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Wu Y, Hu H, Wang T, Guo W, Zhao S, Wei R. Characterizing mitochondrial features in osteoarthritis through integrative multi-omics and machine learning analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1414301. [PMID: 39026663 PMCID: PMC11254675 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1414301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Osteoarthritis (OA) stands as the most prevalent joint disorder. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to the pathogenesis of OA. The main goal of this study is to uncover the pivotal role of mitochondria in the mechanisms driving OA development. Materials and methods We acquired seven bulk RNA-seq datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and examined the expression levels of differentially expressed genes related to mitochondria in OA. We utilized single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA), gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA), and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) analyses to explore the functional mechanisms associated with these genes. Seven machine learning algorithms were utilized to identify hub mitochondria-related genes and develop a predictive model. Further analyses included pathway enrichment, immune infiltration, gene-disease relationships, and mRNA-miRNA network construction based on these hub mitochondria-related genes. genome-wide association studies (GWAS) analysis was performed using the Gene Atlas database. GSEA, gene set variation analysis (GSVA), protein pathway analysis, and WGCNA were employed to investigate relevant pathways in subtypes. The Harmonizome database was employed to analyze the expression of hub mitochondria-related genes across various human tissues. Single-cell data analysis was conducted to examine patterns of gene expression distribution and pseudo-temporal changes. Additionally, The real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to validate the expression of these hub mitochondria-related genes. Results In OA, the mitochondria-related pathway was significantly activated. Nine hub mitochondria-related genes (SIRT4, DNAJC15, NFS1, FKBP8, SLC25A37, CARS2, MTHFD2, ETFDH, and PDK4) were identified. They constructed predictive models with good ability to predict OA. These genes are primarily associated with macrophages. Unsupervised consensus clustering identified two mitochondria-associated isoforms that are primarily associated with metabolism. Single-cell analysis showed that they were all expressed in single cells and varied with cell differentiation. RT-PCR showed that they were all significantly expressed in OA. Conclusion SIRT4, DNAJC15, NFS1, FKBP8, SLC25A37, CARS2, MTHFD2, ETFDH, and PDK4 are potential mitochondrial target genes for studying OA. The classification of mitochondria-associated isoforms could help to personalize treatment for OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinteng Wu
- Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Haifeng Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Joint, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Wenliang Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Shijian Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the Affiliated Cardiovascular Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Fuwai Yunnan Cardiovascular Hospital), Kunming, China
| | - Ruqiong Wei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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2
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Qi Z, Zhu J, Cai W, Lou C, Li Z. The role and intervention of mitochondrial metabolism in osteoarthritis. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:1513-1524. [PMID: 37486450 PMCID: PMC11224101 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04818-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), a prevalent degenerative joint disease, affects a substantial global population. Despite the elusive etiology of OA, recent investigations have implicated mitochondrial dysfunction as a significant factor in disease pathogenesis. Mitochondria, pivotal cellular organelles accountable for energy production, exert essential roles in cellular metabolism. Hence, mitochondrial dysfunction can exert broad-ranging effects on various cellular processes implicated in OA development. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the metabolic alterations occurring in OA and elucidate the diverse mechanisms through which mitochondrial dysfunction can contribute to OA pathogenesis. These mechanisms encompass heightened oxidative stress and inflammation, perturbed chondrocyte metabolism, and compromised autophagy. Furthermore, this review will explore potential interventions targeting mitochondrial metabolism as means to impede or decelerate the progression of OA. In summary, this review offers a comprehensive understanding of the involvement of mitochondrial metabolism in OA and underscores prospective intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhai Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, The 960th hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the People's Liberation Army, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jiaping Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinan City People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wusheng Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Heze Third People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Chunbiao Lou
