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Iranmanesh E, Liang Z, Li W, Liao C, Jin S, Liu C, Wang K, Zhang S, Doumanidis C, Amaratunga GAJ, Zhou H. Organic-inorganic hybrid piezotronic bipolar junction transistor for pressure sensing. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2024; 10:80. [PMID: 38911342 PMCID: PMC11189938 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-024-00699-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoTs), wearable sensors are playing an increasingly important role in daily monitoring of personal health and wellness. The signal-to-noise-ratio has become the most critical performance factor to consider. To enhance it, on the one hand, good sensing materials/devices have been employed; on the other hand, signal amplification and noise reduction circuits have been used. However, most of these devices and circuits work in an active sampling mode, requiring frequent data acquisition and hence, entailing high-power consumption. In this scenario, a flexible and wearable event-triggered sensor with embedded signal amplification without an external power supply is of great interest. Here, we report a flexible two-terminal piezotronic n-p-n bipolar junction transistor (PBJT) that acts as an autonomous and highly sensitive, current- and/or voltage-mediated pressure sensor. The PBJT is formed by two back-to-back piezotronic diodes which are defined as emitter-base and collector-base diodes. Upon force exertion on the emitter side, as a result of the piezoelectric effect, the emitter-base diode is forward biased while the collector-base diode is reverse biased. Due to the inherent BJT amplification effect, the PBJT achieves record-high sensitivities of 139.7 kPa-1 (current-based) and 88.66 kPa-1 (voltage-based) in sensing mode. The PBJT also has a fast response time of <110 ms under exertion of dynamic stimuli ranging from a flying butterfly to a gentle finger touch. Therefore, the PBJT advances the state of the art not only in terms of sensitivity but also in regard to being self-driven and autonomous, making it promising for pressure sensing and other IoT applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Iranmanesh
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of In-Memory Computing Chips, School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055 P. R. China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063 P. R. China
| | - Zihao Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of In-Memory Computing Chips, School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055 P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microelectronics Device and Integrated Technology, Institute of Microelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 P. R. China
| | - Congwei Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of In-Memory Computing Chips, School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055 P. R. China
| | - Shunyu Jin
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 23000 PR China
| | - Chuan Liu
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 132 East Waihuan Road, Guangzhou, 510006 P. R. China
| | - Shengdong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of In-Memory Computing Chips, School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055 P. R. China
| | - Charalampos Doumanidis
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063 P. R. China
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Biomedical Engineering, University of South Alabama, Shelby Hall, 3128, Mobile, AL 36688 USA
| | - Gehan A. J. Amaratunga
- Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA United Kingdom
- Zhejiang University, International Campus, Haining, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of In-Memory Computing Chips, School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, 518055 P. R. China
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Qin R, Nong J, Wang K, Liu Y, Zhou S, Hu M, Zhao H, Shan G. Recent Advances in Flexible Pressure Sensors Based on MXene Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312761. [PMID: 38380773 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In the past decade, with the rapid development of wearable electronics, medical health monitoring, the Internet of Things, and flexible intelligent robots, flexible pressure sensors have received unprecedented attention. As a very important kind of electronic component for information transmission and collection, flexible pressure sensors have gained a wide application prospect in the fields of aerospace, biomedical and health monitoring, electronic skin, and human-machine interface. In recent years, MXene has attracted extensive attention because of its unique 2D layered structure, high conductivity, rich surface terminal groups, and hydrophilicity, which has brought a new breakthrough for flexible sensing. Thus, it has become a revolutionary pressure-sensitive material with great potential. In this work, the recent advances of MXene-based flexible pressure sensors are reviewed from the aspects of sensing type, sensing mechanism, material selection, structural design, preparation strategy, and sensing application. The methods and strategies to improve the performance of MXene-based flexible pressure sensors are analyzed in details. Finally, the opportunities and challenges faced by MXene-based flexible pressure sensors are discussed. This review will bring the research and development of MXene-based flexible sensors to a new high level, promoting the wider research exploitation and practical application of MXene materials in flexible pressure sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruzhan Qin
- College of Automation, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Juan Nong
