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Wang X, DeFilippis RA, Yan W, Shah NP, Li HY. Overcoming Secondary Mutations of Type II Kinase Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38837951 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Type II kinase inhibitors bind in the "DFG-out" kinase conformation and are generally considered to be more potent and selective than type I inhibitors, which target a DFG-in conformation. Nine type II inhibitors are currently clinically approved, with more undergoing clinical development. Resistance-conferring secondary mutations emerged with the first series of type II inhibitors, most commonly at residues within the kinase activation loop and at the "gatekeeper" position. Recently, new inhibitors have been developed to overcome such mutations; however, mutations activating other pathways (and/or other targets) have subsequently emerged on occasion. Here, we systematically summarize the secondary mutations that confer resistance to type II inhibitors, the structural basis for resistance, newer inhibitors designed to overcome resistance, as well as the challenges and opportunities for the development of new inhibitors to overcome secondary kinase domain mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
| | - Rosa Anna DeFilippis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
| | - Neil P Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, United States
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2
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Wang X, DeFilippis RA, Leung YK, Shah NP, Li HY. N-(3-Methoxyphenyl)-6-(7-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-amine is an inhibitor of the FLT3-ITD and BCR-ABL pathways, and potently inhibits FLT3-ITD/D835Y and FLT3-ITD/F691L secondary mutants. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:106966. [PMID: 37995643 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Activating mutations within FLT3 make up 30 % of all newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases, with the most common mutation being an internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) in the juxtamembrane region (25 %). Currently, two generations of FLT3 kinase inhibitors have been developed, with three inhibitors clinically approved. However, treatment of FLT3-ITD mutated AML is limited due to the emergence of secondary clinical resistance, caused by multiple mechanism including on-target FLT3 secondary mutations - FLT3-ITD/D835Y and FLT3-ITD/F691L being the most common, as well as the off-target activation of alternative pathways including the BCR-ABL pathway. Through the screening of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives, N-(3-methoxyphenyl)-6-(7-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)pyridin-2-amine (compound 1) was identified as an inhibitor of both the FLT3-ITD and BCR-ABL pathways. Compound 1 potently inhibits clinically related leukemia cell lines driven by FLT3-ITD, FLT3-ITD/D835Y, FLT3-ITD/F691L, or BCR-ABL. Studies indicate that it mediates proapoptotic effects on cells by inhibiting FLT3 and BCR-ABL pathways, and other possible targets. Compound 1 is more potent against FLT3-ITD than BCR-ABL, and it may have other possible targets; however, compound 1 is first step for further optimization for the development of a balanced FLT3-ITD/BCR-ABL dual inhibitor for the treatment of relapsed FLT3-ITD mutated AML with multiple secondary clinical resistant subtypes such as FLT3-ITD/D835Y, FLT3-ITD/F691L, and cells co-expressing FLT3-ITD and BCR-ABL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuqi Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Rosa Anna DeFilippis
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuet-Kin Leung
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Neil P Shah
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hong-Yu Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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3
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Rivera D, Cui W, Gao J, Peker D, Zhang QY, Dewar R, Qiu L, Konoplev S, Hu Z, Sasaki K, Hu AY, E S, Liu M, Fang H, Wang W, Tang G, Apperley JF, Hochhaus A, Cortes JE, Khoury JD, Medeiros LJ, Jabbour E, Hu S. Aleukemic Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Without Neutrophilia and Thrombocytosis: A Report From the BCR::ABL1 Pathology Group. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100406. [PMID: 38104892 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by leukocytosis with left-shifted neutrophilia, basophilia, eosinophilia, and variable thrombocytosis. However, extremely rare cases of patients with CML without significant leukocytosis and thrombocytosis (aleukemic phase [ALP] CML, or CML-ALP) have been reported. Due to its rarity and limited awareness, there remains a significant knowledge gap concerning the pathologic diagnosis, disease progression, and optimal patient management and outcomes. In this multi-institutional study, we investigated 31 patients with CML-ALP. Over half (54.8%) of patients had a history of or concurrent hematopoietic or nonhematopoietic malignancies. At time of diagnosis of CML-ALP, approximately 26.7% of patients exhibited neutrophilia, 56.7% had basophilia, and 13.3% showed eosinophilia. The median number of metaphases positive for t(9;22)(q34;q11.2) was 15, with a median of 38.5% of interphase nuclei positive for BCR::ABL1 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The median BCR::ABL1 level was 26.14%. Remarkably, 14 (45.2%) patients were initially misdiagnosed or not diagnosed before karyotype or fluorescence in situ hybridization information for BCR::ABL1 became available. Twenty-five patients received tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). One patient developed blast crisis while on TKI treatment 8 months after initial diagnosis. With a median follow-up time of 46.1 months, 20 of 22 patients who received TKI therapy and had detailed follow-up information achieved complete cytogenetic remission or deeper, 15 achieved major molecular remission or deeper, and 10 achieved molecularly undetectable leukemia. In conclusion, given the frequent occurrence of prior or concurrent malignancies, aleukemic presentation, and low level of t(9;22)(q34;q11.2)/BCR::ABL1, misdiagnosis or delayed diagnosis is common among these patients. While these patients generally respond well to TKIs, rare patients may develop blastic transformation. It is therefore important for pathologists and hematologists to be aware of this highly unusual presentation of CML to ensure timely diagnosis and appropriate management.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Leukocytosis
