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Yang Z, Wang J, Zhao T, Wang L, Liang T, Zheng Y. Mitochondrial structure and function: A new direction for the targeted treatment of chronic liver disease with Chinese herbal medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 334:118461. [PMID: 38908494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Excessive fat accumulation, biological clock dysregulation, viral infections, and sustained inflammatory responses can lead to liver inflammation, fibrosis, and cancer, thus promoting the development of chronic liver disease. A comprehensive understanding of the etiological factors leading to chronic liver disease and the intrinsic mechanisms influencing its onset and progression can aid in identifying potential targets for targeted therapy. Mitochondria, as key organelles that maintain the metabolic homeostasis of the liver, provide an important foundation for exploring therapeutic targets for chronic liver disease. Recent studies have shown that active ingredients in herbal medicines and their natural products can modulate chronic liver disease by influencing the structure and function of mitochondria. Therefore, studying how Chinese herbs target mitochondrial structure and function to treat chronic liver diseases is of great significance. AIM OF THE STUDY Investigating the prospects of herbal medicine the Lens of chronic liver disease based on mitochondrial structure and function. MATERIALS AND METHODS A computerized search of PubMed was conducted using the keywords "mitochondrial structure", "mitochondrial function", "mitochondria and chronic liver disease", "botanicals, mitochondria and chronic liver disease".Data from the Web of Science and Science Direct databases were also included. The research findings regarding herbal medicines targeting mitochondrial structure and function for the treatment of chronic liver disease are summarized. RESULTS A computerized search of PubMed using the keywords "mitochondrial structure", "mitochondrial function", "mitochondria and chronic liver disease", "phytopharmaceuticals, mitochondria, and chronic liver disease", as well as the Web of Science and Science Direct databases was conducted to summarize information on studies of mitochondrial structure- and function-based Chinese herbal medicines for the treatment of chronic liver disease and to suggest that the effects of herbal medicines on mitochondrial division and fusion.The study suggested that there is much room for research on the influence of Chinese herbs on mitochondrial division and fusion. CONCLUSIONS Targeting mitochondrial structure and function is crucial for herbal medicine to combat chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Yang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China
| | - Tiejian Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China
| | - Tianjian Liang
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China.
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Chinese Medicine Science Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, Guangxi, 530222, China.
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Guo Q, Yang A, Zhao R, Zhao H, Mu Y, Zhang J, Han Q, Su Y. Nimodipine ameliorates liver fibrosis via reshaping liver immune microenvironment in TAA-induced in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112586. [PMID: 38955030 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Nimodipine, a calcium antagonist, exert beneficial neurovascular protective effects in clinic. Recently, Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) was reported to protect against liver fibrosis in mice, while the exact effects of Nimodipine on liver injury and hepatic fibrosis remain unclear. In this study, we assessed the effect of nimodipine in Thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis mouse model. Then, the collagen deposition and liver inflammation were assessed by HE straining. Also, the frequency and phenotype of NK cells, CD4+T and CD8+T cells and MDSC in liver and spleen were analyzed using flow cytometry. Furthermore, activation and apoptosis of primary Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and HSC line LX2 were detected using α-SMA staining and TUNEL assay, respectively. We found that nimodipine administration significantly attenuated liver inflammation and fibrosis. And the increase of the numbers of hepatic NK and NKT cells, a reversed CD4+/CD8+T ratio, and reduced the numbers of MDSC were observed after nimodipine treatment. Furthermore, nimodipine administration significantly decreased α-SMA expression in liver tissues, and increased TUNEL staining adjacent to hepatic stellate cells. Nimodipine also reduced the proliferation of LX2, and significantly promoted high level of apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, nimodipine downregulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, simultaneously increased expression of JNK, p-JNK, and Caspase-3. Together, nimodipine mediated suppression of growth and fibrogenesis of HSCs may warrant its potential use in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanjuan Guo
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Ailu Yang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Rongrong Zhao
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yongliang Mu
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuju Han
- Institute of Immunopharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Yuhang Su
- Department of Emergency Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China.
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Hushmandi K, Einollahi B, Aow R, Suhairi SB, Klionsky DJ, Aref AR, Reiter RJ, Makvandi P, Rabiee N, Xu Y, Nabavi N, Saadat SH, Farahani N, Kumar AP. Investigating the interplay between mitophagy and diabetic neuropathy: Uncovering the hidden secrets of the disease pathology. Pharmacol Res 2024; 208:107394. [PMID: 39233055 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Mitophagy, the cellular process of selectively eliminating damaged mitochondria, plays a crucial role in maintaining metabolic balance and preventing insulin resistance, both key factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) development. When mitophagy malfunctions in diabetic neuropathy, it triggers a cascade of metabolic disruptions, including reduced energy production, increased oxidative stress, and cell death, ultimately leading to various complications. Thus, targeting mitophagy to enhance the process may have emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for T2DM and its complications. Notably, plant-derived compounds with β-cell protective and mitophagy-stimulating properties offer potential as novel therapeutic agents. This review highlights the intricate mechanisms linking mitophagy dysfunction to T2DM and its complications, particularly neuropathy, elucidating potential therapeutic interventions for this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiavash Hushmandi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Behzad Einollahi
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rachel Aow
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suhana Binte Suhairi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, Long School of Medicine, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India; University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab 140413, India
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Science & Technology, Department of Urology, NanoBioMed Group, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Noushin Nabavi
- Independent Researcher, Victoria, British Columbia V8V 1P7, Canada
| | - Seyed Hassan Saadat
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Najma Farahani
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alan Prem Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; NUS Center for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Li Z, Ma Y, Fan C, Jiang H. The circAno6/miR-296-3p/TLR4 signaling axis mediates the inflammatory response to induce the activation of hepatic stellate cells. Gene 2024; 920:148497. [PMID: 38677350 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNA (circRNA) is a novel functional non-coding RNA(ncRNA) that plays a role in the occurrence and development of multiple human liver diseases, including liver fibrosis (LF). LF is a reversible repair response after liver injury, and the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is the core event. However, the regulatory mechanisms by which circRNAs induce the activation of HSCs in LF are still poorly understood. The circAno6/miR-296-3p/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling axis that mediates the inflammatory response and causes the activation of HSCs was investigated in this study. METHODS First, a circAno6 overexpression plasmid and small interfering RNA were transfected into cells to determine whether circAno6 can affect the function of HSCs. Second, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting (WB) and immunofluorescence (IF) were used to detect the effects of circAno6 plasmid/siRNA transfection on HSC activation indices, inflammatory markers and the circAno6/miR-296-3p/TLR4 signaling axis. The subcellular position of circAno6 was then examined by nucleo-cytoplasmic separation and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Finally, a luciferase reporter gene assay was used to identify the relationship between circAno6 and miR-296-3p as well as the relationship between miR-296-3p and TLR4. RESULTS CircAno6 was considerably upregulated in HSCs and positively correlated with cell proliferation and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, NOD-likereceptorthermalproteindomainassociatedprotein 3 (NLRP3), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) expression. Overexpression of circAno6 increased the inflammatory response and induced HSC activation, whereas interference resulted in the opposite effects. FISH experiments revealed the localization of circAno6 in the cytoplasm. Then, a double luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-296-3p significantly inhibited luciferase activity in the circAno6-WT and TLR4-WT groups. CONCLUSION This study suggests that circAno6 and miR-296-3p/TLR4 may form a regulatory axis and regulate the inflammatory response, which in turn induces HSC activation. Targeting circAno6 may be a potential therapeutic strategy to treat LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230031, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230012, China
| | - Yanzhen Ma
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230031, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230012, China
| | - Chang Fan
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230031, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Experimental Center of Clinical Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230031, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui Province 230012, China.
