007 DOI: 10.17116/sudmed2022650215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to describe the morphological and functional characteristics of the cardiac in sudden infants death syndrome (SIDS) in children under one year of age. Twenty eight cases of SIDS were studied histologically and immunohistochemically. Histological examination of the sectional material was carried out using standard and additional stains. The study of cardiac muscle tissue with routine staining with haematoxylin-eosin revealed interstitial oedema, uneven plethora of blood vessels: dystonia and weak plethora of part of the coronary arteries, excess of red blood cells in the veins as well as microcirculatory plethora with stasis of the erythrocytes. An immunohistochemical study revealed a mild over expression of p53 in cellular elements, small-focal expression of CD68 in cardiomyocytes apoptosis intramural areas, activation of mast cells (CD117), expression of ki-67 in macrophages, proliferation of fibroblasts. Additional forensic criteria for the diagnosis of SIDS were determined in the form of atrial endocardial fibrosis and interventricular septum; the expression of CD68, CD117 in fibroblasts, mast cells and lymphocytes; apoptosis of cardiomyocytes (expression of p53), proliferation of fibroblasts and remodeling of the heart (expression of ki-67).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M V Fedulova
- The Russian Center of Forensic Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - D V Gornostaev
- Sechenov First Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Bureau of Forensic Medicine of the Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russia
| | - H A Avanesyan
- Stavropol State Medical University, Stavropol, Russia
| | | | - Yu I Pigolkin
- Sechenov First Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Safaei P, Khadjeh G, Tabandeh MR, Asasi K. Role of cardiac hypoxia in the pathogenesis of sudden death syndrome in broiler chickens - A metabolic and molecular study. Acta Vet Hung 2021; 69:43-49. [PMID: 33764895 DOI: 10.1556/004.2021.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Sudden death syndrome (SDS) is an economically important disorder in broiler chickens with unknown aetiology. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the metabolic and molecular alterations related to hypoxia in the myocardium of broiler chickens with SDS. Samples from the cardiac muscle of internal control broiler chickens (ICs) (n = 36) and chickens having died of SDS (n = 36) were obtained during the rearing period. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and the concentration of lactate were measured in the cardiac tissue using available commercial kits. The expression of hypoxia-inducing factor 1α (HIF1α), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDHK4) and monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4) genes was determined in the myocardium by real-time PCR analysis. The results showed the elevation of lactate level and activities of LDH and CPK in the cardiac muscle of SDS-affected chickens compared with the IC birds (P < 0.05). The cardiac muscle expression of HIF1α, MCT4 and GLUT1 genes was increased, while the PDHK4 mRNA level was decreased in the SDS-affected group compared to those in the IC chickens (P < 0.05). Our results showed that metabolic remodelling associated with hypoxia in the cardiac tissues may have an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiac insufficiency and SDS in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Safaei
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Gholamhossein Khadjeh
- 1Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Tabandeh
- 2Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, 61357-831351 Ahvaz, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Keramat Asasi
- 3Poultry Diseases Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Islamic Republic of Iran
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4
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Vincenzi FF. Sudden Unexpected Death and the Mammalian Dive Response: Catastrophic Failure of a Complex Tightly Coupled System. Front Physiol 2019; 10:97. [PMID: 30886584 PMCID: PMC6389676 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In tightly coupled complex systems, when two or more factors or events interact in unanticipated ways, catastrophic failures of high-risk technical systems happen rarely, but quickly. Safety features are commonly built into complex systems to avoid disasters but are often part of the problem. The human body may be considered as a complex tightly coupled system at risk of rare catastrophic failure (sudden unexpected death, SUD) when certain factors or events interact. The mammalian dive response (MDR) is a built-in safety feature of the body that normally conserves oxygen during acute hypoxia. Activation of the MDR is the final pathway to sudden cardiac (SCD) in some cases of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), and sudden cardiac death in water (SCDIW, fatal drowning). There is no single cause in any of these death scenarios, but an array of, unanticipated, often unknown, factors or events that activate or interact with the mammalian dive reflex. In any particular case, the relevant risk factors or events might include a combination of genetic, developmental, metabolic, disease, environmental, or operational influences. Determination of a single cause in any of these death scenarios is unlikely. The common thread among these seemingly different death scenarios is activation of the mammalian dive response. The human body is a complex tightly coupled system at risk of rare catastrophic failure when that "safety feature" is activated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank F. Vincenzi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Pharmacological Information and Consultation Service, Arlington, WA, United States
