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Liu JD, Van Treeck KE, Marston WA, Papadopoulou V, Rowe SE. Ultrasound-Mediated Antibiotic Delivery to In Vivo Biofilm Infections: A Review. Chembiochem 2024:e202400181. [PMID: 38924307 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202400181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms are a significant concern in various medical contexts due to their resilience to our immune system as well as antibiotic therapy. Biofilms often require surgical removal and frequently lead to recurrent or chronic infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improved strategies to treat biofilm infections. Ultrasound-mediated drug delivery is a technique that combines ultrasound application, often with the administration of acoustically-active agents, to enhance drug delivery to specific target tissues or cells within the body. This method involves using ultrasound waves to assist in the transportation or activation of medications, improving their penetration, distribution, and efficacy at the desired site. The advantages of ultrasound-mediated drug delivery include targeted and localized delivery, reduced systemic side effects, and improved efficacy of the drug at lower doses. This review scrutinizes recent advances in the application of ultrasound-mediated drug delivery for treating biofilm infections, focusing on in vivo studies. We examine the strengths and limitations of this technology in the context of wound infections, device-associated infections, lung infections and abscesses, and discuss current gaps in knowledge and clinical translation considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie D Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Kelly E Van Treeck
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - William A Marston
- Department of Surgery, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Virginie Papadopoulou
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of North Carolina and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah E Rowe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599, USA
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2
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Gourari-Bouzouina K, Boucherit-Otmani Z, Halla N, Seghir A, Baba Ahmed-Kazi Tani ZZ, Boucherit K. Exploring the dynamics of mixed-species biofilms involving Candida spp. and bacteria in cystic fibrosis. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:255. [PMID: 38734793 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease that results from mutations in the gene responsible for the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). The airways become clogged with thick, viscous mucus that traps microbes in respiratory tracts, facilitating colonization, inflammation and infection. CF is recognized as a biofilm-associated disease, it is commonly polymicrobial and can develop in biofilms. This review discusses Candida spp. and both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilms that affect the airways and cause pulmonary infections in the CF context, with a particular focus on mixed-species biofilms. In addition, the review explores the intricate interactions between fungal and bacterial species within these biofilms and elucidates the underlying molecular mechanisms that govern their dynamics. Moreover, the review addresses the multifaceted issue of antimicrobial resistance in the context of CF-associated biofilms. By synthesizing current knowledge and research findings, this review aims to provide insights into the pathogenesis of CF-related infections and identify potential therapeutic approaches to manage and combat these complex biofilm-mediated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Gourari-Bouzouina
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria.
| | - Zahia Boucherit-Otmani
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Noureddine Halla
- Laboratory of Biotoxicology, Pharmacognosy and Biological Recovery of Plants, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Moulay-Tahar, 20000, Saida, Algeria
| | - Abdelfettah Seghir
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Zahira Zakia Baba Ahmed-Kazi Tani
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
| | - Kebir Boucherit
- Antibiotics Antifungal Laboratory, Physical Chemistry, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tlemcen, BP 119, 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria
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3
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García-Bayona L, Said N, Coyne MJ, Flores K, Elmekki NM, Sheahan ML, Camacho AG, Hutt K, Yildiz FH, Kovács ÁT, Waldor MK, Comstock LE. A pervasive large conjugative plasmid mediates multispecies biofilm formation in the intestinal microbiota increasing resilience to perturbations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.29.590671. [PMID: 38746121 PMCID: PMC11092513 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.29.590671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Although horizontal gene transfer is pervasive in the intestinal microbiota, we understand only superficially the roles of most exchanged genes and how the mobile repertoire affects community dynamics. Similarly, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the ability of a community to recover after a perturbation. Here, we identified and functionally characterized a large conjugative plasmid that is one of the most frequently transferred elements among Bacteroidales species and is ubiquitous in diverse human populations. This plasmid encodes both an extracellular polysaccharide and fimbriae, which promote the formation of multispecies biofilms in the mammalian gut. We use a hybridization-based approach to visualize biofilms in clarified whole colon tissue with unprecedented 3D spatial resolution. These biofilms increase bacterial survival to common stressors encountered in the gut, increasing strain resiliency, and providing a rationale for the plasmid's recent spread and high worldwide prevalence.
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4
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Che J, Shi J, Fang C, Zeng X, Wu Z, Du Q, Tu M, Pan D. Elimination of Pathogen Biofilms via Postbiotics from Lactic Acid Bacteria: A Promising Method in Food and Biomedicine. Microorganisms 2024; 12:704. [PMID: 38674648 PMCID: PMC11051744 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic biofilms provide a naturally favorable barrier for microbial growth and are closely related to the virulence of pathogens. Postbiotics from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are secondary metabolites and cellular components obtained by inactivation of fermentation broth; they have a certain inhibitory effect on all stages of pathogen biofilms. Postbiotics from LAB have drawn attention because of their high stability, safety dose parameters, and long storage period, which give them a broad application prospect in the fields of food and medicine. The mechanisms of eliminating pathogen biofilms via postbiotics from LAB mainly affect the surface adhesion, self-aggregation, virulence, and QS of pathogens influencing interspecific and intraspecific communication. However, there are some factors (preparation process and lack of target) which can limit the antibiofilm impact of postbiotics. Therefore, by using a delivery carrier and optimizing process parameters, the effect of interfering factors can be eliminated. This review summarizes the concept and characteristics of postbiotics from LAB, focusing on their preparation technology and antibiofilm effect, and the applications and limitations of postbiotics in food processing and clinical treatment are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Che
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Chenguang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Qiwei Du
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Maolin Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China; (J.C.); (J.S.)