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Akkız H, Gieseler RK, Canbay A. Liver Fibrosis: From Basic Science towards Clinical Progress, Focusing on the Central Role of Hepatic Stellate Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7873. [PMID: 39063116 PMCID: PMC11277292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The burden of chronic liver disease is globally increasing at an alarming rate. Chronic liver injury leads to liver inflammation and fibrosis (LF) as critical determinants of long-term outcomes such as cirrhosis, liver cancer, and mortality. LF is a wound-healing process characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins due to the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). In the healthy liver, quiescent HSCs metabolize and store retinoids. Upon fibrogenic activation, quiescent HSCs transdifferentiate into myofibroblasts; lose their vitamin A; upregulate α-smooth muscle actin; and produce proinflammatory soluble mediators, collagens, and inhibitors of ECM degradation. Activated HSCs are the main effector cells during hepatic fibrogenesis. In addition, the accumulation and activation of profibrogenic macrophages in response to hepatocyte death play a critical role in the initiation of HSC activation and survival. The main source of myofibroblasts is resident HSCs. Activated HSCs migrate to the site of active fibrogenesis to initiate the formation of a fibrous scar. Single-cell technologies revealed that quiescent HSCs are highly homogenous, while activated HSCs/myofibroblasts are much more heterogeneous. The complex process of inflammation results from the response of various hepatic cells to hepatocellular death and inflammatory signals related to intrahepatic injury pathways or extrahepatic mediators. Inflammatory processes modulate fibrogenesis by activating HSCs and, in turn, drive immune mechanisms via cytokines and chemokines. Increasing evidence also suggests that cellular stress responses contribute to fibrogenesis. Recent data demonstrated that LF can revert even at advanced stages of cirrhosis if the underlying cause is eliminated, which inhibits the inflammatory and profibrogenic cells. However, despite numerous clinical studies on plausible drug candidates, an approved antifibrotic therapy still remains elusive. This state-of-the-art review presents cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in hepatic fibrogenesis and its resolution, as well as comprehensively discusses the drivers linking liver injury to chronic liver inflammation and LF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikmet Akkız
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Bahçeşehir, Beşiktaş, Istanbul 34353, Turkey
| | - Robert K. Gieseler
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23–25, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (R.K.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Ali Canbay
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus, Ruhr University Bochum, In der Schornau 23–25, 44892 Bochum, Germany; (R.K.G.); (A.C.)
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6
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Yang M, Wei X, Yi X, Jiang DS. Mitophagy-related regulated cell death: molecular mechanisms and disease implications. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:505. [PMID: 39013891 PMCID: PMC11252137 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06804-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
During oxidative phosphorylation, mitochondria continuously produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), and untimely ROS clearance can subject mitochondria to oxidative stress, ultimately resulting in mitochondrial damage. Mitophagy is essential for maintaining cellular mitochondrial quality control and homeostasis, with activation involving both ubiquitin-dependent and ubiquitin-independent pathways. Over the past decade, numerous studies have indicated that different forms of regulated cell death (RCD) are connected with mitophagy. These diverse forms of RCD have been shown to be regulated by mitophagy and are implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases, such as tumors, degenerative diseases, and ischemia‒reperfusion injury (IRI). Importantly, targeting mitophagy to regulate RCD has shown excellent therapeutic potential in preclinical trials, and is expected to be an effective strategy for the treatment of related diseases. Here, we present a summary of the role of mitophagy in different forms of RCD, with a focus on potential molecular mechanisms by which mitophagy regulates RCD. We also discuss the implications of mitophagy-related RCD in the context of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Molin Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiang Wei
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Ding-Sheng Jiang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education; NHC Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation; Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Chen J, Jian L, Guo Y, Tang C, Huang Z, Gao J. Liver Cell Mitophagy in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease and Liver Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:729. [PMID: 38929168 PMCID: PMC11200567 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) affects approximately one-third of the global population. MASLD and its advanced-stage liver fibrosis and cirrhosis are the leading causes of liver failure and liver-related death worldwide. Mitochondria are crucial organelles in liver cells for energy generation and the oxidative metabolism of fatty acids and carbohydrates. Recently, mitochondrial dysfunction in liver cells has been shown to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of MASLD and liver fibrosis. Mitophagy, a selective form of autophagy, removes and recycles impaired mitochondria. Although significant advances have been made in understanding mitophagy in liver diseases, adequate summaries concerning the contribution of liver cell mitophagy to MASLD and liver fibrosis are lacking. This review will clarify the mechanism of liver cell mitophagy in the development of MASLD and liver fibrosis, including in hepatocytes, macrophages, hepatic stellate cells, and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells. In addition, therapeutic strategies or compounds related to hepatic mitophagy are also summarized. In conclusion, mitophagy-related therapeutic strategies or compounds might be translational for the clinical treatment of MASLD and liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (C.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Linge Jian
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (C.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yangkun Guo
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (C.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengwei Tang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (C.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhiyin Huang
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (C.T.)
| | - Jinhang Gao
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China (C.T.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Li S, Yang F, Cheng F, Zhu L, Yan Y. Lipotoxic hepatocyte derived LIMA1 enriched small extracellular vesicles promote hepatic stellate cells activation via inhibiting mitophagy. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:82. [PMID: 38822260 PMCID: PMC11140962 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play a crucial role in the development of fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Small extracellular vesicles (sEV) act as mediators for intercellular information transfer, delivering various fibrotic factors that impact the function of HSCs in liver fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the role of lipotoxic hepatocyte derived sEV (LTH-sEV) in HSCs activation and its intrinsic mechanisms. METHODS High-fat diet (HFD) mice model was constructed to confirm the expression of LIMA1. The relationship between LIMA1-enriched LTH-sEV and LX2 activation was evaluated by measurement of fibrotic markers and related genes. Levels of mitophagy were detected using mt-keima lentivirus. The interaction between LIMA1 and PINK1 was discovered through database prediction and molecular docking. Finally, sEV was injected to investigate whether LIMA1 can accelerate HFD induced liver fibrosis in mice. RESULTS LIMA1 expression was upregulated in lipotoxic hepatocytes and was found to be positively associated with the expression of the HSCs activation marker α-SMA. Lipotoxicity induced by OPA led to an increase in both the level of LIMA1 protein in LTH-sEV and the release of LTH-sEV. When HSCs were treated with LTH-sEV, LIMA1 was observed to hinder LX2 mitophagy while facilitating LX2 activation. Further investigation revealed that LIMA1 derived from LTH-sEV may inhibit PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy, consequently promoting HSCs activation. Knocking down LIMA1 significantly attenuates the inhibitory effects of LTH-sEV on mitophagy and the promotion of HSCs activation. CONCLUSIONS Lipotoxic hepatocyte-derived LIMA1-enriched sEVs play a crucial role in promoting HSCs activation in NAFLD-related liver fibrosis by negatively regulating PINK1 mediated mitophagy. These findings provide new insights into the pathological mechanisms involved in the development of fibrosis in NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213017, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Fuji Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213017, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Fang Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213017, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, China
| | - Yongmin Yan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213017, China.
- Changzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Wujin Hospital Affiliated With Jiangsu University (Wujin Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University), Changzhou, 213017, China.
- Wujin Institute of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Cancer Medicine, Jiangsu University, Changzhou, 213017, China.