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5
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Gabbay U, Carmi D, Birk E, Dagan D, Shatz A, Kidron D. The Sudden Infant Death Syndrome mechanism of death may be a non-septic hyper-dynamic shock. Med Hypotheses 2018; 122:35-40. [PMID: 30593418 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2018.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) mechanisms of death remains obscured. SIDS' Triple Risk Model assumed coexistence of individual subtle vulnerability, critical developmental period and stressors. Prone sleeping is a major risk factor but provide no clues regarding the mechanism of death. The leading assumed mechanisms of death are either an acute respiratory crisis or arrhythmias but neither one is supported with evidence, hence both are eventually speculations. Postmortem findings do exist but are inconclusive to identify the mechanism of death. WHAT DOES THE PROPOSED HYPOTHESIS BASED ON?: 1. The stressors (suggested by the triple risk model) share a unified compensatory physiological response of decrease in systemic vascular resistant (SVR) to facilitate a compensatory increase in cardiac output (CO). 2. The cardiovascular/cardiorespiratory control of the vulnerable infant during a critical developmental period may be impaired. 3. A severe decrease in SVR is associated with hyper-dynamic state, high output failure and distributive shock. THE HYPOTHESIS Infant who is exposed to one or more stressors responds normally by decrease in SVR which increases CO. In normal circumstances once the needs are met both SVR and CO are stabilized on a new steady state. The incompetent cardiovascular control of the vulnerable infant fails to stabilize SVR which decreases in an uncontrolled manner. Accordingly CO increases above the needs to hyper-dynamic state, high output heart failure and hyper-dynamic shock. CONCLUSIONS The proposed hypothesis provides an appropriate alternative to either respiratory crises or arrhythmia though both speculations cannot be entirely excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uri Gabbay
- Quality Unit, Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Doron Carmi
- Shoham Pediatric Clinic, Southern District, Clalit Health Services, Shoham, Israel
| | - Einat Birk
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Pediatric Cardiology Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - David Dagan
- Surgeon General's Headquarters, Israel Defense Forces, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Anat Shatz
- ENT, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel; Atid, the Israeli Society for the Study and Prevention of SIDS, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Debora Kidron
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Pathology Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
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Protective effect of electro-acupuncture at maternal different points on perinatal nicotine exposure-induced pulmonary dysplasia in offspring based on HPA axis and signal transduction pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 505:586-592. [PMID: 30274776 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal nicotine exposure can not only lead to lung dysplasia in offspring, but also cause epigenetic changes and induce transgenerational asthma. Previous studies have shown that electro-acupuncture (EA) applied to "Zusanli" (ST 36) can improve the lung morphology and correct abnormal expression of lung development-related protein in perinatal nicotine exposure offspring. However, it is still unclear whether ST 36 has a specific therapeutic effect and how maternal acupuncture can protect the offspring from pulmonary dysplasia. In this study, we compared the different effect of ST 36 and "Fenglong" (ST 40), which belong to the same meridian, in terms of lung pulmonary function and morphology, PPARγ, β-catenin, GR levels in the lung tissues and CORT in the serum of perinatal nicotine exposure offspring, and explored the mechanism of acupuncture based on the maternal hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. It is shown that EA applied to ST 36 could restore the normal function of maternal HPA axis and alleviate maternal glucocorticoid overexposure in offspring, thereby it can up-regulate the PTHrP/PPARγ and down-regulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, and protects perinatal nicotine exposure-induced pulmonary dysplasia in offspring. Its effect is better than that of ST 40. These results are of great significance in preventing perinatal nicotine exposure-induced pulmonary dysplasia in offspring.