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
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5
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Tan X, Huang Y, Rana A, Singh N, Abbey TC, Chen H, Toth PT, Bulman ZP. Optimization of an in vitro Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Model to Examine Antibiotic Pharmacodynamics at the Air-Liquid Interface. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2024; 10:16. [PMID: 38429317 PMCID: PMC10907394 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-024-00483-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of lower respiratory tract infections, such as ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP). Using inhaled antibiotics to treat VABP can achieve high drug concentrations at the infection site while minimizing systemic toxicities. Despite the theoretical advantages, clinical trials have failed to show a benefit for inhaled antibiotic therapy in treating VABP. A potential reason for this discordance is the presence of biofilm-embedded bacteria in lower respiratory tract infections. Drug selection and dosing are often based on data from bacteria grown planktonically. In the present study, an in vitro air-liquid interface pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic biofilm model was optimized to evaluate the activity of simulated epithelial lining fluid exposures of inhaled and intravenous doses of polymyxin B and tobramycin against two P. aeruginosa strains. Antibiotic activity was also determined against the P. aeruginosa strains grown planktonically. Our study revealed that inhaled antibiotic exposures were more active than their intravenous counterparts across biofilm and planktonic populations. Inhaled exposures of polymyxin B and tobramycin exhibited comparable activity against planktonic P. aeruginosa. Although inhaled polymyxin B exposures were initially more active against P. aeruginosa biofilms (through 6 h), tobramycin was more active by the end of the experiment (48 h). Together, these data slightly favor the use of inhaled tobramycin for VABP caused by biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa that are not resistant to either antibiotic. The optimized in vitro air-liquid interface pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic biofilm model may be beneficial for the development of novel anti-biofilm agents or to optimize antibiotic dosing for infections such as VABP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Tan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yanqin Huang
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amisha Rana
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Taylor C Abbey
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hui Chen
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Peter T Toth
- Fluorescence Imaging Core, Research Resources Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zackery P Bulman
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Illinois Chicago College of Pharmacy, Chicago, IL, USA.
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6
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Joshi H, Kandari D, Maitra SS, Bhatnagar R, Banerjee N. Identification of genes associated with persistence in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1302883. [PMID: 38410395 PMCID: PMC10894938 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1302883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of bacterial persisters is related to their phenotypic diversity and is responsible for the relapse of chronic infections. Tolerance to antibiotic therapy is the hallmark of bacterial persistence. In this study, we have screened a transposon library of Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 strain using antibiotic tolerance, survival in mouse macrophages, and biofilm-forming ability of the mutants. Out of 10 thousand clones screened, we selected ten mutants defective in all the three phenotypes. Six mutants showed significantly lower persister abundance under different stress conditions. Insertions in three genes belonging to the pathways of oxidative phosphorylation msmeg_3233 (cydA), biotin metabolism msmeg_3194 (bioB), and oxidative metabolism msmeg_0719, a flavoprotein monooxygenase, significantly reduced the number of live cells, suggesting their role in pathways promoting long-term survival. Another group that displayed a moderate reduction in CFU included a glycosyltransferase, msmeg_0392, a hydrogenase subunit, msmeg_2263 (hybC), and a DNA binding protein, msmeg_2211. The study has revealed potential candidates likely to facilitate the long-term survival of M. smegmatis. The findings offer new targets to develop antibiotics against persisters. Further, investigating the corresponding genes in M. tuberculosis may provide valuable leads in improving the treatment of chronic and persistent tuberculosis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Joshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Divya Kandari
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
- Divacc Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., incubated under Atal Incubation Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Subhrangsu Sundar Maitra
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Bhatnagar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Nirupama Banerjee
- Divacc Research Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., incubated under Atal Incubation Centre, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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7
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Yadav P, Goel M, Gupta RD. Anti-biofilm potential of human senescence marker protein 30 against Mycobacterium smegmatis. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 40:45. [PMID: 38114754 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Human senescence marker protein 30 (huSMP30) has been characterized as a multifaceted protein consisting of various enzymatic and cellular functions. It catalyzes the interconversion of L-gulonate and L-gulono-γ-lactone in the ascorbate biosynthesis pathway. Therefore, we hypothesized that it could be a potential anti-biofilm agent against pathogenic bacteria due to its lactonase activity. In order to corroborate this, the huSMP30 was recombinantly expressed, purified, and analyzed for its ability to inhibit Mycobacterium smegmatis biofilm formation, which showed a concentration-dependent inhibition as compared to the untreated control group. Further, in silico analysis was performed to redesign the huSMP30 with enhanced lactonase activity. Molecular docking analysis of the huSMP30 and lactone substrates facilitated the selection of three single amino acid substitutions (E18H, N154Q, and D204V), which were created using a PCR-based site-directed mutagenesis reaction. These mutant proteins and the wild-type huSMP30 were purified, and the effects on the enzymatic activity and biofilm formation were studied. The mutants E18H and D204V showed non-significant effects on specific lactonase activity, catalytic efficiency, and anti-biofilm property; however, the mutant N154Q showed significant improvement in the specific lactonase activity, catalytic efficiency, and inhibition in the biofilm formation. The protein stability analysis revealed that the wild-type huSMP30 and its designed mutants were stable at 37 °C for up to 4 days. In conclusion, the anti-biofilm property of the huSMP30 has been established, and an engineered version, N154Q, inhibits biofilm formation with greater efficiency. Human SMP30 is a versatile protein with multiple cellular and enzymatic functions, however, its anti-biofilm potential has not been explored. Our work presents the method to produce soluble and active huSMP30 in the E. coli expression system and establishes its role as an anti-biofilm agent against Mycobacterium smegmatis owing to its lactonase activity. Our results provide support for the future advancement of huSMP30 as a potential anti-biofilm agent targeting pathogenic Mycobacterium species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyamedha Yadav
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Manik Goel
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Rinkoo Devi Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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8
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Anderson SM, Sears CL. The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Cancer: A Review, With Special Focus on Colorectal Neoplasia and Clostridioides difficile. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77:S471-S478. [PMID: 38051969 PMCID: PMC10697667 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has coevolved with humans to aid in physiologic functions and prevent disease. An increasing prevalence of gut dysbiosis in modern society exists and has strong linkages to multiple disease processes common in the developed world. Mechanisms for microbiome-human interactions that impact host homeostasis include bacterial metabolite/toxin production, biofilm formation with mucous layer infiltration, and host immune system modulation. Most of this crosstalk occurs at the epithelial layer of the gut, and as such the role of these interactions in the induction of colorectal cancer-a highly prevalent disease globally and one undergoing significant epidemiologic shifts-is under increasing scrutiny. Although multiple individual gut bacteria have been hypothesized as possible driver organisms in the oncogenic process, no bacterium has been definitively identified as a causal agent of colorectal cancer, suggesting that host lifestyle factors, microbiome community interactions, and the mucosal and/or systemic immune response may play a critical role in the process. Recent evidence has emerged implicating the ubiquitous human pathogen Clostridioides difficile as a possible promoter of colorectal cancer through chronic toxin-mediated cellular changes. Although much remains to be defined regarding the natural history of infections caused by this pathogen and its potential for oncogenesis, it provides a strong model for the role of both individual bacteria and of the gut microbial community as a whole in the development of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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9
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Biomaterial therapeutic strategies for treatment of bacterial lung infections. Biofilm 2023; 5:100111. [PMID: 36909663 PMCID: PMC9999167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections of the lung frequently occur as a secondary infection to many respiratory viral infections and conditions, including influenza, COVID-19, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and cystic fibrosis (CF). Currently, clinical standard treats bacterial infections of the lung with antibiotic drugs. However, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics can disrupt host microbiomes, lead to patient discomfort, and current clinical settings face the constantly increasing threat of drug-resistant bacteria. Biofilms further obstruct effective treatment due to their protective matrix layer, which shields bacteria from both the host immune system and antimicrobial drugs and subsequently promotes drug resistance. Alternative antimicrobial agents, including bacteriophages and antimicrobial peptides, have been utilized to treat drug-resistant bacteria. However, these antimicrobial agents have significant limitations pertaining to their ability to arrive at infection sites without compromised function and ability to persist over an extended period to fully treat infections. Enhanced delivery strategies present great promise in addressing these issues by using micro/nanoparticle carriers that shield antimicrobial agents in transit and result in sustained release, enhancing subsequent therapeutic effect and can even be modulated to be multi-functional to further improve recovery following bacterial infection.