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Sokal-Dembowska A, Jarmakiewicz-Czaja S, Ferenc K, Filip R. Can Nutraceuticals Support the Treatment of MASLD/MASH, and thus Affect the Process of Liver Fibrosis? Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5238. [PMID: 38791276 PMCID: PMC11120776 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Currently, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) are considered to be the main causes of fibrosis. In turn, fibrosis may lead to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma or advanced cirrhosis, i.e., potentially life-threatening conditions. It is likely that therapy aimed at reducing the risk of developing hepatic steatosis and inflammation could be helpful in minimizing the threat/probability of organ fibrosis. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the influence of nutraceuticals in the prevention and treatment of liver diseases. Therefore, the aim of this review was to describe the precise role of selected ingredients such as vitamin C, beta-carotene, omega-3 fatty acids, and curcumin. It is likely that the use of these ingredients in the treatment of patients with MASLD/MASH, along with behavioral and pharmacological therapy, may have a beneficial effect on combating inflammation, reducing oxidative stress, and thereby preventing liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Sokal-Dembowska
- Institute of Health Sciences, Medical College, Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Ferenc
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College, Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Rafał Filip
- Institute of Medicine, Medical College, Rzeszow University, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
- Department of Gastroenterology with IBD Unit, Clinical Hospital No. 2, 35-301 Rzeszow, Poland
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10
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He H, Tang Y, Zhuang L, Zheng Y, Huang X. PINK1/Park2-Mediated Mitophagy Relieve Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Physiol Res 2024; 73:253-263. [PMID: 38710055 PMCID: PMC11081181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Up to now, there's a limited number of studies on the relationship between PINK1/Park2 pathway and mitophagy in NAFLD. To investigate the effect of Park2-mediated mitophagy on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Oleic acid was used for the establishment of NAFLD model. Oil red-dyed lipid drops and mitochondrial alternations were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Enzymatic kit was used to test lipid content. The levels of IL-8 and TNF-alpha were determined by ELISA. Lenti-Park2 and Park2-siRNA were designed to upregulate and downregulate Park2 expression, respectively. The changing expression of PINK and Park2 was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. Immunofluorescence staining was applied to measure the amount of LC3. Successful NAFLD modeling was featured by enhanced lipid accumulation, as well as the elevated total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), TNF-alpha and IL-8 levels. Mitochondria in NAFLD model were morphologically and functionally damaged. Park2 expression was upregulated by lenti-Park2 and downregulated through Park2-siRNA. The PINK1 expression showed the same trend as Park2 expression. Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that the when Park2 was overexpressed, more LC3 protein on mitochondrial autophagosome membrane was detected, whereas Park2 knockdown impeded LC3' locating on the membrane. The transmission electron microscopy image exhibited that the extent of damage to the mitochondrial in NAFLD model was revered by enhanced Park2 expression but further exacerbated by reduced Park2 expression. Park2-mediated mitophagy could relive NAFLD and may be a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD treatment. Keywords: Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), Mitophagy, PINK1/Park2, Park2, PINK1.
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Affiliation(s)
- H He
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
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11
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Wang J, Zhang H, Chen L, Fu K, Yan Y, Liu Z. CircDCBLD2 alleviates liver fibrosis by regulating ferroptosis via facilitating STUB1-mediated PARK7 ubiquitination degradation. J Gastroenterol 2024; 59:229-249. [PMID: 38310161 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-023-02068-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis can progress to cirrhosis and hepatic carcinoma without treatment. CircDCBLD2 was found to be downregulated in liver fibrosis. However, the precise underlying mechanism requires further investigation. METHODS qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry assays were used to detect the related molecule levels. HE, Masson's trichrome, and Sirius Red staining were used to assess the pathological changes in mice's liver tissues. Flow cytometric analysis and commercial kit were used to assess the levels of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and iron. Cell viability was assessed by MTT. Immunoprecipitation was used to study the ubiquitination of PARK7. Mitophagy was determined by immunostaining and confocal imaging. RIP and Co-IP assays were used to assess the interactions of circDCBLD2/HuR, HuR/STUB1, and STUB1/PARK7. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence staining were used to assess the co-localization of circDCBLD2 and HuR. RESULTS CircDCBLD2 was downregulated, whereas PARK7 was upregulated in liver fibrosis. Ferroptosis activators increased circDCBLD2 while decreasing PARK7 in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and mice with liver fibrosis. CircDCBLD2 overexpression reduced cell viability and GSH, PARK7, and GPX4 expression in erastin-treated HSCs while increasing MDA and iron levels, whereas circDCBLD2 knockdown had the opposite effect. CircDCBLD2 overexpression increased STUB1-mediated PARK7 ubiquitination by promoting HuR-STUB1 binding and thus increasing STUB1 mRNA stability. PARK7 overexpression or HuR knockdown reversed the effects of circDCBLD2 overexpression on HSC activation and ferroptosis. CircDCBLD2 reduced liver fibrosis in mice by inhibiting PARK7. CONCLUSION CircDCBLD2 overexpression increased PARK7 ubiquitination degradation by upregulating STUB1 through its interaction with HuR, inhibiting HSC activation and promoting HSC ferroptosis, ultimately enhancing liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Haoye Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Kangkang Fu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Yu Yan
- Department of Infectious Disease, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Zhenguo Liu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410013, China.
- Changsha & Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Hunan, 410008, China.
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12
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Verma S, Ishteyaque S, Washimkar KR, Verma S, Nilakanth Mugale M. Mitochondrial-mediated nuclear remodeling and macrophage polarizations: A key switch from liver fibrosis to HCC progression. Exp Cell Res 2024; 434:113878. [PMID: 38086504 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a significant health burden worldwide and has emerged as the leading cause of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence. Mitochondria are the dynamic organelles that regulate the differentiation, survival, and polarization of macrophages. Nuclear-DNA-associated proteins, micro-RNAs, as well as macrophage polarization are essential for maintaining intracellular and extra-cellular homeostasis in the liver parenchyma. Dysregulated mitochondrial coding genes (ETS complexes I, II, III, IV, and V), non-coding RNAs (mitomiRs), and nuclear alteration lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation which are implicated in the transition of liver fibrosis into HCC. Recent findings indicated the protecting effect of E74-like factor 3/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (Elf-3/PPAR-γ). HDAR-y inhibits the deacetylation of PPAR-y and maintains the PPAR-y pathway. Elf-3 plays a tumor suppressive role through epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related gene and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 (ZEB-2) domain. Additionally, the development of HCC includes the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) pathway that promotes the Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through Smad/Snail/Slug signaling cascade. In contrast, the TLR2/NOX2/autophagy axis promotes M2 polarization in HCC. Thus, a thorough understanding of the mitochondrial and nuclear reciprocal relationship related to macrophage polarization could provide new research opportunities concerning diseases with a significant impact on liver parenchyma towards developing liver fibrosis or liver cancer. Moreover, this knowledge can be used to develop new therapeutic strategies to treat liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shobhit Verma
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sharmeen Ishteyaque
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Kaveri R Washimkar
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Smriti Verma
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Madhav Nilakanth Mugale
- Division of Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CSIR-CDRI), Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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13
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Pervushin NV, Kopeina GS, Zhivotovsky B. Bcl-B: an "unknown" protein of the Bcl-2 family. Biol Direct 2023; 18:69. [PMID: 37899453 PMCID: PMC10614328 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-023-00431-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-B is a poorly understood protein of the Bcl-2 family that is highly expressed in many healthy tissues and tumor types. Bcl-B is considered an antiapoptotic protein, but many reports have revealed its contradictory roles in different cancer types. In this mini-review, we elucidate the functions of Bcl-B in normal conditions and various pathologies, its regulation of programmed cell death, its oncogene/oncosuppressor activity in tumorigenesis, its impact on drug-acquired resistance, and possible approaches to inhibit Bcl-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Pervushin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - G S Kopeina
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - B Zhivotovsky
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Faculty of Medicine, MV Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Division of Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Box 210, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden.
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14
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Lee JH, Kim KM, Jung EH, Lee HR, Yang JH, Cho SS, Ki SH. Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy by TGF-β Is Connected with Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14826. [PMID: 37834275 PMCID: PMC10573240 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the main contributors to the development and progression of liver fibrosis. Parkin is an E3 ligase involved in mitophagy mediated by lysosomes that maintains mitochondrial homeostasis. Unfortunately, there is little information regarding the regulation of parkin by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and its association with HSC trans-differentiation. This study showed that parkin is upregulated in fibrotic conditions and elucidated the underlying mechanism. Parkin was observed in the cirrhotic region of the patient liver tissues and visualized using immunostaining and immunoblotting of mouse fibrotic liver samples and primary HSCs. The role of parkin-mediated mitophagy in hepatic fibrogenesis was examined using TGF-β-treated LX-2 cells with mitophagy inhibitor, mitochondrial division inhibitor 1. Parkin overexpression and its colocalization with desmin in human tissues were found. Increased parkin in fibrotic liver homogenates of mice was observed. Parkin was expressed more abundantly in HSCs than in hepatocytes and was upregulated under TGF-β. TGF-β-induced parkin was due to Smad3. TGF-β facilitated mitochondrial translocation, leading to mitophagy activation, reversed by mitophagy inhibitor. However, TGF-β did not change mitochondrial function. Mitophagy inhibitor suppressed profibrotic genes and HSC migration mediated by TGF-β. Collectively, parkin-involved mitophagy by TGF-β facilitates HSC activation, suggesting mitophagy may utilize targets for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea (E.H.J.); (H.R.L.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Kyu Min Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea (E.H.J.); (H.R.L.); (S.S.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea (E.H.J.); (H.R.L.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Hye Rim Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea (E.H.J.); (H.R.L.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju 58245, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sam Seok Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea (E.H.J.); (H.R.L.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Republic of Korea (E.H.J.); (H.R.L.); (S.S.C.)