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Neuronal apoptosis in the brainstem medulla of sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI), and the importance of standardized SUDI classification. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2018; 14:42-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s12024-018-9954-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Squier W, Mack J, Jansen AC. Infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly share demographic features with infants who die with retinal and dural bleeding: a review of neural mechanisms. Dev Med Child Neurol 2016; 58:1223-1234. [PMID: 27435495 DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.13202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The cause of death in infants who die suddenly and unexpectedly (sudden unexpected death in infancy [SUDI]) remains a diagnostic challenge. Some infants have identified diseases (explained SUDI); those without explanation are called sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Demographic data indicate subgroups among SUDI and SIDS cases, such as unsafe sleeping and apparent life-threatening events. Infants dying suddenly with retinal and dural bleeding are often classified as abused, but in many there is no evidence of trauma. Demographic features suggest that they may represent a further subgroup of SUDI. This review examines the neuropathological hypotheses to explain SIDS and highlights the interaction of infant oxygen-conserving reflexes with the brainstem networks considered responsible for SIDS. We consider sex- and age-specific vulnerabilities related to dural bleeding and how sensitization of the dural innervation by bleeding may influence these reflexes, potentially leading to collapse or even death after otherwise trivial insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waney Squier
- Formerly Department of Neuropathology, Oxford University John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Julie Mack
- Department of Radiology, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Anna C Jansen
- Paediatric Neurology Unit, Department of Paediatrics, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Neurogenetics Research Unit, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Elhaik E. A "Wear and Tear" Hypothesis to Explain Sudden Infant Death Syndrome. Front Neurol 2016; 7:180. [PMID: 27840622 PMCID: PMC5083856 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the leading cause of death among USA infants under 1 year of age accounting for ~2,700 deaths per year. Although formally SIDS dates back at least 2,000 years and was even mentioned in the Hebrew Bible (Kings 3:19), its etiology remains unexplained prompting the CDC to initiate a sudden unexpected infant death case registry in 2010. Due to their total dependence, the ability of the infant to allostatically regulate stressors and stress responses shaped by genetic and environmental factors is severely constrained. We propose that SIDS is the result of cumulative painful, stressful, or traumatic exposures that begin in utero and tax neonatal regulatory systems incompatible with allostasis. We also identify several putative biochemical mechanisms involved in SIDS. We argue that the important characteristics of SIDS, namely male predominance (60:40), the significantly different SIDS rate among USA Hispanics (80% lower) compared to whites, 50% of cases occurring between 7.6 and 17.6 weeks after birth with only 10% after 24.7 weeks, and seasonal variation with most cases occurring during winter, are all associated with common environmental stressors, such as neonatal circumcision and seasonal illnesses. We predict that neonatal circumcision is associated with hypersensitivity to pain and decreased heart rate variability, which increase the risk for SIDS. We also predict that neonatal male circumcision will account for the SIDS gender bias and that groups that practice high male circumcision rates, such as USA whites, will have higher SIDS rates compared to groups with lower circumcision rates. SIDS rates will also be higher in USA states where Medicaid covers circumcision and lower among people that do not practice neonatal circumcision and/or cannot afford to pay for circumcision. We last predict that winter-born premature infants who are circumcised will be at higher risk of SIDS compared to infants who experienced fewer nociceptive exposures. All these predictions are testable experimentally using animal models or cohort studies in humans. Our hypothesis provides new insights into novel risk factors for SIDS that can reduce its risk by modifying current infant care practices to reduce nociceptive exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Elhaik
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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10
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Siren PMA. SIDS-CDF hypothesis revisited: explaining hypoxia in SIDS. Ups J Med Sci 2016; 121:199-201. [PMID: 27460606 PMCID: PMC4967269 DOI: 10.1080/03009734.2016.1176972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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El-Kashef N, Gomes I, Mercer-Chalmers-Bender K, Schneider PM, Rothschild MA, Juebner M. Validation of adequate endogenous reference genes for reverse transcription-qPCR studies in human post-mortem brain tissue of SIDS cases. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2015; 11:517-29. [DOI: 10.1007/s12024-015-9717-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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12
