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Akarsu SA, Gür C, İleritürk M, Akaras N, Küçükler S, Kandemir FM. Effect of syringic acid on oxidative stress, autophagy, apoptosis, inflammation pathways against testicular damage induced by lead acetate. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127315. [PMID: 37801787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy metals are one of the environmental pollutants. Lead (Pb) is one of the most common of these heavy metals. In this study, it was aimed at investigating the effects of syringic acid (SA) against testicular toxicity in rats administered lead acetate (PbAc). METHODS In the present study, a total of 35 Sprague-Dawley rats, 7 in each group, were used. The rats were divided into 5 groups, with 7 male rats in each group. Rats were given PbAc and SA orally for 7 days. The effects of PbAc and SA on epididymal sperm quality and apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress and histopathological changes in testicular tissue were determined. RESULTS While PbAc disrupted the seminiferous tubules and produced atrophic images, SA corrected these histological abnormalities. PbAc adminisration significantly reduced the levels of SOD, GSH, GPx, CAT, NRF-2 and NQO1 and significantly increased the levels of MDA and 8-OHdG in the testicular tissue of rats, while SA improved this situation. NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, NLRP3, RAGE, ATF6, PERK, IRE1, CHOP, and GRP78 genes expression levels increased with PbAc administration, however these levels decreased with SA administration. In addition, PbAc increased the levels of apoptotic markers Bax, Caspase-3 and APAF-1 and decreased the level of Bcl-2, while SA improved this situation. It was observed that PbAc significantly reduced sperm quality in rats, while SA positively affected sperm quality. CONCLUSION As a result, SA administered against PbAc-induced testicular dysfunction in rats can provide effective protection at doses of 25 mg/kg/bw and 50 mg/kg/bw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Ali Akarsu
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Cihan Gür
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Mustafa İleritürk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Akaras
- Department of Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Sefa Küçükler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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Lee TG, Woo SM, Seo SU, Kim S, Park JW, Chang YC, Kwon TK. Inhibition of USP2 Enhances TRAIL-Mediated Cancer Cell Death through Downregulation of Survivin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12816. [PMID: 37628997 PMCID: PMC10454696 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 2 (USP2) is a deubiquitinase belonging to the USPs subfamily. USP2 has been known to display various biological effects including tumorigenesis and inflammation. Therefore, we aimed to examine the sensitization effect of USP2 in TRAIL-mediated apoptosis. The pharmacological inhibitor (ML364) and siRNA targeting USP2 enhanced TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced cancer cell death, but not normal cells. Mechanistically, USP2 interacted with survivin, and ML364 degraded survivin protein expression by increasing the ubiquitination of survivin. Overexpression of survivin or USP2 significantly prevented apoptosis through cotreatment with ML364 and TRAIL, whereas a knockdown of USP2 increased sensitivity to TRAIL. Taken together, our data suggested that ML364 ubiquitylates and degrades survivin, thereby increasing the reactivity to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tak Gyeom Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (T.G.L.); (S.M.W.); (S.U.S.); (S.K.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (T.G.L.); (S.M.W.); (S.U.S.); (S.K.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Seung Un Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (T.G.L.); (S.M.W.); (S.U.S.); (S.K.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (T.G.L.); (S.M.W.); (S.U.S.); (S.K.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Jong-Wook Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (T.G.L.); (S.M.W.); (S.U.S.); (S.K.); (J.-W.P.)
| | - Young-Chae Chang
- Research Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea;
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (T.G.L.); (S.M.W.); (S.U.S.); (S.K.); (J.-W.P.)
