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Nagao K, Kato C, Ikemoto Y, Motojima T, Fujii K, Umezawa A, Miyashita T. PTCH1-null induced pluripotent stem cells exclusively differentiate into immature ectodermal cells with large areas of medulloblastoma-like tissue. Discov Oncol 2022; 13:36. [PMID: 35618979 PMCID: PMC9135936 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-022-00498-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with an increased incidence of tumors, such as basal cell carcinomas and medulloblastomas. The PTCH1 gene, responsible for NBCCS, suppresses the hedgehog signaling pathway, which is recognized as one of the important pathways in tumorigenesis and, thus, is a therapeutic target in cancer. In the present study, we generated PTCH1-/- induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from NBCCS patient-derived iPSCs (PTCH1+/-) by gene editing. The proliferation of PTCH1-/- iPSCs was accelerated due to the activation of the hedgehog signaling pathway. When PTCH1-/- iPSCs were subcutaneously injected into immunodeficient mice, the resulting teratomas almost exclusively contained immature ectodermal lineage cells expressing medulloblastoma markers, and the percentages of the area occupied by medulloblastoma-like tissue were larger in PTCH1-/- teratomas than in PTCH1+/- teratomas. In contrast, in PTCH1+/+ teratomas, medulloblastoma-like tissue positive for all of these medulloblastoma markers was not observed. The present results indicate the importance of PTCH1 in medulloblastoma formation and the suitability of these gene-edited iPSCs and PTCH1-/- teratomas as models for the formation of tumors, such as medulloblastomas and Hh-related tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Nagao
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan.
| | - Chise Kato
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
| | - Yu Ikemoto
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Toshino Motojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Motojima General Hospital, Gunnma, 373-0033, Japan
| | - Katsunori Fujii
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, International University of Health and Welfare, Chiba, 286-8686, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Department of Reproductive Biology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Miyashita
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku, Sagamihara, 252-0374, Japan
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Miyata S, Saku N, Akiyama S, Javaregowda PK, Ite K, Takashima N, Toyoda M, Yura K, Kimura T, Nishina H, Nakazawa A, Kasahara M, Nonaka H, Kiyono T, Umezawa A. Puromycin-based purification of cells with high expression of the cytochrome P450 CYP3A4 gene from a patient with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:6. [PMID: 35012658 PMCID: PMC8744258 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02680-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many drugs have the potential to induce the expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes, particularly cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), in hepatocytes. Hepatocytes can be accurately evaluated for drug-mediated CYP3A4 induction; this is the gold standard for in vitro hepatic toxicology testing. However, the variation from lot to lot is an issue that needs to be addressed. Only a limited number of immortalized hepatocyte cell lines have been reported. In this study, immortalized cells expressing CYP3A4 were generated from a patient with drug-induced liver injury (DILI). METHODS To generate DILI-derived cells with high expression of CYP3A4, a three-step approach was employed: (1) Differentiation of DILI-induced pluripotent stem cells (DILI-iPSCs); (2) Immortalization of the differentiated cells; (3) Selection of the cells by puromycin. It was hypothesized that cells with high cytochrome P450 gene expression would be able to survive exposure to cytotoxic antibiotics because of their increased drug-metabolizing activity. Puromycin, a cytotoxic antibiotic, was used in this study because of its rapid cytocidal effect at low concentrations. RESULTS The hepatocyte-like cells differentiated from DILI-iPSCs were purified by exposure to puromycin. The puromycin-selected cells (HepaSM or SI cells) constitutively expressed the CYP3A4 gene at extremely high levels and exhibited hepatocytic features over time. However, unlike primary hepatocytes, the established cells did not produce bile or accumulate glycogen. CONCLUSIONS iPSC-derived hepatocyte-like cells with intrinsic drug-metabolizing enzymes can be purified from non-hepatocytes and undifferentiated iPSCs using the cytocidal antibiotic puromycin. The puromycin-selected hepatocyte-like cells exhibited characteristics of hepatocytes after immortalization and may serve as another useful source for in vitro hepatotoxicity testing of low molecular weight drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Miyata
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Noriaki Saku
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, 160-8402, Japan
| | - Saeko Akiyama
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
- Advanced Pediatric Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan
| | - Palaksha Kanive Javaregowda
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Kenta Ite
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Nagisa Takashima
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - Masashi Toyoda
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
- Research Team for Geriatric Medicine (Vascular Medicine), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, 173-0015, Japan
| | - Kei Yura
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
- School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, 162-0041, Japan
| | - Tohru Kimura
- Department of BioSciences, Kitasato University School of Science, Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishina
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakazawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Mureo Kasahara
- Organ Transplantation Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Hidenori Nonaka
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Project for Prevention of HPV-Related Cancer, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
- Advanced Pediatric Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Miyagi, 980-8574, Japan.