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Hara M, Takahashi T, Mitsumasu C, Igata S, Takano M, Minami T, Yasukawa H, Okayama S, Nakamura K, Okabe Y, Tanaka E, Takemura G, Kosai KI, Yamashita Y, Matsuishi T. Disturbance of cardiac gene expression and cardiomyocyte structure predisposes Mecp2-null mice to arrhythmias. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11204. [PMID: 26073556 PMCID: PMC4466896 DOI: 10.1038/srep11204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is an epigenetic regulator of gene expression that is essential for normal brain development. Mutations in MeCP2 lead to disrupted neuronal function and can cause Rett syndrome (RTT), a neurodevelopmental disorder. Previous studies reported cardiac dysfunction, including arrhythmias in both RTT patients and animal models of RTT. In addition, recent studies indicate that MeCP2 may be involved in cardiac development and dysfunction, but its role in the developing and adult heart remains unknown. In this study, we found that Mecp2-null ESCs could differentiate into cardiomyocytes, but the development and further differentiation of cardiovascular progenitors were significantly affected in MeCP2 deficiency. In addition, we revealed that loss of MeCP2 led to dysregulation of endogenous cardiac genes and myocardial structural alterations, although Mecp2-null mice did not exhibit obvious cardiac functional abnormalities. Furthermore, we detected methylation of the CpG islands in the Tbx5 locus, and showed that MeCP2 could target these sequences. Taken together, these results suggest that MeCP2 is an important regulator of the gene-expression program responsible for maintaining normal cardiac development and cardiomyocyte structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munetsugu Hara
- 1] Division of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases [2] Department of Pediatrics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Takahashi
- 1] Division of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases [2] Department of Pediatrics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Chiaki Mitsumasu
- 1] Division of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases [2] Department of Pediatrics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Igata
- Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Makoto Takano
- Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Tomoko Minami
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasukawa
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Satoko Okayama
- Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Nakamura
- Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yasunori Okabe
- 1] Division of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases [2] Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Tanaka
- Department of Physiology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Genzou Takemura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Asahi University School of Dentistry, Gifu, Japan
| | - Ken-ichiro Kosai
- 1] Division of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases [2] Department of Pediatrics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan [3] Department of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Advanced Therapeutics Course, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yushiro Yamashita
- Department of Pediatrics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Toyojiro Matsuishi
- 1] Division of Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, Cognitive and Molecular Research Institute of Brain Diseases [2] Department of Pediatrics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Neary MT, Neary JM, Lund GK, Holt TN, Garry FB, Mohun TJ, Breckenridge RA. Myosin heavy chain 15 is associated with bovine pulmonary arterial pressure. Pulm Circ 2015; 4:496-503. [PMID: 25621163 DOI: 10.1086/677364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine pulmonary hypertension, brisket disease, causes significant morbidity and mortality at elevations above 2,000 m. Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) is moderately heritable, with inheritance estimated to lie within a few major genes. Invasive mPAP measurement is currently the only tool available to identify cattle at risk of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. A genetic test could allow selection of cattle suitable for high altitude without the need for invasive testing. In this study we evaluated three candidate genes (myosin heavy chain 15 [MYH15], NADH dehydrogenase flavoprotein 2, and FK binding protein 1A) for association with mPAP in 166 yearling Angus bulls grazing at 2,182 m. The T allele (rs29016420) of MYH15 was linked to lower mPAP in a dominant manner (CC 47.2 ± 1.6 mmHg [mean ± standard error of the mean]; CT/TT 42.8 ± 0.7 mmHg; P = 0.02). The proportions of cattle with MYH15 CC, CT, and TT genotypes were 55%, 41%, and 4%, respectively. Given the high frequency of the deleterious allele, it is likely that the relative contribution of MYH15 polymorphisms to pulmonary hypertension is small, supporting previous predictions that the disease is polygenic. We evaluated allelic frequency of MYH15 in the Himalayan yak (Bos grunniens), a closely related species adapted to high altitude, and found 100% prevalence of T allele homozygosity. In summary, we identified a polymorphism in MYH15 significantly associated with mPAP. This finding may aid selection of cattle suitable for high altitude and contribute to understanding human hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne T Neary
- Medical Research Council, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom ; These two authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Joseph M Neary
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA ; These two authors contributed equally to the work
| | - Gretchen K Lund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy N Holt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Franklyn B Garry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Timothy J Mohun
- Medical Research Council, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ross A Breckenridge
- Medical Research Council, National Institute for Medical Research, Mill Hill, London, United Kingdom ; Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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