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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3
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Song SR, Seo SU, Woo SM, Yoon JY, Yook S, Kwon TK. Tubeimoside-1 Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptotic Cell Death through STAMBPL1-Mediated c-FLIP Downregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11840. [PMID: 37511599 PMCID: PMC10380985 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tubeimoside-1 (TBMS-1), a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, is commonly used as an anti-cancer agent. In this study, we aimed to investigate its effect on the sensitization of cancer cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Our results revealed that even though monotherapy using TBMS-1 or TRAIL at sublethal concentrations did not affect cancer cell death, combination therapy using TBMS-1 and TRAIL increased apoptotic cell death. Mechanistically, TBMS-1 destabilized c-FLIP expression by downregulating STAMBPL1, a deubiquitinase (DUB). Specifically, when STAMBPL1 and c-FLIP bound together, STAMBPL1 deubiquitylated c-FLIP. Moreover, STAMBPL1 knockdown markedly increased sensitivity to TRAIL by destabilizing c-FLIP. These findings were further confirmed in vivo using a xenograft model based on the observation that combined treatment with TBMS-1 and TRAIL decreased tumor volume and downregulated STAMBPL1 and c-FLIP expression levels. Overall, our study revealed that STAMBPL1 is essential for c-FLIP stabilization, and that STAMBPL1 depletion enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis via c-FLIP downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Rae Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Un Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Yoon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Simmyung Yook
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea
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4
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Shuwen H, Yangyanqiu W, Jian C, Boyang H, Gong C, Jing Z. Synergistic effect of sodium butyrate and oxaliplatin on colorectal cancer. Transl Oncol 2022; 27:101598. [PMID: 36512976 PMCID: PMC9763735 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxaliplatin (OXA) is a chemotherapy agent commonly used in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Sodium butyrate (NaB) has an antitumor effect. METHODS In total, 30 patients in stage III who completed 8 cycles of chemotherapy regimens were recruited for this study. The patients were divided into good and bad groups based on the chemotherapy efficacy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to detect microbial metabolites in stool samples from CRC patients. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), Annexin-V APC/7-AAD double staining, Transwell assays, scratch-wound assays, and EdU assays were used to detect cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration, respectively. Fluoroelectron microscopy was used to observe the cell structures. To verify the inhibitory effect of NaB and OXA at animal level, a subcutaneous transplanted tumor model was established. Finally, 16S sequencing technology was used to detect intestinal bacteria. GC-MS was used to detect metabolites in mouse stools. RESULTS NaB was a differential metabolite that affected the efficacy of OXA. NAB and oxaliplatin can synergically inhibit cell proliferation, migration and invasion, and induce cell apoptosis. Animal experiments confirmed the inhibitory effect of oxaliplatin and sodium butyrate on tumor in mice. In addition, the intestinal microbe detection and microbial metabolite detection in fecal samples from mice showed significant differences between butyrate-producing bacteria and NaB. CONCLUSION NaB and OXA can synergistically inhibit the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of CRC cells and promote the apoptosis of CRC cells. NaB, as an OXA synergist, has the potential to become a new clinical adjuvant in CRC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Shuwen
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province, PR China,Key Laboratory of Multiomics Research and Clinical Transformation of Digestive Cancer of Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Wang Yangyanqiu
- Huzhou Hospital of Zhejiang University, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Chu Jian
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Hu Boyang
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Chen Gong
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Zhuang Jing
- Huzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated Central Hospital Huzhou University, Zhejiang Province, PR China,Corresponding author at: No.1558, Sanhuan North Road, Wuxing District, Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 313000, PR China.
