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Argov-Argaman N, Altman H, Janssen JN, Daeem S, Raz C, Mesilati-Stahy R, Penn S, Monsonego-Ornan E. Effect of milk fat globules on growth and metabolism in rats fed an unbalanced diet. Front Nutr 2024; 10:1270171. [PMID: 38274212 PMCID: PMC10808575 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1270171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
We assessed the effects of supplementing milk fat globules (MFG) on the growth and development of the skeleton in rats fed a Western unbalanced diet (UBD). The UBD is high in sugar and fat, low in protein, fiber, and micronutrients, and negatively impacts health. The MFG-a complex lipid-protein assembly secreted into milk-has a unique structure and composition, which differs significantly from isolated and processed dietary ingredients. Rats consuming the UBD exhibited growth retardation and disrupted bone structural and mechanical parameters; these were improved by supplementation with small MFG. The addition of small MFG increased the efficiency of protein utilization for growth, and improved trabecular and cortical bone parameters. Furthermore, consumption of UBD led to a decreased concentration of saturated fatty acids and increased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), particularly omega-6 PUFA, in the serum, liver, and adipose tissue. The addition of small MFG restored PUFA concentration and the ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA in bone marrow and adipose tissue. Finally, large but not small MFG supplementation affected the cecal microbiome in rats. Overall, our results suggest that natural structure MFG supplementation can improve metabolism and bone development in rats fed an UBD, with the effects depending on MFG size. Moreover, the benefits of small MFG to bone development and metabolism were not mediated by the microbiome, as the detrimental effects of an UBD on the microbiome were not mitigated by MFG supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurit Argov-Argaman
- Department of Animal Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hodaya Altman
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Seman Daeem
- Department of Animal Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chen Raz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ronit Mesilati-Stahy
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Svetlana Penn
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Efrat Monsonego-Ornan
- School of Nutrition Science, Institute of Biochemistry, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Gong H, Yuan Q, Du M, Mao X. Polar lipid-enriched milk fat globule membrane supplementation in maternal high-fat diet promotes intestinal barrier function and modulates gut microbiota in male offspring. Food Funct 2023; 14:10204-10220. [PMID: 37909908 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo04026c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal development plays a critical role in physiology and disease in early life and has long-term effects on the health status throughout the lifespan. Maternal high-fat diet (HFD) fuels the inflammatory reaction and metabolic syndrome, disrupts intestinal barrier function, and alters gut microbiota in offspring. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether polar lipid-enriched milk fat globule membrane (MFGM-PL) supplementation in maternal HFD could promote intestinal barrier function and modulate gut microbiota in male offspring. Obese female rats induced by HFD were supplemented with MFGM-PL during pregnancy and lactation. The offspring were fed HFD for 11 weeks after weaning. MFGM-PL supplementation to dams fed HFD decreased the body weight gain and ameliorated abnormalities of serum insulin, lipids, and inflammatory cytokines in offspring at weaning. Maternal MFGM-PL supplementation promoted the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression of Ki-67, lysozyme, mucin 2, zonula occludens-1, claudin-3, and occludin. Additionally, MFGM-PL supplementation to HFD dams improved gut dysbiosis in offspring. MFGM-PL increased the relative abundance of Akkermansiaceae, Ruminococcaceae, and Blautia. Concomitantly, maternal MFGM-PL treatment increased short-chain fatty acids of colonic contents and G-protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 41 and GPR 43 expressions in the colon of offspring. Importantly, the beneficial effects of maternal MFGM-PL intervention persisted to offspring's adulthood, as evidenced by increased relative abundance of norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Romboutsia and modulated the taxonomic diversity of gut microbiota in adult offspring. In summary, maternal MFGM-PL supplementation improved intestinal development in the offspring of dams fed with HFD, which exerted long-term beneficial effects on offspring intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Gong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qichen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Xueying Mao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Pawar A, Zabetakis I, Gavankar T, Lordan R. Milk polar lipids: Untapped potential for pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. PHARMANUTRITION 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2023.100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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4
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Garcia C, Anto L, Blesso CN. Effects of Milk Polar Lipids on DSS-Induced Colitis Severity Are Dependent on Dietary Fat Content. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235145. [PMID: 36501176 PMCID: PMC9738862 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In the United States, over three million adults suffer from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The gut microbiome, host immune response, and nutrient-microbial interactions are known to play a role in IBD. The relationship between dairy and IBD is controversial; thus, the objectives of this study were to identify how milk polar lipids (MPLs) and anhydrous milk fat affect colitis disease activity, the colonic transcriptome, and the gut microbiome in a mouse model of chemical-induced colitis. Male and female C57BL/6J mice (n = 120) were randomized into either a low (5% w/w) milk fat or a high (21% w/w) milk fat diet supplemented with either 0%, 1%, or 2% w/w of MPLs for three weeks (n = 10/group/sex). Afterwards, colitis was induced using 1% dextran sodium sulfate in drinking water for five days (colitis induction) and then switched to regular water for five days (colitis recovery). Mice fed added MPLs were protected against colitis when fed a high-fat diet, while added MPLs during low-fat diet attenuated disease activity during the colitis induction period yet promoted colitis and inflammation in male mice during the recovery period. Dietary fat content can alter colitis and influence the anti-inflammatory effect of milk polar lipids.
