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Li H, Jia Q, Yang G, Jiang A, Ni M, Cao F, Lyu B, Liu D, Shi J. Nonlocal Metasurface with Chiral Exceptional Points in the Telecom-Band. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2087-2093. [PMID: 38314714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The exceptional point (EP) is the critical phase transition point in parity-time (PT) symmetry systems, offering many unique physical phenomena, such as a chiral response. Achieving chiral EP in practical applications has been challenging due to the delicate balance required between gain and loss and complicated fabrication, limiting both working band and device miniaturization. Here, we proposed a nonlocal metasurface featuring orthogonal gold nanorods, where loss modulation is achieved through rod size and lattice pitch. By tuning the coupling strength, we experimentally observed the PT symmetry phase transition and chiral EP in the telecom-band. The experimental and simulated circular conversion dichroism at EP reach 0.79 and 0.99, respectively. We also demonstrated an abrupt phase flip of a specific component near EP theoretically. This work provides a feasible scheme for exploring EP in polarized space within the telecom-band, which may find applications in polarization control, wavelength division multiplexing, ultrasensitive sensing, imaging, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haojie Li
- Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.C
| | - Qianwen Jia
- Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.C
| | - Guoxia Yang
- Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.C
| | - Anwen Jiang
- Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.C
| | - Min Ni
- Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.C
| | - Fengzhao Cao
- Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.C
| | - Bokun Lyu
- Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.C
| | - Dahe Liu
- Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.C
| | - Jinwei Shi
- Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory and Key Laboratory of Multiscale Spin Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R.C
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2
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Baßler NS, Aiello A, Schmidt KP, Genes C, Reitz M. Metasurface-Based Hybrid Optical Cavities for Chiral Sensing. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:043602. [PMID: 38335329 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.043602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Quantum metasurfaces, i.e., two-dimensional subwavelength arrays of quantum emitters, can be employed as mirrors towards the design of hybrid cavities, where the optical response is given by the interplay of a cavity-confined field and the surface modes supported by the arrays. We show that stacked layers of quantum metasurfaces with orthogonal dipole orientation can serve as helicity-preserving cavities. These structures exhibit ultranarrow resonances and can enhance the intensity of the incoming field by orders of magnitude, while simultaneously preserving the handedness of the field circulating inside the resonator, as opposed to conventional cavities. The rapid phase shift in the cavity transmission around the resonance can be exploited for the sensitive detection of chiral scatterers passing through the cavity. We discuss possible applications of these resonators as sensors for the discrimination of chiral molecules. Our approach describes a new way of chiral sensing via the measurement of particle-induced phase shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico S Baßler
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrea Aiello
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kai P Schmidt
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Claudiu Genes
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Reitz
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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3
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Ke Y, Song Z, Jiang QD. Vacuum-Induced Symmetry Breaking of Chiral Enantiomer Formation in Chemical Reactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:223601. [PMID: 38101368 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.223601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
A material with symmetry breaking inside can transmit the symmetry breaking to its vicinity by vacuum electromagnetic fluctuations. Here, we show that vacuum quantum fluctuations proximate to a parity-symmetry-broken material can induce a chirality-dependent spectral shift of chiral molecules, resulting in a chemical reaction process that favors producing one chirality over the other. We calculate concrete examples and evaluate the chirality production rate with experimentally realizable parameters, showing the promise of selecting chirality with symmetry-broken vacuum quantum fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhe Ke
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhigang Song
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Qing-Dong Jiang
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Branch, Hefei National Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China
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4
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Duan Y, Che S. Chiral Mesostructured Inorganic Materials with Optical Chiral Response. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2205088. [PMID: 36245314 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating chiral inorganic materials and revealing their unique quantum confinement-determined optical chiral responses are crucial tasks in the multidisciplinary fields of chemistry, physics, and biology. The field of chiral mesostructured inorganic materials started from the synthesis of individual nanocrystals and evolved to include their assembly from metals, semiconductors, ceramics, and inorganic salts endowed with various chiral structures ranging from atomic to micron scales. This tutorial review highlights the recent research on chiral mesostructured inorganic materials, especially the novel expression of mesostructured chirality and endowed optical chiral response, and it may inspire us with new strategies for the design of chiral inorganic materials and new opportunities beyond the traditional applications of chirality. Fabrication methods for chiral mesostructured inorganic materials are classified according to chirality type, scale, and symmetry-breaking mechanism. Special attention is given to highlight systems with original discoveries, exceptional phenomena, or unique mechanisms of optical chiral response for left- and right-handedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Duan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China
| | - Shunai Che
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, State Key Laboratory of Matrix Composite, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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5
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Zhou Y, Bai T, Duan Y. Chiral mesostructured NiFe 2O 4 films with chirality induced spin selectivity. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13207-13210. [PMID: 37853755 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03183g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Chiral mesostructured NiFe2O4 films (CMNFFs) were synthesized using L-/D-tyrosine as symmetry-breaking and structure-directing agents through a hydrothermal method. For the first time, chirality induced spin selectivity was directly observed in these ferrimagnetic materials using chirality-dependent magnetic-tip conducting atomic force microscopy (mc-AFM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Zhou
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China.