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Keqiang Wang
- College of Automation, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, 510225, China
| | - Yishen Liu
- Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Songbin Zhou
- Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Modern Control Technology, Guangzhou, 510070, China
| | - Mingjun Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Guangcun Shan
- School of Instrumentation Science and Opto-electronic Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
- College of Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 10068, China
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3
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Teng Y, Wang X, Zhang Z, Mei S, Nan X, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Xue C, Gao L, Li J. Fully printed minimum port flexible interdigital electrode sensor arrays. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7427-7436. [PMID: 38525943 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06664a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Screen-printed interdigital electrode-based flexible pressure sensor arrays play a crucial role in human-computer interaction and health monitoring due to their simplicity of fabrication. However, the long-standing challenge of how to reduce the number of electrical output ports of interdigital electrodes to facilitate integration with back-end circuits is still commonly ignored. Here, we propose a screen-printing strategy to avoid wire cross-planes for rapid fabrication of flexible pressure sensor arrays. By innovatively introducing an insulating ink to realize electrical insulation and three-dimensional interconnection of wire crossings, the improved sensor array (4 × 4) successfully reduces the number of output ports from 17 to 8. In addition, we further constructed microstructures on the laser-etched electrode surfaces and the sensitive layer, which enabled the sensor to achieve a sensitivity as high as 17 567.5 kPa-1 in the range of 0-50 kPa. Moreover, we integrated the sensors with back-end circuits for the precise detection of tactile and physiological information. This provides a reliable method for preparing high-performance flexible sensor arrays and large-scale integration of microsensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyue Teng
- School of Electronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China.
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory, of Dynamic Measurement Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Shixuan Mei
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Xueli Nan
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China.
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Xikuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory, of Dynamic Measurement Technology, School of Instrument and Electronics, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Chenyang Xue
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Libo Gao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Junyang Li
- School of Electronic Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China.
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Zhao Q, Fan L, Zhao N, He H, Zhang L, Tan Q. Synergistic advancements in high-performance flexible capacitive pressure sensors: structural modifications, AI integration, and diverse applications. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38415750 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05155b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The development of flexible pressure sensors for monitoring human motion and physiological signals has attracted extensive scientific research. However, achieving low monitoring limits, a wide detection range, large bending stresses, and excellent mechanical stability simultaneously remains a serious challenge. With the aim of developing a high-performance capacitive pressure sensor (CPS), this paper introduces the successful preparation of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT)/polydimethylsiloxane (S-PDMS) composite dielectric with a foam-like structure (high permittivity and low elasticity modulus) and MXene/SWNT (S-MXene) composite film electrodes with a micro-crumpled structure. The above structurally modified CPS (SMCPS) demonstrated an excellent response output during pressure loading, achieving a wide pressure detection range (up to 700 kPa), a low detection limit (16.55 Pa), fast response/recovery characteristics (48/60 ms), enhanced sensitivity across a wide pressure range, long-term stability under repeated heavy loading and unloading (40 kPa, >2000 cycles), and reliable performance under various temperature and humidity conditions. The SMCPS demonstrated a precise and stable capacitive response in monitoring subtle physiological signals and detecting motion, owing to its unique electrode structure. The flexible device was integrated with an Internet of Things module to create a smart glove system that enables real-time tracking of dynamic gestures. This system demonstrates exceptional performance in gesture recognition and prediction with artificial intelligence analysis, highlighting the potential of the SMCPS in human-machine interface applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China
| | - Lei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Micro/Nano Fabrication, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Haoyun He
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China
| | - Qiulin Tan
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science & Dynamic Measurement, Ministry of Education, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China.
