1
|
Seol J, So R, Murai F, Matsuo T. Relationship between rest-activity rhythms and cardiorespiratory fitness in middle-aged workers: a cross-sectional study with non-parametric analysis using accelerometers worn on the thigh. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:62. [PMID: 38166824 PMCID: PMC10763488 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17580-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rest-activity rhythms are directly related to health risks, but there are limited objective methods to assess them. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between rest-activity rhythms and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in middle-aged workers. METHODS Peak oxygen uptake was measured on a treadmill to assess CRF in 254 middle-aged workers who were divided into low, medium, and high-CRF groups based on tertiles. Participants were asked to wear an accelerometer (activPAL) on their thighs for 1 week, and the logarithmically transformed acceleration data were used for the analysis of a 24-hour rest-activity rhythm. Sex, age, body mass index, occupation, smoking status, and alcohol consumption were used as covariates in Model 1, with Model 2 also including walking count on non-workdays. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to compare time course of rest-activity rhythms changes on workdays between groups, and post-hoc tests were conducted using Bonferroni's correlation. RESULTS Higher CRF correlated with increased physical activity. In model 1, higher CRF showed improved interdaily stability, but the significant difference disappeared in model 2 after adjusting for non-workday walking counts. A time-course group comparison showed that the high group had significantly higher activity levels than those of the low group from 6:00 to 8:59 and 17:00 to 17:59 and the medium group from 6:00 to 7:59 and 19:00 to 19:59. CONCLUSIONS Workers who have better rest-activity rhythms and engage in higher levels of physical activity on workdays tend to have higher CRF levels. Regular daily routines, influenced by physical activity during holidays, can positively impact cardiopulmonary endurance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehoon Seol
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan (JNIOSH), Nagao 6-21-1, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8582, Japan.
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
- R&D Center for Tailor-Made QOL, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
| | - Rina So
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan (JNIOSH), Nagao 6-21-1, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8582, Japan
- Ergonomics Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan (JNIOSH), Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Fumiko Murai
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan (JNIOSH), Nagao 6-21-1, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8582, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Matsuo
- Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan (JNIOSH), Nagao 6-21-1, Tama-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 214-8582, Japan
- Ergonomics Research Group, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Japan (JNIOSH), Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kong SDX, Gordon CJ, Hoyos CM, Wassing R, D’Rozario A, Mowszowski L, Ireland C, Palmer JR, Grunstein RR, Shine JM, McKinnon AC, Naismith SL. Heart rate variability during slow wave sleep is linked to functional connectivity in the central autonomic network. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad129. [PMID: 37234683 PMCID: PMC10208252 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced heart rate variability can be an early sign of autonomic dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and may be related to brain dysfunction in the central autonomic network. As yet, such autonomic dysfunction has not been examined during sleep-which is an ideal physiological state to study brain-heart interaction as both the central and peripheral nervous systems behave differently compared to during wakefulness. Therefore, the primary aim of the current study was to examine whether heart rate variability during nocturnal sleep, specifically slow wave (deep) sleep, is associated with central autonomic network functional connectivity in older adults 'at-risk' of dementia. Older adults (n = 78; age range = 50-88 years; 64% female) attending a memory clinic for cognitive concerns underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and an overnight polysomnography. From these, central autonomic network functional connectivity strength and heart rate variability data during sleep were derived, respectively. High-frequency heart rate variability was extracted to index parasympathetic activity during distinct periods of sleep, including slow wave sleep as well as secondary outcomes of non-rapid eye movement sleep, wake after sleep onset, and rapid eye movement sleep. General linear models were used to examine associations between central autonomic network functional connectivity and high-frequency heart rate variability. Analyses revealed that increased high-frequency heart rate variability during slow wave sleep was associated with stronger functional connectivity (F = 3.98, P = 0.022) in two core brain regions within the central autonomic network, the right anterior insular and posterior midcingulate cortex, as well as stronger functional connectivity (F = 6.21, P = 0.005) between broader central autonomic network brain regions-the right amygdala with three sub-nuclei of the thalamus. There were no significant associations between high-frequency heart rate variability and central autonomic network connectivity during wake after sleep onset or rapid eye movement sleep. These findings show that in older adults 'at-risk' of dementia, parasympathetic regulation during slow wave sleep is uniquely linked to differential functional connectivity within both core and broader central autonomic network brain regions. It is possible that dysfunctional brain-heart interactions manifest primarily during this specific period of sleep known for its role in memory and metabolic clearance. Further studies elucidating the pathophysiology and directionality of this relationship should be conducted to determine if heart rate variability drives neurodegeneration, or if brain degeneration within the central autonomic network promotes aberrant heart rate variability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn D X Kong
- Correspondence to: Shawn Dexiao KongHealthy Brain Ageing ProgramBrain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney100 Mallett St, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia E-mail:
| | - Christopher J Gordon
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Camilla M Hoyos
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Rick Wassing
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Angela D’Rozario
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
| | - Loren Mowszowski
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Catriona Ireland
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jake R Palmer
- Healthy Brain Ageing Program, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Ronald R Grunstein
- CIRUS, Centre for Sleep and Chronobiology, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Glebe, NSW 2037, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - James M Shine
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|