| | - Te Bai
- Wuxi Vocational College of Science and Technology, 8 Xinxi Road, Wuxi, 214028, P. R. China
| | - Yingying Duan
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, P. R. China.
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6
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Kühner L, Wendisch FJ, Antonov AA, Bürger J, Hüttenhofer L, de S Menezes L, Maier SA, Gorkunov MV, Kivshar Y, Tittl A. Unlocking the out-of-plane dimension for photonic bound states in the continuum to achieve maximum optical chirality. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:250. [PMID: 37828041 PMCID: PMC10570380 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01295-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
The realization of lossless metasurfaces with true chirality crucially requires the fabrication of three-dimensional structures, constraining experimental feasibility and hampering practical implementations. Even though the three-dimensional assembly of metallic nanostructures has been demonstrated previously, the resulting plasmonic resonances suffer from high intrinsic and radiative losses. The concept of photonic bound states in the continuum (BICs) is instrumental for tailoring radiative losses in diverse geometries, especially when implemented using lossless dielectrics, but applications have so far been limited to planar structures. Here, we introduce a novel nanofabrication approach to unlock the height of individual resonators within all-dielectric metasurfaces as an accessible parameter for the efficient control of resonance features and nanophotonic functionalities. In particular, we realize out-of-plane symmetry breaking in quasi-BIC metasurfaces and leverage this design degree of freedom to demonstrate an optical all-dielectric quasi-BIC metasurface with maximum intrinsic chirality that responds selectively to light of a particular circular polarization depending on the structural handedness. Our experimental results not only open a new paradigm for all-dielectric BICs and chiral nanophotonics, but also promise advances in the realization of efficient generation of optical angular momentum, holographic metasurfaces, and parity-time symmetry-broken optical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucca Kühner
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Fedja J Wendisch
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Alexander A Antonov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia
| | - Johannes Bürger
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Ludwig Hüttenhofer
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany
| | - Leonardo de S Menezes
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Stefan A Maier
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Maxim V Gorkunov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, FSRC "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia
| | - Yuri Kivshar
- Nonlinear Physics Centre, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Andreas Tittl
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, and Center for NanoScience, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Königinstrasse 10, 80539, München, Germany.
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7
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Li J, Liu X, Wang Y, Xu H, Li H, Yue Z, Yang Y, He Y, Liang X, Luo L, Tang T, Yao J. Chiral metasurface zone plate for transmission-reflection focusing of circularly polarized terahertz waves. OPTICS LETTERS 2023; 48:4833-4836. [PMID: 37707914 DOI: 10.1364/ol.501704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The properties of traditional Fresnel zone plates have been greatly enhanced by metasurfaces, which allow the control of polarization, orbital angular momentum, or other parameters on the basis of focusing. In this Letter, a new, to the best of our knowledge, method for circularly polarized wave manipulation based on a zone plate is proposed. Chiral meta-atoms and binary geometric phase are used for the simultaneous focusing of reflected and transmitted terahertz waves. The silicon-based dielectric chiral units, which show great performance of spin-selective transmission near 0.54 THz, separate the orthogonal circularly polarized components. A binary Pancharatnam-Berry (P-B) phase gradient is obtained by rotating the unit 90 degrees, then the phase zone plate can be easily designed. The simulation results show that the proposed chiral metasurface zone plate has the function of reflection-transmission separation and focusing for the circularly polarized terahertz waves. In addition, we also demonstrate the possibility of using a 1064-nm continuous infrared laser to adjust the intensity of our devices, based on photo-generated carriers in silicon. The design principle of the chiral metasurface zone plates can be extended to other wavelengths, providing new ideas for the regulation of circularly polarized light.