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Ileriturk M, Kandemir O, Kandemir FM. Evaluation of protective effects of quercetin against cypermethrin-induced lung toxicity in rats via oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2022; 37:2639-2650. [PMID: 35876585 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cypermethrin (CYP), a type II synthetic pyrethroid, is the most widely used insecticide worldwide. Inhalation of it may cause side effects. This study is aimed to examine potential protection of quercetin (QUE) which is a well-known antioxidant in CYP-induced lung toxicity. Accordingly, 35 Spraque Dawley male rats were divided into five equal groups as follows: I-Control group, II-QUE group (50 mg/kg/b.w. QUE), III-CYP group (25 mg/kg/b.w. CYP), IV-CYP + QUE 25 (25 mg/kg/b.w. CYP + 25 mg/kg/b.w. QUE), V-CYP + QUE (25 mg/kg/b.w. CYP + 50 mg/kg/b.w. QUE) were treated with oral gavage throughout 28 days. CYP intoxication was associated with increased malondialdehyde level while glutathione concentration, activities of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase reduced. CYP adminisitration caused of apoptosis in the lung by up-regulating caspase-3 and Bax levels and down-regulating Bcl-2. CYP also caused of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by increasing mRNA transcript levels of PERK, IRE1, ATF6, and GRP78. Additionally, it was observed that CYP administration activated IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MAPK14 signaling pathway and levels of IL-1β, NF-κB, TNF-α, and iNOS in the lung tissue. Therefore, it was determined that CYP administration triggered autophagy by upregulating LC3A and LC3B mRNA transcript levels. Moreover, the protein levels of NF-κB, caspase-3, Bax, Bcl-2, and cytochorme-c were examined by Western blot analysis. However, co-treatment with QUE at a dose of 25 and 50 mg/kg considerably protective oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, ER stress, autophagy, and IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MAPK14 signaling pathway in lung tissue. Overall, the findings of this study suggest that lung damage associated with CYP toxicity could be protected by QUE administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ileriturk
- Department of Animal Science, Horasan Vocational College, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ozge Kandemir
- Aksaray Technical Sciences Vocational School, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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Woo SM, Kim S, Seo SU, Kim S, Park JW, Kim G, Choi YR, Hur K, Kwon TK. Inhibition of USP1 enhances anticancer drugs-induced cancer cell death through downregulation of survivin and miR-216a-5p-mediated upregulation of DR5. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:821. [PMID: 36153316 PMCID: PMC9509337 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (USP1) is a deubiquitinase involved in DNA damage repair by modulating the ubiquitination of major regulators, such as PCNA and FANCD2. Because USP1 is highly expressed in many cancers, dysregulation of USP1 contributes to cancer therapy. However, the role of USP1 and the mechanisms underlying chemotherapy remain unclear. In this study, we found high USP1 expression in tumor tissues and that it correlated with poor prognosis in RCC. Mechanistically, USP1 enhanced survivin stabilization by removing ubiquitin. Pharmacological inhibitors (ML23 and pimozide) and siRNA targeting USP1 induced downregulation of survivin expression. In addition, ML323 upregulated DR5 expression by decreasing miR-216a-5p expression at the post-transcriptional level, and miR-216a-5p mimics suppressed the upregulation of DR5 by ML323. Inhibition of USP1 sensitized cancer cells. Overexpression of survivin or knockdown of DR5 markedly prevented the co-treatment with ML323 and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. These results of in vitro were proved in a mouse xenograft model, in which combined treatment significantly reduced tumor size and induced survivin downregulation and DR5 upregulation. Furthermore, USP1 and survivin protein expression showed a positive correlation, whereas miR-216a-5p and DR5 were inversely correlated in RCC tumor tissues. Taken together, our results suggest two target substrates of USP1 and demonstrate the involvement of survivin and DR5 in USP1-targeted chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Min Woo
- grid.412091.f0000 0001 0669 3109Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601 South Korea
| | - Seok Kim
- grid.412091.f0000 0001 0669 3109Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601 South Korea
| | - Seung Un Seo
- grid.412091.f0000 0001 0669 3109Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601 South Korea
| | - Shin Kim
- grid.412091.f0000 0001 0669 3109Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601 South Korea
| | - Jong-Wook Park
- grid.412091.f0000 0001 0669 3109Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601 South Korea
| | - Gyeonghwa Kim
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944 South Korea
| | - Yu-Ra Choi
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944 South Korea
| | - Keun Hur
- grid.258803.40000 0001 0661 1556Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944 South Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- grid.412091.f0000 0001 0669 3109Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601 South Korea ,grid.412091.f0000 0001 0669 3109Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601 South Korea
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All Roads Lead to Cathepsins: The Role of Cathepsins in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102351. [PMID: 36289617 PMCID: PMC9598942 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins are lysosomal proteases that are essential to maintain cellular physiological homeostasis and are involved in multiple processes, such as immune and energy regulation. Predominantly, cathepsins reside in the lysosomal compartment; however, they can also be secreted by cells and enter the extracellular space. Extracellular cathepsins have been linked to several pathologies, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NASH is an increasingly important risk factor for the development of HCC, which is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths and poses a great medical and economic burden. While information regarding the involvement of cathepsins in NASH-induced HCC (NASH-HCC) is limited, data to support the role of cathepsins in either NASH or HCC is accumulating. Since cathepsins play a role in both NASH and HCC, it is likely that the role of cathepsins is more significant in NASH-HCC compared to HCC derived from other etiologies. In the current review, we provide an overview on the available data regarding cathepsins in NASH and HCC, argue that cathepsins play a key role in the transition from NASH to HCC, and shed light on therapeutic options in this context.