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10
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Guo Y, Mao Z, Ran F, Sun J, Zhang J, Chai G, Wang J. Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems to Control Bacterial-Biofilm-Associated Lung Infections. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2582. [PMID: 38004561 PMCID: PMC10674810 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway mucus dysfunction and impaired immunological defenses are hallmarks of several lung diseases, including asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, and are mostly causative factors in bacterial-biofilm-associated respiratory tract infections. Bacteria residing within the biofilm architecture pose a complex challenge in clinical settings due to their increased tolerance to currently available antibiotics and host immune responses, resulting in chronic infections with high recalcitrance and high rates of morbidity and mortality. To address these unmet clinical needs, potential anti-biofilm therapeutic strategies are being developed to effectively control bacterial biofilm. This review focuses on recent advances in the development and application of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for the treatment of biofilm-associated respiratory tract infections, especially addressing the respiratory barriers of concern for biofilm accessibility and the various types of nanoparticles used to combat biofilms. Understanding the obstacles facing pulmonary drug delivery to bacterial biofilms and nanoparticle-based approaches to combatting biofilm may encourage researchers to explore promising treatment modalities for bacterial-biofilm-associated chronic lung infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zeyuan Mao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fang Ran
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jihong Sun
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Digestive System Tumors of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Guihong Chai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
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11
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Bai Y, Wang Y, Kang M, Gabe CM, Srirangapatanam S, Edwards A, Stoller M, Green SJ, Aloni S, Tamura N, Beniash E, Hardt M, Ho SP. Organic Matrix Derived from Host-Microbe Interplay Contributes to Pathological Renal Biomineralization. ACS NANOSCIENCE AU 2023; 3:335-346. [PMID: 37601921 PMCID: PMC10436370 DOI: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.2c00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Matrix stones are a rare form of kidney stones. They feature a high percentage of hydrogel-like organic matter, and their formation is closely associated with urinary tract infections. Herein, comprehensive materials and biochemical approaches were taken to map the organic-inorganic interface and gather insights into the host-microbe interplay in pathological renal biomineralization. Surgically extracted soft and slimy matrix stones were examined using micro-X-ray computed tomography and various microspectroscopy techniques. Higher-mineral-density laminae were positive for calcium-bound Alizarin red. Lower-mineral-density laminae revealed periodic acid-Schiff-positive organic filamentous networks of varied thickness. These organic filamentous networks, which featured a high polysaccharide content, were enriched with zinc, carbon, and sulfur elements. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) along with immune response-related proteins, including calprotectin, myeloperoxidase, CD63, and CD86, also were identified in the filamentous networks. Expressions of NETs and upregulation of polysaccharide-rich mucin secretion are proposed as a part of the host immune defense to "trap" pathogens. These host-microbe derived organic matrices can facilitate heterogeneous nucleation and precipitation of inorganic particulates, resulting in macroscale aggregates known as "matrix stones". These insights into the plausible aggregation of constituents through host-microbe interplay underscore the unique "double-edged sword" effect of the host immune response to pathogens and the resulting renal biominerals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Bai
- Department
of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Department
of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Misun Kang
- Department
of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Claire M. Gabe
- Department
of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Sudarshan Srirangapatanam
- Department
of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- College
of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32827, United States
| | - Austin Edwards
- Biological
Imaging Development Center, University of
California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Marshall Stoller
- Department
of Urology, School of Medicine, University
of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Stefan J. Green
- Department
of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Rush Medical
College, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Shaul Aloni
- The
Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nobumichi Tamura
- Advanced
Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Elia Beniash
- Department
of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Markus Hardt
- Center
for Salivary Diagnostics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Department
of Developmental Biology, Harvard School
of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Sunita P. Ho
- Department
of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
- Department
of Urology, School of Medicine, University
of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
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12
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O’Shaughnessy M, Sheils O, Baird AM. The Lung Microbiome in COPD and Lung Cancer: Exploring the Potential of Metal-Based Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12296. [PMID: 37569672 PMCID: PMC10419288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer 17 are two of the most prevalent and debilitating respiratory diseases worldwide, both associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. As major global health concerns, they impose a substantial burden on patients, healthcare systems, and society at large. Despite their distinct aetiologies, lung cancer and COPD share common risk factors, clinical features, and pathological pathways, which have spurred increasing research interest in their co-occurrence. One area of particular interest is the role of the lung microbiome in the development and progression of these diseases, including the transition from COPD to lung cancer. Exploring novel therapeutic strategies, such as metal-based drugs, offers a potential avenue for targeting the microbiome in these diseases to improve patient outcomes. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the lung microbiome, with a particular emphasis on COPD and lung cancer, and to discuss the potential of metal-based drugs as a therapeutic strategy for these conditions, specifically concerning targeting the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan O’Shaughnessy
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
| | - Orla Sheils
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Histopathology and Morbid Anatomy, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St. James’s Hospital, D08 RX0X Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne-Marie Baird
- School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D08 W9RT Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Shi J, Wang Y, He W, Ye Z, Liu M, Zhao Z, Lam JWY, Zhang P, Kwok RTK, Tang BZ. Precise Molecular Engineering of Type I Photosensitizer with Aggregation-Induced Emission for Image-Guided Photodynamic Eradication of Biofilm. Molecules 2023; 28:5368. [PMID: 37513241 PMCID: PMC10385678 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections exert more severe and harmful attacks on human health since they can accelerate the generation and development of the antibiotic resistance of the embedded bacteria. Anti-biofilm materials and techniques that can eliminate biofilms effectively are in urgent demand. Therefore, we designed a type I photosensitizer (TTTDM) with an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) property and used F-127 to encapsulate the TTTDM into nanoparticles (F-127 AIE NPs). The NPs exhibit highly efficient ROS generation by enhancing intramolecular D-A interaction and confining molecular non-radiative transitions. Furthermore, the NPs can sufficiently penetrate the biofilm matrix and then detect and eliminate mature bacterial biofilms upon white light irradiation. This strategy holds great promise for the rapid detection and eradication of bacterial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yucheng Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Wei He