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8
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Grudinin DV, Ermolaev GA, Baranov DG, Toksumakov AN, Voronin KV, Slavich AS, Vyshnevyy AA, Mazitov AB, Kruglov IA, Ghazaryan DA, Arsenin AV, Novoselov KS, Volkov VS. Hexagonal boron nitride nanophotonics: a record-breaking material for the ultraviolet and visible spectral ranges. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023. [PMID: 37139604 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00215b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
A global trend towards miniaturization and multiwavelength performance of nanophotonic devices drives research on novel phenomena, such as bound states in the continuum and Mietronics, as well as surveys for high-refractive index and strongly anisotropic materials and metasurfaces. Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) is one of the promising materials for future nanophotonics owing to its inherent anisotropy and prospects of high-quality monocrystal growth with an atomically flat surface. Here, we present highly accurate optical constants of hBN in the broad wavelength range of 250-1700 nm combining imaging ellipsometry measurements, scanning near-field optical microscopy and first-principles quantum mechanical computations. hBN's high refractive index, up to 2.75 in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible range, broadband birefringence of ∼0.7, and negligible optical losses make it an outstanding material for UV and visible range photonics. Based on our measurement results, we propose and design novel optical elements: handedness-preserving mirrors and subwavelength waveguides with dimensions of 40 nm operating in the visible and UV ranges, respectively. Remarkably, our results offer a unique opportunity to bridge the size gap between photonics and electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Grudinin
- Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Dubai Investment Park 1, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - G A Ermolaev
- Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Dubai Investment Park 1, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - D G Baranov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow, 123592, Russia
| | - A N Toksumakov
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow, 123592, Russia
| | - K V Voronin
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow, 123592, Russia
| | - A S Slavich
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow, 123592, Russia
| | - A A Vyshnevyy
- Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Dubai Investment Park 1, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - A B Mazitov
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - I A Kruglov
- Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Dubai Investment Park 1, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - D A Ghazaryan
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
- Moscow Center for Advanced Studies, Kulakova str. 20, Moscow, 123592, Russia
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - A V Arsenin
- Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Dubai Investment Park 1, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
- Center for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, 0025, Armenia
| | - K S Novoselov
- National Graphene Institute (NGI), University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 03-09 EA, Singapore
- Chongqing 2D Materials Institute, 400714, Chongqing, China
| | - V S Volkov
- Emerging Technologies Research Center, XPANCEO, Dubai Investment Park 1, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
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Schäfer C, Baranov DG. Chiral Polaritonics: Analytical Solutions, Intuition, and Use. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3777-3784. [PMID: 37052302 PMCID: PMC10123817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Preferential selection of a given enantiomer over its chiral counterpart has become increasingly relevant in the advent of the next era of medical drug design. In parallel, cavity quantum electrodynamics has grown into a solid framework to control energy transfer and chemical reactivity, the latter requiring strong coupling. In this work, we derive an analytical solution to a system of many chiral emitters interacting with a chiral cavity similar to the widely used Tavis-Cummings and Hopfield models of quantum optics. We are able to estimate the discriminating strength of chiral polaritonics, discuss possible future development directions and exciting applications such as elucidating homochirality, and deliver much needed intuition to foster the newly flourishing field of chiral polaritonics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schäfer
- MC2
Department, Chalmers University of Technology, 41258 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Denis G. Baranov
- Center
for Photonics and 2D Materials, Moscow Institute
of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
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10
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Li H, Zhou H, Wei G, Xu H, Qin M, Liu J, Wu F. Photonic spin-selective perfect absorptance on planar metasurfaces driven by chiral quasi-bound states in the continuum. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:6636-6644. [PMID: 36877541 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00055a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Optical metasurfaces with high-quality-factor resonances and selective chirality simultaneously are desired for nanophotonics. Here, an all-dielectric planar chiral metasurface is theoretically proposed and numerically proved to support the astonishing symmetry-protected bound state in the continuum (BIC), due to the preserved π rotational symmetry around the z axis and up-down mirror symmetry simultaneously. Importantly, such BIC is a vortex polarization singularity enclosed by elliptical eigenstate polarizations with non-vanishing helicity, owing to the broken in-plane mirror symmetry. Under the oblique incidence, companied by the BIC transforming into a quasi-BIC (Q-BIC), the strong extrinsic chirality manifests. Assisted by the single-port critical coupling, the planar metasurface can selectively and near-perfectly absorb one circularly polarized light but non-resonantly reflect its counterparts. The circular dichroism (CD) approaching 0.812 is achieved. Intriguingly, the sign of CD (namely, the handedness of the chiral metasurface) can be flexibly manipulated only via varying the azimuthal angle of incident light, due to the periodic helicity sign flip in eigen polarizations around the BIC. Numerical results are consistent with the coupled-mode theory and multipole decomposition method. The spin-selective metasurface absorber empowered by the physics of chiral Q-BICs undoubtedly may promise various applications such as optical filters, polarization detectors, and chiral imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongju Li
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Hongmiao Zhou
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Gangao Wei
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Hangsheng Xu
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Meng Qin
- School of Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui 230009, China.