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Alghriany AI, Omar HELDM, Mahmoud AM, Atia MM. Assessment of the Toxicity of Aluminum Oxide and Its Nanoparticles in the Bone Marrow and Liver of Male Mice: Ameliorative Efficacy of Curcumin Nanoparticles. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:13841-13852. [PMID: 35559158 PMCID: PMC9088947 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The potential influence of nanoparticles (NPs) on the liver and bone marrow has received attention. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of nanocurcumin on the oxidative stress, apoptosis, and toxicity induced by Al2O3 and its NPs. The experimental animals (n = 72 mice) were divided into the following groups: group I, as a control; groups II and III, as aluminum oxide and its NPs (6 mg/kg); group IV, as aluminum oxide + nanocurcumin (Al2O3 + N-Cur, 20 mg/kg); and group V, as aluminum oxide NPs + nanocurcumin (Al2O3-NP + N.Cur., 20 mg/kg). Al2O3 and its NP groups significantly increased p53, Nrf2 levels, and the white blood cell count. They also decreased the Hsp70 level, antitrypsin, immunoglobulin G, and the red blood cell count. In addition, they significantly decreased the total and differential bone marrow cell counts and the maturation index ratio (MIR). Nanocurcumin (N.Cur.) reverted the previous proteins, blood parameters, total bone marrow cell count, and the MIR as M/E, I/Mg, MMI, I/Me, and EMI to normal. Furthermore, N.Cur. prevented apoptosis and reduced the histopathological score and collagen fiber percentage caused by Al2O3 and its NPs in the liver. Nanotechnology was used to increase the therapeutic efficiency of curcumin against the harmful effects of oxidative stress associated with Al2O3 NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alshaimaa
A. I. Alghriany
- Laboratory
of Molecular Cell Biology; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Hossam EL-din M. Omar
- Laboratory
of Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Amera M. Mahmoud
- Laboratory
of Physiology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
| | - Mona M. Atia
- Laboratory
of Molecular Cell Biology; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt
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Yoon JY, Woo SM, Seo SU, Song SR, Lee SG, Kwon TK. Lucanthone, Autophagy Inhibitor, Enhances the Apoptotic Effects of TRAIL through miR-216a-5p-Mediated DR5 Upregulation and DUB3-Mediated Mcl-1 Downregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010017. [PMID: 35008442 PMCID: PMC8744864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A lucanthone, one of the family of thioxanthenones, has been reported for its inhibitory effects of apurinic endonuclease-1 and autophagy. In this study, we investigated whether lucanthone could enhance tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in various cancer cells. Combined treatment with lucanthone and TRAIL significantly induced apoptosis in human renal carcinoma (Caki and ACHN), prostate carcinoma (PC3), and lung carcinoma (A549) cells. However, combined treatment did not induce apoptosis in normal mouse kidney cells (TCMK-1) and normal human skin fibroblast (HSF). Lucanthone downregulated protein expression of deubiquitinase DUB3, and a decreased expression level of DUB3 markedly led to enhance TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Ectopic expression of DUB3 inhibited combined treatment with lucanthone and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Moreover, lucanthone increased expression level of DR5 mRNA via downregulation of miR-216a-5p. Transfection of miR-216a-5p mimics suppressed the lucanthone-induced DR5 upregulation. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that lucanthone enhances TRAIL-induced apoptosis through DR5 upregulation by downregulation of miR-216a-5p and DUB3-dependent Mcl-1 downregulation in human renal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Yun Yoon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (J.Y.Y.); (S.M.W.); (S.U.S.); (S.R.S.); (S.G.L.)
| | - Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (J.Y.Y.); (S.M.W.); (S.U.S.); (S.R.S.); (S.G.L.)
| | - Seung Un Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (J.Y.Y.); (S.M.W.); (S.U.S.); (S.R.S.); (S.G.L.)
| | - So Rae Song
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (J.Y.Y.); (S.M.W.); (S.U.S.); (S.R.S.); (S.G.L.)
| | - Seul Gi Lee
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (J.Y.Y.); (S.M.W.); (S.U.S.); (S.R.S.); (S.G.L.)