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, South Area Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ziyue Ye
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Mengli Liu
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, South Area Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jacky Wing Yip Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Molecular Imaging, CAS Key Lab for Health Informatics, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ryan Tsz Kin Kwok
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, South Area Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
- School of Science and Engineering, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Functional Aggregate Materials, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, South Area Hi-Tech Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen 518057, China
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14
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Guo XK, Wang J, van Hensbergen VP, Liu J, Xu H, Hu X. Interactions between host and intestinal crypt-resided biofilms are controlled by epithelial fucosylation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112754. [PMID: 37405914 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As highly organized consortia of bacteria, biofilms have long been implicated in aggravating inflammation. However, our understanding regarding in vivo host-biofilm interactions in the complex tissue environments remains limited. Here, we show a unique pattern of crypt occupation by mucus-associated biofilms during the early stage of colitis, which is genetically dependent on bacterial biofilm-forming capacity and restricted by host epithelial α1,2-fucosylation. α1,2-Fucosylation deficiency leads to markedly augmented crypt occupation by biofilms originated from pathogenic Salmonella Typhimurium or indigenous Escherichia coli, resulting in exacerbated intestinal inflammation. Mechanistically, α1,2-fucosylation-mediated restriction of biofilms relies on interactions between bacteria and liberated fucose from biofilm-occupied mucus. Fucose represses biofilm formation and biofilm-related genes in vitro and in vivo. Finally, fucose administration ameliorates experimental colitis, suggesting therapeutic potential of fucose for biofilm-related disorders. This work illustrates host-biofilm interactions during gut inflammation and identifies fucosylation as a physiological strategy for restraining biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Kun Guo
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiali Wang
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Vincent P van Hensbergen
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jintao Liu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Center for Infectious Disease Research, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Huji Xu
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Clinical Medicine and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Institute for Immunology and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Immunological Research on Chronic Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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15
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Purushothaman AK, Nelson EJR. Role of innate immunity and systemic inflammation in cystic fibrosis disease progression. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17553. [PMID: 37449112 PMCID: PMC10336457 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiological manifestations of cystic fibrosis (CF) result from a functional defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) paving way for mucus obstruction and pathogen colonization. The role of CFTR in modulating immune cell function and vascular integrity, irrespective of mucus thickening, in determining the host cell response to pathogens/allergens and causing systemic inflammation is least appreciated. Since CFTR plays a key role in the conductance of anions like Cl-, loss of CFTR function could affect various basic cellular processes, such as cellular homeostasis, lysosome acidification, and redox balance. CFTR aids in endotoxin tolerance by regulating Toll-like receptor-mediated signaling resulting in uncontrolled activation of innate immune cells. Although leukocytes of CF patients are hyperactivated, they exhibit compromised phagosome activity thus favouring the orchestration of sepsis from defective pathogen clearance. This review will emphasize the importance of innate immunity and systemic inflammatory response in the development of CF and other CFTR-associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Purushothaman
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
| | - Everette Jacob Remington Nelson
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Department of Integrative Biology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India
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16
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Zhu Y, Chang D. Interactions between the lung microbiome and host immunity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2023; 9:104-121. [PMID: 37305112 PMCID: PMC10249200 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease and the third leading cause of death worldwide. Developments in next-generation sequencing technology have improved microbiome analysis, which is increasingly recognized as an important component of disease management. Similar to the gut, the lung is a biosphere containing billions of microbial communities. The lung microbiome plays an important role in regulating and maintaining the host immune system. The microbiome composition, metabolites of microorganisms, and the interactions between the lung microbiome and the host immunity profoundly affect the occurrence, development, treatment, and prognosis of COPD. In this review, we drew comparisons between the lung microbiome of healthy individuals and that of patients with COPD. Furthermore, we summarize the intrinsic interactions between the host and the overall lung microbiome, focusing on the underlying mechanisms linking the microbiome to the host innate and adaptive immune response pathways. Finally, we discuss the possibility of using the microbiome as a biomarker to determine the stage and prognosis of COPD and the feasibility of developing a novel, safe, and effective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixing Zhu
- Graduate School of The PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - De Chang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Eighth Medical Center, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Seventh Medical CenterChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
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17
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Alatawneh N, Meijler MM. Unraveling the Antibacterial and Iron Chelating Activity of
N
‐Oxide Hydroxy‐Phenazine natural Products and Synthetic Analogs against
Staphylococcus Aureus. Isr J Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202200112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Alatawneh
- Department of Chemistry and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Be'er Sheva 84105 Israel
| | - Michael M. Meijler
- Department of Chemistry and The National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Be'er Sheva 84105 Israel
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18
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The vermiform cecal appendix, expendable or essential? A narrative review. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2022; 38:570-576. [PMID: 36165025 DOI: 10.1097/mog.0000000000000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The vermiform cecal appendix is a small thin pouch-like tube of intestinal tissue situated in the lower right abdomen. It is attached at the junction of the large intestine between the ascending colon and small intestine. Historically, the appendix has been labeled redundant with no significant function, a remnant of evolution. This idea was thought to represent a function that may have been critical for survival that became nonsignificant over time. Evolutionary biologists deemed it to be a vestigial organ that early in human evolution was a dedicated organ that was useful and exploited by herbivorous ancestors. RECENT FINDINGS Currently, the vermiform cecal appendix has generated significant renewed research interest. As such it has been reported to present a site with a high concentration of lymphoid tissue and a biofilm microbiome that approximately mirrors that which is found in the large bowel. SUMMARY Research suggests that the vermiform cecal appendix may be the site of a safe-house biofilm that could re-inoculate the large bowel. Given that the appendix has no known role in digestion, the network of lymphoid tissue and microbiome could constitute an initial site of bacterial translocations that can influence early life ontology and immunological tolerance. A dysbiotic microbiome in the appendix is posited to trigger inflammatory sequelae.