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Thrombocytosis/genetics
- Eosinophilia
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Rivera
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Juehua Gao
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Deniz Peker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Qian-Yun Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | | | - Lianqun Qiu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | | | - Zhihong Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Koji Sasaki
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Shuyu E
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Meng Liu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hong Fang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jane F Apperley
- Centre for Haematology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas Hochhaus
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Jorge E Cortes
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Joseph D Khoury
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elias Jabbour
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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4
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Boucher L, Sorel N, Desterke C, Chollet M, Rozalska L, Gallego Hernanz MP, Cayssials E, Raimbault A, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Turhan AG, Chomel JC. Deciphering Potential Molecular Signatures to Differentiate Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) with BCR::ABL1 from Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) in Blast Crisis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15441. [PMID: 37895120 PMCID: PMC10607477 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with BCR::ABL1 has recently been recognized as a distinct subtype in international classifications. Distinguishing it from myeloid blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia (BC-CML) without evidence of a chronic phase (CP), remains challenging. We aimed to better characterize this entity by integrating clonal architecture analysis, mutational landscape assessment, and gene expression profiling. We analyzed a large retrospective cohort study including CML and AML patients. Two AML patients harboring a BCR::ABL1 fusion were included in the study. We identified BCR::ABL1 fusion as a primary event in one patient and a secondary one in the other. AML-specific variants were identified in both. Real-time RT-PCR experiments demonstrated that CD25 mRNA is overexpressed in advanced-phase CML compared to AML. Unsupervised principal component analysis showed that AML harboring a BCR::ABL1 fusion was clustered within AML. An AML vs. myeloid BC-CML differential expression signature was highlighted, and while ID4 (inhibitor of DNA binding 4) mRNA appears undetectable in most myeloid BC-CML samples, low levels are detected in AML samples. Therefore, CD25 and ID4 mRNA expression might differentiate AML with BCR::ABL1 from BC-CML and assign it to the AML group. A method for identifying this new WHO entity is then proposed. Finally, the hypothesis of AML with BCR::ABL1 arising from driver mutations on a BCR::ABL1 background behaving as a clonal hematopoiesis mutation is discussed. Validation of our data in larger cohorts and basic research are needed to better understand the molecular and cellular aspects of AML with a BCR::ABL1 entity.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Blast Crisis/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/genetics
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/genetics
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- RNA, Messenger
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Boucher
- CHU de Poitiers, Service de Cancérologie Biologique, F86000 Poitiers, France; (L.B.); (N.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Nathalie Sorel
- CHU de Poitiers, Service de Cancérologie Biologique, F86000 Poitiers, France; (L.B.); (N.S.); (A.R.)
| | - Christophe Desterke
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Saclay, F94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (C.D.); (A.B.-G.); (A.G.T.)
| | - Mélanie Chollet
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d’Hématologie Biologique, F86000 Poitiers, France; (M.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Laura Rozalska
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d’Hématologie Biologique, F86000 Poitiers, France; (M.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Maria Pilar Gallego Hernanz
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d’Oncologie Hématologique et Thérapie Cellulaire, F86000 Poitiers, France; (M.P.G.H.); (E.C.)
- INSERM, CIC-P 1402, F86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Emilie Cayssials
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d’Oncologie Hématologique et Thérapie Cellulaire, F86000 Poitiers, France; (M.P.G.H.); (E.C.)
- INSERM, CIC-P 1402, F86000 Poitiers, France
| | - Anna Raimbault
- CHU de Poitiers, Service de Cancérologie Biologique, F86000 Poitiers, France; (L.B.); (N.S.); (A.R.)
