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Lung SCC, Tsou MCM, Cheng CHC, Setyawati W. Peaks, sources, and immediate health impacts of PM 2.5 and PM 1 exposure in Indonesia and Taiwan with microsensors. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2024:10.1038/s41370-024-00689-4. [PMID: 38806636 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-024-00689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microsensors have been used for the high-resolution particulate matter (PM) monitoring. OBJECTIVES This study applies PM and health microsensors with the objective of assessing the peak exposure, sources, and immediate health impacts of PM2.5 and PM1 in two Asian countries. METHODS Exposure assessment and health evaluation were carried out for 50 subjects in 2018 and 2019 in Bandung, Indonesia and for 55 subjects in 2019 and 2020 in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. Calibrated AS-LUNG sets and medical-certified RootiRx® sensors were used to assess PM and heart-rate variability (HRV), respectively. RESULTS Overall, the 5-min mean exposure of PM2.5 and PM1 was 30.4 ± 20.0 and 27.0 ± 15.7 µg/m3 in Indonesia and 14.9 ± 11.2 and 13.9 ± 9.8 µg/m3 in Taiwan, respectively. The maximum 5-min peak PM2.5 and PM1 exposures were 473.6 and 154.0 µg/m3 in Indonesia and 467.4 and 217.7 µg/m3 in Taiwan, respectively. Community factories and mosquito coil burning are the two most important exposure sources, resulting in, on average, 4.73 and 5.82 µg/m3 higher PM2.5 exposure increments for Indonesian subjects and 10.1 and 9.82 µg/m3 higher PM2.5 exposure for Taiwanese subjects compared to non-exposure periods, respectively. Moreover, agricultural waste burning and incense burning were another two important exposure sources, but only in Taiwan. Furthermore, 5-min PM2.5 and PM1 exposure had statistically significantly immediate impacts on the HRV indices and heart rates of all subjects in Taiwan and the scooter subjects in Indonesia with generalized additive mixed models. The HRV change for a 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 and PM1 ranged from -0.9% to -2.5% except for ratio of low-high frequency, with greater impacts associated with PM1 than PM2.5 in both countries. IMPACT STATEMENT This work highlights the ability of microsensors to capture high peaks of PM2.5 and PM1, to identify exposure sources through the integration of activity records, and to assess immediate changes in heart rate variability for a panel of approximately 50 subjects in Indonesia and Taiwan. This study stands out as one of the few to demonstrate the immediate health impacts of peak PM, complementing to the short-term (days or weeks) or long-term effects (months or longer) assessed in most epidemiological studies. The technology/methodology employed offer great potential for researchers in the resource-limited countries with high PM2.5 and PM1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chun Candice Lung
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC.
| | | | | | - Wiwiek Setyawati
- Research Center for Climate and Atmosphere, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Kota Bandung, Indonesia
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Groppelli A, Rafanelli M, Testa GD, Agusto S, Rivasi G, Carbone E, Soranna D, Zambon A, Castiglioni P, Ungar A, Brignole M, Parati G. Detection of impending reflex syncope by means of an integrated multisensor patch-type recorder. J Hum Hypertens 2023; 37:1098-1104. [PMID: 37208523 DOI: 10.1038/s41371-023-00840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We assessed the capability of an integrated multisensory patch-type monitor (RootiRx®) in detecting episodes of reflex (pre)syncope induced by tilt table test (TTT). Firstly, we performed an intrapatient comparison of cuffless systolic blood pressure (SBP), R-R interval (RRI) and variability (power spectrum analysis) obtained by means of the RootiRx® with those obtained with conventional methods (CONV) with validated finger pressure devices at baseline in supine position and repeatedly during TTT in 32 patients affected by likely reflex syncope. Secondly, the LF/HF values obtained with RootiRx® during TTT were analyzed in 50 syncope patients. Compared with baseline supine recordings, during TTT a decrement of median SBP was observed with CONV (-53.5 mmHg) but not with RootiRx® ®(-1 mmHg). Conversely, RRI reduction (CONV: 102 ms; RootiRx®: 127 ms) and RRI Low Frequency/High Frequency powers ratio (LF/HF) increase (CONV: 1.6; RootiRx®: 2.5) were similar. The concordance was good for RRI (0.97 [95% CI 0.96-0.98]) and fair for LF/HF ratio (0.69 [95% CI 0.46-0.83]). During the first 5 min of TTT the LF/HF ratio was higher in patients who later developed syncope than in no-syncope patients. This ratio was significantly different among patients with syncope, presyncope or without symptoms at the time of syncope (p value = 0.02). In conclusion, cuffless RootiRx® was unable to detect rapid drops of SBP occurring during impending reflex syncope and thus cannot be used as a diagnostic tool for hypotensive syncope. On the other hand, RRI mean values and LF/HF power ratios obtained with RootiRx® were consistent with those simultaneously obtained using conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Groppelli