| | - Jianqiang Liu
- School of Science, Jiujiang University, Jiujiang 332005, China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou 510665, China
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11
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Zhang R, Zhang Z, Fan Y, Zhang H, Chu J. Single-Layer Transmissive Chiral Plasma Metasurface with High Circular Polarization Extinction Ratio in Visible Wavelength. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13050813. [PMID: 36903692 PMCID: PMC10005011 DOI: 10.3390/nano13050813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Chiral metamaterials are extensively applied in the fields of photoelectric detection, biomedical diagnostics and micro-nano polarization imaging. Currently, single-layer chiral metamaterials are unfortunately limited by several issues, such as a weaker circular polarization extinction ratio and circular polarization transmittance difference. To tackle these issues, a single-layer transmissive chiral plasma metasurface (SCPMs) suitable for visible wavelength is proposed in this paper. Its basic unit is composed of double orthogonal rectangular slots and a spatial π/4 inclined arrangement of the rectangular slot to constitute a chiral structure. Each rectangular slot structure has characteristics that enable the SCPMs to easily achieve a high circular polarization extinction ratio and strong circular polarization transmittance difference. Both the circular polarization extinction ratio and circular polarization transmittance difference of the SCPMs reach over 1000 and 0.28 at a wavelength of 532 nm, respectively. In addition, the SCPMs is fabricated via the thermally evaporated deposition technique and focused ion beam system. This compact structure coupled with a simple process and excellent properties enhances its applicability for the control and detection of polarization, especially during integration with linear polarizers, to achieve the fabrication of a division-of-focal-plane full-Stokes polarimeter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Ningbo Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315000, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yuanyi Fan
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jinkui Chu
- Key Laboratory for Micro/Nano Technology and System of Liaoning Province, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Ningbo Research Institute of Dalian University of Technology, Ningbo 315000, China
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12
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Observation of intrinsic chiral bound states in the continuum. Nature 2023; 613:474-478. [PMID: 36653568 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Photons with spin angular momentum possess intrinsic chirality, which underpins many phenomena including nonlinear optics1, quantum optics2, topological photonics3 and chiroptics4. Intrinsic chirality is weak in natural materials, and recent theoretical proposals5-7 aimed to enlarge circular dichroism by resonant metasurfaces supporting bound states in the continuum that enhance substantially chiral light-matter interactions. Those insightful works resort to three-dimensional sophisticated geometries, which are too challenging to be realized for optical frequencies8. Therefore, most of the experimental attempts9-11 showing strong circular dichroism rely on false/extrinsic chirality by using either oblique incidence9,10 or structural anisotropy11. Here we report on the experimental realization of true/intrinsic chiral response with resonant metasurfaces in which the engineered slant geometry breaks both in-plane and out-of-plane symmetries. Our result marks, to our knowledge, the first observation of intrinsic chiral bound states in the continuum with near-unity circular dichroism of 0.93 and a high quality factor exceeding 2,663 for visible frequencies. Our chiral metasurfaces may lead to a plethora of applications in chiral light sources and detectors, chiral sensing, valleytronics and asymmetric photocatalysis.