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15
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Sharma S, Le Guillou D, Chen JY. Cellular stress in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 20:662-678. [PMID: 37679454 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00832-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
The burden of chronic liver disease is rising substantially worldwide. Fibrosis, characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, is the common pathway leading to cirrhosis, and limited treatment options are available. There is increasing evidence suggesting the role of cellular stress responses contributing to fibrogenesis. This Review provides an overview of studies that analyse the role of cellular stress in different cell types involved in fibrogenesis, including hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Sharma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dounia Le Guillou
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- The Liver Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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16
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Siapoush S, Rezaei R, Alavifard H, Hatami B, Zali MR, Vosough M, Lorzadeh S, Łos MJ, Baghaei K, Ghavami S. Therapeutic implications of targeting autophagy and TGF-β crosstalk for the treatment of liver fibrosis. Life Sci 2023; 329:121894. [PMID: 37380126 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by the excessive deposition and accumulation of extracellular matrix components, mainly collagens, and occurs in response to a broad spectrum of triggers with different etiologies. Under stress conditions, autophagy serves as a highly conserved homeostatic system for cell survival and is importantly involved in various biological processes. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) has emerged as a central cytokine in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and is the main mediator of liver fibrosis. A growing body of evidence from preclinical and clinical studies suggests that TGF-β1 regulates autophagy, a process that affects various essential (patho)physiological aspects related to liver fibrosis. This review comprehensively highlights recent advances in our understanding of cellular and molecular mechanisms of autophagy, its regulation by TGF-β, and the implication of autophagy in the pathogenesis of progressive liver disorders. Moreover, we evaluated crosstalk between autophagy and TGF-β1 signalling and discussed whether simultaneous inhibition of these pathways could represent a novel approach to improve the efficacy of anti-fibrotic therapy in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Siapoush
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramazan Rezaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Helia Alavifard
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behzad Hatami
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research center, Research institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research center, Research institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Lorzadeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Marek J Łos
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 8 Krzywousty St., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Autophagy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; LinkoCare Life Sciences AB, Linkoping, Sweden
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research center, Research institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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17
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Gao R, Tang H, Mao J. Programmed Cell Death in Liver Fibrosis. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:3897-3910. [PMID: 37674533 PMCID: PMC10478980 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s427868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is a comprehensive term that encompasses various forms of cell death, such as apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy, which play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis. PCD facilitates the elimination of aberrant cells, particularly activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), which are the primary producers of extracellular matrix (ECM). The removal of HSCs may impede ECM synthesis, thereby mitigating liver fibrosis. As such, PCD has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for the development of novel drugs to treat liver fibrosis. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the underlying mechanisms of PCD in the elimination of activated HSCs and other aberrant liver cells in fibrotic liver tissue, including hepatocytes, hepatic sinusoid endothelial cells (LSECs), and Kupffer cells (KCs). The induction of PCD, the interplay between different forms of PCD, and the potential harm or benefit of PCD in liver fibrosis are topics of ongoing research. Evidences suggest that PCD is a complex process with dual effects on liver fibrosis. The purpose of this review is to summarize the most recent advances in PCD and liver fibrosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoyu Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiying Tang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116011, People’s Republic of China
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18
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Park HJ, Choi J, Kim H, Yang DY, An TH, Lee EW, Han BS, Lee SC, Kim WK, Bae KH, Oh KJ. Cellular heterogeneity and plasticity during NAFLD progression. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1221669. [PMID: 37635938 PMCID: PMC10450943 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1221669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive liver disease that can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), NASH-related cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). NAFLD ranges from simple steatosis (or nonalcoholic fatty liver [NAFL]) to NASH as a progressive form of NAFL, which is characterized by steatosis, lobular inflammation, and hepatocellular ballooning with or without fibrosis. Because of the complex pathophysiological mechanism and the heterogeneity of NAFLD, including its wide spectrum of clinical and histological characteristics, no specific therapeutic drugs have been approved for NAFLD. The heterogeneity of NAFLD is closely associated with cellular plasticity, which describes the ability of cells to acquire new identities or change their phenotypes in response to environmental stimuli. The liver consists of parenchymal cells including hepatocytes and cholangiocytes and nonparenchymal cells including Kupffer cells, hepatic stellate cells, and endothelial cells, all of which have specialized functions. This heterogeneous cell population has cellular plasticity to adapt to environmental changes. During NAFLD progression, these cells can exert diverse and complex responses at multiple levels following exposure to a variety of stimuli, including fatty acids, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Therefore, this review provides insights into NAFLD heterogeneity by addressing the cellular plasticity and metabolic adaptation of hepatocytes, cholangiocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and Kupffer cells during NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Park
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Choi
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunmi Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Yeon Yang
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Hyeon An
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Baek-Soo Han
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Biodefense Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Kon Kim
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hee Bae
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Oh
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Lin J, Chang Y, Hu M, Gu Q, Dai J, Nan J, Wang Z, Chen J, Zhong D, Zhou E, Wang Y, Cai X. Global trends in research of mitophagy in liver diseases over past two decades: A bibliometric analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18843. [PMID: 37600363 PMCID: PMC10432990 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicated that mitophagy might play a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of liver diseases. In order to enhance our understanding of the intricate relationship between mitophagy and liver diseases, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the existing literature in this field was conducted. This analysis aimed to identify key trends, potential areas of future research, and forecast the development of this specific field. We systematically searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) for publications related to mitophagy in liver diseases from 2000 to 2022. We conducted the bibliometric analysis and data visualization through VOSviewer and CiteSpace. The analysis of publication growth revealed a substantial increase in articles published in this field over the past years, indicating mitophagy's growing interest and significance in liver diseases. China and USA emerged as the leading contributors in the number of papers, with 294 and 194 independent papers, respectively. Exploring the mechanism of mitophagy in the initiation and procession of liver diseases was the main content of studies in this field, and Parkin-independent mediated mitophagy has attracted much attention recently. "Lipid metabolism," "cell death," "liver fibrosis" and "oxidative stress" were the primary keywords clusters. Additionally, "nlrp3 inflammasome", "toxicity" and "nonalcoholic steatohepatitis" were emerging research hotspots in this area and have the potential to continue to be focal areas of investigation in the future. This study represents the first systematic bibliometric analysis of research on mitophagy in liver diseases conducted over the past 20 years. By providing an overview of the existing literature and identifying current research trends, this analysis sheds light on the critical areas of investigation and paves the way for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lin
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yushun Chang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, Cixi People's Hospital of Zhejiang, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiuxia Gu
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinyao Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Nan
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danyang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Enjie Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - YiFan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - XiuJun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology of Zhejiang Province, Department of General Surgery, Sir Run-Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Minimal Invasive Diagnosis and Treatment Technology Research Center of Severe Hepatobiliary Disease, Zhejiang Research and Development Engineering Laboratory of Minimally Invasive Technology and Equipment, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang University Cancer Center, Hangzhou, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou, China