- Department of Orthopedics, Heze Third People's Hospital, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Zongyu Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The 960th hospital of the Joint Logistics Support Force of the People's Liberation Army, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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3
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Ma T, Xu G, Gao T, Zhao G, Huang G, Shi J, Chen J, Song J, Xia J, Ma X. Engineered Exosomes with ATF5-Modified mRNA Loaded in Injectable Thermogels Alleviate Osteoarthritis by Targeting the Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:21383-21399. [PMID: 38626424 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) progression is highly associated with chondrocyte mitochondrial dysfunction and disorders of catabolism and anabolism of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the articular cartilage. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), which is an integral component of the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system, is essential for maintaining chondrocyte homeostasis. We successfully validated the pivotal role of activating transcription factor 5 (ATF5) in upregulating the UPRmt, mitigating IL-1β-induced inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, and promoting balanced metabolism in articular cartilage ECM, proving its potential as a promising therapeutic target for OA. Modified mRNAs (modRNAs) have emerged as novel and efficient gene delivery vectors for nucleic acid therapeutic approaches. In this study, we combined Atf5-modRNA (modAtf5) with engineered exosomes derived from bone mesenchymal stem cells (ExmodAtf5) to exert cytoprotective effects on chondrocytes in articular cartilage via Atf5. However, the rapid localized metabolization of ExmodAtf5 limits its application. PLGA-PEG-PLGA (Gel), an injectable thermosensitive hydrogel, was used as a carrier of ExmodAtf5 (Gel@ExmodAtf5) to achieve a sustained release of ExmodAtf5. In vitro and in vivo, the use of Gel@ExmodAtf5 was shown to be a highly effective strategy for OA treatment. The in vivo therapeutic effect of Gel@ExmodAtf5 was evidenced by the preservation of the intact cartilage surface, low OARSI scores, fewer osteophytes, and mild subchondral bone sclerosis and cystic degeneration. Consequently, the combination of ExmodAtf5 and PLGA-PEG-PLGA could significantly enhance the therapeutic efficacy and prolong the exosome release. In addition, the mitochondrial protease ClpP enhanced chondrocyte autophagy by modulating the mTOR/Ulk1 pathway. As a result of our research, Gel@ExmodAtf5 can be considered to be effective at alleviating the progression of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancong Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Guangyu Xu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Tian Gao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Guanglei Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Gangyong Huang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Jingsheng Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
| | - Xiaosheng Ma
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, 12th Wulumuqi Middle Road, Jing'an District, Shanghai 200040, China
- Fudan University, 220th Handan Road, Yang'pu District, Shanghai 200082, China
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4
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Huang D, Li Y, Han J, Zuo H, Liu H, Chen Z. Xbp1 promotes odontoblastic differentiation through modulating mitochondrial homeostasis. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23600. [PMID: 38572599 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202400186r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Odontoblast differentiation depends on the orderly recruitment of transcriptional factors (TFs) in the transcriptional regulatory network. The depletion of crucial TFs disturbs dynamic alteration of the chromatin landscape and gene expression profile, leading to developmental defects. Our previous studies have revealed that the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) TF family is crucial in odontoblastic differentiation, but the function of bZIP TF family member XBP1 is still unknown. Here, we showed the stage-specific expression patterns of the spliced form Xbp1s during tooth development. Elevated Xbp1 expression and nuclear translocation of XBP1S in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were induced by differentiation medium in vitro. Diminution of Xbp1 expression impaired the odontogenic differentiation potential of MSCs. The further