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Magnuson AD, Bukowski MR, Rosenberger TA, Picklo MJ. Quantifying Sphingomyelin in Dairy through Infusion-Based Shotgun Mass Spectrometry with Lithium-Ion-Induced Fragmentation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:13808-13817. [PMID: 36239443 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying sphingomyelin (SM) species by infusion-based mass spectrometry (MS) is complicated by the presence of isobaric phosphatidylcholine (PC) species, which generate a common m/z 184 product ion in the presence of ammonium ions as a result of the phosphocholine headgroup. Lithium ion adducts of SM undergo a selective dehydration [Li + H2O + (CH3)3NC2H4PO4] with a corresponding neutral loss of -207 Da. This neutral loss was employed to create a SM-selective method for identifying target species, which were quantitated using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). SM-selective fragments in MS3 were used to characterize the sphingosine base and acyl chain. These methods were used to identify 50 individual SM species in bovine milk ranging from SM 28:1 to SM 44:2, with d16:1, d17:1, d18:1, d19:1, and d20:1 bases, and acyl fatty acids ranging from 10 to 25 carbons and 0-1 desaturations. Spiked SM standards into milk had a recovery of 99.7%, and endogenous milk SM had <10% coefficient of variation for both intra- and interday variability, with limits of detection of 1.4-5.55 nM and limits of quantitation of 11.8-178.1 nM. This MS-MRM method was employed to accurately and precisely quantify SM species in dairy products, including bovine-derived whole milk, half and half, whipping cream, and goat milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D Magnuson
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2420 Second Avenue North, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203, United States
| | - Michael R Bukowski
- Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Thad A Rosenberger
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58201, United States
| | - Matthew J Picklo
- Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), 2420 Second Avenue North, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58203, United States
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Yuan Q, Gong H, Du M, Li T, Mao X. Milk fat globule membrane supplementation to obese rats during pregnancy and lactation promotes neurodevelopment in offspring via modulating gut microbiota. Front Nutr 2022; 9:945052. [PMID: 36046136 PMCID: PMC9421050 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.945052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-pregnancy obesity and high-fat diet (HFD) during pregnancy and lactation are associated with neurodevelopmental delay in offspring. This study aimed to investigate whether milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) supplementation in obese dams could promote neurodevelopment in offspring. Obese female rats induced by HFD were supplemented with MFGM during pregnancy and lactation. Maternal HFD exposure significantly delayed the maturation of neurological reflexes and inhibited neurogenesis in offspring, which were significantly recovered by maternal MFGM supplementation. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that MFGM supplementation modulated the diversity and composition of gut microbiota in offspring. The abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria such as Escherichia shigella and Enterococcus were down-regulated, and the abundance of bacteria with anti-inflammatory and anti-obesity functions, such as Akkermansia and Lactobacillus were up-regulated. Furthermore, MFGM alleviated neuroinflammation by decreasing the levels of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the circulation and brain, as well as inhibiting the activation of microglia. Spearman’s correlation analysis suggested that there existed a correlation between gut microbiota and inflammation-related indexes. In conclusion, maternal MFGM supplementation promotes neurodevelopment partly via modulating gut microbiota in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qichen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Han Gong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Tiange Li
- Henan Engineering Technology Research Center of Food Processing and Circulation Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xueying Mao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Cirulli F, De Simone R, Musillo C, Ajmone-Cat MA, Berry A. Inflammatory Signatures of Maternal Obesity as Risk Factors for Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Role of Maternal Microbiota and Nutritional Intervention Strategies. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153150. [PMID: 35956326 PMCID: PMC9370669 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a main risk factor for the onset and the precipitation of many non-communicable diseases. This condition, which is associated with low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, is of main concern during pregnancy leading to very serious consequences for the new generations. In addition to the prominent role played by the adipose tissue, dysbiosis of the maternal gut may also sustain the obesity-related inflammatory milieu contributing to create an overall suboptimal intrauterine environment. Such a condition here generically defined as “inflamed womb” may hold long-term detrimental effects on fetal brain development, increasing the vulnerability to mental disorders. In this review, we will examine the hypothesis that maternal obesity-related gut dysbiosis and the associated inflammation might specifically target fetal brain microglia, the resident brain immune macrophages, altering neurodevelopmental trajectories in a sex-dependent fashion. We will also review some of the most promising nutritional strategies capable to prevent or counteract the effects of maternal obesity through the modulation of inflammation and oxidative stress or by targeting the maternal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cirulli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; or
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Roberta De Simone
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.D.S.); (M.A.A.-C.)
| | - Chiara Musillo
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; or
- PhD Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Ajmone-Cat
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (R.D.S.); (M.A.A.-C.)
| | - Alessandra Berry
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; or
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (A.B.)
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