- Science and Technology on Electronic Test and Measurement Laboratory, North University of China, Tai Yuan 030051, China
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5
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Lv L, Liu T, Jiang T, Li J, Zhang J, Zhou Q, Dhakal R, Li X, Li Y, Yao Z. A highly sensitive flexible capacitive pressure sensor with hierarchical pyramid micro-structured PDMS-based dielectric layer for health monitoring. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1303142. [PMID: 38026884 PMCID: PMC10665575 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1303142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, a flexible pressure sensor with high sensitivity was created using a dielectric layer featuring a hierarchical pyramid microstructure, both in simulation and fabrication. The capacitive pressure sensor comprises a hierarchically arranged dielectric layer made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with pyramid microstructures, positioned between copper electrodes at the top and bottom. The achievement of superior sensing performance is highly contingent upon the thickness of the dielectric layer, as indicated by both empirical findings and finite-element analysis. Specifically, the capacitive pressure sensor, featuring a dielectric layer thickness of 0.5 mm, exhibits a remarkable sensitivity of 0.77 kPa-1 within the pressure range below 1 kPa. It also demonstrates an impressive response time of 55 ms and recovery time of 42 ms, along with a low detection limit of 8 Pa. Furthermore, this sensor showcases exceptional stability and reproducibility with up to 1,000 cycles. Considering its exceptional achievements, the pressure sensor has been effectively utilized for monitoring physiological signals, sign language gestures, and vertical mechanical force exerted on objects. Additionally, a 5 × 5 sensor array was fabricated to accurately and precisely map the shape and position of objects. The pressure sensor with advanced performance shows broad potential in electronic skin applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyu Lv
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianxiang Liu
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiamin Li
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qihui Zhou
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Rajendra Dhakal
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiao Li
- Hisense Visual Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Yuanyue Li
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhao Yao
- Heart Center, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated of Qingdao University (Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital), Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- College of Electronics and Information, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Wang F, Su D, Ma K, Qin B, Li B, Li J, Zhang C, Xin Y, Huang Z, Yang W, Wang S, He X. Reliable and Scalable Piezoresistive Sensors with an MXene/MoS 2 Hierarchical Nanostructure for Health Signals Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44001-44011. [PMID: 37671797 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The increased popularity of wearable electronic devices has led to a greater need for advanced sensors. However, fabricating pressure sensors that are flexible, highly sensitive, robust, and compatible with large-scale fabrication technology is challenging. This work investigates a piezoresistive sensor constructed from an MXene/MoS2 hierarchical nanostructure, which is obtained through an easy and inexpensive fabrication process. The sensor exhibits a high sensitivity of 0.42 kPa-1 (0-1.5 kPa), rapid response (∼36 ms), and remarkable mechanical durability (∼10,000 cycles at 13 kPa). The sensor has been demonstrated to be successful in detecting human motion, speech recognition, and physiological signals, particularly in analyzing human pulse. These data can be used to alert and identify irregularities in human health. Additionally, the sensing units are able to construct sensor arrays of various sizes and configurations, enabling pressure distribution imaging in a variety of application scenarios. This research proposes a cost-effective and scalable approach to fabricating piezoresistive sensors and sensor arrays, which can be utilized for monitoring human health and for use in human-machine interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengming Wang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Daojian Su
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Ke Ma
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Bolong Qin
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Baijun Li
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Junxian Li
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Yue Xin
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Zundi Huang
- School of Rail Transportation, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Yang
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
| | - Shuangpeng Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Xin He
- School of Applied Physics and Materials, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, P.R. China
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Choi HJ, Ahn J, Jung BK, Choi YK, Park T, Bang J, Park J, Yang Y, Son G, Oh SJ. Highly Conductive and Sensitive Wearable Strain Sensors with Metal/Nanoparticle Double Layer for Noninterference Voice Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:42836-42844. [PMID: 37665133 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Human voice recognition via skin-attachable devices has significant potential for gathering important physiological information from acoustic data without background noise interference. In this study, a highly sensitive and conductive wearable crack-based strain sensor was developed for voice-recognition systems. The sensor was fabricated using a double-layer structure of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) and Ag metal on a biocompatible polydimethylsiloxane substrate. The top metal layer acts as a conducting active layer, whereas the bottom Ag NP layer induces channel cracks in the upper layer, effectively hindering current flow. Subsequently, the double-layer film exhibits a low electrical resistance value (<5 × 10-5 Ω cm), ultrahigh sensitivity (gauge factor = 1870), and a fast response/recovery time (252/168 μs). A sound wave was detected at a high frequency of 15 kHz with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over 40 dB. The sensor exhibited excellent anti-interference characteristics and effectively differentiated between different voice qualities (modal, pressed, and breathy), with a systematic analysis revealing successful detection of the laryngeal state and glottal source. This ultrasensitive wearable sensor has potential applications in various physiological signal measurement methods, personalized healthcare systems, and ubiquitous computing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung Jin Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyuk Ahn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ku Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyun Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsung Bang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeok Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonji Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gayeon Son
- Department of English Language and Industry, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Soong Ju Oh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Ye Y, Yu L, Lizundia E, Zhu Y, Chen C, Jiang F. Cellulose-Based Ionic Conductor: An Emerging Material toward Sustainable Devices. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9204-9264. [PMID: 37419504 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Ionic conductors (ICs) find widespread applications across different fields, such as smart electronic, ionotronic, sensor, biomedical, and energy harvesting/storage devices, and largely determine the function and performance of these devices. In the pursuit of developing ICs required for better performing and sustainable devices, cellulose appears as an attractive and promising building block due to its high abundance, renewability, striking mechanical strength, and other functional features. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary regarding ICs fabricated from cellulose and cellulose-derived materials in terms of fundamental structural features of cellulose, the materials design and fabrication techniques for engineering, main properties and characterization, and diverse applications. Next, the potential of cellulose-based ICs to relieve the increasing concern about electronic waste within the frame of circularity and environmental sustainability and the future directions to be explored for advancing this field are discussed. Overall, we hope this review can provide a comprehensive summary and unique perspectives on the design and application of advanced cellulose-based ICs and thereby encourage the utilization of cellulosic materials toward sustainable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Ye
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Lab, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Bioproducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Le Yu
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- Life Cycle Thinking Group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao 48013, Spain
- BCMaterials Lab, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, Leioa 48940, Spain
| | - Yeling Zhu
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Lab, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Bioproducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Chaoji Chen
- School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Biomass-Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology Key Laboratory, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Sustainable Functional Biomaterials Lab, Department of Wood Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Bioproducts Institute, The University of British Columbia, 2385 East Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Nan X, Xu Z, Cao X, Hao J, Wang X, Duan Q, Wu G, Hu L, Zhao Y, Yang Z, Gao L. A Review of Epidermal Flexible Pressure Sensing Arrays. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:656. [PMID: 37367021 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, flexible pressure sensing arrays applied in medical monitoring, human-machine interaction, and the Internet of Things have received a lot of attention for their excellent performance. Epidermal sensing arrays can enable the sensing of physiological information, pressure, and other information such as haptics, providing new avenues for the development of wearable devices. This paper reviews the recent research progress on epidermal flexible pressure sensing arrays. Firstly, the fantastic performance materials currently used to prepare flexible pressure sensing arrays are outlined in terms of substrate layer, electrode layer, and sensitive layer. In addition, the general fabrication processes of the materials are summarized, including three-dimensional (3D) printing, screen printing, and laser engraving. Subsequently, the electrode layer structures and sensitive layer microstructures used to further improve the performance design of sensing arrays are discussed based on the limitations of the materials. Furthermore, we present recent advances in the application of fantastic-performance epidermal flexible pressure sensing arrays and their integration with back-end circuits. Finally, the potential challenges and development prospects of flexible pressure sensing arrays are discussed in a comprehensive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Nan
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Zhikuan Xu
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xinxin Cao
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Jinjin Hao
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Qikai Duan
- School of Automation and Software Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Guirong Wu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Liangwei Hu
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Yunlong Zhao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Discipline of Intelligent Instrument and Equipment, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Zekun Yang
- Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
| | - Libo Gao
- Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
- Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM), Xiamen 361005, China
