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Martinez B, Peplow PV. MicroRNAs as potential biomarkers for diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1957-1970. [PMID: 39101663 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-24-00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder caused by exposure to severe traumatic life events. Currently, there are no validated biomarkers or laboratory tests that can distinguish between trauma survivors with and without post-traumatic stress disorder. In addition, the heterogeneity of clinical presentations of post-traumatic stress disorder and the overlap of symptoms with other conditions can lead to misdiagnosis and inappropriate treatment. Evidence suggests that this condition is a multisystem disorder that affects many biological systems, raising the possibility that peripheral markers of disease may be used to diagnose post-traumatic stress disorder. We performed a PubMed search for microRNAs (miRNAs) in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) that could serve as diagnostic biomarkers and found 18 original research articles on studies performed with human patients and published January 2012 to December 2023. These included four studies with whole blood, seven with peripheral blood mononuclear cells, four with plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes, and one with serum exosomes. One of these studies had also used whole plasma. Two studies were excluded as they did not involve microRNA biomarkers. Most of the studies had collected samples from adult male Veterans who had returned from deployment and been exposed to combat, and only two were from recently traumatized adult subjects. In measuring miRNA expression levels, many of the studies had used microarray miRNA analysis, miRNA Seq analysis, or NanoString panels. Only six studies had used real time polymerase chain reaction assay to determine/validate miRNA expression in PTSD subjects compared to controls. The miRNAs that were found/validated in these studies may be considered as potential candidate biomarkers for PTSD and include miR-3130-5p in whole blood; miR-193a-5p, -7113-5p, -125a, -181c, and -671-5p in peripheral blood mononuclear cells; miR-10b-5p, -203a-3p, -4488, -502-3p, -874-3p, -5100, and -7641 in plasma extracellular vesicles/exosomes; and miR-18a-3p and -7-1-5p in blood plasma. Several important limitations identified in the studies need to be taken into account in future studies. Further studies are warranted with war veterans and recently traumatized children, adolescents, and adults having PTSD and use of animal models subjected to various stressors and the effects of suppressing or overexpressing specific microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Nevada-Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Philip V Peplow
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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2
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Consalvo F, Padovano M, Scopetti M, Morena D, Cipolloni L, Fineschi V, Santurro A. Analysis of miRNA Expression Profiles in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and Their Correlation with Survival and Severity of Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9539. [PMID: 39273487 PMCID: PMC11394952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25179539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of traumatic death worldwide and is a public health problem associated with high mortality and morbidity rates, with a significant socioeconomic burden. The diagnosis of brain injury may be difficult in some cases or may leave diagnostic doubts, especially in mild trauma with insignificant pathological brain changes or in cases where instrumental tests are negative. Therefore, in recent years, an important area of research has been directed towards the study of new biomarkers, such as micro-RNAs (miRNAs), which can assist clinicians in the diagnosis, staging, and prognostic evaluation of TBI, as well as forensic pathologists in the assessment of TBI and in the estimation of additional relevant data, such as survival time. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression profiles (down- and upregulation) of a panel of miRNAs in subjects deceased with TBI in order to assess, verify, and define the role played by non-coding RNA molecules in the different pathophysiological mechanisms of brain damage. This study also aims to correlate the detected expression profiles with survival time, defined as the time elapsed between the traumatic event and death, and with the severity of the trauma. This study was conducted on 40 cases of subjects deceased with TBI (study group) and 10 cases of subjects deceased suddenly from non-traumatic causes (control group). The study group was stratified according to the survival time and the severity of the trauma. The selection of miRNAs to be examined was based on a thorough literature review. Analyses were performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) brain tissue samples, with a first step of total RNA extraction and a second step of quantification of the selected miRNAs of interest. This study showed higher expression levels in cases compared to controls for miR-16, miR-21, miR-130a, and miR-155. In contrast, lower expression levels were found in cases compared to controls for miR-23a-3p. There were no statistically significant differences in the expression levels between cases and controls for miR-19a. In cases with short survival, the expression levels of miR-16-5p and miR-21-5p were significantly higher. In cases with long survival, miR-21-5p was significantly lower. The expression levels of miR-130a were significantly higher in TBI cases with short and middle survival. In relation to TBI severity, miR-16-5p and miR-21-5p expression levels were significantly higher in the critical-fatal TBI subgroup. Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the potential of the investigated miRNAs as predictive biomarkers to discriminate between TBI cases and controls. These miRNAs could improve the postmortem diagnosis of TBI and also offer the possibility to define the survival time and the severity of the trauma. The analysis of miRNAs could become a key tool in forensic investigations, providing more precise and detailed information on the nature and extent of TBI and helping to define the circumstances of death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Consalvo