integration of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq identified Hspa9 as a direct downstream target, an essential mitochondrial chaperonin gene that modulated mitochondrial homeostasis. The amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction rescued the impaired odontogenic differentiation potential of MSCs caused by the diminution of Xbp1. Furthermore, the overexpression of Hspa9 rescued Xbp1-deficient defects in odontoblastic differentiation. Our study illustrates the crucial role of Xbp1 in odontoblastic differentiation via modulating mitochondrial homeostasis and brings evidence to the therapy of mitochondrial diseases caused by genetic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanyan Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- TaiKang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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5
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Zhao T, Niu D, Chen Y, Fu P. The role of mitochondrial quality control mechanisms in chondrocyte senescence. Exp Gerontol 2024; 188:112379. [PMID: 38378048 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Chondrocytes are the exclusive cellular constituents of articular cartilage, and their functional status governs the health of the cartilage. The primary factor contributing to the deterioration of cartilage structure and function is chondrocyte senescence. In hypoxia and hypodextrose environment, chondrocytes heavily rely on glycolysis for energy metabolism. Mitochondria, acting as the regulatory hub for chondrocyte energy metabolism, exhibit dysfunction before chondrocyte senescence, indicating their crucial involvement in the process. Previous research has suggested that molecules associated with mitochondrial quality control mechanisms can effectively restore mitochondrial function and alleviate chondrocyte senescence. However, there remains to be clarity regarding the relationship between mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and differences in efficacy among various target molecules, which pose challenges when evaluating them in chondrocytes. By conducting a comprehensive review of the existing literature on mitochondrial quality control mechanisms and chondrocyte senescence, we gain further insights into this intricate relationship while identifying promising targets that could potentially open up novel avenues for the treatment of chondrocyte senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlei Zhao
- Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Dawei Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China; Department of Orthopaedics, The 971 hospital of CPLA Navy, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yancheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Peiliang Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
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6
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Xu WN, Zheng HL, Yang RZ, Sun YF, Peng BR, Liu C, Song J, Jiang SD, Zhu LX. The mitochondrial UPR induced by ATF5 attenuates intervertebral disc degeneration via cooperating with mitophagy. Cell Biol Toxicol 2024; 40:16. [PMID: 38472656 PMCID: PMC10933207 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-024-09854-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is an aging disease that results in a low quality of life and heavy socioeconomic burden. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) take part in various aging-related diseases. Our research intents to explore the role and underlying mechanism of UPRmt in IVDD. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells were exposed to IL-1β and nicotinamide riboside (NR) served as UPRmt inducer to treat NP cells. Detection of ATP, NAD + and NADH were used to determine the function of mitochondria. MRI, Safranin O-fast green and Immunohistochemical examination were used to determine the degree of IVDD in vivo. In this study, we discovered that UPRmt was increased markedly in the NP cells of human IVDD tissues than in healthy controls. In vitro, UPRmt and mitophagy levels were promoted in NP cells treated with IL-1β. Upregulation of UPRmt by NR and Atf5 overexpression inhibited NP cell apoptosis and further improved mitophagy. Silencing of Pink1 reversed the protective effects of NR and inhibited mitophagy induced by the UPRmt. In vivo, NR might attenuate the degree of IDD by activating the UPRmt in rats. In summary, the UPRmt was involved in IVDD by regulating Pink1-induced mitophagy. Mitophagy induced by the UPRmt might be a latent treated target for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Ning Xu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Huo-Liang Zheng
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China
| | - Run-Ze Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan-Fang Sun
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Bi-Rong Peng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Sheng-Dan Jiang
- Department of Clinic of Spine Center, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200082, China.