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13
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Cen M, Wang J, Liu J, He H, Li K, Cai W, Cao T, Liu YJ. Ultrathin Suspended Chiral Metasurfaces for Enantiodiscrimination. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2203956. [PMID: 35905504 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chiral metasurfaces can exhibit a strong circular dichroism, but it is limited by the complicated fabrication procedure and alignment errors. Here, a new type of self-aligned suspended chiral bilayer metasurface with only one-step electron beam lithography exposure is demonstrated. A significant optical chirality of 221° µm-1 can be realized using suspended metasurfaces with a thickness of 100 nm. Furthermore, this study experimentally demonstrates that such a structure is capable of label-free discrimination of the chiral molecules at zeptomole level, exhibiting a much higher sensitivity (orders of magnitude) compared to the conventional circular dichroism spectroscopy. The fundamental principles for chiral sensing using molecules-metasurfaces interactions are explored. Benefiting from the giant chiroptical response, the proposed metadevice may offer promising applications for ultrathin circular polarizers, chiral molecular detectors, and asymmetry information processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Cen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jianxun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huilin He
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wenfeng Cai
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tun Cao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, China
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yan Jun Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (Southern University of Science and Technology), Ministry of Education, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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14
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Tang H, Rosenmann D, Czaplewski DA, Yang X, Gao J. Dual-band selective circular dichroism in mid-infrared chiral metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:20063-20075. [PMID: 36221765 DOI: 10.1364/oe.457218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Most chiral metamaterials and metasurfaces are designed to operate in a single wavelength band and with a certain circular dichroism (CD) value. Here, mid-infrared chiral metasurface absorbers with selective CD in dual-wavelength bands are designed and demonstrated. The dual-band CD selectivity and tunability in the chiral metasurface absorbers are enabled by the unique design of a unit cell with two coupled rectangular bars. It is shown that the sign of CD in each wavelength band can be independently controlled and flipped by simply adjusting the geometric parameters, the width and the length, of the vertical rectangular bars. The mechanism of the dual-band CD selection in the chiral metasurface absorber is further revealed by studying the electric field and magnetic field distributions of the antibonding and bonding modes supported in the coupled bars under circularly polarized incident light. Furthermore, the chiral resonance wavelength can be continuously increased by scaling up the geometric parameters of the metasurface unit cell. The demonstrated results will contribute to the advance of future mid-infrared applications such as chiral molecular sensing, thermophotovoltaics, and optical communication.
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15
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Cao Z, Chen J, Deng S, Chen H. A physical interpretation of coupling chiral metaatoms. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3849-3857. [PMID: 35195644 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr05065f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The physical origins of chiroptical responses from artificial optically active media are significant for developing high-performance circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic techniques. Here, we present a biorthogonal approach based on temporal coupled-mode theory to unravel the underlying physics of chiral metasurfaces. Equipped with physically meaningful parameters, this approach inherits the intrinsic properties of open optical cavities, including time-reversal symmetry and non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, which are found to be in excellent agreement with numerical results. Remarkably, it identifies that the intrinsic chirality of coupled chiral nanocavities arises from (i) the asymmetric coupling between interlayer cross-polarized resonant modes and (ii) a coherent interference between doubly degenerate states. Based on this formalism, a critical coupling condition capable of achieving zero transmission for circularly polarized light is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Jianfa Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Shaozhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Huanjun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
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16
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Shen Z, Fang X, Li S, Yin W, Zhang L, Chen X. Terahertz spin-selective perfect absorption enabled by quasi-bound states in the continuum. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:505-508. [PMID: 35103660 DOI: 10.1364/ol.448624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Spin-selective absorption is broadly applicable to numerous photonic devices. Here, based on a stereoscopic full metallic resonator array, a terahertz chiral metasurface with a single-layer structure is proposed and numerically demonstrated. By employing the coupled-mode theory, we demonstrate that the chiral metasurface can near-perfectly absorb one circularly polarized wave in the quasi-bound states in the continuum-induced critical coupling region but non-resonantly reflect its counterparts. Interestingly, the linewidths and handedness of the proposed chiral metasurface can be flexibly controlled by an in-plane symmetry perturbation. Our designs might offer an alternative strategy to develop chiral metasurfaces apart from conventional methods and might stimulate many potential applications for emerging terahertz technologies.