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10
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Lian JJ, Guo WT, Sun QJ. Emerging Functional Polymer Composites for Tactile Sensing. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4310. [PMID: 37374494 DOI: 10.3390/ma16124310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, extensive research has been conducted on the development of high-performance flexible tactile sensors, pursuing the next generation of highly intelligent electronics with diverse potential applications in self-powered wearable sensors, human-machine interactions, electronic skin, and soft robotics. Among the most promising materials that have emerged in this context are functional polymer composites (FPCs), which exhibit exceptional mechanical and electrical properties, enabling them to be excellent candidates for tactile sensors. Herein, this review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in FPCs-based tactile sensors, including the fundamental principle, the necessary property parameter, the unique device structure, and the fabrication process of different types of tactile sensors. Examples of FPCs are elaborated with a focus on miniaturization, self-healing, self-cleaning, integration, biodegradation, and neural control. Furthermore, the applications of FPC-based tactile sensors in tactile perception, human-machine interaction, and healthcare are further described. Finally, the existing limitations and technical challenges for FPCs-based tactile sensors are briefly discussed, offering potential avenues for the development of electronic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jin Lian
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wen-Tao Guo
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi-Jun Sun
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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11
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Cho C, Kim D, Lee C, Oh JH. Ultrasensitive Ionic Liquid Polymer Composites with a Convex and Wrinkled Microstructure and Their Application as Wearable Pressure Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13625-13636. [PMID: 36861378 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of pressure sensors with high sensitivity and effectiveness that exhibit linearity over a wide pressure range is crucial for wearable devices. In this study, we fabricated a novel ionic liquid (IL)/polymer composite with a convex and randomly wrinkled microstructure in a cost-effective and facile manner using an opaque glass and stretched polydimethylsiloxane template. The fabricated IL/polymer composite was used as the dielectric layer in a capacitive pressure sensor. The sensor exhibited a high linear sensitivity of 56.91 kPa-1 owing to the high interfacial capacitance formed by the electrical double layer of the IL/polymer composite over a relatively wide range (0-80 kPa). We also demonstrated the sensor performance for various applications such as a glove-attached sensor, sensor array, respiration monitoring mask, human pulse, blood pressure measurement, human motion detection, and a wide range of pressure sensing. It would be expected that the proposed pressure sensor has sufficient potential for use in wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwoo Cho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdeahak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdeahak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeeun Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdeahak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Hoon Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and BK21 FOUR ERICA-ACE Center, Hanyang University, 55 Hanyangdeahak-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15588, Republic of Korea
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12
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Xie L, Zhang Z, Wu Q, Gao Z, Mi G, Wang R, Sun HB, Zhao Y, Du Y. Intelligent wearable devices based on nanomaterials and nanostructures for healthcare. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:405-433. [PMID: 36519286 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04551f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Emerging classes of flexible electronic sensors as alternatives to conventional rigid sensors offer a powerful set of capabilities for detecting and quantifying physiological and physical signals from human skin in personal healthcare. Unfortunately, the practical applications and commercialization of flexible sensors are generally limited by certain unsatisfactory aspects of their performance, such as biocompatibility, low sensing range, power supply, or single sensory function. This review intends to provide up-to-date literature on wearable devices for smart healthcare. A systematic review is provided, from sensors based on nanomaterials and nanostructures, algorithms, to multifunctional integrated devices with stretchability, self-powered performance, and biocompatibility. Typical electromechanical sensors are investigated with a specific focus on the strategies for constructing high-performance sensors based on nanomaterials and nanostructures. Then, the review emphasizes the importance of tailoring the fabrication techniques in order to improve stretchability, biocompatibility, and self-powered performance. The construction of wearable devices with high integration, high performance, and multi-functionalization for multiparameter healthcare is discussed in depth. Integrating wearable devices with appropriate machine learning algorithms is summarized. After interpretation of the algorithms, intelligent predictions are produced to give instructions or predictions for smart implementations. It is desired that this review will offer guidance for future excellence in flexible wearable sensing technologies and provide insight into commercial wearable sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Xie
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Zelin Zhang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Qiushuo Wu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Zhuxuan Gao
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Gaotian Mi
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Renqiao Wang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Hong-Bin Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China.