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19
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Replacement of refined sugar by natural sweeteners: focus on potential health benefits. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10711. [PMID: 36185143 PMCID: PMC9519493 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Refined sugar is a processed product containing 99% sucrose, which is obtained from sugarcane (70%) or sugar beet (30%). In modern societies, sugar continues to play a significant role in the diet, recognised not only for its flavour and special sweetening properties but also for its role in food preservation. On the other hand, a high consumption of refined sugar is associated with non-communicable diseases and many health issues such as a high risk of dental caries, overweight and neurodevelopmental disorders in children. Alternatives like unrefined sugars have generated a lot of interest as a healthy substitute due to their nutraceutical properties. This paper is aimed to review the beneficial effects of sugar derived from natural sources and highlight health problems that could be caused by refined processed sugar. Refined sugar is frequently used in variety of items including processed foods, soft drinks or ice creams although it is considered unhealthy due to its high salt and sugar content as well as added fats and artificial coloring. Natural sugars are preferred because they have a high nutritional value and a high concentration of healthy compounds, which offset the negative effects of refined sugar. Therefore, removing refined sugar or at least reducing its consumption should be promoted as a healthier option in food choices.
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20
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Loktionov A. Colon mucus in colorectal neoplasia and beyond. World J Gastroenterol 2022; 28:4475-4492. [PMID: 36157924 PMCID: PMC9476883 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i32.4475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Little was known about mammalian colon mucus (CM) until the beginning of the 21st century. Since that time considerable progress has been made in basic research addressing CM structure and functions. Human CM is formed by two distinct layers composed of gel-forming glycosylated mucins that are permanently secreted by goblet cells of the colonic epithelium. The inner layer is dense and impenetrable for bacteria, whereas the loose outer layer provides a habitat for abundant commensal microbiota. Mucus barrier integrity is essential for preventing bacterial contact with the mucosal epithelium and maintaining homeostasis in the gut, but it can be impaired by a variety of factors, including CM-damaging switch of commensal bacteria to mucin glycan consumption due to dietary fiber deficiency. It is proven that impairments in CM structure and function can lead to colonic barrier deterioration that opens direct bacterial access to the epithelium. Bacteria-induced damage dysregulates epithelial proliferation and causes mucosal inflammatory responses that may expand to the loosened CM and eventually result in severe disorders, including colitis and neoplastic growth. Recently described formation of bacterial biofilms within the inner CM layer was shown to be associated with both inflammation and cancer. Although obvious gaps in our knowledge of human CM remain, its importance for the pathogenesis of major colorectal diseases, comprising inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, is already recognized. Continuing progress in CM exploration is likely to result in the development of a range of new useful clinical applications addressing colorectal disease diagnosis, prevention and therapy.
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21
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The Experimental Exploration of TCM Theory "Treating the Same Disease with Different Approaches" on an Ulcerative Colitis Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4916540. [PMID: 35815289 PMCID: PMC9262511 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4916540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
There is a relationship between lung injury and ulcerative colitis. Currently, traditional Chinese medicine (Huangqi Jiegeng (HQJGD) and Huangqi Huanglian decoctions (HQHLD)) is commonly used for UC-related lung injury; however, the mechanisms of these drugs remain unclear. In this study, UC models were established with the mucous membrane of colon allergize combined with TNBS-alcohol enteroclysis for 4 weeks. The pathological changes in the lung, intestine, liver, and kidney were observed; cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules in lung tissue were detected in order to explore the immunological mechanism of UC-related lung injury and the intervention mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in treating the lung and intestine in the immune-TNBS-ethanol rat model. Histology examinations demonstrated evident pathological changes in the lungs and intestines of the model groups. Furthermore, all groups treated with TCMs demonstrated reduced expressions of toll-like receptor 4, nuclear factor kappa-B, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor. Additionally, radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry showed tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and 8 expression downregulation. The results showed that HQJGD and HQHLD could alleviate pulmonary inflammation in UC-related lung injury by obviously improving the pathology and fibrosis of the lung, inhibiting the positive feedback loop of MIF/NF-κB, and reducing lymphocyte homing to bronchial mucosa. This model revealed the immune mechanism of UC-related lung injury and the intervention mechanism of the Chinese medicine, which provided the rationale for treating ulcerative colitis clinically, so as to demonstrate the theory of “the lung and the large intestine being interior-exteriorly related” and “treating the same disease with different approaches.”