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea; (J.Y.Y.); (S.M.W.); (S.U.S.); (S.R.S.); (S.G.L.)
- Center for Forensic Pharmaceutical Science, College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-258-7358
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Wei L, Shao N, Peng Y, Zhou P. Inhibition of Cathepsin S Restores TGF-β-induced Epithelial-to-mesenchymal Transition and Tight Junction Turnover in Glioblastoma Cells. J Cancer 2021; 12:1592-1603. [PMID: 33613746 PMCID: PMC7890330 DOI: 10.7150/jca.50631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Invasive growth is one of the most typical features of aggressive types of malignant cancer, including glioblastoma. Lysosomal cysteine protease-cathepsin S (CTSS), has been reported to be involved in invasive growth and distant metastasis of cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanisms remained elusive. Methods: U87 and U251 human glioblastoma cell lines were applied in this study. Cell migration and invasion ability were measured by wound healing assay and transwell assay. Western blot was employed to detect the expression levels of proteins. Immunofluorescence assays of cells and tissues were used to visualize the localization and expression of proteins. The SPSS software was used for statistical analysis. Results: Our results showed that the high expression of CTSS was link with the grades of glioma tissues. The CTSS inhibitor-Z-FL-COCHO (ZFL), could attenuate TGF-β-induced invasive growth as proven by wound healing and transwell assays. Furthermore, inhibition of CTSS could reverse TGF-β-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and restore TGF-β-triggered tight junction proteins turnover, thus decreasing glioblastoma cell mobility. We also observed that TGF-β could change the morphology of glioblastoma cells, redistribute intermediate-filament, vimentin, which was highly relevant to mesenchymal type cells and enhanced mobility. However, inhibition of CTSS could significantly restore this transformation. Our results proved that PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was significantly suppressed in the TGF-β+ZFL (CTSS inhibitor) groups, and AKT activator-SC79, could reverse the anti-invasion effect of CTSS, indicating an important role of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in this process. Conclusion: Z-FL-COCHO (ZFL), a CTSS inhibitor, could reverse TGF-β-induced EMT and change of tight junction proteins via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Department of Tumor Biological Treatment, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Naiyuan Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Ya Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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Fei M, Zhang L, Wang H, Zhu Y, Niu W, Tang T, Han Y. Inhibition of Cathepsin S Induces Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Glioblastoma Cell Lines Through Mitochondrial Stress and Autophagosome Accumulation. Front Oncol 2021; 10:516746. [PMID: 33425712 PMCID: PMC7787074 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.516746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsin S (CTSS), a lysosomal cysteine protease, is overexpressed in various cancers, including glioblastoma (GB). A high level of CTSS is associated with tumor progression and poor outcome in GB. However, the underlying mechanisms of its role in the biological characteristics of G5B remain to be elucidated. Here, we uncovered a potential role of CTSS in the lysosomes and mitochondria of GB cells (GBCs). Downregulation of CTSS in GBCs could increase the expression of autophagy-related proteins; however, there was no significant change in p62, suggesting autophagy blockade. Moreover, inhibition of CTSS increased the expression of mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and enhanced mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake ability, causing mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, the generation of copious reactive oxygen species (ROS) and eventual mitochondrial apoptosis. Additionally, elevated damage to mitochondria exacerbated the burden of autophagy. Finally, we found that silence of MCU could alleviate the inhibition of CTSS-induced autophagosome accumulation and mitochondrial stress. Collectively, these results demonstrate that CTSS plays an important role in the process of autophagic flux and mitochondrial functions in GBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoxing Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Handong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihao Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhao Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanling Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing, China
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12