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17
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Lawall J, Bao Y, Gorman JJ. Accurate measurement of the photonic crystal slab period using diffraction in the Littrow configuration. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:37091-37100. [PMID: 34808788 DOI: 10.1364/oe.438308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photonic crystal slab devices with subwavelength periods can be tailored to provide remarkable functionality, such as ultrahigh reflectivity in a structure only 200 nm in thickness. Accurate measurement of the characteristics of these structures is essential to compare their performance to theoretical expectations and to better understand the origin of unexpected behavior. In this work, we present a simple non-invasive method employing diffraction of a visible wavelength reference in the Littrow configuration for measuring the period of a photonic crystal slab. We have measured periods of our devices with uncertainty below 0.5 nm and expect that the uncertainty could easily be improved by an order of magnitude. In addition to facilitating development, our approach can be used to explore possible variations in the period of the photonic crystal due to its operating environment and aging.
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18
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Abstract
Active control of strong chiroptical responses in metasurfaces can offer new opportunities for optical polarization engineering. Plasmonic active chiral metasurfaces have been investigated before, but their tunable chiroptical responses is limited due to inherent loss of plasmonic resonances, thus stimulating research in low loss active dielectric chiral metasurfaces. Among diverse tuning methods, electrically tunable dielectric chiral metasurfaces are promising thanks to their potential for on-chip integration. Here, we experimentally demonstrate nano-electromechanically tunable dielectric chiral metasurfaces with reflective circular dichroism (CD). We show a difference between absolute reflection under circulary polarized incident light with orthogonal polarization of over 0.85 in simulation and over 0.45 experimentally. The devices enable continuous control of CD by induced electrostatic forces from 0.45 to 0.01 with an electrical bias of 3V. This work highlights the potential of nano-electromechanically tunable metasurfaces for scalable optical polarization modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyounghan Kwon
- T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics and Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Andrei Faraon
- T. J. Watson Laboratory of Applied Physics and Kavli Nanoscience Institute, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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19
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Bai J, Yao Y. Highly Efficient Anisotropic Chiral Plasmonic Metamaterials for Polarization Conversion and Detection. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14263-14274. [PMID: 34383483 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic chiral metamaterials have attracted broad research interest because of their potential applications in optical communication, biomedical diagnosis, polarization imaging, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. However, optical losses in plasmonic structures severely limit practical applications. Here, we present the design concept and experimental demonstration for highly efficient subwavelength-thick plasmonic chiral metamaterials with strong chirality. The proposed designs utilize plasmonic metasurfaces to control the phase and polarization of light and exploit anisotropic thin-film interference effects to enhance optical chirality while minimizing optical loss. Based on such design concepts, we demonstrated experimentally optical devices such as circular polarization filters with transmission efficiency up to 90% and extinction ratio >180, polarization converters with conversion efficiency up to 90%, as well as on-chip integrated microfilter arrays for full Stokes polarization detection with high accuracy over a broad wavelength range (3.5-5 μm). The proposed design concepts are applicable from near-infrared to Terahertz regions via structural engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Bai
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
| | - Yu Yao
- School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
- Center for Photonic Innovation, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, United States
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20
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Li J, Li J, Zheng C, Yang Y, Yue Z, Hao X, Zhao H, Li F, Tang T, Wu L, Li J, Zhang Y, Yao J. Lossless dielectric metasurface with giant intrinsic chirality for terahertz wave. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:28329-28337. [PMID: 34614966 DOI: 10.1364/oe.430033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It is difficult for single-layer metal metasurfaces to excite in-plane component of magnetic dipole moment, so achieving giant intrinsic optical chirality remains challenging. Fortunately, displacement current in dielectric metasurfaces can form the in-plane magnetic moment which is not orthogonal to the electric dipole moment and forms intrinsic chirality. Here, we show a lossless all-silicon metasurface which achieves giant intrinsic chirality in terahertz band. The leaky waveguide mode in the chiral silicon pillars simultaneously excite the in-plane electric and magnetic dipole moments, which triggers the spin-selected backward electromagnetic radiation, and then realizes the chiral response. The theoretical value of circular dichroism in the transmission spectrum reaches 69.4%, and the measured one is 43%. Based on the photoconductivity effect of the silicon metasurface, we demonstrate optical modulation of the intrinsic chirality using near-infrared continuous wave. In addition, by arranging the two kinds of meta-atoms which are enantiomers, we show the spin-dependent and tunable near-field image display. This simple-prepared all-silicon metasurface provides a new idea for the design of terahertz chiral meta-devices, and it is expected to be applied in the fields of terahertz polarization imaging or spectral detection.