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d’Hématologie Biologique, F86000 Poitiers, France; (M.C.); (L.R.)
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Saclay, F94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (C.D.); (A.B.-G.); (A.G.T.)
- INSERM U1310, F94807 Villejuif, France
- INGESTEM-ESTeam Paris Sud, F94800 Villejuif, France
- Service d’Onco-Hématologie, Hôpital Paul Brousse, AP-HP Université Paris Saclay, F94804 Villejuif, France
- Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP Université Paris Saclay, F94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ali G. Turhan
- Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris Saclay, F94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; (C.D.); (A.B.-G.); (A.G.T.)
- INSERM U1310, F94807 Villejuif, France
- INGESTEM-ESTeam Paris Sud, F94800 Villejuif, France
- Service d’Onco-Hématologie, Hôpital Paul Brousse, AP-HP Université Paris Saclay, F94804 Villejuif, France
- Service d’Hématologie, Hôpital Bicêtre, AP-HP Université Paris Saclay, F94270 Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Jean-Claude Chomel
- CHU de Poitiers, Service de Cancérologie Biologique, F86000 Poitiers, France; (L.B.); (N.S.); (A.R.)
- INSERM U1310, F94807 Villejuif, France
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5
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Park B, Kim J, Kim M, Cho YU, Hwang SH, Jang S, Seo EJ, Choi EJ, Park CJ. Emergence of a BCR::ABL1 rearrangement following a uniquely complex clonal evolution pattern in a patient undergoing Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 inhibitor therapy for acute myeloid leukemia. Int J Lab Hematol 2023; 45:e24-e27. [PMID: 36180046 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bosung Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Miyoung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Uk Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Hwang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongsoo Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eul-Ju Seo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Choi
- Department of Hematology, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan-Jeoung Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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6
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Secondary chronic myeloid leukemia in a patient with CALR and ASXL1-mutated primary myelofibrosis. Int J Hematol 2022; 116:442-445. [DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Leahy AB, Devine KJ, Li Y, Liu H, Myers R, DiNofia A, Wray L, Rheingold SR, Callahan C, Baniewicz D, Patino M, Newman H, Hunger SP, Grupp SA, Barrett DM, Maude SL. Impact of high-risk cytogenetics on outcomes for children and young adults receiving CD19-directed CAR T-cell therapy. Blood 2022; 139:2173-2185. [PMID: 34871373 PMCID: PMC8990372 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021012727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy can induce durable remissions of relapsed/refractory B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). However, case reports suggested differential outcomes mediated by leukemia cytogenetics. We identified children and young adults with relapsed/refractory CD19+ ALL/lymphoblastic lymphoma treated on 5 CD19-directed CAR T-cell (CTL019 or humanized CART19) clinical trials or with commercial tisagenlecleucel from April 2012 to April 2019. Patients were hierarchically categorized according to leukemia cytogenetics: High-risk lesions were defined as KMT2A (MLL) rearrangements, Philadelphia chromosome (Ph+), Ph-like, hypodiploidy, or TCF3/HLF; favorable as hyperdiploidy or ETV6/RUNX1; and intermediate as iAMP21, IKZF1 deletion, or TCF3/PBX1. Of 231 patients aged 1 to 29, 74 (32%) were categorized as high risk, 28 (12%) as intermediate, 43 (19%) as favorable, and 86 (37%) as uninformative. Overall complete remission rate was 94%, with no difference between strata. There was no difference in relapse-free survival (RFS; P = .8112), with 2-year RFS for the high-risk group of 63% (95% confidence interval [CI], 52-77). There was similarly no difference seen in overall survival (OS) (P = .5488), with 2-year OS for the high-risk group of 70% (95% CI, 60-82). For patients with KMT2A-rearranged infant ALL (n = 13), 2-year RFS was 67% (95% CI, 45-99), and OS was 62% (95% CI, 40-95), with multivariable analysis demonstrating no increased risk of relapse (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.21-2.90; P = .7040) but a higher proportion of relapses associated with myeloid lineage switch and a 3.6-fold increased risk of all-cause death (95% CI, 1.04-12.75; P = .0434). CTL019/huCART19/tisagenlecleucel are effective at achieving durable remissions across cytogenetic categories. Relapsed/refractory patients with high-risk cytogenetics, including KMT2A-rearranged infant ALL, demonstrated high RFS and OS probabilities at 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Barz Leahy
- Division of Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Penn Center for Cancer Care Innovation, Perelman Center for Advanced Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kaitlin J Devine
- Division of Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yimei Li
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Hongyan Liu
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | - Regina Myers
- Division of Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Amanda DiNofia
- Division of Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Lisa Wray
- Division of Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Susan R Rheingold
- Division of Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Colleen Callahan
- Division of Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Diane Baniewicz
- Division of Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Maria Patino
- Division of Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Haley Newman
- Division of Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephen P Hunger
- Division of Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Stephan A Grupp
- Division of Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David M Barrett
- Division of Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Shannon L Maude
- Division of Oncology and Cancer Immunotherapy Program, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