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22
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Ni L, Jing S, Zhu L, Yang X, Wang X, Tu S. The Immune Change of the Lung and Bowel in an Ulcerative Colitis Rat Model and the Protective Effect of Sodium Houttuyfonate Combined With Matrine. Front Immunol 2022; 13:888918. [PMID: 35844499 PMCID: PMC9280623 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.888918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the immune change of lung injury of Ulcerative colitis (UC) by observing the changes of inherent immunity and adaptive immunity of the lung and bowel in UC rat models after the treatment of Sodium Houttuyfonate combined with Matrine. Method UC rat models were established with the mucous membrane of colon allergize combined with TNBS-alcohol enteroclysis for 1 week and 5 weeks. 1-week experimental rats were divided into normal group and model group, 5/each group. 5-weeks experimental rats were divided into normal group, model group, Sodium Houttuyfonate (2.9mg/ml) combined with Matrine (1.47mg/ml), and positive control sulfasalazine (10mg/ml), 5/each group. All rats were administered by gavage for 5 weeks. The histopathological and fibrotic changes in the lung and bowel were observed, and the expressions of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)- α, interleukin (IL)-8 in the lung, bowel, and serum were detected by radio-immunity and immunohistochemistry, and the mRNA expressions of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4, nuclear factor kappa (NF-κB), Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), Mucosal addressing cell adhesion molecule-1 (MadCAM1) and Pulmonary surfactant protein-A (SP-A) in the lung and bowel were detected by Real time-PCR. Result Compared with the normal group, the model rats had significant histopathological and fibrotic changes both in the lung and bowel, and all treatment groups were improved. After treatment, TLR4, IL-8, MIF, and TNF-α in the lung decreased (P<0.05); NF-KB, IL-8, and MIF in the bowel increased (P<0.05); MadCAM1 both in lung and bowel decreased (P<0.05); SP-A decreased in bowel and increased in the lung (P<0.05). Conclusion The cause of lung injury in this model was found to be related to inherent immunity and adaptive immunity, while the cause of bowel injury in this model was found to be mainly related to adaptive immunity. Sodium Houttuyfonate combined with Matrine could improve bowel and lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Ni
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shan Jing
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Nantong Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Li Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Dong- zhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Dong- zhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Su Tu
- Department of Emergency, the Affiliated Wuxi NO 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Su Tu,
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23
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Lin D, Hu Q, Yang L, Zeng X, Xiao Y, Wang D, Dai W, Lu H, Fang J, Tang Z, Wang Z. The niche-specialist and age-related oral microbial ecosystem: crosstalk with host immune cells in homeostasis. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35731208 PMCID: PMC9455711 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although characterization of the baseline oral microbiota has been discussed, the current literature seems insufficient to draw a definitive conclusion on the interactions between the microbes themselves or with the host. This study focuses on the spatial and temporal characteristics of the oral microbial ecosystem in a mouse model and its crosstalk with host immune cells in homeostasis. The V3V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene of 20 samples from four niches (tongue, buccal mucosa, keratinized gingiva and hard palate) and 10 samples from two life stages (adult and old) were analysed. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to investigate the resident immune cells. The niche-specialist and age-related communities, characterized based on the microbiota structure, interspecies communications, microbial functions and interactions with immune cells, were addressed. The phylum Firmicutes was the major component in the oral community. The microbial community profiles at the genus level showed that the relative abundances of the genera Bacteroides, Lactobacillus and Porphyromonas were enriched in the gingiva. The abundance of the genera Streptococcus, Faecalibaculum and Veillonella was increased in palatal samples, while the abundance of Neisseria and Bradyrhizobium was enriched in buccal samples. The genera Corynebacterium, Stenotrophomonas, Streptococcus and Fusobacterium were proportionally enriched in old samples, while Prevotella and Lacobacillus were enriched in adult samples. Network analysis showed that the genus Lactobacillus performed as a central node in the buccal module, while in the gingiva module, the central nodes were Nesterenkonia and Hydrogenophilus. FCM showed that the proportion of Th1 cells in the tongue samples (38.18 % [27.03–49.34 %]) (mean [range]) was the highest. The proportion of γδT cells in the buccal mucosa (25.82 % [22.1–29.54 %]) and gingiva (20.42 % [18.31–22.53 %]) samples was higher (P<0.01) than those in the palate (14.18 % [11.69–16.67 %]) and tongue (9.38 % [5.38–13.37 %] samples. The proportion of Th2 (31.3 % [16.16–46.44 %]), Th17 (27.06 % [15.76–38.36 %]) and Treg (29.74 % [15.71–43.77 %]) cells in the old samples was higher than that in the adult samples (P<0.01). Further analysis of the interplays between the microbiomes and immune cells indicated that Th1 cells in the adult group, nd Th2, Th17 and Treg cells in the old group were the main immune factors strongly associated with the oral microbiota. For example, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells showed a significantly positive correlation with age-related microorganisms such as Sphingomonas, Streptococcus and Acinetobacter, while Th1 cells showed a negative correlation. Another positive correlation occurred between Th1 cells and several commensal microbiomes such as Lactobacillus, Jeotgalicoccus and Sporosarcina. Th2, Th17 and Treg cells showed the opposite trend. Together, our findings identify the niche-specialist and age-related characteristics of the oral microbial ecosystem and the potential associations between the microbiomes and the mucosal immune cells, providing critical insights into mucosal microbiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjia Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qiannan Hu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lisa Yang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xian Zeng
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yiwei Xiao
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dikan Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenxiao Dai
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Huanzi Lu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Juan Fang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhonghui Tang
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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Economic significance of biofilms: a multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral challenge. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2022; 8:42. [PMID: 35618743 PMCID: PMC9135682 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-022-00306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing awareness of the significance of microbial biofilms across different sectors is continuously revealing new areas of opportunity in the development of innovative technologies in translational research, which can address their detrimental effects, as well as exploit their benefits. Due to the extent of sectors affected by microbial biofilms, capturing their real financial impact has been difficult. This perspective highlights this impact globally, based on figures identified in a recent in-depth market analysis commissioned by the UK’s National Biofilms Innovation Centre (NBIC). The outputs from this analysis and the workshops organised by NBIC on its research strategic themes have revealed the breath of opportunities for translational research in microbial biofilms. However, there are still many outstanding scientific and technological challenges which must be addressed in order to catalyse these opportunities. This perspective discusses some of these challenges.