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21
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Deng Y, Wang M, Zhuang Y, Liu S, Huang W, Zhao Q. Circularly polarized luminescence from organic micro-/nano-structures. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2021; 10:76. [PMID: 33840811 PMCID: PMC8039044 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-021-00516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Circularly polarized light exhibits promising applications in future displays and photonic technologies. Circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) from chiral luminophores is an ideal approach to directly generating circularly polarized light, in which the energy loss induced by the circularly polarized filters can be reduced. Among various chiral luminophores, organic micro-/nano-structures have attracted increasing attention owing to the high quantum efficiency and luminescence dissymmetry factor. Herein, the recent progress of CPL from organic micro-/nano-structures is summarized. Firstly, the design principles of CPL-active organic micro-/nano-structures are expounded from the construction of micro-/nano-structure and the introduction of chirality. Based on these design principles, several typical organic micro-/nano-structures with CPL activity are introduced in detail, including self-assembly of small molecules, self-assembly of π-conjugated polymers, and self-assembly on micro-/nanoscale architectures. Subsequently, we discuss the external stimuli that can regulate CPL performance, including solvents, pH value, metal ions, mechanical force, and temperature. We also summarize the applications of CPL-active materials in organic light-emitting diodes, optical information processing, and chemical and biological sensing. Finally, the current challenges and prospects in this emerging field are presented. It is expected that this review will provide a guide for the design of excellent CPL-active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanling Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shujuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, 710072, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Qiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center for Fabrication and Application of Special Optical Fiber Materials and Devices, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (NUPT), 9 Wenyuan Road, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Rana AS, Kim I, Ansari MA, Anwar MS, Saleem M, Tauqeer T, Danner A, Zubair M, Mehmood MQ, Rho J. Planar Achiral Metasurfaces-Induced Anomalous Chiroptical Effect of Optical Spin Isolation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:48899-48909. [PMID: 32981321 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c10006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Planar chiral structures respond differently for oppositely handed incident light, and thus can produce extraordinary chiroptical effects such as circular conversion dichroism (CCD) and asymmetric transmission (AT). Such chiroptical effects are powerful tools to realize the fundamental principle of optical spin isolation, which leads to a plethora of applications such as optical conversion diodes, chiral imaging, and sensing. Here, we demonstrate the chiroptical effects of simultaneous CCD and AT through meticulously designed single-layered achiral nanofins. Our metamolecule consists of four achiral hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) nanofins that are carefully oriented and optimized to exhibit considerable CCD and AT. The device demonstrates a circular conversion dichroism of 55% and an asymmetric transmission of 58% at a wavelength of 633 nm. Right-hand circularly polarized light (RHCP) is completely absorbed, while left-hand circularly polarized light (LHCP) is transmitted with a polarization conversion, making it a perfect circular polarization wave isolator with negligible backscattering (due to low reflectance). This unique design and its underlying working mechanism are described comprehensively with three different techniques. These methods validate the proposed design and its methodology. For practical applications such as imaging, the proposed design realizes the Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) phase, achieving a 0-2π phase coverage for transmitted circular polarization. For the proof of concept, a metahologram is designed and demonstrated by employing the achieved full-phase control. The measured response of the fabricated metadevice not only validates the CCD and AT but also exhibits a simulated polarization conversion efficiency of up to 71% and measured efficiency up to 52%, comparable to state-of-the-art metahologram demonstrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsan Sarwar Rana
- NanoTech Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Inki Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Afnan Ansari
- NanoTech Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sabieh Anwar
- Laboratory for Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Opposite Sector U, DHA Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Saleem
- Laboratory for Quantum Technologies, Department of Physics, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering (SBASSE), Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS), Opposite Sector U, DHA Lahore 54792, Pakistan
| | - Tauseef Tauqeer
- NanoTech Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Aaron Danner
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 117583 Singapore, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Zubair
- NanoTech Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim Mehmood
- NanoTech Lab, Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology University of the Punjab, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Junsuk Rho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