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8
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Ramkissoon LA, Buhlinger K, Nichols A, Coombs CC, Foster MC, Galeotti J, Kaiser-Rogers K, Richardson DR, Montgomery ND, Zeidner JF. Clonal evolution of Philadelphia chromosome in acute myeloid leukemia after enasidenib treatment. Leuk Lymphoma 2021; 62:3035-3038. [PMID: 34151687 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2021.1941928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lori A Ramkissoon
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Buhlinger
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Angela Nichols
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Catherine C Coombs
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matthew C Foster
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan Galeotti
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathleen Kaiser-Rogers
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Daniel R Richardson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nathan D Montgomery
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joshua F Zeidner
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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9
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Adrianzen-Herrera D, Jordan-Bruno X, Devitt KA, Conant JL, Gardner JA. Acquired BCR-ABL1 fusion and IDH1 clonal evolution following BCL2 inhibitor treatment in refractory acute myeloid leukemia. Leuk Res 2020; 100:106494. [PMID: 33387682 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2020.106494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Adrianzen-Herrera
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | - Ximena Jordan-Bruno
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Katherine A Devitt
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Joanna L Conant
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Juli-Anne Gardner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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10
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Alotaibi AS, Yilmaz M, Loghavi S, DiNardo C, Borthakur G, Kadia TM, Thakral B, Pemmaraju N, Issa GC, Konopleva M, Short NJ, Patel K, Tang G, Ravandi F, Daver N. Emergence of BCR- ABL1 Fusion in AML Post-FLT3 Inhibitor-Based Therapy: A Potentially Targetable Mechanism of Resistance - A Case Series. Front Oncol 2020; 10:588876. [PMID: 33194747 PMCID: PMC7606916 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.588876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the promising result with FLT3 inhibitors in AML, the emergence of resistance poses a significant challenge, leading to a shorter response duration and inferior survival. This is frequently driven by on-target or parallel prosurvival mutations. The emergence of BCR–ABL1 as a mechanism of possible clonal evolution in relapsed AML has rarely been reported. Here we report our experience with three patients who had emergent BCR–ABL1 fusion at relapse after FLT3 inhibitors–based therapies. The first patient was refractory to multiple lines of therapies, including FLT3 inhibitors–based therapy. Patients 2 and 3 showed some response to combined FLT3-inhibitor and BCR–ABL targeted therapy (gilteritinib and ponatinib). The availability of effective targeted therapies for BCR–ABL1 makes this an important aberration to proactively identify and possibly target at relapse post–FLT3-inhibitor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad S Alotaibi
- The Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Musa Yilmaz
- The Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sanam Loghavi
- The Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Courtney DiNardo
- The Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- The Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Tapan M Kadia
- The Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Beenu Thakral
- The Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Naveen Pemmaraju
- The Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ghayas C Issa
- The Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Marina Konopleva
- The Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Nicholas J Short
- The Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Keyur Patel
- The Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Guilin Tang
- The Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Farhad Ravandi
- The Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Naval Daver
- The Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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11
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Thakral B, Daver N, Tang Z, Patel KP, Ok CY, Loghavi S, Khoury JD, Alotaibi AS, Konopleva M, Yilmaz M, Medeiros LJ. Clonal evolution with acquisition of BCR-ABL1 in refractory acute myeloid leukemia post therapy with FLT3-inhibitor. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:3243-3246. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1797008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beenu Thakral
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Naval Daver
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zhenya Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keyur P. Patel
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chi Young Ok
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sanam Loghavi
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph D. Khoury
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Marina Konopleva
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Musa Yilmaz
- Department of Leukemia, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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12
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Gallego Hernanz MP, Sorel N, Bouyer S, Desmier D, Chollet M, Maillard N, Brizard F, Moya N, Diaz JMT, Leleu X, Chomel JC. Longitudinal clonal architecture of acute myeloid leukemia with NPM1 driver insertion, early TET2 mutations and secondary e6a2 BCR-ABL1 rearrangement. Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:1709-1713. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1728751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pilar Gallego Hernanz
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d’Oncologie Hématologique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Poitiers, France
