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Feng H, Min S, Xuan S, Gan Z, Sun Z, Gao Y, Yang S, Li WD, Chen Y. Gradient nanoplasmonic imaging metasurface for rapid and label-free detection of SARS-CoV-2 sequences. Talanta 2024; 278:126533. [PMID: 39029327 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Compact and user-friendly nucleic acid biosensors play a crucial role in advancing infectious disease research, particularly for coronavirus (COVID-19). While nanophotonic metasurface sensors hold promise for high-performance sensing, they face challenges due to their complexity and bulky readout instruments. In this study, we propose a gradient nanoplasmonic imaging (GNI) metasurface that incorporates the concept of an optical potential well, enabling label-free single-step detection of SARS-CoV-2 sequences. The metasurface sensor consists of nanopillars with continuous variations, forming an optical potential well that results in a centimeter-scale dark ring. This dynamic well exhibits high sensitivity to refractive index changes, recorded by a CCD. To further enhance the visualized sensing performance, plasmonic coupling of gold nanoparticles with the gold nanostructure is employed. Our metasurface-based biosensor achieves rapid single-step detection of SARS-CoV-2 sequences, with a low detection limit of 77.2 pM and a detection range of 0.1-100 nM. This biosensor not only demonstrates exceptional reproducibility and outstanding detection performance, but also maintains remarkable specificity in differentiating SARS-CoV-2 from other diseases with similar symptoms. This simple and spectrometer-free refractometric sensing scheme enables the construction of a compact and cost-efficient prototype. Our imaging-based metasurface biosensing strategy demonstrates valuable merits for rapid, sensitive, and quantitative detection, showcasing its potential as a valuable on-site nucleic acid diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China; Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Siyi Min
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Shuguang Xuan
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhuofei Gan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Zhao Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Wen-Di Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Zhang Y, Yang Y. Surface acoustic wave digital microfluidics with surface wettability gradient. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3226-3232. [PMID: 38780220 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00203b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This paper reports a digital microfluidic technology that combines surface wettability gradient and surface acoustic waves. The technology enables selection of the driven object, facilitating reactions among multiple droplets and improving the precision of droplet control. Octagonal patterns with a wetting gradient and orthogonally distributed interdigital transducers were created on the surface of a LiNbO3 wafer by photolithography. Leveraging the propagation characteristics of surface acoustic waves on different wetting models, the latter serve as a switch for microfluidic motion, successfully achieving selection of the driven object and demonstrating sequential reactions among multiple droplets. Also, under the excitation of standing surface acoustic waves, droplets on the wetting gradient surface move slightly in the direction of wetting gradient descent, significantly enhancing the positional accuracy of the droplets to the micrometer level. With the advantages of surface acoustic wave digital microfluidics, this technology addresses the challenges of multi-droplet digital manipulation and improved droplet positional accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodong Zhang
- College of Aerospace Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P.R. China.
| | - Ying Yang
- College of Aerospace Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, P.R. China.