- National Institute of Nanomaterials Technology (NINT), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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23
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Cao Z, Gao H, Qiu M, Jin W, Deng S, Wong KY, Lei D. Chirality Transfer from Sub-Nanometer Biochemical Molecules to Sub-Micrometer Plasmonic Metastructures: Physiochemical Mechanisms, Biosensing, and Bioimaging Opportunities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907151. [PMID: 33252162 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Determining the structural chirality of biomolecules is of vital importance in bioscience and biomedicine. Conventional methods for characterizing molecular chirality, e.g., circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, require high-concentration specimens due to the weak electronic CD signals of biomolecules such as amino acids. Artificially designed chiral plasmonic metastructures exhibit strong intrinsic chirality. However, the significant size mismatch between metastructures and biomolecules makes the former unsuitable for chirality-recognition-based molecular discrimination. Fortunately, constructing metallic architectures through molecular self-assembly allows chirality transfer from sub-nanometer biomolecules to sub-micrometer, intrinsically achiral plasmonic metastructures by means of either near-field interaction or chirality inheritance, resulting in hybrid systems with CD signals orders of magnitude larger than that of pristine biomolecules. This exotic property provides a new means to determine molecular chirality at extremely low concentrations (ideally at the single-molecule level). Herein, three strategies of chirality transfer from sub-nanometer biomolecules to sub-micrometer metallic metastructures are analyzed. The physiochemical mechanisms responsible for chirality transfer are elaborated and new fascinating opportunities for employing plasmonic metastructures in chirality-based biosensing and bioimaging are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Meng Qiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shaozhi Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Kwok-Yin Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Dangyuan Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
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24
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Feis J, Beutel D, Köpfler J, Garcia-Santiago X, Rockstuhl C, Wegener M, Fernandez-Corbaton I. Helicity-Preserving Optical Cavity Modes for Enhanced Sensing of Chiral Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:033201. [PMID: 32031847 DOI: 10.1063/5.0025006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Researchers routinely sense molecules by their infrared vibrational "fingerprint" absorption resonances. In addition, the dominant handedness of chiral molecules can be detected by circular dichroism (CD), the normalized difference between their optical response to incident left- and right- handed circularly polarized light. Here, we introduce a cavity composed of two parallel arrays of helicity-preserving silicon disks that allows one to enhance the CD signal by more than 2 orders of magnitude for a given molecule concentration and given thickness of the cell containing the molecules. The underlying principle is first-order diffraction into helicity-preserving modes with large transverse momentum and long lifetimes. In sharp contrast, in a conventional Fabry-Perot cavity, each reflection flips the handedness of light, leading to large intensity enhancements inside the cavity, yet to smaller CD signals than without the cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Feis
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dominik Beutel
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Julian Köpfler
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Xavier Garcia-Santiago
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- JCMWave GmbH, 14050 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Rockstuhl
- Institute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Wegener
- Institute of Applied Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
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25
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Li Z, Xu B, Liang D, Pan A. Polarization-Dependent Optical Properties and Optoelectronic Devices of 2D Materials. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:5464258. [PMID: 33029588 PMCID: PMC7521027 DOI: 10.34133/2020/5464258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of optoelectronic devices requires breakthroughs in new material systems and novel device mechanisms, and the demand recently changes from the detection of signal intensity and responsivity to the exploration of sensitivity of polarized state information. Two-dimensional (2D) materials are a rich family exhibiting diverse physical and electronic properties for polarization device applications, including anisotropic materials, valleytronic materials, and other hybrid heterostructures. In this review, we first review the polarized-light-dependent physical mechanism in 2D materials, then present detailed descriptions in optical and optoelectronic properties, involving Raman shift, optical absorption, and light emission and functional optoelectronic devices. Finally, a comment is made on future developments and challenges. The plethora of 2D materials and their heterostructures offers the promise of polarization-dependent scientific discovery and optoelectronic device application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Li
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Boyi Xu
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Delang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
| | - Anlian Pan
- Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Physics and Technology of Hunan Province, College of Materials and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan 410082, China
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