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Liu Z, Wu X, Wang Q, Li Z, Liu X, Sheng X, Zhu H, Zhang M, Xu J, Feng X, Wu B, Lv X. CD73-Adenosine A 1R Axis Regulates the Activation and Apoptosis of Hepatic Stellate Cells Through the PLC-IP 3-Ca 2+/DAG-PKC Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:922885. [PMID: 35784730 PMCID: PMC9245432 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.922885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol-related liver fibrosis (ALF) is a form of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) that generally occurs in response to heavy long-term drinking. Ecto-5'-nucleotidase (NT5E), also known as CD73, is a cytomembrane protein linked to the cell membrane via a GPI anchor that regulates the conversion of extracellular ATP to adenosine. Adenosine and its receptors are important regulators of the cellular response. Previous studies showed that CD73 and adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) were important in alcohol-related liver disease, however the exact mechanism is unclear. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role and mechanism of the CD73-A1R axis in both a murine model of alcohol and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced ALF and in an in vitro model of fibrosis induced by acetaldehyde. The degree of liver injury was determined by measuring serum AST and ALT levels, H & E staining, and Masson's trichrome staining. The expression levels of fibrosis indicators and PLC-IP3-Ca2+/DAG-PKC signaling pathway were detected by quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting, ELISA, and calcium assay. Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) apoptosis was detected using the Annexin V-FITC/PI cell apoptosis detection kit. Knockdown of CD73 significantly attenuated the accumulation of α-SMA and COL1a1 damaged the histological architecture of the mouse liver induced by alcohol and CCl4. In vitro, CD73 inhibition attenuated acetaldehyde-induced fibrosis and downregulated A1R expression in HSC-T6 cells. Inhibition of CD73/A1R downregulated the expression of the PLC-IP3-Ca2+/DAG-PKC signaling pathway. In addition, silencing of CD73/A1R promoted apoptosis in HSC-T6 cells. In conclusion, the CD73-A1R axis can regulate the activation and apoptosis of HSCs through the PLC-IP3-Ca2+/DAG-PKC signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenni Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zixuan Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xueqi Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaodong Sheng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengda Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Junrui Xu
- General Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaowen Feng
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Baoming Wu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiongwen Lv
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Xu ZX, Li JZ, Li Q, Xu MY, Li HY. CircRNA608-microRNA222-PINK1 axis regulates the mitophagy of hepatic stellate cells in NASH related fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 610:35-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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22
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piR-823 inhibits cell apoptosis via modulating mitophagy by binding to PINK1 in colorectal cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:465. [PMID: 35581181 PMCID: PMC9114376 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04922-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mitophagy plays a vital role in the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis and tumorigenesis. Noncoding RNA piR-823 contributes to colorectal tumorigenesis. In this study, we aim to evaluate piR-823-mediated mitophagy and its mechanistic association with colorectal cancer (CRC). Digital gene expression analysis was performed to explore the potential functions of piR-823. A piR-823 antagomir (Ant-823) was used to inhibit piR-823 expression, and piR-823 mimics (mimics-823) were used to increase piR-823 expression. Mitophagy was measured in vivo and in vitro by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis. JC-1 staining, ATP production, real-time PCR, and western blot analysis were used to measure changes in mitochondrial quality and number. siRNA transfection was used to inhibit mitophagy, and CCCP was used to induce mitophagy. RNA pull-down assays and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation assays were conducted to investigate the molecular mechanisms. Here, we found that CRC cells transfected with Ant-823 presented an altered expression of autophagic and mitophagy genes by Digital gene expression analysis. Ant-823 could promote Parkin activation and mitophagy in vitro and in vivo, followed by mitochondrial loss and dysfunction of some mitochondria, whereas mimics-823 exerted the opposite effects in CRC cells. The inhibition of mitophagy by siParkin alleviated Ant-823-induced mitochondrial loss and dysfunction, as well as apoptosis to a certain extent. Furthermore, piR-823 was found to interact with PINK1 and promote its ubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation, thus alleviating mitophagy. Finally, these findings were verifed in samples obtained by patients affected by colorectal cancer. In conclusion, we identify a novel mechanism by which piR-823 regulates mitophagy during CRC tumorigenesis by increasing PINK1 degradation.
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Pathological Contribution of Extracellular Vesicles and Their MicroRNAs to Progression of Chronic Liver Disease. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050637. [PMID: 35625364 PMCID: PMC9137620 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted from most types of cells. EVs encapsulate many diverse bioactive cargoes, such as proteins and nucleic acid, of parental cells and delivers them to recipient cells. Upon injury, the contents altered by cellular stress are delivered into target cells and affect their physiological properties, spreading the disease microenvironment to exacerbate disease progression. Therefore, EVs are emerging as good resources for studying the pathophysiological mechanisms of diseases because they reflect the characteristics of donor cells and play a central role in intercellular communication. Chronic liver disease affects millions of people worldwide and has a high mortality rate. In chronic liver disease, the production and secretion of EVs are significantly elevated, and increased and altered cargoes are packed into EVs, enhancing inflammation, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. Herein, we review EVs released under specific chronic liver disease and explain how EVs are involved in intercellular communication to aggravate liver disease. Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound endogenous nanoparticles released by the majority of cells into the extracellular space. Because EVs carry various cargo (protein, lipid, and nucleic acids), they transfer bioinformation that reflects the state of donor cells to recipient cells both in healthy and pathologic conditions, such as liver disease. Chronic liver disease (CLD) affects numerous people worldwide and has a high mortality rate. EVs released from damaged hepatic cells are involved in CLD progression by impacting intercellular communication between EV-producing and EV-receiving cells, thereby inducing a disease-favorable microenvironment. In patients with CLD, as well as in the animal models of CLD, the levels of released EVs are elevated. Furthermore, these EVs contain high levels of factors that accelerate disease progression. Therefore, it is important to understand the diverse roles of EVs and their cargoes to treat CLD. Herein, we briefly explain the biogenesis and types of EVs and summarize current findings presenting the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of CLD. As the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) within EVs in liver disease is well documented, the effects of miRNAs detected in EVs on CLD are reviewed. In addition, we discuss the therapeutic potential of EVs to treat CLD.
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Lee SO, Kwak AW, Lee MH, Seo JH, Cho SS, Yoon G, Chae JI, Joo SH, Shim JH. Picropodophyllotoxin Induces G1 Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Cancer Cells via ROS Generation and Activation of p38 MAPK Signaling Pathway. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1615-1623. [PMID: 34528917 PMCID: PMC9705953 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2109.09012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Picropodophyllotoxin (PPT), an epimer of podophyllotoxin, is derived from the roots of Podophyllum hexandrum and exerts various biological effects, including anti-proliferation activity. However, the effect of PPT on colorectal cancer cells and the associated cellular mechanisms have not been studied. In the present study, we explored the anticancer activity of PPT and its underlying mechanisms in HCT116 cells. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to monitor cell viability. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cell cycle distribution, the induction of apoptosis, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), assess the mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and multi-caspase activity. Western blot assays were performed to detect the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, apoptosis-related proteins, and p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase). We found that PPT induced apoptosis, cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase, and ROS in the HCT116 cell line. In addition, PPT enhanced the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, which regulates apoptosis and PPT-induced apoptosis. The phosphorylation of p38 MAPK was inhibited by an antioxidant agent (N-acetyl-L-cysteine, NAC) and a p38 inhibitor (SB203580). PPT induced depolarization of the mitochondrial inner membrane and caspase-dependent apoptosis, which was attenuated by exposure to Z-VAD-FMK. Overall, these data indicate that PPT induced G1 arrest and apoptosis via ROS generation and activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-On Lee
- Department of Biomedicine, Health and Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Ah-Won Kwak
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeonnam 58245, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Seo
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Sik Cho
- Department of Biomedicine, Health and Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Goo Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Il Chae
- Department of Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Joo
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author S.H. Joo Phone: +82-53-850-3614 Fax: +82-53-359-6729 E-mail:
| | - Jung-Hyun Shim
- Department of Biomedicine, Health and Life Convergence Sciences, BK21 Four, Biomedical and Healthcare Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea,Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Mokpo National University, Muan, Jeonnam 58554, Republic of Korea,The China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450008, P.R. China,
J.H. Shim Phone: +82-61-450-2684 Fax: +82-61-450-2689 E-mail:
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Choubey V, Zeb A, Kaasik A. Molecular Mechanisms and Regulation of Mammalian Mitophagy. Cells 2021; 11:38. [PMID: 35011599 PMCID: PMC8750762 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria in the cell are the center for energy production, essential biomolecule synthesis, and cell fate determination. Moreover, the mitochondrial functional versatility enables cells to adapt to the changes in cellular environment and various stresses. In the process of discharging its cellular duties, mitochondria face multiple types of challenges, such as oxidative stress, protein-related challenges (import, folding, and degradation) and mitochondrial DNA damage. They mitigate all these challenges with robust quality control mechanisms which include antioxidant defenses, proteostasis systems (chaperones and proteases) and mitochondrial biogenesis. Failure of these quality control mechanisms leaves mitochondria as terminally damaged, which then have to be promptly cleared from the cells before they become a threat to cell survival. Such damaged mitochondria are degraded by a selective form of autophagy called mitophagy. Rigorous research in the field has identified multiple types of mitophagy processes based on targeting signals on damaged or superfluous mitochondria. In this review, we provide an in-depth overview of mammalian mitophagy and its importance in human health and diseases. We also attempted to highlight the future area of investigation in the field of mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Choubey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, 50411 Tartu, Estonia; (A.Z.); (A.K.)