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Chen H, Zheng B, Xue S, Chen C. Knockdown of miR-183 Enhances the Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis in Esophageal Cancer Through Increase of FOXO1 Expression. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:8463-8474. [PMID: 32943877 PMCID: PMC7468590 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s258680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As an important member of platinum-based chemotherapeutic drugs, cisplatin is effective and is commonly used in the treatment of esophageal cancer. However, repeated use of cisplatin usually causes severe side-effects on patients. Novel approaches should be explored to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to cisplatin. Methods The expression level of miR-183 in esophageal cancer tissues and cell lines was measured by quantitative reverse transcriptase real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The sensitivity of EC cell lines to cisplatin was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry. Luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the association between miR-183 and FOXO1. The apoptosis pathway of EC cells was tested by Western blot assay. Results The expression level of miR-183 was increased in esophageal cancer patients' tumor tissues and esophageal cancer cell lines. However, knockdown of miR-183 was found to enhance the effect of cisplatin on inducing the apoptotic cell death of esophageal cancer cells. In the mechanism research, we proved that FOXO1 was the target of miR-183 in esophageal cancer cells. Inhibition of miR-183 increased the expression of FOXO1 to promote the expression of Bim and Noxa. As Bim and Noxa acted as key pro-apoptotic proteins in mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibition of miR-183 enhanced the cisplatin-induced apoptosis pathway in esophageal cancer. Conclusion Knockdown of miR-183 enhanced the cisplatin-induced apoptosis in esophageal cancer through an increase of FOXO1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350000, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350000, People's Republic of China
| | - Songtao Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province 350000, People's Republic of China
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Upregulation of DR5 and Downregulation of Survivin by IITZ-01, Lysosomotropic Autophagy Inhibitor, Potentiates TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis in Renal Cancer Cells via Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092363. [PMID: 32825566 PMCID: PMC7564912 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) selectively is able to increase apoptosis in cancer cells as agent with minimum toxicity to noncancerous cells. However, all cancer cells are not sensitive to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In this study, we showed the sub-lethal concentrations of a lysosomotropic autophagy inhibitor, IITZ-01, sensitizes cancer cells (renal, lung, and breast carcinoma) to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through DR5 upregulation and survivin downregulation through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Knockdown of DR5 or overexpression of survivin inhibited combined treatment with IITZ-01 and TRAIL-induced apoptosis. IITZ-01 downregulated protein expression of Cbl, ubiquitin E3 ligase, and decreased expression level of Cbl markedly led to increase DR5 protein expression and TRAIL sensitivity. Moreover, IITZ-01 decreased expression level of survivin protein via downregulation of deubiquitinase ubiquitin-specific protease 9X (USP9X) expression. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that IITZ-01 enhances TRAIL-mediated apoptosis through DR5 stabilization by downregulation of Cbl and USP9X-dependent survivin ubiquitination and degradation in renal carcinoma cells.
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Celik H, Kucukler S, Ozdemir S, Comakli S, Gur C, Kandemir FM, Yardim A. Lycopene protects against central and peripheral neuropathy by inhibiting oxaliplatin-induced ATF-6 pathway, apoptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress in brains and sciatic tissues of rats. Neurotoxicology 2020; 80:29-40. [PMID: 32544411 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2020.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fact that oxaliplatin (OXL), a platinum-based chemotherapeutic drug, causes severe neuropathy greatly limits its clinical use. This study investigated the effects of lycopene, a potent antioxidant, on OXL-induced central and peripheral neuropathy. In this study, 30 min after oral administration of LY at a dose of 2 mg/kg b.w./day and 4 mg/kg b.w./day on 1 st, 2nd, 4th and 5th days, rats were given 4 mg/kg b.w./day of OXL intraperitoneally. It was detected that LY decreased OXL-induced lipid peroxidation and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the levels of glutathione (GSH) in brain tissue. LY showed anti-inflammatory effects by decreasing levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase-14 (MAPK14), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in brain and sciatic tissue. It was determined that OXL-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) decreased because LY administration reduced the expressions of activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6), glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78), RNA-activated protein kinase (PKR)-like ER kinase and inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1). LY administration also reduced the damage of OXL-induced brain and sciatic tissue by increasing NCAM levels and decreasing GFAP levels. It was determined that caspase-3 immunopositivity markedly decreased by OXL and LY in combination. It was also observed that LY provided neuronal protection by increasing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, which decreased with OXL administration in sciatic tissue. The results demonstrate that LY can be beneficial in ameliorating OXL-induced central and peripheral nerve injuries by showing antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties in the brain and sciatic tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamit Celik
- Department of Neurology, Private Buhara Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sefa Kucukler