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Faint & Fall programme, Cardiology Unit and Department of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Rafanelli
- Syncope Unit, Division of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Dario Testa
- Syncope Unit, Division of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Samuele Agusto
- Syncope Unit, Division of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Rivasi
- Syncope Unit, Division of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Erika Carbone
- Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Soranna
- Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Zambon
- Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Castiglioni
- IRCCS Fondazione Don C. Gnocchi ONLUS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology and Life sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Andrea Ungar
- Syncope Unit, Division of Geriatric and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Florence and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Michele Brignole
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Faint & Fall programme, Cardiology Unit and Department of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Parati
- IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Faint & Fall programme, Cardiology Unit and Department of Cardiology, San Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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Lin X, Luo J, Liao M, Su Y, Lv M, Li Q, Xiao S, Xiang J. Wearable Sensor-Based Monitoring of Environmental Exposures and the Associated Health Effects: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1131. [PMID: 36551098 PMCID: PMC9775571 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in sensor technology have facilitated the development and use of personalized sensors in monitoring environmental factors and the associated health effects. No studies have reviewed the research advancement in examining population-based health responses to environmental exposure via portable sensors/instruments. This study aims to review studies that use portable sensors to measure environmental factors and health responses while exploring the environmental effects on health. With a thorough literature review using two major English databases (Web of Science and PubMed), 24 eligible studies were included and analyzed out of 16,751 total records. The 24 studies include 5 on physical factors, 19 on chemical factors, and none on biological factors. The results show that particles were the most considered environmental factor among all of the physical, chemical, and biological factors, followed by total volatile organic compounds and carbon monoxide. Heart rate and heart rate variability were the most considered health indicators among all cardiopulmonary outcomes, followed by respiratory function. The studies mostly had a sample size of fewer than 100 participants and a study period of less than a week due to the challenges in accessing low-cost, small, and light wearable sensors. This review guides future sensor-based environmental health studies on project design and sensor selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueer Lin
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jiaying Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Minyan Liao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yalan Su
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Mo Lv
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Shenglan Xiao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Jianbang Xiang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
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Effects of COVID-19-Epidemic-Related Changes in Human Behaviors on Air Quality and Human Health in Metropolitan Parks. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13020276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of the new coronavirus pneumonia (Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19) created a serious impact on the lives of people around the world. Humans, affected by the COVID-19 virus, must reduce related activities to suppress the spread of this disease. However, the pandemic had a positive impact on the environment due to reduced outdoor activities. The correlation between reduced human outdoor activities and health effects was investigated in this study through two Metropolitan parks in Taichung, Taiwan. The developed low-cost air quality sensors were installed in these two parks to detect the variances in PM2.5 concentrations during the epidemic outbreak. Experimental results indicated that PM2.5 concentrations in these two parks were reduced from about 23.25 and 22.96 μg/m3 to 8.19 and 8.48 μg/m3, respectively, the median absolute deviations (MAD) decreased from 4.21 and 4.57 to 1.71 and 1.35, respectively after the epidemic outbreak, and the calculated standard deviation of all normal-to-normal interval (SDNN) and the ratio of low-frequency power to high-frequency (LF/HF) indicated that the drops of PM2.5 concentrations caused the increased health-related benefits by 73.53% with the variances being low. These results showed that the PM2.5 concentrations displayed high correlations with human activities, which also played important roles in human health effects.