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Ali MS, Cui J. Geometrically Amplified Wetting of Silver Nanosolder on a Rough Diamond Surface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9371-9379. [PMID: 38214215 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The wetting behavior of silver at the nanoscale on a textured diamond substrate is not absolutely roughness-dependent in printing diamond chips, tough bioimplant coating, and joining for cutting tool industries. This study uses a molecular dynamics simulation to capture the stochastic wetting behavior toward precision for given geometries. It is deduced that the metalophilic character of molten silver is increased with an increase in roughness on sinusoidal contoured diamond substrates rather than orthogonal pillars of the same roughness until an equilibration time of 210 ps at a temperature of 950 K. Increasing the roughness after the equilibrium time causes a supermetalophilic angle of 13° for the sinusoid at 500 ps, and the orthogonal design causes the Wenzel state. Therefore, wetting states are metastable and ultimately depend upon the wetting time and geometry rather than the roughness only. A high joining strength creates a long-lasting coating, owing to the high surface energy of the textured surface. This study presents effective thin seam development in the least possible time of 230 ps and silver consumption at the nanoscale for supermetalophilic and metalophobic coatings in electronic packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saad Ali
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlei Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Robots, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, People's Republic of China
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Song J, Liu B, Shan X, Wang F, Zhong X. Multi-functional dual-path self-aligned polarization interference lithography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:17629-17644. [PMID: 37381492 DOI: 10.1364/oe.489049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Manufacturing sharp features is one of the most desired requirements for lithography. Here, we demonstrate a dual-path self-aligned polarization interference lithography (Dp-SAP IL) for fabricating periodic nanostructures, featuring high-steepness and high-uniformization. Meanwhile, it can manufacture quasicrystals with adjustable rotation symmetry. We reveal the change of the non-orthogonality degree under different polarization states and incident angles. We find that incident light's transverse electric (TE) wave results in high interference contrast at arbitrary incident angles, with a minimum contrast of 0.9328, that is, realizing the self-alignment of the polarization state of incident light and reflected light. We experimentally demonstrate this approach by fabricating a series of diffraction gratings with periods ranging from 238.3 nm to 851.6 nm. The steepness of each grating is greater than 85 degrees. Different from the traditional interference lithography system, Dp-SAP IL realizes a structure color using two mutually perpendicular and non-interference paths. One path is for the photolithography of patterns onto the sample, and the other path is for generating nanostructures on the patterns. Our technique showcases the feasibility of obtaining high contrast interference fringes by simply tuning the polarization, with the potential for cost-effective manufacturing of nanostructures such as quasicrystals and structure color.
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Pragya A, Ghosh TK. Soft Functionally Gradient Materials and Structures - Natural and Manmade: A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300912. [PMID: 37031358 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Functionally gradient materials (FGM) have gradual variations in their properties along one or more dimensions due to local compositional or structural distinctions by design. Traditionally, hard materials (e.g., metals, ceramics) are used to design and fabricate FGMs; however, there is increasing interest in polymer-based soft and compliant FGMs mainly because of their potential application in the human environment. Soft FGMs are ideally suitable to manage interfacial problems in dissimilar materials used in many emerging devices and systems for human interaction, such as soft robotics and electronic textiles and beyond. Soft systems are ubiquitous in everyday lives; they are resilient and can easily deform, absorb energy, and adapt to changing environments. Here, the basic design and functional principles of biological FGMs and their manmade counterparts are discussed using representative examples. The remarkable multifunctional properties of natural FGMs resulting from their sophisticated hierarchical structures, built from a relatively limited choice of materials, offer a rich source of new design paradigms and manufacturing strategies for manmade materials and systems for emerging technological needs. Finally, the challenges and potential pathways are highlighted to leverage soft materials' facile processability and unique properties toward functional FGMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Pragya
- Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry and Science, Fiber, and Polymer Science Program, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, North Carolina State University, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Tushar K Ghosh
- Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry and Science, Fiber, and Polymer Science Program, Wilson College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, North Carolina State University, 1020 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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Yu Y, Zhang D, Nagayama G. Estimation of surface free energy at microstructured surface to investigate intermediate wetting state for partial wetting model. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:1249-1257. [PMID: 36722932 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01406h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
While partial wetting at nano-/microstructured surfaces can be described using the intermediate wetting state between the Cassie-Baxter and Wenzel states, the limitations of the partial wetting model remain unclear. In this study, we performed surface free energy analysis at a microstructured Si-water interface from both theoretical and experimental viewpoints. We experimentally measured the water contact angle on microstructured Si surfaces with square holes and compared the measured values with theoretical predictions. Furthermore, the surface free energy was analyzed using the effective wetting area estimated from the measured contact angle and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results. We verified the validity of the partial wetting model for fabricated Si surfaces with a hole aperture a less than 230 μm and a hole height h of 12 μm, and for a < 400 μm, h = 40 μm. The model was found to be applicable to microstructured Si surfaces with a/h < 10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yankun Yu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Sensui 1-1, Tobata, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
| | - Dejian Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Daxue Road 3501, Changqing, Jinan, Shandong 250316, China
| | - Gyoko Nagayama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Sensui 1-1, Tobata, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan.