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Ozdemir
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Selim Comakli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Cihan Gur
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Yardim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Private Buhara Hospital, Erzurum, Turkey
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15
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Wang Y, Zhang D, Li Y, Fang F. MiR-138 Suppresses the PDK1 Expression to Decrease the Oxaliplatin Resistance of Colorectal Cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:3607-3618. [PMID: 32431512 PMCID: PMC7198439 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s242929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oxaliplatin is one kind of platinum-based drug. It is effective and commonly used in the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, development of acquired drug resistance is still a big obstacle during the oxaliplatin therapy. It is urgent to take strategies to decrease the oxaliplatin resistance of CRC. Materials and Methods Oxaliplatin-resistant HT29 and SW480 (HT29/R and SW480/R) cells were acquired through long-term exposure to oxaliplatin by using the routine HT29 and SW480 cells. Relative glucose consumption, lactate generation and LDH activity were tested to evaluate the glycolysis of CRC cell lines. MTT assays were conducted to evaluate the differences of oxaliplatin sensitivity between HT29/R (SW480/R) cells and their parental HT29 (SW480) cells. Regulation of miR-138 on PDK1 was confirmed through qRT-PCR, Western blot and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured by flow cytometry. Results HT29/R and SW480/R cells exhibited higher glucose consumption, lactate production and LDH activity compared to their parental HT29 and SW480 cells. However, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in HT29/R and SW480/R cells is lower than that in HT29 and SW480 cells, respectively. Results of MTT assays showed that treatment with miR-138 can increase the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin to HT29/R and SW480/R cells. Research on mechanisms showed that PDK1 was the target of miR-138. Overexpression of miR-138 can inhibit the expression of PDK1, and thus increase the OCR of HT29/R and SW480/R cells. Under the treatment of oxaliplatin, the miR-138-overexpressed HT29/R and SW480/R cells generated more amount of ROS to get into the apoptosis process. Conclusion Overexpression of miR-138 suppressed the PDK1 expression to decrease the oxaliplatin resistance of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Inspection Institute, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Inspection Institute, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Li
- Inspection Institute, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Fang
- Inspection Institute, Jilin Medical University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, People's Republic of China
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Huang S, Cao Y. Correlation of cathepsin S with coronary stenosis degree, carotid thickness, blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism and vascular endothelial function in atherosclerosis. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:61-66. [PMID: 31853273 PMCID: PMC6909596 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlation of cathepsin S with coronary stenosis degree, carotid thickness, blood pressure, glucose and lipid metabolism, and vascular endothelial function in patients with atherosclerosis was investigated. Data from 120 patients with increased cathepsin S levels (increased group) and 120 subjects with normal cathepsin S levels (normal group) were retrospectively analyzed. The serum cathepsin S level and Gensini score were compared between the healthy subjects and patients with coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, and the correlation between serum cathepsin S level and Gensini score was analyzed. The carotid thickness, mean arterial pressure, and indexes related to glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as vascular endothelial function were compared between the two groups. The correlation of the serum cathepsin S level with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), mean arterial pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol (TC) and nitric oxide (NO) was also investigated. Patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) had higher serum cathepsin S level than those with double-vessel and single-vessel disease, and higher level than that of healthy subjects. The Gensini score of patients with multi-vessel CAD was higher than that of patients with double-vessel and single-vessel disease, as well as that of healthy subjects. The serum cathepsin S level was positively correlated with the Gensini score. Patients with increased cathepsin S level had greater IMT, higher mean arterial pressure, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin (FINS), triglyceride (TG), TC, and endothelin-1 (ET-1), however, lower NO level than those of healthy subjects. The serum cathepsin S level was positively correlated with IMT, mean arterial pressure, fasting blood glucose, and TC, however, it was negatively correlated with the NO level. In conclusion, as the serum cathepsin S level is elevated, the coronary stenosis is aggravated, the carotid thickness and blood pressure are increased, and the glucose and lipid metabolism, as well as vascular endothelial function are significantly abnormal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyang Huang