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Lung SCC, Thi Hien T, Cambaliza MOL, Hlaing OMT, Oanh NTK, Latif MT, Lestari P, Salam A, Lee SY, Wang WCV, Tsou MCM, Cong-Thanh T, Cruz MT, Tantrakarnapa K, Othman M, Roy S, Dang TN, Agustian D. Research Priorities of Applying Low-Cost PM 2.5 Sensors in Southeast Asian Countries. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:1522. [PMID: 35162543 PMCID: PMC8835170 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The low-cost and easy-to-use nature of rapidly developed PM2.5 sensors provide an opportunity to bring breakthroughs in PM2.5 research to resource-limited countries in Southeast Asia (SEA). This review provides an evaluation of the currently available literature and identifies research priorities in applying low-cost sensors (LCS) in PM2.5 environmental and health research in SEA. The research priority is an outcome of a series of participatory workshops under the umbrella of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project-Monsoon Asia and Oceania Networking Group (IGAC-MANGO). A literature review and research prioritization are conducted with a transdisciplinary perspective of providing useful scientific evidence in assisting authorities in formulating targeted strategies to reduce severe PM2.5 pollution and health risks in this region. The PM2.5 research gaps that could be filled by LCS application are identified in five categories: source evaluation, especially for the distinctive sources in the SEA countries; hot spot investigation; peak exposure assessment; exposure-health evaluation on acute health impacts; and short-term standards. The affordability of LCS, methodology transferability, international collaboration, and stakeholder engagement are keys to success in such transdisciplinary PM2.5 research. Unique contributions to the international science community and challenges with LCS application in PM2.5 research in SEA are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chun Candice Lung
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (W.-C.V.W.); (M.-C.M.T.)
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - To Thi Hien
- Faculty of Environment, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.T.H.); (T.C.-T.)
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Maria Obiminda L. Cambaliza
- Department of Physics, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City 1108, Philippines;
- Air Quality Dynamics Laboratory, Manila Observatory, Quezon City 1108, Philippines;
| | | | - Nguyen Thi Kim Oanh
- Environmental Engineering and Management, SERD, Asian Institute of Technology, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand;
| | - Mohd Talib Latif
- Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Puji Lestari
- Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Bandung Institute of Technology, Bandung 40132, Indonesia;
| | - Abdus Salam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Shih-Yu Lee
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (W.-C.V.W.); (M.-C.M.T.)
| | - Wen-Cheng Vincent Wang
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (W.-C.V.W.); (M.-C.M.T.)
| | - Ming-Chien Mark Tsou
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (S.-Y.L.); (W.-C.V.W.); (M.-C.M.T.)
| | - Tran Cong-Thanh
- Faculty of Environment, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam; (T.T.H.); (T.C.-T.)
- College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | | | - Kraichat Tantrakarnapa
- Department of Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand;
| | - Murnira Othman
- Institute for Environment and Development (Lestari), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia;
| | - Shatabdi Roy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh; (A.S.); (S.R.)
| | - Tran Ngoc Dang
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Dwi Agustian
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung 40171, Indonesia;
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Effects of low-frequency noise from wind turbines on heart rate variability in healthy individuals. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17817. [PMID: 34497296 PMCID: PMC8426498 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97107-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wind turbines generate low-frequency noise (LFN, 20-200 Hz), which poses health risks to nearby residents. This study aimed to assess heart rate variability (HRV) responses to LFN exposure and to evaluate the LFN exposure (dB, LAeq) inside households located near wind turbines. Thirty subjects living within a 500 m radius of wind turbines were recruited. The field campaigns for LFN (LAeq) and HRV monitoring were carried out in July and December 2018. A generalized additive mixed model was employed to evaluate the relationship between HRV changes and LFN. The results suggested that the standard deviations of all the normal to normal R-R intervals were reduced significantly, by 3.39%, with a 95% CI = (0.15%, 6.52%) per 7.86 dB (LAeq) of LFN in the exposure range of 38.2-57.1 dB (LAeq). The indoor LFN exposure (LAeq) ranged between 30.7 and 43.4 dB (LAeq) at a distance of 124-330 m from wind turbines. Moreover, households built with concrete and equipped with airtight windows showed the highest LFN difference of 13.7 dB between indoors and outdoors. In view of the adverse health impacts of LFN exposure, there should be regulations on the requisite distances of wind turbines from residential communities for health protection.
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Tsou MCM, Lung SCC, Cheng CH. Demonstrating the Applicability of Smartwatches in PM 2.5 Health Impact Assessment. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21134585. [PMID: 34283134 PMCID: PMC8271904 DOI: 10.3390/s21134585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Smartwatches are being increasingly used in research to monitor heart rate (HR). However, it is debatable whether the data from smartwatches are of high enough quality to be applied in assessing the health impacts of air pollutants. The objective of this study was to assess whether smartwatches are useful complements to certified medical devices for assessing PM2.5 health impacts. Smartwatches and medical devices were used to measure HR for 7 and 2 days consecutively, respectively, for 49 subjects in 2020 in Taiwan. Their associations with PM2.5 from low-cost sensing devices were assessed. Good correlations in HR were found between smartwatches and certified medical devices (rs > 0.6, except for exercise, commuting, and worshipping). The health damage coefficients obtained from smartwatches (0.282% increase per 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5) showed the same direction, with a difference of only 8.74% in magnitude compared to those obtained from certified medical devices. Additionally, with large sample sizes, the health impacts during high-intensity activities were assessed. Our work demonstrates that smartwatches are useful complements to certified medical devices in PM2.5 health assessment, which can be replicated in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Chien Mark Tsou
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (M.-C.M.T.); (C.-H.C.)
| | - Shih-Chun Candice Lung
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (M.-C.M.T.); (C.-H.C.)