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
| | - Martina Padovano
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Scopetti
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Donato Morena
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Cipolloni
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Fineschi
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Santurro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Schola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy
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Shahzad MN, Ali H. Deep learning based diagnosis of PTSD using 3D-CNN and resting-state fMRI data. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 343:111845. [PMID: 38908302 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence rate of Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is currently increasing due to wars, terrorism, and pandemic disease situations. Therefore, accurate detection of PTSD is crucial for the treatment of the patients, for this purpose, the present study aims to classify individuals with PTSD versus healthy control. METHODS The resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scans of 19 PTSD and 24 healthy control male subjects have been used to identify the activation pattern in most affected brain regions using group-level independent component analysis (ICA) and t-test. To classify PTSD-affected subjects from healthy control six machine learning techniques including random forest, Naive Bayes, support vector machine, decision tree, K-nearest neighbor, linear discriminant analysis, and deep learning three-dimensional 3D-CNN have been performed on the data and compared. RESULTS The rs-fMRI scans of the most commonly investigated 11 regions of trauma-exposed and healthy brains are analyzed to observe their level of activation. Amygdala and insula regions are determined as the most activated regions from the regions-of-interest in the brain of PTSD subjects. In addition, machine learning techniques have been applied to the components extracted from ICA but the models provided low classification accuracy. The ICA components are also fed into the 3D-CNN model, which is trained with a 5-fold cross-validation method. The 3D-CNN model demonstrated high accuracies, such as 98.12%, 98.25 %, and 98.00 % on average with training, validation, and testing datasets, respectively. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that 3D-CNN is a surpassing method than the other six considered techniques and it helps to recognize PTSD patients accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haider Ali
- Department of Statistics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
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Aljabali AAA, Alkaraki AK, Gammoh O, Tambuwala MM, Mishra V, Mishra Y, Hassan SS, El-Tanani M. Deciphering Depression: Epigenetic Mechanisms and Treatment Strategies. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:638. [PMID: 39194576 DOI: 10.3390/biology13080638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Depression, a significant mental health disorder, is under intense research scrutiny to uncover its molecular foundations. Epigenetics, which focuses on controlling gene expression without altering DNA sequences, offers promising avenues for innovative treatment. This review explores the pivotal role of epigenetics in depression, emphasizing two key aspects: (I) identifying epigenetic targets for new antidepressants and (II) using personalized medicine based on distinct epigenetic profiles, highlighting potential epigenetic focal points such as DNA methylation, histone structure alterations, and non-coding RNA molecules such as miRNAs. Variations in DNA methylation in individuals with depression provide opportunities to target genes that are associated with neuroplasticity and synaptic activity. Aberrant histone acetylation may indicate that antidepressant strategies involve enzyme modifications. Modulating miRNA levels can reshape depression-linked gene expression. The second section discusses personalized medicine based on epigenetic profiles. Analyzing these patterns could identify biomarkers associated with treatment response and susceptibility to depression, facilitating tailored treatments and proactive mental health care. Addressing ethical concerns regarding epigenetic information, such as privacy and stigmatization, is crucial in understanding the biological basis of depression. Therefore, researchers must consider these issues when examining the role of epigenetics in mental health disorders. The importance of epigenetics in depression is a critical aspect of modern medical research. These findings hold great potential for novel antidepressant medications and personalized treatments, which would significantly improve patient outcomes, and transform psychiatry. As research progresses, it is expected to uncover more complex aspects of epigenetic processes associated with depression, enhance our comprehension, and increase the effectiveness of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A A Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics & Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Almuthanna K Alkaraki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Omar Gammoh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, P.O. Box 566, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Yachana Mishra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sk Sarif Hassan
- Department of Mathematics, Pingla Thana Mahavidyalaya, Maligram, Paschim Medinipur 721140, West Bengal, India
| | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah P.O. Box 11172, United Arab Emirates