| | - Li-Xin Zhu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Orthopedic Medical Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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7
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Liu T, Li X, Pang M, Wang L, Li Y, Sun X. Machine learning-based endoplasmic reticulum-related diagnostic biomarker and immune microenvironment landscape for osteoarthritis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4563-4578. [PMID: 38428406 PMCID: PMC10968715 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease worldwide. Further improving the current limited understanding of osteoarthritis has positive clinical value. METHODS OA samples were collected from GEO database and endoplasmic reticulum related genes (ERRGs) were identified. The WGCNA network was further built to identify the crucial gene module. Based on the expression profiles of characteristic ERRGs, LASSO algorithm was used to select key factors according to the minimum λ value. Random forest (RF) algorithm was used to calculate the importance of ERRGs. Subsequently, overlapping genes based on LASSO and RF algorithms were identified as ERRGs-related diagnostic biomarkers. In addition, OA specimens were also collected and performed qRT-PCR quantitative analysis of selected ERRGs. RESULTS We identified four ERRGs associated with OA risk assessment through machine learning methods, and verified the abnormal expressions of these screened markers in OA patients through in vitro experiments. The influence of selected markers on OA immune infiltration was also evaluated. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide new evidence for the role of ER stress in the OA progression, as well as new markers and potential intervention targets for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Research Center for Drug Safety Evaluation of Hainan, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Xiaomao Li
- Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huaian, Jiangsu 223023, China
| | - Mu Pang
- The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518000, China
| | - Lifen Wang
- Research Center for Drug Safety Evaluation of Hainan, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
| | - Ye Li
- Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Chongqing 404120, China
| | - Xizhe Sun
- Research Center for Drug Safety Evaluation of Hainan, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 571199, China
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Lammi MJ, Qu C. Regulation of Oxygen Tension as a Strategy to Control Chondrocytic Phenotype for Cartilage Tissue Engineering and Regeneration. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:211. [PMID: 38534484 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11030211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cartilage defects and osteoarthritis are health problems which are major burdens on health care systems globally, especially in aging populations. Cartilage is a vulnerable tissue, which generally faces a progressive degenerative process when injured. This makes it the 11th most common cause of global disability. Conservative methods are used to treat the initial phases of the illness, while orthopedic management is the method used for more progressed phases. These include, for instance, arthroscopic shaving, microfracturing and mosaicplasty, and joint replacement as the final treatment. Cell-based implantation methods have also been developed. Despite reports of successful treatments, they often suffer from the non-optimal nature of chondrocyte phenotype in the repair tissue. Thus, improved strategies to control the phenotype of the regenerating cells are needed. Avascular tissue cartilage relies on diffusion for nutrients acquisition and the removal of metabolic waste products. A low oxygen content is also present in cartilage, and the chondrocytes are, in fact, well adapted to it. Therefore, this raises an idea that the regulation of oxygen tension could be a strategy to control the chondrocyte phenotype expression, important in cartilage tissue for regenerative purposes. This narrative review discusses the aspects related to oxygen tension in the metabolism and regulation of articular and growth plate chondrocytes and progenitor cell phenotypes, and the role of some microenvironmental factors as regulators of chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikko J Lammi
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Chengjuan Qu
- Department of Odontology, Umeå University, SE-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Dodge JD, Browder NJ, Pellegrino MW. Mitochondrial recovery by the UPR mt: Insights from C. elegans. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:59-68. [PMID: 36792440 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are multifaceted organelles, with such functions as the production of cellular energy to the regulation of cell death. However, mitochondria incur various sources of damage from the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and DNA mutations that can impact the protein folding environment and impair their function. Since mitochondrial dysfunction is often associated with reductions in organismal fitness and possibly disease, cells must have safeguards in place to protect mitochondrial function and promote recovery during times of stress. The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a transcriptional adaptation that promotes mitochondrial repair to aid in cell survival during stress. While the earlier discoveries into the regulation of the UPRmt stemmed from studies using mammalian cell culture, much of our understanding about this stress response has been bestowed to us by the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Indeed, the facile but powerful genetics of this relatively simple nematode has uncovered multiple regulators of the UPRmt, as well as several physiological roles of this stress response. In this review, we will summarize these major advancements originating from studies using C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Dodge
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Biology, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Nicholas J Browder
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Biology, Arlington, TX 76019, USA
| | - Mark W Pellegrino
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Department of Biology, Arlington, TX 76019, USA.