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Yu Q, Zhang J. Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensor Based on a Double-Sided Microstructure Porous Dielectric Layer. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:mi14010111. [PMID: 36677172 PMCID: PMC9861874 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In the era of intelligent sensing, there is a huge demand for flexible pressure sensors. High sensitivity is the primary requirement for flexible pressure sensors, whereas pressure response range and resolution, which are also key parameters of sensors, are often ignored, resulting in limited applications of flexible pressure sensors. This paper reports a flexible capacitive pressure sensor based on a double-sided microstructure porous dielectric layer. First, a porous structure was developed in the polymer dielectric layer consisting of silicon rubber (SR)/NaCl/carbon black (CB) using the dissolution method, and then hemisphere microstructures were developed on both sides of the layer by adopting the template method. The synergistic effect of the hemispheric surface microstructure and porous internal structure improves the deformability of the dielectric layer, thus achieving high sensitivity (3.15 kPa-1), wide response range (0-200 kPa), and high resolution (i.e., the minimum pressure detected was 27 Pa). The proposed sensing unit and its array have been demonstrated to be effective in large-area pressure sensing and object recognition. The flexible capacitive pressure sensor developed in this paper is highly promising in applications of robot skin and intelligent prosthetic hands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Yu
- College of Control Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Morningcore Holding Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266400, China
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Hu H, Zhang C, Pan C, Dai H, Sun H, Pan Y, Lai X, Lyu C, Tang D, Fu J, Zhao P. Wireless Flexible Magnetic Tactile Sensor with Super-Resolution in Large-Areas. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19271-19280. [PMID: 36227202 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tactile recognition is among the basic survival skills of human beings, and advances in tactile sensor technology have been adopted in various fields, bringing benefits such as outstanding performance in manipulating objects and general human-robot interactions. However, promoting enhanced perception of the existing tactile sensors is limited by their sensor array arrangement and wire-connected design. Here we present a wireless flexible magnetic tactile sensor (FMTS) consisting of a multidirection magnetized flexible film (perception module) and a contactless Hall sensor (signal receiving module). The flexible magnetic film is composed of NdFeB microparticles and soft silicone elastomer microparticles, and it transfers the unambiguous transduction of external force position and magnitude into magnetic signals. Benefiting from the specific magnetization arrangement and clustering algorithm, only one Hall sensor is needed in FMTS to perceive the magnitude and position of the contact spot simultaneously with super-resolution (2.1 mm average error) on a large area (3600 mm2), and the effective working distance is also greatly extended (∼30 mm), allowing for the full softness and adaptability to diverse conditions. We anticipate that this design will promote the development of soft tactile sensors and their integration into human-robot interaction and humanoid robot perception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Chengqian Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- Center for X-Mechanics, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Chengfeng Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR999077, China
| | - Huangzhe Dai
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Haonan Sun
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Yifeng Pan
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Xinyi Lai
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Chenxin Lyu
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Daofan Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Jianzhong Fu
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
- The Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, College of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou310027, China
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15
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Bhargava Reddy MS, Kailasa S, Marupalli BCG, Sadasivuni KK, Aich S. A Family of 2D-MXenes: Synthesis, Properties, and Gas Sensing Applications. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2132-2163. [PMID: 35972775 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gas sensors, capable of detecting and monitoring trace amounts of gas molecules or volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are in great demand for numerous applications including diagnosing diseases through breath analysis, environmental and personal safety, food and agriculture, and other fields. The continuous emergence of new materials is one of the driving forces for the development of gas sensors. Recently, 2D materials have been gaining huge attention for gas sensing applications, owing to their superior electrical, optical, and mechanical characteristics. Especially for 2D MXenes, high specific area and their rich surface functionalities with tunable electronic structure make them compelling for sensing applications. This Review discusses the latest advancements in the 2D MXenes for gas sensing applications. It starts by briefly explaining the family of MXenes, their synthesis methods, and delamination procedures. Subsequently, it outlines the properties of MXenes. Then it describes the theoretical and experimental aspects of the MXenes-based gas sensors. Discussion is also extended to the relation between sensing performance and the structure, electronic properties, and surface chemistry. Moreover, it highlights the promising potential of these materials in the current gas sensing applications and finally it concludes with the limitations, challenges, and future prospects of 2D MXenes in gas sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sai Bhargava Reddy
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | - Saraswathi Kailasa
- Department of Physics, National Institute of Technology, Warangal, 506004, India
| | - Bharat C G Marupalli
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Shampa Aich
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, West Bengal, India
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Aksoy B, Hao Y, Grasso G, Digumarti KM, Cacucciolo V, Shea H. Shielded soft force sensors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4649. [PMID: 35945227 PMCID: PMC9363457 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Force and strain sensors made of soft materials enable robots to interact intelligently with their surroundings. Capacitive sensing is widely adopted thanks to its low power consumption, fast response, and facile fabrication. Capacitive sensors are, however, susceptible to electromagnetic interference and proximity effects and thus require electrical shielding. Shielding has not been previously implemented in soft capacitive sensors due to the parasitic capacitance between the shield and sensing electrodes, which changes when the sensor is deformed. We address this crucial challenge by patterning the central sensing elastomer layer to control its compressibility. One design uses an ultrasoft silicone foam, and the other includes microchannels filled with liquid metal and air. The force resolution is sub-mN both in normal and shear directions, yet the sensor withstands large forces (>20 N), demonstrating a wide dynamic range. Performance is unaffected by nearby high DC and AC electric fields and even electric sparks. Capacitive soft force sensors require electrical shielding from electromagnetic interference, but this shielding can mess with the effectiveness of the sensing electrodes. Here, Aksoy et al. solve this problem by patterning the central sensing elastomer layer to control its compressibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekir Aksoy
- Soft Transducers Laboratory (LMTS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Yufei Hao
- Soft Transducers Laboratory (LMTS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Grasso
- Soft Transducers Laboratory (LMTS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Krishna Manaswi Digumarti
- Soft Transducers Laboratory (LMTS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Vito Cacucciolo
- Soft Transducers Laboratory (LMTS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland
| | - Herbert Shea
- Soft Transducers Laboratory (LMTS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Neuchâtel, 2000, Switzerland.
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Xu D, Duan L, Yan S, Wang Y, Cao K, Wang W, Xu H, Wang Y, Hu L, Gao L. Monolayer MoS2-Based Flexible and Highly Sensitive Pressure Sensor with Wide Sensing Range. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13050660. [PMID: 35630127 PMCID: PMC9146476 DOI: 10.3390/mi13050660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors play an important role in flexible robotics, human-machine interaction (HMI), and human physiological information. However, most of the reported flexible pressure sensors suffer from a highly nonlinear response and a significant decrease in sensitivity at high pressures. Herein, we propose a flexible novel iontronic pressure sensor based on monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2). Based on the unique structure and the excellent mechanical properties as well as the large intercalation capacitance of MoS2, the prepared sensor holds an ultra-high sensitivity (Smax = 89.75 kPa−1) and a wide sensing range (722.2 kPa). Further, the response time and relaxation time of the flexible sensor are only 3 ms, respectively, indicating that the device can respond to external pressure rapidly. In addition, it shows long-term cycling stability (over 5000 cycles with almost no degradation) at a high pressure of 138.9 kPa. Finally, it is demonstrated that the sensor can be used in physiological information monitoring and flexible robotics. It is anticipated that our prepared sensor provide a reliable approach to advance the theory and practicality of the flexible sensor electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (D.X.); (L.D.); (S.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.)