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Gulfam R, Chen Y. Recent Growth of Wettability Gradient Surfaces: A Review. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9873075. [PMID: 35935132 PMCID: PMC9327586 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9873075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
This review reports the recent progress and future prospects of wettability gradient surfaces (WGSs), particularly focusing on the governing principles, fabrication methods, classification, characterization, and applications. While transforming the inherent wettability into artificial wettability via bioinspiration, topographic micro/nanostructures are produced with changed surface energy, resulting in new droplet wetting regimes and droplet dynamic regimes. WGSs have been mainly classified in dry and wet surfaces, depending on the apparent surface states. Wettability gradient has long been documented as a surface phenomenon inducing the droplet mobility in the direction of decreasing wettability. However, it is herein critically emphasized that the wettability gradient does not always result in droplet mobility. Indeed, the sticky and slippery dynamic regimes exist in WGSs, prohibiting or allowing the droplet mobility, respectively. Lastly, the stringent bottlenecks encountered by WGSs are highlighted along with solution-oriented recommendations, and furthermore, phase change materials are strongly anticipated as a new class in WGSs. In all, WGSs intend to open up new technological insights for applications, encompassing water harvesting, droplet and bubble manipulation, controllable microfluidic systems, and condensation heat transfer, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raza Gulfam
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yongping Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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Gan Z, Feng H, Chen L, Min S, Liang C, Xu M, Jiang Z, Sun Z, Sun C, Cui D, Li WD. Spatial modulation of nanopattern dimensions by combining interference lithography and grayscale-patterned secondary exposure. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:89. [PMID: 35396549 PMCID: PMC8993805 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00774-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Functional nanostructures are exploited for a variety of cutting-edge fields including plasmonics, metasurfaces, and biosensors, just to name a few. Some applications require nanostructures with uniform feature sizes while others rely on spatially varying morphologies. However, fine manipulation of the feature size over a large area remains a substantial challenge because mainstream approaches to precise nanopatterning are based on low-throughput pixel-by-pixel processing, such as those utilizing focused beams of photons, electrons, or ions. In this work, we provide a solution toward wafer-scale, arbitrary modulation of feature size distribution by introducing a lithographic portfolio combining interference lithography (IL) and grayscale-patterned secondary exposure (SE). Employed after the high-throughput IL, a SE with patterned intensity distribution spatially modulates the dimensions of photoresist nanostructures. Based on this approach, we successfully fabricated 4-inch wafer-scale nanogratings with uniform linewidths of <5% variation, using grayscale-patterned SE to compensate for the linewidth difference caused by the Gaussian distribution of the laser beams in the IL. Besides, we also demonstrated a wafer-scale structural color painting by spatially modulating the filling ratio to achieve gradient grayscale color using SE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuofei Gan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongtao Feng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liyang Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siyi Min
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chuwei Liang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Menghong Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijie Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhao Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chuying Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dehu Cui
- School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Di Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Li M, Chen Y, Luo W, Cheng X. Durable and Flexible Hydrophobic Surface with a Micropatterned Composite Metal-Polymer Structure. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5838-5845. [PMID: 33904748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic metallic surfaces have attracted much academic and industrial interest due to their promising applications in various fields. Typically, hydrophobicity in metallic materials can be realized by micro/nanostructures and chemical treatment. However, both fragile rough surfaces and low-surface-energy fluorinated silanes are prone to wear and abrasion, leading to the loss of hydrophobicity. In this experiment, we demonstrated a facile and potentially low-cost methodology to fabricate hydrophobic surfaces by integrating a mechanically durable nickel skeleton with an interconnected microwall array filled with hydrophobic poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE). The interconnected metal frames prevented the removal of the hydrophobic material by abradants, and good hydrophobicity was preserved after more than 1000 cycles of linear abrasion under a local pressure of ∼0.12 MPa. The fabricated surfaces exhibited enhanced anti-icing properties with water droplets compared to unprocessed nickel surfaces. The prepared surfaces also showed superior flexibility. No obvious fracture was observed even after 300 cycles of buckling while the hydrophobic performance was still maintained. The surfaces designed here could provide effective guidance to manufacture large-area surfaces in nickel and other metallic materials that require flexibility, hydrophobic properties, and anti-icing functions for harsh applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nanoimprint Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yulong Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nanoimprint Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenxin Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nanoimprint Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xing Cheng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Nanoimprint Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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