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Akasov R, Khaydukov EV, Yamada M, Zvyagin AV, Leelahavanichkul A, Leanse LG, Dai T, Prow T. Nanoparticle enhanced blue light therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 184:114198. [PMID: 35301045 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang Q, Yi S, Su G, Du Z, Pan S, Huang X, Cao Q, Yuan G, Kijlstra A, Yang P. Changes in the Gut Microbiome Contribute to the Development of Behcet's Disease via Adjuvant Effects. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:716760. [PMID: 34568329 PMCID: PMC8455896 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.716760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Behcet’s disease (BD) is associated with considerable gut microbiome changes. However, it still remains unknown how the composition of the gut microbiome exactly affects the development of this disease. In this study, transplantation of stool samples from patients with active ocular BD to mice via oral gavage was performed. This resulted in decreases of three short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including butyric acid, propionic acid and valeric acid in the feces of the BD-recipient group. Intestinal barrier integrity of mice receiving BD feces was damaged as shown by a decreased expression of tight junction proteins and was associated with the release of Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the circulation. The mice also showed a higher frequency of splenic neutrophils as well as an enrichment of genes associated with innate immune responses in the neutrophils and CD4 + T cells as identified by single cell RNA sequencing. Analysis of neutrophils and T cells functions in these mice showed an enhanced mesenteric lymph node and splenic Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation in association with activation of neutrophils. Transplantation of BD feces to mice and subsequent induction of experimental uveitis (EAU) or encephalomyelitis (EAE) led to an exacerbation of disease in both models, suggesting a microbial adjuvant effect. These findings suggest that the gut microbiome may regulate an autoimmune response via adjuvant effects including increased gut permeability and enhancement of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfeng Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Shenglan Yi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Ziyu Du
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Su Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyue Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingfeng Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Gangxiang Yuan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Aize Kijlstra
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Peizeng Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
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Marczynski M, Lieleg O. Forgotten but not gone: Particulate matter as contaminations of mucosal systems. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 2:031302. [PMID: 38505633 PMCID: PMC10903497 DOI: 10.1063/5.0054075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
A decade ago, environmental issues, such as air pollution and the contamination of the oceans with microplastic, were prominently communicated in the media. However, these days, political topics, as well as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, have clearly taken over. In spite of this shift in focus regarding media representation, researchers have made progress in evaluating the possible health risks associated with particulate contaminations present in water and air. In this review article, we summarize recent efforts that establish a clear link between the increasing occurrence of certain pathological conditions and the exposure of humans (or animals) to airborne or waterborne particulate matter. First, we give an overview of the physiological functions mucus has to fulfill in humans and animals, and we discuss different sources of particulate matter. We then highlight parameters that govern particle toxicity and summarize our current knowledge of how an exposure to particulate matter can be related to dysfunctions of mucosal systems. Last, we outline how biophysical tools and methods can help researchers to obtain a better understanding of how particulate matter may affect human health. As we discuss here, recent research has made it quite clear that the structure and functions of those mucosal systems are sensitive toward particulate contaminations. Yet, our mechanistic understanding of how (and which) nano- and microparticles can compromise human health via interacting with mucosal barriers is far from complete.
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Knippel RJ, Drewes JL, Sears CL. The Cancer Microbiome: Recent Highlights and Knowledge Gaps. Cancer Discov 2021; 11:2378-2395. [PMID: 34400408 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the human microbiome, which is likely a critical factor in the initiation, progression, and prognosis of multiple forms of cancer, is rapidly expanding. In this review, we focus on recent investigations to discern putative, causative microbial species and the microbiome composition and structure currently associated with procarcinogenesis and tumorigenesis at select body sites. We specifically highlight forms of cancer, gastrointestinal and nongastrointestinal, that have significant bacterial associations and well-defined experimental evidence with the aim of generating directions for future experimental and translational investigations to develop a clearer understanding of the multifaceted mechanisms by which microbiota affect cancer formation. SIGNIFICANCE: Emerging and, for some cancers, strong experimental and translational data support the contribution of the microbiome to cancer biology and disease progression. Disrupting microbiome features and pathways contributing to cancer may provide new approaches to improving cancer outcomes in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reece J Knippel
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Julia L Drewes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Knippel RJ, Sears CL. The Microbiome Colorectal Cancer Puzzle: Initiator, Propagator, and Avenue for Treatment and Research. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2021; 19:986-992. [PMID: 34416704 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2021.7062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome has an ever-increasing role in the instigation and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Recent investigations have focused on identifying the key causative bacterial species and the composition and structure of the microbiome as a whole that ultimately lead to tumorigenesis in the colon. Understanding the bacterial mechanisms that promote CRC provides a rich area for the development of new screening modalities and therapeutics that may improve patient outcomes. This article reviews the various mechanisms that bacteria in the gut use to induce and/or promote tumor formation, discusses the application of the microbiome in the prevention and therapy of CRC, and provides directions for future research endeavors aiming to develop a more complete understanding of this complex phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia L Sears
- Division of Infectious Diseases.,Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, and.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Puschhof J, Pleguezuelos-Manzano C, Clevers H. Organoids and organs-on-chips: Insights into human gut-microbe interactions. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:867-878. [PMID: 34111395 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The important and diverse roles of the gut microbiota in human health and disease are increasingly recognized. The difficulty of inferring causation from metagenomic microbiome sequencing studies and from mouse-human interspecies differences has prompted the development of sophisticated in vitro models of human gut-microbe interactions. Here, we review recent advances in the co-culture of microbes with intestinal and colonic epithelia, comparing the rapidly developing fields of organoids and organs-on-chips with other standard models. We describe how specific individual processes by which microbes and epithelia interact can be recapitulated in vitro. Using examples of bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, we highlight the advantages of each culture model and discuss current trends and future possibilities to build more complex co-cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Puschhof
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cayetano Pleguezuelos-Manzano
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW) and UMC Utrecht, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands; The Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Page LK, Staples KJ, Spalluto CM, Watson A, Wilkinson TMA. Influence of Hypoxia on the Epithelial-Pathogen Interactions in the Lung: Implications for Respiratory Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:653969. [PMID: 33868294 PMCID: PMC8044850 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.653969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Under normal physiological conditions, the lung remains an oxygen rich environment. However, prominent regions of hypoxia are a common feature of infected and inflamed tissues and many chronic inflammatory respiratory diseases are associated with mucosal and systemic hypoxia. The airway epithelium represents a key interface with the external environment and is the first line of defense against potentially harmful agents including respiratory pathogens. The protective arsenal of the airway epithelium is provided in the form of physical barriers, and the production of an array of antimicrobial host defense molecules, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, in response to activation by receptors. Dysregulation of the airway epithelial innate immune response is associated with a compromised immunity and chronic inflammation of the lung. An increasing body of evidence indicates a distinct role for hypoxia in the dysfunction of the airway epithelium and in the responses of both innate immunity and of respiratory pathogens. Here we review the current evidence around the role of tissue hypoxia in modulating the host-pathogen interaction at the airway epithelium. Furthermore, we highlight the work needed to delineate the role of tissue hypoxia in the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma, cystic fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in addition to novel respiratory diseases such as COVID-19. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the epithelial-pathogen interactions in the setting of hypoxia will enable better understanding of persistent infections and complex disease processes in chronic inflammatory lung diseases and may aid the identification of novel therapeutic targets and strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee K. Page
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Karl J. Staples
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - C. Mirella Spalluto
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair Watson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tom M. A. Wilkinson
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton Faculty of Medicine, Southampton, United Kingdom
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, Southampton Centre for Biomedical Research, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Biofilm formation in the lung contributes to virulence and drug tolerance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1606. [PMID: 33707445 PMCID: PMC7952908 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21748-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a chronic disease that displays several features commonly associated with biofilm-associated infections: immune system evasion, antibiotic treatment failures, and recurrence of infection. However, although Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) can form cellulose-containing biofilms in vitro, it remains unclear whether biofilms are formed during infection in vivo. Here, we demonstrate the formation of Mtb biofilms in animal models of infection and in patients, and that biofilm formation can contribute to drug tolerance. First, we show that cellulose is also a structural component of the extracellular matrix of in vitro biofilms of fast and slow-growing nontuberculous mycobacteria. Then, we use cellulose as a biomarker to detect Mtb biofilms in the lungs of experimentally infected mice and non-human primates, as well as in lung tissue sections obtained from patients with tuberculosis. Mtb strains defective in biofilm formation are attenuated for survival in mice, suggesting that biofilms protect bacilli from the host immune system. Furthermore, the administration of nebulized cellulase enhances the antimycobacterial activity of isoniazid and rifampicin in infected mice, supporting a role for biofilms in phenotypic drug tolerance. Our findings thus indicate that Mtb biofilms are relevant to human tuberculosis.