- INSERM, CIC-P 1402, Poitiers, France
| | - Nathalie Sorel
- CHU de Poitiers, Service de Cancérologie Biologique, Poitiers, France
| | - Sabrina Bouyer
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d’Hématologie Biologique, Poitiers, France
| | - Deborah Desmier
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d’Oncologie Hématologique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Poitiers, France
- INSERM, CIC-P 1402, Poitiers, France
| | - Mélanie Chollet
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d’Hématologie Biologique, Poitiers, France
| | - Natacha Maillard
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d’Oncologie Hématologique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Poitiers, France
- INSERM, CIC-P 1402, Poitiers, France
| | | | - Niels Moya
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d’Oncologie Hématologique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Poitiers, France
- INSERM, CIC-P 1402, Poitiers, France
| | - Jose Miguel Torregrosa Diaz
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d’Oncologie Hématologique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Poitiers, France
- INSERM, CIC-P 1402, Poitiers, France
| | - Xavier Leleu
- CHU de Poitiers, Service d’Oncologie Hématologique et Thérapie Cellulaire, Poitiers, France
- INSERM, CIC-P 1402, Poitiers, France
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13
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Gong Z, Zhou T, Liu H, Tang G, Yin CC, Wang W, Medeiros LJ, Hu S. Genotype‐phenotype correlation of unusual
BCR‐ABL1
transcripts in Philadelphia chromosome‐positive leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2020; 189:e207-e211. [DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zimu Gong
- Department of Hematopathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Hematopathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Hematopathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
| | - Guilin Tang
- Department of Hematopathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
| | - C. Cameron Yin
- Department of Hematopathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematopathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
| | - L. Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Hematopathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston TX USA
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14
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Xie W, Tang G, Wang E, Kim Y, Cloe A, Shen Q, Zhou Y, Garcia-Manero G, Loghavi S, Hu AY, Wang S, Bueso-Ramos CE, Kantarjian HM, Medeiros LJ, Hu S. t(11;16)(q23;p13)/KMT2A-CREBBP in hematologic malignancies: presumptive evidence of myelodysplasia or therapy-related neoplasm? Ann Hematol 2020; 99:487-500. [PMID: 32006151 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-03909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fusion partners of KMT2A affect disease phenotype and influence the current World Health Organization classification of hematologic neoplasms. The t(11;16)(q23;p13)/KMT2A-CREBBP is considered presumptive evidence of a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and a MDS-related cytogenetic abnormality in the classification of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we report 18 cases of hematologic neoplasms with t(11;16). There were 8 males and 10 females with a median age of 51.9 years at time of detection of t(11;16). Of 17 patients with enough clinical information and pathological materials for review, 16 had a history of cytotoxic therapies for various malignancies including 12/15 patients who received topoisomerase II inhibitors, and 15 were classified as having therapy-related neoplasms. The median interval from the diagnosis of primary malignancy to the detection of t(11;16) was 23.2 months. Dysplasia, usually mild, was observed in 7/17 patients. Blasts demonstrated monocytic differentiation in 8/8 patients who developed AML at the time or following detection of t(11;16). t(11;16) was observed as the sole chromosomal abnormality in 10/18 patients. KMT2A rearrangement was confirmed in 11/11 patients. The median survival from the detection of t(11;16) was 15.4 months. In summary, t(11;16)(q23;p13) is rare and overwhelmingly associated with prior exposure of cytotoxic therapy. Instead of being considered presumptive evidence of myelodysplasia, we suggest that the detection of t(11;16) should automatically prompt a search for a history of malignancy and cytotoxic therapy so that proper risk stratification and clinical management are made accordingly. The dismal outcome of patients with t(11;16) is in keeping with that of therapy-related neoplasms.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- CREB-Binding Protein/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16/genetics
- Databases, Factual
- Female
- Hematologic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Hematologic Neoplasms/genetics
- Hematologic Neoplasms/mortality
- Histone-Lysine N-Methyltransferase/genetics
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/mortality
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/drug therapy
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/genetics
- Myelodysplastic Syndromes/mortality
- Myeloid-Lymphoid Leukemia Protein/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/drug therapy
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/genetics
- Neoplasms, Second Primary/mortality
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Risk Assessment
- Topoisomerase II Inhibitors/administration & dosage
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xie
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 0072, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Guiling Tang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 0072, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Endi Wang
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Adam Cloe
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Qi Shen
- Department of Pathology, Florida Hospital, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Sanam Loghavi
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 0072, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Aileen Y Hu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 0072, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Sa Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 0072, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Carlos E Bueso-Ramos