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Xu X, Liu R, Li Y, Zhang C, Guo C, Zhu J, Dong J, Ouyang L, Momeni MR. Spinal Cord Injury: From MicroRNAs to Exosomal MicroRNAs. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:5974-5991. [PMID: 38261255 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03954-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is an unfortunate experience that may generate extensive sensory and motor disabilities due to the destruction and passing of nerve cells. MicroRNAs are small RNA molecules that do not code for proteins but instead serve to regulate protein synthesis by targeting messenger RNA's expression. After SCI, secondary damage like apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and autophagy occurs, and differentially expressed microRNAs show a function in these procedures. Almost all animal and plant cells release exosomes, which are sophisticated formations of lipid membranes. These exosomes have the capacity to deliver significant materials, such as proteins, RNAs and lipids, to cells in need, regulating their functions and serving as a way of communication. This new method offers a fresh approach to treating spinal cord injury. Obviously, the exosome has the benefit of conveying the transported material across performing regulatory activities and the blood-brain barrier. Among the exosome cargoes, microRNAs, which modulate their mRNA targets, show considerable promise in the pathogenic diagnosis, process, and therapy of SCI. Herein, we describe the roles of microRNAs in SCI. Furthermore, we emphasize the importance of exosomal microRNAs in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyang Xu
- Spinal Surgery, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Ruyin Liu
- Spinal Surgery, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Yunpeng Li
- Spinal Surgery, Henan Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics and Traumatology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Chuanghao Guo
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics and Traumatology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Jiong Zhu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics and Traumatology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Jiaan Dong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Orthopedics and Traumatology, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China
| | - Liyun Ouyang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, 11700, Malaysia.
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Zheng JY, Zhu J, Wang Y, Tian ZZ. Effects of acupuncture on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: Current status and future perspectives. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 22:445-458. [PMID: 38955651 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a critical component of the neuroendocrine system, playing a central role in regulating the body's stress response and modulating various physiological processes. Dysregulation of HPA axis function disrupts the neuroendocrine equilibrium, resulting in impaired physiological functions. Acupuncture is recognized as a non-pharmacological type of therapy which has been confirmed to play an important role in modulating the HPA axis and thus favorably targets diseases with abnormal activation of the HPA axis. With numerous studies reporting the promising efficacy of acupuncture for neuroendocrine disorders, a comprehensive review in terms of the underlying molecular mechanism for acupuncture, especially in regulating the HPA axis, is currently in need. This review fills the need and summarizes recent breakthroughs, from the basic principles and the pathological changes of HPA axis dysfunction, to the molecular mechanisms by which acupuncture regulates the HPA axis. These mechanisms include the modulation of multiple neurotransmitters and their receptors, neuropeptides and their receptors, and microRNAs in the paraventricular nucleus, hippocampus, amygdala and pituitary gland, which alleviate the hyperfunctioning of the HPA axis. This review comprehensively summarizes the mechanism of acupuncture in regulating HPA axis dysfunction for the first time, providing new targets and prospects for further exploration of acupuncture. Please cite this article as: Zheng JY, Zhu J, Wang Y, Tian ZZ. Effects of acupuncture on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis: Current status and future perspectives. J Integr Med. 2024; 22(4): 446-459.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zhan-Zhuang Tian
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Institute of Acupuncture Research, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Acupuncture Mechanism and Acupoint Function, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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7
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Rai V, Mendoza-Mari Y, Radwan MM, Brazdzionis J, Connett DA, Miulli DE, Agrawal DK. Transcriptional and Translational Regulation of Differentially Expressed Genes in Yucatan Miniswine Brain Tissues following Traumatic Brain Injury. JOURNAL OF BIOINFORMATICS AND SYSTEMS BIOLOGY : OPEN ACCESS 2024; 7:81-91. [PMID: 38818113 PMCID: PMC11138201 DOI: 10.26502/jbsb.5107080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity, disability, and mortality worldwide. Motor and cognitive deficits and emotional disturbances are long-term consequences of TBI. A lack of effective treatment for TBI-induced neural damage, functional impairments, and cognitive deficits makes it challenging in the recovery following TBI. One of the reasons may be the lack of knowledge underlying the complex pathophysiology of TBI and the regulatory factors involved in the cellular and molecular mechanisms of inflammation, neural regeneration, and injury repair. These mechanisms involve a change in the expression of various proteins encoded by genes whose expression is regulated by transcription factors (TFs) at the transcriptional level and microRNA (miRs) at the mRNA level. In this pilot study, we performed the RNA sequencing of injured tissues and non-injured tissues from the brain of Yucatan miniswine and analyzed the sequencing data for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the TFs and miRs regulating the expression of DEGs using in-silico analysis. We also compared the effect of the electromagnetic field (EMF) applied to the injured miniswine on the expression profile of various DEGs. The results of this pilot study revealed a few DEGs that were significantly upregulated in the injured brain tissue and the EMF stimulation showed effect on their expression profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikrant Rai
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766, USA
| | - Yssel Mendoza-Mari
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766, USA