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Gorgulho CM, Krishnamurthy A, Lanzi A, Galon J, Housseau F, Kaneno R, Lotze MT. Gutting it Out: Developing Effective Immunotherapies for Patients With Colorectal Cancer. J Immunother 2021; 44:49-62. [PMID: 33416261 PMCID: PMC8092416 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0000000000000357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) include proinflammatory diets, sedentary habits, and obesity, in addition to genetic syndromes that predispose individuals to this disease. Current treatment relies on surgical excision and cytotoxic chemotherapies. There has been a renewed interest in immunotherapy as a treatment option for CRC given the success in melanoma and microsatellite instable (MSI) CRC. Immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors only plays a role in the 4%-6% of patients with MSIhigh tumors and even within this subpopulation, response rates can vary from 30% to 50%. Most patients with CRC do not respond to this modality of treatment, even though colorectal tumors are frequently infiltrated with T cells. Tumor cells limit apoptosis and survive following intensive chemotherapy leading to drug resistance and induction of autophagy. Pharmacological or molecular inhibition of autophagy improves the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy in murine models. The microbiome clearly plays an etiologic role, in some or most colon tumors, realized by elegant findings in murine models and now investigated in human clinical trials. Recent results have suggested that cancer vaccines may be beneficial, perhaps best as preventive strategies. The search for therapies that can be combined with current approaches to increase their efficacy, and new knowledge of the biology of CRC are pivotal to improve the care of patients suffering from this disease. Here, we review the basic immunobiology of CRC, current "state-of-the-art" immunotherapies and define those areas with greatest therapeutic promise for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mendonça Gorgulho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- DAMP Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh - PA, USA
| | | | - Anastasia Lanzi
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Galon
- INSERM, Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Sorbonne Université, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Franck Housseau
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, CRB-I Room 4M59, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ramon Kaneno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Botucatu, São Paulo State University, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael T. Lotze
- DAMP Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh - PA, USA
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Sainz-Mejías M, Jurado-Martín I, McClean S. Understanding Pseudomonas aeruginosa-Host Interactions: The Ongoing Quest for an Efficacious Vaccine. Cells 2020; 9:cells9122617. [PMID: 33291484 PMCID: PMC7762141 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a leading cause of chronic respiratory infections in people with cystic fibrosis (CF), bronchiectasis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and acute infections in immunocompromised individuals. The adaptability of this opportunistic pathogen has hampered the development of antimicrobial therapies, and consequently, it remains a major threat to public health. Due to its antimicrobial resistance, vaccines represent an alternative strategy to tackle the pathogen, yet despite over 50 years of research on anti-Pseudomonas vaccines, no vaccine has been licensed. Nevertheless, there have been many advances in this field, including a better understanding of the host immune response and the biology of P. aeruginosa. Multiple antigens and adjuvants have been investigated with varying results. Although the most effective protective response remains to be established, it is clear that a polarised Th2 response is sub-optimal, and a mixed Th1/Th2 or Th1/Th17 response appears beneficial. This comprehensive review collates the current understanding of the complexities of P. aeruginosa-host interactions and its implication in vaccine design, with a view to understanding the current state of Pseudomonal vaccine development and the direction of future efforts. It highlights the importance of the incorporation of appropriate adjuvants to the protective antigen to yield optimal protection.
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Frisan T. Co- and polymicrobial infections in the gut mucosa: The host-microbiota-pathogen perspective. Cell Microbiol 2020; 23:e13279. [PMID: 33040471 PMCID: PMC7900980 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Infections in humans occur in the context of complex niches where the pathogen interacts with both the host microenvironment and immune response, and the symbiotic microbial community. The polymicrobial nature of many human infections adds a further layer of complexity. The effect of co‐ or polymicrobial infections can result in enhanced severity due to pathogens cooperative interaction or reduced morbidity because one of the pathogens affects the fitness of the other(s). In this review, the concept of co‐infections and polymicrobial interactions in the context of the intestinal mucosa is discussed, focusing on the interplay between the host, the microbiota and the pathogenic organisms. Specifically, we will examine examples of pathogen‐cooperative versus ‐antagonistic behaviour during co‐ and polymicrobial infections. We discuss: the infection‐induced modulation of the host microenvironment and immune responses; the direct modulation of the microorganism's fitness; the potentiation of inflammatory/carcinogenic conditions by polymicrobial biofilms; and the promotion of co‐infections by microbial‐induced DNA damage. Open questions in this very exciting field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Frisan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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36
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Janney A, Powrie F, Mann EH. Host–microbiota maladaptation in colorectal cancer. Nature 2020; 585:509-517. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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