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 0072, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hagop M Kantarjian
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 0072, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Unit 0072, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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15
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Advanced understanding of genetic risk and metabolite signatures in construction workers via cytogenetics and metabolomics analysis. Process Biochem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2019.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep-Maria Ribera
- Clinical Hematology Department. ICO-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Josep Carreras Research Institute, Badalona, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
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17
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Zhang Y, Swoboda DM, Grover A, Nodzon L, Zhang L, Pinilla-Ibarz J. T315I-mutated myeloid sarcoma. Leuk Res Rep 2019; 12:100184. [PMID: 31485411 PMCID: PMC6715886 DOI: 10.1016/j.lrr.2019.100184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid Sarcoma (MS) is diagnosed by an extramedullary proliferation of immature granulocytic cells. Its association with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is rare. CML is characterized by BCR-ABL1 gene rearrangement and therapies with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) are very effective. However, TKI resistance may occur secondary to the development of ABL1 mutations. T315I is a common mutation that accounts for ∼20% clinical resistance to TKIs. We report the first case of a patient with T315I mutated myeloid sarcoma that occurred after complete cytogenetic response with dasatinib of a chronic phase CML. The patient was successfully treated with induction chemotherapy and ponatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Zhang
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - David M Swoboda
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Aditya Grover
- University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Lisa Nodzon
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
| | - Javier Pinilla-Ibarz
- Department of Malignant Hematology, Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 USF Magnolia Dr, Tampa, FL 33612, United States
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18
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Harris MH, Czuchlewski DR, Arber DA, Czader M. Genetic Testing in the Diagnosis and Biology of Acute Leukemia. Am J Clin Pathol 2019; 152:322-346. [PMID: 31367767 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqz093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The 2017 Workshop of the Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology examined the role of molecular genetics in the diagnosis and biology of acute leukemia. METHODS Acute leukemias were reviewed in two sessions: "Genetic Testing in Diagnosis of Acute Leukemias" (53 cases) and "Genetics Revealing the Biology of Acute Leukemias" (41 cases). RESULTS Cases included acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage. Many cases demonstrated genetic alterations of known diagnostic, prognostic, and/or therapeutic significance, while others exhibited alterations that illuminated disease biology. The workshop highlighted the complexity of acute leukemia diagnosis and follow-up, while illustrating advantages and pitfalls of molecular genetic testing. CONCLUSIONS Our understanding of the molecular genetics of acute leukemias continues to grow rapidly. Awareness of the potential complexity of genetic architecture and environment is critical and emphasizes the importance of integrating clinical information with morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian H Harris
- Department of Pathology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - David R Czuchlewski
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque
| | - Daniel A Arber
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Magdalena Czader
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis
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19
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this review, we emphasize up-to-date practical cytogenetic and molecular aspects of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and summarize current knowledge on tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance and treatment response monitoring of CML. RECENT FINDINGS The introduction of TKIs has changed the natural course of CML and markedly improved patient survival. Over the past decades, many research efforts were devoted to elucidating the leukemogenic mechanisms of BCR-ABL1 and developing novel TKIs. More recent studies have attempted to answer new questions that have emerged in the TKI era, such as the cytogenetic and molecular bases of treatment failure and disease progression, the clinical impact of genetic aberrations in Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive and Ph-negative cells, and the biological significance of Ph secondarily acquired during therapy of other hematological neoplasms. Recent progresses in the understanding of the cytogenetic and molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic failure and disease progression have improved the risk stratification of CML and will be helpful in the design of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhou
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0072, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shimin Hu
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Unit 0072, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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20
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Tang G, Hu S, Wang SA, Xie W, Lin P, Xu J, Toruner G, Zhao M, Gu J, Doty M, Li S, Medeiros LJ, Tang Z. t(3;8)(q26.2;q24) Often Leads to MECOM/MYC Rearrangement and Is Commonly Associated with Therapy-Related Myeloid Neoplasms and/or Disease Progression. J Mol Diagn 2019; 21:343-351. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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