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26
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Luo X, Xu ZX, Wu JC, Luo SZ, Xu MY. Hepatocyte-derived exosomal miR-27a activates hepatic stellate cells through the inhibition of PINK1-mediated mitophagy in MAFLD. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 26:1241-1254. [PMID: 34853724 PMCID: PMC8607138 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The role of exosome-mediated mitophagy in the crosstalk between hepatocytes (HCs) and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) remains unknown. Serum exosomal miR-27a levels were markedly increased and positively correlated with liver fibrosis in MAFLD patients and mice. Exosomal miR-27a was released from lipotoxic HCs and specifically transmitted to recipient-activated HSCs. PINK1, the key target of miR-27a, primarily mediates mitophagy. Overexpression of miR-27a or knockdown of PINK1 or lipotoxic HC-exosomal miR-27a impaired mitochondria (inhibiting mitophagy, respiration, membrane potential, and transcription while promoting reactive oxygen species production) in activated HSCs and stimulated HSC-derived fibroblasts (promoting activation and proliferation while inhibiting autophagy). High exosomal miR-27a serum levels and a lack of hepatic PINK1-mediated mitophagy were directly related to liver fibrosis in MAFLD mice. Lipotoxic HC exosome transplantation aggravated the degree of PINK1-mediated mitophagy suppression, steatohepatitis, lipidosis, and fibrosis in the livers of MAFLD mice with cirrhosis. Both in vitro and in vivo, exosomes derived from miR-27a-knockdown HCs could not facilitate the abovementioned deteriorating effects. In conclusion, lipotoxic HC-exosomal miR-27a plays a pivotal role in inhibiting mitophagy and in promoting MAFLD-related liver fibrosis by negatively regulating PINK1 expression.
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Dou SD, Zhang JN, Xie XL, Liu T, Hu JL, Jiang XY, Wang MM, Jiang HD. MitoQ inhibits hepatic stellate cell activation and liver fibrosis by enhancing PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy. Open Med (Wars) 2021; 16:1718-1727. [PMID: 34825063 PMCID: PMC8590110 DOI: 10.1515/med-2021-0394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitophagy affects the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Mitochondria-targeted ubiquinone (MitoQ) is a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that reduces the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, its relationship with mitophagy remains unclear. This study evaluated mitophagy during HSC activation and the effects of MitoQ on mitophagy in cell culture and in an animal model of the activation of HSCs. We found that MitoQ reduced the activation of HSCs and alleviated hepatic fibrosis. PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) is a putative serine/threonine kinase located in the mitochondria’s outer membrane. While the activation of primary HSCs or LX-2 cells was associated with reduced PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy, MitoQ reduced intracellular ROS levels, enhanced PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy, and inhibited the activation of HSCs. After knocking down the key mitophagy-related protein, PINK1, in LX-2 cells to block mitophagy, MitoQ intervention failed to inhibit HSC activation. Our results showed that MitoQ inhibited the activation of HSCs and alleviated hepatic fibrosis by enhancing PINK1/parkin-mediated mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Ding Dou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Hebei, China.,Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Jiu-Na Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Hebei, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Hebei, China
| | - Jun-Li Hu
- Emergency Department, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Hebei, China
| | - Miao-Miao Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hui-Ding Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Hebei Institute of Gastroenterology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Digestive Disease, Hebei, China
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28
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Caligiuri A, Gentilini A, Pastore M, Gitto S, Marra F. Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Liver Fibrosis Regression. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102759. [PMID: 34685739 PMCID: PMC8534788 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver injury of different etiologies may result in hepatic fibrosis, a scar formation process consisting in altered deposition of extracellular matrix. Progression of fibrosis can lead to impaired liver architecture and function, resulting in cirrhosis and organ failure. Although fibrosis was previous thought to be an irreversible process, recent evidence convincingly demonstrated resolution of fibrosis in different organs when the cause of injury is removed. In the liver, due to its high regenerative ability, the extent of fibrosis regression and reversion to normal architecture is higher than in other tissues, even in advanced disease. The mechanisms of liver fibrosis resolution can be recapitulated in the following main points: removal of injurious factors causing chronic hepatic damage, elimination, or inactivation of myofibroblasts (through various cell fates, including apoptosis, senescence, and reprogramming), inactivation of inflammatory response and induction of anti-inflammatory/restorative pathways, and degradation of extracellular matrix. In this review, we will discuss the major cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the regression of fibrosis/cirrhosis and the potential therapeutic approaches aimed at reversing the fibrogenic process.
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29
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Li S, Zhang J, Liu C, Wang Q, Yan J, Hui L, Jia Q, Shan H, Tao L, Zhang M. The Role of Mitophagy in Regulating Cell Death. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6617256. [PMID: 34113420 PMCID: PMC8154277 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6617256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles that serve to power critical cellular functions, including act as power generators of the cell, buffer cytosolic calcium overload, production of reactive oxygen species, and modulating cell survival. The structure and the cellular location of mitochondria are critical for their function and depend on highly regulated activities such as mitochondrial quality control (MQC) mechanisms. The MQC is regulated by several sets of processes: mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial fusion and fission, mitophagy, and other mitochondrial proteostasis mechanisms such as mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR) or mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs). These processes are important for the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis, and alterations in the mitochondrial function and signaling are known to contribute to the dysregulation of cell death pathways. Recent studies have uncovered regulatory mechanisms that control the activity of the key components for mitophagy. In this review, we discuss how mitophagy is controlled and how mitophagy impinges on health and disease through regulating cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunao Li
- Department of Forensic Sciences, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Affilated Guangji Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhang
- Department of Forensic Sciences, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Affilated Guangji Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qianliang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Li Hui
- Department of Forensic Sciences, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Affilated Guangji Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiufang Jia
- Department of Forensic Sciences, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Affilated Guangji Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Luyang Tao
- Department of Forensic Sciences, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Affilated Guangji Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingyang Zhang
- Department of Forensic Sciences, School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Affilated Guangji Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Yan J, Cao J, Chen Z. Mining prognostic markers of Asian hepatocellular carcinoma patients based on the apoptosis-related genes. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:175. [PMID: 33602168 PMCID: PMC7891020 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07886-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Apoptosis-related genes(Args)play an essential role in the occurrence and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). However, few studies have focused on the prognostic significance of Args in HCC. In the study, we aim to explore an efficient prognostic model of Asian HCC patients based on the Args. Methods We downloaded mRNA expression profiles and corresponding clinical data of Asian HCC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases. The Args were collected from Deathbase, a database related to cell death, combined with the research results of GeneCards、National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) databases and a lot of literature. We used Wilcoxon-test and univariate Cox analysis to screen the differential expressed genes (DEGs) and the prognostic related genes (PRGs) of HCC. The intersection genes of DEGs and PGGs were seen as crucial Args of HCC. The prognostic model of Asian HCC patients was constructed by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (lasso)- proportional hazards model (Cox) regression analysis. Kaplan-Meier curve, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis, t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) analysis, risk score curve, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the HCC data of ICGC database and the data of Asian HCC patients of Kaplan-Meier plotter database were used to verify the model. Results A total of 20 of 56 Args were differentially expressed between HCC and adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.05). Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that 10 of 56 Args were associated with survival time and survival status of HCC patients (p < 0.05). There are seven overlapping genes of these 20 and 10 genes, including BAK1, BAX, BNIP3, CRADD, CSE1L, FAS, and SH3GLB1. Through Lasso-Cox analysis, an HCC prognostic model composed of BAK1, BNIP3, CSE1L, and FAS was constructed. Kaplan-Meier curve, PCA, t-SNE analysis, risk score curve, ROC curve, and secondary verification of ICGC database and Kaplan-Meier plotter database all support the reliability of the model. Conclusions Lasso-Cox regression analysis identified a 4-gene prognostic model, which integrates clinical and gene expression and has a good effect. The expression of Args is related to the prognosis of HCC patients, but the specific mechanism remains to be further verified. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-07886-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbin Yan