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10
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Martín-Reyes F, Bernal M, Rodríguez-Díaz C, Rodríguez-de los Reyes D, Ho-Plagaro A, Rodríguez-Pacheco F, Camacho-Martel L, Camargo-Camero R, Rodríguez-González FJ, Alcain-Martínez G, Martín-Masot R, Navas-López VM, Villanueva-Paz M, Lucena MI, García-Fuentes E, López-Gómez C. Mitochondrial Stress Links Environmental Triggers with Pro-Inflammatory Signaling in Crohn's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2105. [PMID: 38136224 PMCID: PMC10741078 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic, inflammatory disorders of the gut. The incidence and activity of IBD are determined by both genetic and environmental factors. Among these factors, polymorphisms in genes related to autophagy and the consumption of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been consistently associated with IBD. We show that NSAIDs induce mitochondrial stress and mitophagy in intestinal epithelial cells. In an altered mitophagy context simulating that observed in IBD patients, NSAID-induced mitochondrial stress leads to the release of mitochondrial components, which act as Danger Associated Molecular Patterns with pro-inflammatory potential. Furthermore, colonic organoids from Crohn's disease patients and healthy donors show activation of the mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response (UPRmt) upon treatment with ibuprofen. Finally, colon biopsies from Crohn's disease patients in remission or with low-to-moderate activity also show expression of genes involved in UPRmt, while patients with severe activity show no increase compared to healthy donors. Our results suggest the involvement of mitochondria in the mechanisms triggering inflammation in IBD after NSAID use. Moreover, our results highlight the clinical relevance of mitochondrial stress and activation of the UPRmt pathway in the pathophysiology of Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flores Martín-Reyes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Bernal
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Díaz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Damaris Rodríguez-de los Reyes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Ailec Ho-Plagaro
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisca Rodríguez-Pacheco
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Laura Camacho-Martel
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Raquel Camargo-Camero
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Francisco J. Rodríguez-González
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Guillermo Alcain-Martínez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Rafael Martín-Masot
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Infantil, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Víctor M. Navas-López
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Sección de Gastroenterología y Nutrición Infantil, Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Pediatría, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Marina Villanueva-Paz
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - María Isabel Lucena
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- UICEC IBIMA, Plataforma SCReN (Spanish Clinical Research Network), Servicio de Farmacología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Universidad de Málaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Eduardo García-Fuentes
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos López-Gómez
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Malaga, Spain; (F.M.-R.); (M.B.); (C.R.-D.); (D.R.-d.l.R.); (A.H.-P.); (F.R.-P.); (L.C.-M.); (R.C.-C.); (G.A.-M.); (R.M.-M.); (V.M.N.-L.); (M.V.-P.); (M.I.L.)
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, 29010 Malaga, Spain
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Fang G, Wen X, Jiang Z, Du X, Liu R, Zhang C, Huang G, Liao W, Zhang Z. FUNDC1/PFKP-mediated mitophagy induced by KD025 ameliorates cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis. Mol Ther 2023; 31:3594-3612. [PMID: 37838829 PMCID: PMC10727975 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease, but no disease-modifying drugs have been approved for OA treatment. Mitophagy participates in mitochondrial homeostasis regulation by selectively clearing dysfunctional mitochondria, which might contribute to cartilage degeneration in OA. Here, we provide evidence of impaired mitophagy in OA chondrocytes, which exacerbates chondrocyte degeneration. Among the several classic mitophagy-regulating pathways and receptors, we found that FUNDC1 plays a key role in preserving chondrocyte homeostasis by inducing mitophagy. FUNDC1 knockdown in vitro and knockout in vivo decreased mitophagy and exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction, exacerbating chondrocyte degeneration and OA progression. FUNDC1 overexpression via intra-articular injection of adeno-associated virus alleviated cartilage degeneration in OA. Mechanistically, our study demonstrated that PFKP interacts with and dephosphorylates FUNDC1 to induce mitophagy in chondrocytes. Further analysis identified KD025 as a candidate drug for restoring chondrocyte mitophagy by increasing the FUNDC1-PFKP interaction and thus alleviating cartilage degeneration in mice with DMM-induced OA. Our study highlights the role of the FUNDC1-PFKP interaction in chondrocyte homeostasis via mitophagy induction and identifies KD025 as a promising agent for treating OA by increasing chondrocyte mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Fang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xingzhao Wen
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, and Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 64 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zongrui Jiang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Xue Du
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruonan Liu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengyun Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Guiwu Huang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiming Liao
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China.