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2787-5908; Fax: +886-2-2783-3584
| | - Chih-Hui Cheng
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan; (M.-C.M.T.); (C.-H.C.)
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Tsou MCM, Lung SCC, Shen YS, Liu CH, Hsieh YH, Chen N, Hwang JS. A community-based study on associations between PM 2.5 and PM 1 exposure and heart rate variability using wearable low-cost sensing devices. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 277:116761. [PMID: 33640827 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the effect of personal PM2.5 and PM1 exposures on heart rate variability (HRV) for a community-based population, especially in Asia. This study evaluates the effects of personal PM2.5 and PM1 exposure on HRV during two seasons for 35 healthy adults living in an urban community in Taiwan. The low-cost sensing (LCS) devices were used to monitor the PM levels and HRV, respectively, for two consecutive days. The mean PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations were 13.7 ± 11.4 and 12.7 ± 10.5 μg/m3 (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. Incense burning was the source that contributed most to the PM2.5 and PM1 concentrations, around 9.2 μg/m3, while environmental tobacco smoke exposure had the greatest impacts on HRV indices, being associated with the highest decrease of 20.2% for high-frequency power (HF). The results indicate that an increase in PM2.5 concentrations of one interquartile range (8.7 μg/m3) was associated with a change of -1.92% in HF and 1.60% in ratio of LF to HF power (LF/HF). Impacts on HRV for PM1 were similar to those for PM2.5. An increase in PM1 concentrations of one interquartile range (8.7 μg/m3) was associated with a change of -0.645% in SDNN, -1.82% in HF and 1.54% in LF/HF. Stronger immediate and lag effects of PM2.5 exposure on HRV were observed in overweight/obese subjects (body mass index (BMI) ≥24 kg/m2) compared to the normal-weight group (BMI <24 kg/m2). These results indicate that even low-level PM concentrations can still cause changes in HRV, especially for the overweight/obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shih-Chun Candice Lung
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Atmospheric Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Sheng Shen
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hu Liu
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Hsieh
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Nathan Chen
- Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lung SC, Tsou MM, Hu S, Hsieh Y, Wang WV, Shui C, Tan C. Concurrent assessment of personal, indoor, and outdoor PM 2.5 and PM 1 levels and source contributions using novel low-cost sensing devices. INDOOR AIR 2021; 31:755-768. [PMID: 33047373 PMCID: PMC8247015 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The intensity, frequency, duration, and contribution of distinct PM2.5 sources in Asian households have seldom been assessed; these are evaluated in this work with concurrent personal, indoor, and outdoor PM2.5 and PM1 monitoring using novel low-cost sensing (LCS) devices, AS-LUNG. GRIMM-comparable observations were acquired by the corrected AS-LUNG readings, with R2 up to 0.998. Twenty-six non-smoking healthy adults were recruited in Taiwan in 2018 for 7-day personal, home indoor, and home outdoor PM monitoring. The results showed 5-min PM2.5 and PM1 exposures of 11.2 ± 10.9 and 10.5 ± 9.8 µg/m3 , respectively. Cooking occurred most frequently; cooking with and without solid fuel contributed to high PM2.5 increments of 76.5 and 183.8 µg/m3 (1 min), respectively. Incense burning had the highest mean PM2.5 indoor/outdoor (1.44 ± 1.44) ratios at home and on average the highest 5-min PM2.5 increments (15.0 µg/m3 ) to indoor levels, among all single sources. Certain events accounted for 14.0%-39.6% of subjects' daily exposures. With the high resolution of AS-LUNG data and detailed time-activity diaries, the impacts of sources and ventilations were assessed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih‐Chun Candice Lung
- Research Center for Environmental ChangesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
- Department of Atmospheric SciencesNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health SciencesNational Taiwan UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Shu‐Chuan Hu
- Research Center for Environmental ChangesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Yu‐Hui Hsieh
- Research Center for Environmental ChangesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | | | - Chen‐Kai Shui
- Research Center for Environmental ChangesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Chee‐Hong Tan
- Research Center for Environmental ChangesAcademia SinicaTaipeiTaiwan
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