- The Second Central Laboratory, Key Lab of Integrative Chinese and Western medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Jielu Cao
- The Second Central Laboratory, Key Lab of Integrative Chinese and Western medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Zhiyun Chen
- The Second Central Laboratory, Key Lab of Integrative Chinese and Western medicine for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Circulatory Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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BCL2L10 Is Overexpressed in Melanoma Downstream of STAT3 and Promotes Cisplatin and ABT-737 Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 13:cancers13010078. [PMID: 33396645 PMCID: PMC7795116 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary BCL2L10 is the sixth and less studied protein from the group of Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic proteins. These proteins are important therapeutic targets since they convey resistance to anticancer regimens. We describe here for the first time the role of BCL2L10 in melanoma. We found that BCL2L10 is abundantly and frequently expressed both in melanoma cell lines and tumor samples. This increased expression is due to the activity of the transcription factor STAT3 that positively regulate BCL2L10 transcription. We describe that Bcl2l10 is a pro-survival factor in melanoma, being able to protect cells from the cytotoxic effect of different drugs, including cisplatin, dacarbazine, and ABT-737. BCL2L10 also inhibited the cell death upon combination treatments of PLX-4032, a BRAF inhibitor, with ABT-737 or cisplatin. In summary, we determined that BCL2L10 is expressed in melanoma and contributes to cell survival. Hence, targeting BCL2L10 may enhance the clinical efficacy of other therapies for malignant melanoma. Abstract The anti-apoptotic proteins from the Bcl-2 family are important therapeutic targets since they convey resistance to anticancer regimens. Despite the suspected functional redundancy among the six proteins of this subfamily, both basic studies and therapeutic approaches have focused mainly on BCL2, Bcl-xL, and MCL1. The role of BCL2L10, another member of this group, has been poorly studied in cancer and never has been in melanoma. We describe here that BCL2L10 is abundantly and frequently expressed both in melanoma cell lines and tumor samples. We established that BCL2L10 expression is driven by STAT3-mediated transcription, and by using reporter assays, site-directed mutagenesis, and ChIP analysis, we identified the functional STAT3 responsive elements in the BCL2L10 promoter. BCL2L10 is a pro-survival factor in melanoma since its expression reduced the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin, dacarbazine, and ABT-737 (a BCL2, Bcl-xL, and Bcl-w inhibitor). Meanwhile, both genetic and pharmacological inhibition of BCL2L10 sensitized melanoma cells to cisplatin and ABT-737. Finally, BCL2L10 inhibited the cell death upon combination treatments of PLX-4032, a BRAF inhibitor, with ABT-737 or cisplatin. In summary, we determined that BCL2L10 is expressed in melanoma and contributes to cell survival. Hence, targeting BCL2L10 may enhance the clinical efficacy of other therapies for malignant melanoma.
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Cui Z, Huang N, Liu L, Li X, Li G, Chen Y, Wu Q, Zhang J, Long S, Wang M, Sun F, Shi Y, Pan Q. Dynamic analysis of m6A methylation spectroscopy during progression and reversal of hepatic fibrosis. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1707-1723. [PMID: 33174480 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To dynamically analyze the differential m6A methylation during the progression and reversal of hepatic fibrosis. Materials & methods: We induced hepatic fibrosis in C57/BL6 mice by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4. The reversal model of hepatic fibrosis was established by stopping drug after continuous injection of CCl4. Dynamic m6A methylation was evaluated using MeRIP-Seq in the progression and reversal of hepatic fibrosis at different stages. Result: During the hepatic fibrosis, differential m6A methylation was mainly enriched in processes associated with oxidative stress and cytochrome metabolism, while differential m6A methylation was mainly enriched in processes associated with immune response and apoptosis in the hepatic fibrosis reversal. Conclusion: m6A methylation plays an important role in the progression and reversal of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqi Cui
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200081, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Guohui Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301# Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Shuping Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Minyi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200081, China
| | - Qiuhui Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
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Jia WQ, Zhou TC, Dai JW, Liu ZN, Zhang YF, Zang DD, Lv XW. CD73 regulates hepatic stellate cells activation and proliferation through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 890:173667. [PMID: 33121948 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver fibrosis (ALF) is commonly associated with long-term alcohol consumption and the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Inhibiting the activation and proliferation of HSCs is a critical step to alleviate liver fibrosis. Increasing evidence indicates that ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) plays a vital role in liver disease as a critical component of extracellular adenosine pathway. However, the regulatory role of CD73 in ALF has not been elucidated. In this study, both ethanol plus CCl4-induced liver fibrosis mice model and acetaldehyde-activated HSC-T6 cell model were employed and the expression of CD73 was consistently elevated in vivo and in vitro. C57BL/6 J mice were intraperitoneally injected with CD73 inhibitor Adenosine 5'-(α, β-methylene) diphosphate sodium salt (APCP) from 5th week to the 8th week in the development of ALF. The results showed APCP could inhibit the activation of HSCs, reduce fibrogenesis marker expression and thus alleviate ALF. Silencing of CD73 inhibited the activation of HSC-T6 cells and promoted apoptosis of activated HSC-T6 cells. What's more, the proliferation of HSC-T6 cells was inhibited, which was characterized by decreased cell viability and cycle arrest. Mechanistically, Wnt/β-catenin pathway was activated in acetaldehyde-activated HSC-T6 cells and CD73 silencing or overexpression could regulate Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Collectively, our study unveils the role of CD73 in HSCs activation, and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway might be involved in this progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qian Jia
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Tao-Cheng Zhou
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jing-Wen Dai
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ya-Fei Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zang
- The Center for Scientific Research of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Xiong-Wen Lv
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei, China; Institute for Liver Diseases of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Joaquim M, Escobar-Henriques M. Role of Mitofusins and Mitophagy in Life or Death Decisions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:572182. [PMID: 33072754 PMCID: PMC7539839 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.572182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria entail an incredible dynamism in their morphology, impacting death signaling and selective elimination of the damaged organelles. In turn, by recycling the superfluous or malfunctioning mitochondria, mostly prevalent during aging, mitophagy contributes to maintain a healthy mitochondrial network. Mitofusins locate at the outer mitochondrial membrane and control the plastic behavior of mitochondria, by mediating fusion events. Besides deciding on mitochondrial interconnectivity, mitofusin 2 regulates physical contacts between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum, but also serves as a decisive docking platform for mitophagy and apoptosis effectors. Thus, mitofusins integrate multiple bidirectional inputs from and into mitochondria and ensure proper energetic and metabolic cellular performance. Here, we review the role of mitofusins and mitophagy at the cross-road between life and apoptotic death decisions. Furthermore, we highlight the impact of this interplay on disease, focusing on how mitofusin 2 and mitophagy affect non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Joaquim
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mafalda Escobar-Henriques
- Institute for Genetics, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Li X, Zhang W, Cao Q, Wang Z, Zhao M, Xu L, Zhuang Q. Mitochondrial dysfunction in fibrotic diseases. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:80. [PMID: 32963808 PMCID: PMC7474731 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although fibrosis is a common pathological feature of most end-stage organ diseases, its pathogenesis remains unclear. There is growing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction contributes to the development and progression of fibrosis. The heart, liver, kidney and lung are highly oxygen-consuming organs that are sensitive to mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, the fibrotic process of skin and islet is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction as well. This review summarized emerging mechanisms related to mitochondrial dysfunction in different fibrotic organs and tissues above. First, it highlighted the important elucidation of mitochondria morphological changes, mitochondrial membrane potential and structural damage, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and reactive oxidative species (ROS) production, etc. Second, it introduced the abnormality of mitophagy and mitochondrial transfer also contributed to the fibrotic process. Therefore, with gaining the increasing knowledge of mitochondrial structure, function, and origin, we could kindle a new era for the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of many fibrotic diseases based on mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Li
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, Hunan China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, Hunan China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Qingtai Cao
- Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, 410013 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Mingyi Zhao
- Pediatric Department of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Linyong Xu
- School of Life Science, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, Hunan China
| | - Quan Zhuang
- Transplantation Center of the 3rd Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, Hunan China
- Research Center of National Health Ministry on Transplantation Medicine, 410013 Changsha, Hunan China
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Yang J, Tao Q, Zhou Y, Chen Q, Li L, Hu S, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Shu J, Zhang X, Zhang L, Zhang L. MicroRNA-708 represses hepatic stellate cells activation and proliferation by targeting ZEB1 through Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 871:172927. [PMID: 31962101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 01/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is caused by a sustained wound healing response to chronic liver injury, and the activation of insubstantial hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is the key process involved. The progression of liver fibrosis may be attenuated by suppressing activation and proliferation of the HSCs. MicroRNA (miRNA) have emerged as major players in governing fundamental biological processes through multiple mechanisms MiR-708 is known to inhibit the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, whether miR-708 can function as a transcriptional regulator in liver fibrosis remains unclear. Our study demonstrated that miR-708 expression was inhibited in fibrotic liver tissues and in activated HSCs, accompanied by an increase of the Zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) level. Besides, overexpression of miR-708 and silencing of ZEB1 inhibited the activation and proliferation of LX-2 cells. While knockdown of miR-708 or overexpression of ZEB1 showed reversed results. Further, dual luciferase reporter assays showed that miR-708 directly targeted ZEB1 in vitro. Interestingly, ZEB1 was found to be involved in HSCs by regulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Together, our data showed that miR-708 may be a potential therapeutic target in liver fibrosis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfa Yang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qing Tao
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Qingfeng Chen
- Clinic Medical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Liangyun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yumin Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinling Shu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xianzheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; The Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Lingling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Rao S, Xiang J, Huang J, Zhang S, Zhang M, Sun H, Li J. PRC1 promotes GLI1-dependent osteopontin expression in association with the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and aggravates liver fibrosis. Cell Biosci 2019; 9:100. [PMID: 31867100 PMCID: PMC6916466 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-019-0363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background PRC1 (Protein regulator of cytokinesis 1) regulates microtubules organization and functions as a novel regulator in Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Wnt/β-catenin is involved in development of liver fibrosis (LF). We aim to investigate effect and mechanism of PRC1 on liver fibrosis. Methods Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced mice LF model was established and in vitro cell model for LF was induced by mice primary hepatic stellate cell (HSC) under glucose treatment. The expression of PRC1 in mice and cell LF models was examined by qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction), western blot and immunohistochemistry. MTT assay was used to detect cell viability, and western blot to determine the underlying mechanism. The effect of PRC1 on liver pathology was examined via measurement of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and hydroxyproline, as well as histopathological analysis. Results PRC1 was up-regulated in CCl4-induced mice LF model and activated HSC. Knockdown of PRC1 inhibited cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis of activated HSC. PRC1 expression was regulated by Wnt3a signaling, and PRC1 could regulate downstream β-catenin activation. Moreover, PRC1 could activate glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1)-dependent osteopontin expression to participate in LF. Adenovirus-mediated knockdown of PRC1 in liver attenuated LF and reduced collagen deposition. Conclusions PRC1 aggravated LF through regulating Wnt/β-catenin mediated GLI1-dependent osteopontin expression, providing a new potential therapeutic target for LF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenzong Rao
- 1Department of Transfusion, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Jie Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, Wuhan City, 430023 Hubei Province China
| | - Jingsong Huang
- 3Department of Transfusion, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 2000 Xiangan Eastroad, Xiangan District, Xiamen, 361101 China
| | - Shangang Zhang
- 4Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 2000 Xiangan Eastroad, Xiangan District, Xiamen, 361101 China
| | - Min Zhang
- 1Department of Transfusion, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Haoran Sun
- 1Department of Transfusion, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
| | - Jian Li
- 1Department of Transfusion, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022 China
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Glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt alleviates Concanavalin A-induced immunological liver injury in mice through the regulation of the balance of immune cells and the inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 120:109481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Robert G, Jacquel A, Auberger P. Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy and Its Emerging Role in Hematological Malignancies. Cells 2019; 8:E1260. [PMID: 31623164 PMCID: PMC6830112 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) ensures the selective degradation of cellular proteins endowed with a KFERQ-like motif by lysosomes. It is estimated that 30% of all cellular proteins can be directed to the lysosome for CMA degradation, but only a few substrates have been formally identified so far. Mechanistically, the KFERQ-like motifs present in substrate proteins are recognized by the molecular chaperone Hsc70c (Heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein cytosolic), also known as HSPA8, and directed to LAMP2A, which acts as the CMA receptor at the lysosomal surface. Following linearization, the protein substrate is next transported to the lumen of the lysosomes, where it is degraded by resident proteases, mainly cathepsins and eventually recycled to sustain cellular homeostasis. CMA is induced by different stress conditions, including energy deprivation that also activates macro-autophagy (MA), that may make it difficult to decipher the relative impact of both pathways on cellular homeostasis. Besides common inducing triggers, CMA and MA might be induced as compensatory mechanisms when either mechanism is altered, as it is the often the case in different pathological settings. Therefore, CMA activation can compensate for alterations of MA and vice versa. In this context, these compensatory mechanisms, when occurring, may be targeted for therapeutic purposes. Both processes have received particular attention from scientists and clinicians, since modulation of MA and CMA may have a profound impact on cellular proteostasis, metabolism, death, differentiation, and survival and, as such, could be targeted for therapeutic intervention in degenerative and immune diseases, as well as in cancer, including hematopoietic malignancies. The role of MA in cancer initiation and progression is now well established, but whether and how CMA is involved in tumorigenesis has been only sparsely explored. In the present review, we encompass the description of the mechanisms involved in CMA, its function in the physiology and pathogenesis of hematopoietic cells, its emerging role in cancer initiation and development, and, finally, the potential therapeutic opportunity to target CMA or CMA-mediated compensatory mechanisms in hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Robert
- Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine ,Université Nice Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm1065, 06100 Nice, France.
| | - Arnaud Jacquel
- Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine ,Université Nice Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm1065, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Patrick Auberger
- Mediterranean Center for Molecular Medicine ,Université Nice Côte d'Azur, C3M/Inserm1065, 06100 Nice, France.
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Active Constituent in the Ethyl Acetate Extract Fraction of Terminalia bellirica Fruit Exhibits Antioxidation, Antifibrosis, and Proapoptosis Capabilities In Vitro. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:5176090. [PMID: 31210842 PMCID: PMC6532289 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5176090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.) Roxb. fruit (TBF) is a widely planted traditional medicinal herb in Tibet. We aimed to determine the most active substance-enriched extract by comparing the in vitro antioxidant activities of different extract fractions of TBF that were subsequently extracted by petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol after initial extraction by 95% ethanol. The main compounds of the ethyl acetate extract fraction (EF) were analyzed via HPLC-MS. Gallic acid (GA) was obtained from EF to determine in vitro antifibrotic activity based on the traditional usage of TBF. After HSC-T6 cells were incubated with GA, extracellular secreted levels of fibrosis-associated cytokines, such as collagen I, collagen III, TGF-β1, and hydroxyproline, were estimated by ELISA. Gene and protein expressions of PDGFR, CTGF, NF-κB, MMP-2, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, α-SMA, and the Bcl-2/Bax family were determined by quantitative PCR and western blot. The proapoptotic effect of GA was further investigated by annexin V-PI and TUNEL staining. These results indicate that EF has prominent in vitro antioxidant activity among four extract fractions, and its main component, GA, manifests antifibrosis activity and its potential mechanism of action includes inhibition of cytokine secretion and collagen synthesis, as well as proapoptosis of HSCs.
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