- Cardiovascular Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Cao
- Cardiovascular Department, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
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WP1130 Enhances TRAIL-Induced Apoptosis through USP9X-Dependent miR-708-Mediated Downregulation of c-FLIP. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030344. [PMID: 30862047 PMCID: PMC6469024 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
WP1130, a partially selective deubiquitinases (DUB) inhibitor, inhibits the deubiquitinating activities of USP5, USP9X, USP14, USP37, and UCHL1. In this study, we investigate whether WP1130 exerts sensitizing effect on TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis in human renal carcinoma cells. Combinations of WP1130 and TRAIL significantly induced apoptosis in renal carcinoma, lung carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma cells, but not in normal cells (human mesangial cells (MC) and normal mouse kidney cells (TCMK-1)). The downregulation of c-FLIP protein expression was involved in combined treatment-induced apoptosis. WP1130-induced c-FLIP downregulation was regulated by microRNA (miR)-708 upregulation via inhibition of USP9X. Interestingly, knockdown of USP9X markedly induced c-FLIP downregulation, upregulation of miR-708 expression and sensitivity to TRAIL. Furthermore, ectopic expression of USP9X prevented c-FLIP downregulation and apoptosis upon combined treatment. In sum, WP1130 sensitized TRAIL-induced apoptosis through miR-708-mediated downregulation of c-FLIP by inhibition of USP9X.
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18
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Seo SU, Min KJ, Woo SM, Seo JH, Kwon TK. HSP70 Acetylation Prevents Combined mTORC1/2 Inhibitor and Curcumin Treatment-Induced Apoptosis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23112755. [PMID: 30356017 PMCID: PMC6278488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23112755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that PP242 (dual inhibitor of mTORC1/2) plus curcumin induced apoptotic cell death through lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP)-mediated autophagy. However, the relationship between ER stress and apoptotic cell death by combined PP242 and curcumin treatment remains unknown. In the present study, we found that combined PP242 and curcumin treatment induced cytosolic Ca2+ release and ER stress. Interestingly, pretreatment with the chemical chaperones (TUDCA and 4-PBA) and knockdown of CHOP and ATF4 by siRNA did not abolish combined treatment-induced apoptosis in renal carcinoma cells. These results suggest that combined treatment with mTORC1/2 inhibitor and curcumin induces ER stress which is not essential for apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, overexpression of HSP70 significantly inhibited PP242 plus curcumin-induced LMP and apoptosis, but the protective effect was abolished by K77R mutation of acetylation site of HSP70. Taken together, our results reveal that regulation of HSP70 through K77 acetylation plays role in combined PP242 and curcumin treatment-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Un Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Jin Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
| | - Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
| | - Ji Hae Seo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, 2800 Dalgubeoldaero, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Korea.
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Shahriyar SA, Woo SM, Seo SU, Min KJ, Kwon TK. Cepharanthine Enhances TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis Through STAMBPL1-Mediated Downregulation of Survivin Expression in Renal Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103280. [PMID: 30360403 PMCID: PMC6214104 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cepharanthine (CEP) is a natural plant alkaloid, and has anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antioxidative and anticancer properties. In this study, we investigated whether CEP could sensitize renal carcinoma Caki cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-induced apoptosis. CEP alone and TRAIL alone had no effect on apoptosis. However, combined CEP and TRAIL treatment markedly enhanced apoptotic cell death in cancer cells, but not in normal cells. CEP induced downregulation of survivin and cellular-FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) expression at post-translational levels. Ectopic expression of survivin blocked apoptosis by combined treatment with CEP plus TRAIL, but not in c-FLIP overexpression. Interestingly, CEP induced survivin downregulation through downregulation of deubiquitin protein of STAM-binding protein-like 1 (STAMBPL1). Overexpression of STAMBPL1 markedly recovered CEP-mediated survivin downregulation. Taken together, our study suggests that CEP sensitizes TRAIL-mediated apoptosis through downregulation of survivin expression at the post-translational levels in renal carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Abrar Shahriyar
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Seon Min Woo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Seung Un Seo
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Kyoung-Jin Min
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea.
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Korea.
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