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Idogawa M, Mariya T, Tanaka Y, Saito T, Nakase H, Tokino T, Sakurai A. The frequency and pathogenicity of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants in the general Japanese population. J Hum Genet 2024; 69:225-230. [PMID: 38409497 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-024-01233-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) resulting from pathogenic variants of BRCA1 or BRCA2 is the most common and well-documented hereditary tumor. Although founder variants have been identified in population-based surveys in various countries, the types of variants are not uniform across races and regions. Recently, the Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization (ToMMo) released whole-genome sequence data including approximately 54,000 individuals from the general population of the Tohoku area in Japan. We analyzed these data and comprehensively identified the prevalence of BRCA1/2 pathogenic and truncating variants. We believe that an accurate understanding of the unique distribution and characteristics of pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants in Japan through this analysis will enable better surveillance and intervention for HBOC patients, not only in Japan but also worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Idogawa
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Tasuku Mariya
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yumi Tanaka
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakase
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Tokino
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Cancer Research Institute, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakurai
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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Matsubayashi H, Todaka A, Kawakami T, Hamauchi S, Yokota T, Higashigawa S, Kiyozumi Y, Harada R, Kado N, Nishimura S, Ishiwatari H, Sato J, Niiya F, Ono H, Sugiura T, Sasaki K, Yasui H, Yamazaki K. Genetic medicine in companion diagnostics of germline BRCA testing of Japanese pancreatic cancer patients. J Hum Genet 2023; 68:81-86. [PMID: 36482120 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-022-01097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In 2021, Japan's national health insurance made germline BRCA (g.BRCA) testing available to unresectable pancreatic cancer (PC) patients as a companion diagnostic (CD) of the PARP inhibitor. This study investigated the incidence of the g.BRCA variant (g.BRCAv.) and the status of the genetic medicine associated with its testing. A total of 110 PC patients underwent the testing, five of whom (4.5%) had a deleterious g.BRCA2v. (all truncations) but no g.BRCA1v. The turnaround time (TAT) to the doctors was 13 days, and to the patients, 17 days. A higher incidence of a BRCA-related family history and a shorter TAT were seen in the g.BRCAv. patients, but they were insignificant (p = 0.085 and p = 0.059, respectively). Genetic counseling was not performed for three g.BRCA2v. patients because two of them had no accessible relatives and one died of the cancer before the genetic report was completed. Two families underwent generic counseling and testing based on the patient's genetic data. g.BRCAv. is recognized in a small fraction of PC cases, and the following genetic counseling is done more for the relatives than for the patients. TAT was constant and did not affect much on the genetic counseling, but the earlier testing is expected for patients with a deadly cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Matsubayashi
- Division of Genetic Medicine Promotion, Shizuoka, Japan. .,Division of Endoscopy, Shizuoka, Japan.
| | - Akiko Todaka
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Tomoya Yokota
- Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | - Rina Harada
- Division of Genetic Medicine Promotion, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kado
- Division of Genetic Medicine Promotion, Shizuoka, Japan.,Division of Gynecology, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Seiichiro Nishimura
- Division of Genetic Medicine Promotion, Shizuoka, Japan.,Division of Breast Surgery, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Teiichi Sugiura
- Division of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Shizuoka, Japan
| | | | - Hirofumi Yasui
- Division of Genetic Medicine Promotion, Shizuoka, Japan.,Division of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Shizuoka, Japan
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Mahmood T, Ved A, Siddiqui MH, Ahsan F, Shamim A, Ansari VA, Ahmad A, Kashyap MK. An in-Depth Analysis of Ovarian Cancer: Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestation. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2022; 72:424-434. [PMID: 35760337 DOI: 10.1055/a-1867-4654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is characterized by the establishment of tolerance, the recurrence of disease, as well as a poor prognosis. Gene signatures in ovarian cancer cells enable cancer medicine research, therapy, prevention, & management problematic. Notwithstanding advances in tumor puncture surgery, novel combinations regimens, and abdominal radiation, which can provide outstanding reaction times, the bulk of gynecological tumor patients suffer from side effects & relapse. As a consequence, more therapy alternatives for individuals with ovarian cancer must always be studied to minimize side effects and improve progression-free and total response rates. The development of cancer medications is presently undergoing a renaissance in the quest for descriptive and prognostic ovarian cancer biomarkers. Nevertheless, abnormalities in the BRCA2 or BRCA1 genes, a variety of hereditary predispositions, unexplained onset and progression, molecular tumor diversity, and illness staging can all compromise the responsiveness and accuracy of such indicators. As a result, current ovarian cancer treatments must be supplemented with broad-spectrum & customized targeted therapeutic approaches. The objective of this review is to highlight recent contributions to the knowledge of the interrelations between selected ovarian tumor markers, various perception signs, and biochemical and molecular signaling processes, as well as one's interpretation of much more targeted and effective treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Lucknow, India
| | - Akash Ved
- Department of Pharmacy, Goel Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Farogh Ahsan
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Lucknow, India
| | - Arshiya Shamim
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Afroz Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Integral University, Dasauli, Lucknow, India
| | - Monu Kumar Kashyap
- Department of Pharmacy, Goel Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Abe A, Imoto I, Tange S, Nishimura M, Iwasa T. Prevalence of Pathogenic Germline BRCA1/2 Variants and Their Association with Clinical Characteristics in Patients with Epithelial Ovarian Cancer in a Rural Area of Japan. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061085. [PMID: 35741847 PMCID: PMC9223158 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 pathogenic variants (gBRCA1/2-PV) in patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) in a rural area of Japan and their association with clinical characteristics, including treatment response and survival outcome, were investigated. A total of 123 unbiased patients with OC were tested for gBRCA1 and gBRCA2 using next-generation sequencing-based targeted amplicon sequencing. Clinical characteristics of OC patients with and without gBRCA1/2 status were compared. The overall prevalence of gBRCA1/2-PV was 15.4% (19 cases), with gBRCA2-PV (10.5%, 13 cases) being more common than gBRCA1-PV (4.9%, 6 cases). Among the observed gBRCA1/2-PV, several novel variants were included, suggesting that gBRCA1/2-PV unique to the local area exist. gBRCA1/2-PV was significantly more prevalent in OC patients at an older age, with high-grade serous carcinoma, with advanced-stage tumors, and with a family history of breast cancer or hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC)-associated cancers. Patients with advanced-stage OC with gBRCA1/2-PV showed a significantly lower recurrence rate and tended to have better progression-free and overall survival than those with wild-type gBRCA1/2. Genetic testing for gBRCA1/2 status in all OC patients is useful not only for diagnosing HBOC in patients and their relatives to assess the risk of HBOC-associated cancers, but also to estimate therapy response and outcomes in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Abe
- Department of Gynecology, Cancer Institute Hospital of JCFR, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.N.); (T.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-3520-0111
| | - Issei Imoto
- Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan;
| | - Shoichiro Tange
- Department of Medical Genome Sciences, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan;
| | - Masato Nishimura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.N.); (T.I.)
| | - Takeshi Iwasa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokushima University, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan; (M.N.); (T.I.)
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