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Shan S, Liu Z, Wang S, Liu Z, Chao S, Zhang C, Li M, Song F. Mitochondrial oxidative stress regulates LonP1-TDP-43 pathway and rises mitochondrial damage in carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 264:115409. [PMID: 37647804 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-mediated liver damage has been well recognized, but the sources and mechanisms of mitochondrial damage during this progress still remain poorly understood. Accumulating evidence has revealed that LonP1-TDP-43 pathway affect proper mitochondrial integrity and function in neurodegenerative diseases. The current study aims to investigate whether mitochondrial oxidative stress regulate LonP1-TDP-43 pathway and the possible roles of this pathway in CCl4-driven liver fibrosis. We found that TDP-43 interacted with LonP1 in chronic CCl4 exposure-induced hepatic fibrogenesis. Moreover, CCl4 led to deficiency of LonP1 and excessive accumulation of TDP-43 on mitochondria. Particularly, the gene correlation analysis for liver fibrosis patients RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) results (GSE159676) showed an obvious negative correlation between LonP1 and TDP-43. By contrast, MitoQ enhanced the occurrence of mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR), especially the activation of LonP1 after CCl4 treatment. Importantly, mitochondrial antioxidant also promoted the degradation of TDP-43 and alleviated mitochondrial damage. In addition, our results showed that CCl4 induced the release of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and effectively elevated cGAS-STING-mediated immune response, which can be inhibited by MitoQ. Finally, MitoQ prevented CCl4-induced liver fibrosis. Together, our study revealed that LonP1-TDP-43 pathway mediated by mitochondrial oxidative stress participated in the progress of CCl4-drived liver fibrosis. Therefore, mitigating or reversing mitochondrial damage through targeting LonP1-TDP-43 pathway may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy for CCl4 exposure-induced liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Shan
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhidan Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Zhaoxiong Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Shihua Chao
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Cuiqin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China
| | - Ming Li
- Shandong Academy of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China.
| | - Fuyong Song
- Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250012, PR China.
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Cilleros-Holgado P, Gómez-Fernández D, Piñero-Pérez R, Reche-López D, Álvarez-Córdoba M, Munuera-Cabeza M, Talaverón-Rey M, Povea-Cabello S, Suárez-Carrillo A, Romero-González A, Suárez-Rivero JM, Romero-Domínguez JM, Sánchez-Alcázar JA. mtUPR Modulation as a Therapeutic Target for Primary and Secondary Mitochondrial Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021482. [PMID: 36674998 PMCID: PMC9865803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key pathological event in many diseases. Its role in energy production, calcium homeostasis, apoptosis regulation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance render mitochondria essential for cell survival and fitness. However, there are no effective treatments for most primary and secondary mitochondrial diseases to this day. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches, such as the modulation of the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR), are being explored. mtUPRs englobe several compensatory processes related to proteostasis and antioxidant system mechanisms. mtUPR activation, through an overcompensation for mild intracellular stress, promotes cell homeostasis and improves lifespan and disease alterations in biological models of mitochondrial dysfunction in age-related diseases, cardiopathies, metabolic disorders, and primary mitochondrial diseases. Although mtUPR activation is a promising therapeutic option for many pathological conditions, its activation could promote tumor progression in cancer patients, and its overactivation could lead to non-desired side effects, such as the increased heteroplasmy of mitochondrial DNA mutations. In this review, we present the most recent data about mtUPR modulation as a therapeutic approach, its role in diseases, and its potential negative consequences in specific pathological situations.
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