| | - Mohamed M Radwan
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766, USA
| | - James Brazdzionis
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766, USA
| | - David A Connett
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766, USA
| | - Dan E Miulli
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766, USA
| | - Devendra K Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona CA 91766, USA
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8
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Li S, Qiu N, Ni A, Hamblin MH, Yin KJ. Role of regulatory non-coding RNAs in traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2024; 172:105643. [PMID: 38007071 PMCID: PMC10872636 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a potentially fatal health event that cannot be predicted in advance. After TBI occurs, it can have enduring consequences within both familial and social spheres. Yet, despite extensive efforts to improve medical interventions and tailor healthcare services, TBI still remains a major contributor to global disability and mortality rates. The prompt and accurate diagnosis of TBI in clinical contexts, coupled with the implementation of effective therapeutic strategies, remains an arduous challenge. However, a deeper understanding of changes in gene expression and the underlying molecular regulatory processes may alleviate this pressing issue. In recent years, the study of regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), a diverse class of RNA molecules with regulatory functions, has been a potential game changer in TBI research. Notably, the identification of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and other ncRNAs has revealed their potential as novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for TBI, owing to their ability to regulate the expression of numerous genes. In this review, we seek to provide a comprehensive overview of the functions of regulatory ncRNAs in TBI. We also summarize regulatory ncRNAs used for treatment in animal models, as well as miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs that served as biomarkers for TBI diagnosis and prognosis. Finally, we discuss future challenges and prospects in diagnosing and treating TBI patients in the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Li
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, S514 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Na Qiu
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, S514 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Andrew Ni
- Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, 222 Richmond Street, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Milton H Hamblin
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Riverside, 1212 Webber Hall, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, S514 BST, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA; Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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Mavroudis I, Balmus IM, Ciobica A, Nicoara MN, Luca AC, Palade DO. The Role of Microglial Exosomes and miR-124-3p in Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Repair after Traumatic Brain Injury. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1924. [PMID: 37763327 PMCID: PMC10532687 DOI: 10.3390/life13091924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In this study, we aimed to explore the regulatory mechanism of miR-124-3p microglial exosomes, as they were previously reported to modulate neuroinflammation and promote neuronal repair following traumatic brain injury (TBI). (2) Methods: Studies investigating the impact of microglial exosomal miRNAs, specifically miR-124-3p, on injured neurons and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) in the context of TBI were reviewed. (3) Results: Animal models of TBI, in vitro cell culture experiments, RNA sequencing analysis, and functional assays were employed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the effects of miR-124-3p-loaded exosomes on neuroinflammation and neuronal repair. Anti-inflammatory M2 polarization of microglia, mTOR signaling suppression, and BMVECs-mediated autophagy were reported as the main processes contributing to neuroprotection, reduced blood-brain barrier leakage, and improved neurologic outcomes in animal models of TBI. (4) Conclusions: Microglial exosomes, particularly those carrying miR-124-3p, have emerged as promising candidates for therapeutic interventions in TBI. These exosomes exhibit neuroprotective effects, attenuate neuroinflammation, and promote neuronal repair and plasticity. However, further research is required to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize their delivery strategies for effective treatment in human TBI cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Mavroudis
- Department of Neurology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
- Faculty of Medicine, Leeds University, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ioana-Miruna Balmus
- Department of Exact Sciences and Natural Sciences, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Str. Alexandru Lapusneanu, no. 26, 700057 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Ciobica
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I no. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Centre of Biomedical Research, Romanian Academy, Bd. Carol I, no. 8, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Str. Splaiul Independentei no. 54, Sector 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
- Preclinical Department, Apollonia University, Păcurari Street 11, 700511 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mircea Nicusor Nicoara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I no. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
- Doctoral School of Geosciences, Faculty of Geography and Geology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Bd. Carol I no. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alina Costina Luca
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Universitatii no. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos Octavian Palade
- Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str. Universitatii no. 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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