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Tanuma-Takahashi A, Inoue M, Kajiwara K, Takagi R, Yamaguchi A, Samura O, Akutsu H, Sago H, Kiyono T, Okamoto A, Umezawa A. Restoration of keratinocytic phenotypes in autonomous trisomy-rescued cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:476. [PMID: 34433490 PMCID: PMC8390253 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02448-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An extra copy of chromosome 21 in humans can alter cellular phenotypes as well as immune and metabolic systems. Down syndrome is associated with many health-related problems and age-related disorders including dermatological abnormalities. However, few studies have focused on the impact of trisomy 21 (T21) on epidermal stem cells and progenitor cell dysfunction. Here, we investigated the differences in keratinocytic characteristics between Down syndrome and euploid cells by differentiating cells from trisomy 21-induced pluripotent stem cells (T21-iPSCs) and autonomous rescued disomy 21-iPSCs (D21-iPSCs). Methods Our protocol for keratinocytic differentiation of T21-iPSCs and D21-iPSCs was employed. For propagation of T21- and D21-iPSC-derived keratinocytes and cell sheet formation, the culture medium supplemented with Rho kinase inhibitor on mouse feeder cells was introduced as growth rate decreased. Before passaging, selection of a keratinocytic population with differential dispase reactivity was performed. Three-dimensional (3D) air-liquid interface was performed in order to evaluate the ability of iPSC-derived keratinocytes to differentiate and form stratified squamous epithelium. Results Trisomy-rescued disomy 21-iPSCs were capable of epidermal differentiation and expressed keratinocytic markers such as KRT14 and TP63 upon differentiation compared to trisomy 21-iPSCs. The lifespan of iPSC-derived keratinocytes could successfully be extended on mouse feeder cells in media containing Rho kinase inhibitor, to more than 34 population doublings over a period of 160 days. Dispase-based purification of disomy iPSC-derived keratinocytes contributed epidermal sheet formation. The trisomy-rescued disomy 21-iPSC-derived keratinocytes with an expanded lifespan generated 3D skin in combination with a dermal fibroblast component. Conclusions Keratinocytes derived from autonomous trisomy-rescued iPSC have the ability of stratification for manufacturing 3D skin with restoration of keratinocytic functions. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02448-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Tanuma-Takahashi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Momoko Inoue
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kajiwara
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Ryo Takagi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.,Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, 162-8666, Japan
| | - Ayumi Yamaguchi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Osamu Samura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Hidenori Akutsu
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sago
- Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Tohru Kiyono
- Project for Prevention of HPV-related Cancer, Exploratory Oncology Research and Clinical Trial Center, National Cancer Center, Chiba, 277-8577, Japan
| | - Aikou Okamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8471, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, Tokyo, 157-8535, Japan.
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Onodera S, Nakamura Y, Azuma T. Gorlin Syndrome: Recent Advances in Genetic Testing and Molecular and Cellular Biological Research. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7559. [PMID: 33066274 PMCID: PMC7590212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gorlin syndrome is a skeletal disorder caused by a gain of function mutation in Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. The Hh family comprises of many signaling mediators, which, through complex mechanisms, play several important roles in various stages of development. The Hh information pathway is essential for bone tissue development. It is also the major driver gene in the development of basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma. In this review, we first present the recent advances in Gorlin syndrome research, in particular, the signaling mediators of the Hh pathway and their functions at the genetic level. Then, we discuss the phenotypes of mutant mice and Hh signaling-related molecules in humans revealed by studies using induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Onodera
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
| | - Yuriko Nakamura
- Department of Oral Oncology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Dental College, 5-11-13 Sugano, Ichikawa, Chiba 272-8513, Japan;
| | - Toshifumi Azuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kandamisaki-cho Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan;
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Gorlin syndrome-induced pluripotent stem cells form medulloblastoma with loss of heterozygosity in PTCH1. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:9935-9947. [PMID: 32436863 PMCID: PMC7288908 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gorlin syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disease with a high incidence of tumors such as basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma. Disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and an animal model have been used to analyze disease pathogenesis. In this study, we generated iPSCs derived from fibroblasts of four patients with Gorlin syndrome (Gln-iPSCs) with heterozygous mutations of the PTCH1 gene. Gln-iPSCs from the four patients developed into medulloblastoma, a manifestation of Gorlin syndrome, in 100% (four out of four), of teratomas after implantation into immunodeficient mice, but none (0/584) of the other iPSC-teratomas did so. One of the medulloblastomas showed loss of heterozygosity in the PTCH1 gene while the benign teratoma, i.e. the non-medulloblastoma portion, did not, indicating a close clinical correlation between tumorigenesis in Gorlin syndrome patients and Gln-iPSCs.
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