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi’an 710071, China
| | - Ling Duan
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (D.X.); (L.D.); (S.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Suyun Yan
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (D.X.); (L.D.); (S.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yong Wang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi’an 710171, China;
| | - Ke Cao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (D.X.); (L.D.); (S.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (W.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (D.X.); (L.D.); (S.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.)
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi’an 710071, China
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (W.W.); (L.G.)
| | - Hongcheng Xu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (D.X.); (L.D.); (S.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yuejiao Wang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (D.X.); (L.D.); (S.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Liangwei Hu
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China;
| | - Libo Gao
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China; (D.X.); (L.D.); (S.Y.); (H.X.); (Y.W.)
- Correspondence: (K.C.); (W.W.); (L.G.)
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18
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Chen Y, Li D, Xu Y, Ling Z, Nawaz H, Chen S, Xu F. Surface-microstructured cellulose films toward sensitive pressure sensors and efficient triboelectric nanogenerators. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:324-332. [PMID: 35339494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To achieve environmental sustainability, cellulose-based functional materials have been extensively used in advanced electronic devices, such as pressure sensor and triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). Here, we fabricate the surface-microstructured cellulose films (M-CFs) by facile regeneration and hot pressing combined with screen mesh templating. Through simple carbonization, the M-CFs are further converted into the surface-microstructured carbonized cellulose films (M-CCFs) with a good conductivity but maintain the original array concave-pits on surface. These constructed microstructures, which are tunable via controlling the screen mesh's aperture, endow the assembled electronics with adjustable and improved working performance. The pressure sensors with M-CCFs as active materials exhibit an enhanced sensitivity in a wide working range and promising potentials for applications in motions detection and healthcare. The TENGs with M-CFs as tribo-positive friction layers demonstrate higher electrical output and an efficient energy harvesting. Our work provides novel insights into the design and construction of cellulose-based functional films for eco-friendly advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglei Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Deqiang Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yanglei Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhe Ling
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Haq Nawaz
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Feng Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Zeng X, Deng HT, Wen DL, Li YY, Xu L, Zhang XS. Wearable Multi-Functional Sensing Technology for Healthcare Smart Detection. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020254. [PMID: 35208378 PMCID: PMC8874439 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, considerable research efforts have been devoted to the development of wearable multi-functional sensing technology to fulfill the requirements of healthcare smart detection, and much progress has been achieved. Due to the appealing characteristics of flexibility, stretchability and long-term stability, the sensors have been used in a wide range of applications, such as respiration monitoring, pulse wave detection, gait pattern analysis, etc. Wearable sensors based on single mechanisms are usually capable of sensing only one physiological or motion signal. In order to measure, record and analyze comprehensive physical conditions, it is indispensable to explore the wearable sensors based on hybrid mechanisms and realize the integration of multiple smart functions. Herein, we have summarized various working mechanisms (resistive, capacitive, triboelectric, piezoelectric, thermo-electric, pyroelectric) and hybrid mechanisms that are incorporated into wearable sensors. More importantly, to make wearable sensors work persistently, it is meaningful to combine flexible power units and wearable sensors and form a self-powered system. This article also emphasizes the utility of self-powered wearable sensors from the perspective of mechanisms, and gives applications. Furthermore, we discuss the emerging materials and structures that are applied to achieve high sensitivity. In the end, we present perspectives on the outlooks of wearable multi-functional sensing technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zeng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (X.Z.); (H.-T.D.); (D.-L.W.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Hai-Tao Deng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (X.Z.); (H.-T.D.); (D.-L.W.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Dan-Liang Wen
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (X.Z.); (H.-T.D.); (D.-L.W.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Yao-Yao Li
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (X.Z.); (H.-T.D.); (D.-L.W.); (Y.-Y.L.)
| | - Li Xu
- Rehabilitation Department, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (X.-S.Z.)
| | - Xiao-Sheng Zhang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China; (X.Z.); (H.-T.D.); (D.-L.W.); (Y.-Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (L.X.); (X.-S.Z.)
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