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Zhou J, Zhang M, Wang H, Zhong X, Yang X. Role of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors and alteration of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment: challenges and opportunities for Cancer Immunotherapy. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:167. [PMID: 38485861 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03908-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Various forms of malignancies have been linked to Helicobacter pylori. Despite advancements in chemotherapeutic and surgical approaches, the management of cancer, particularly at advanced stages, increasingly relies on the integration of immunotherapy. As a novel, safe therapeutic modality, immunotherapy harnesses the immune system of the patient to treat cancer, thereby broadening treatment options. However, there is evidence that H. pylori infection may influence the effectiveness of immunotherapy in various types of cancer. This association is related to H. pylori virulence factors and the tumor microenvironment. This review discusses the influence of H. pylori infection on immunotherapy in non-gastrointestinal and gastrointestinal tumors, the mechanisms underlying this relationship, and directions for the development of improved immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Zhou
- Department of Oncology, The Huai'an Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minna Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - HongGang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhong
- Department of Oncology, The Huai'an Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.
| | - XiaoZhong Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Huai'an No. 1 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.
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2
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Yang S, Hao S, Ye H, Zhang X. Cross-talk between Helicobacter pylori and gastric cancer: a scientometric analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1353094. [PMID: 38357448 PMCID: PMC10864449 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1353094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylori (HP) is considered a leading risk factor for gastric cancer (GC). The aim of this article is to conduct bibliometric and visual analysis to assess scientific output, identify highly cited papers, summarize current knowledge, and explore recent hotspots and trends in HP/GC research. Methods A bibliographic search was conducted on October 24, 2023, to retrieve relevant studies on HP/GC research between 2003 and 2022. The search terms were attached to HP and GC. The main data were from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Data visualization was performed using Biblioshiny, VOSviewer, and Microsoft Excel. Results In HP/GC research, 1970 papers were retrieved. The total number of papers (Np) in HP/GC was growing from 2003 to 2022. China and Japan were in the leading position and made the most contributions to HP/GC. Vanderbilt University and the US Department of Veterans Affairs had the highest Np. The most productive authors were Peek Jr Richard M. and Piazuelo M Blanca. Helicobacter received the most Np, while Gastroenterology had the most total citations (TC). High-cited publications and keyword clustering were used to identify the current status and trends in HP/GC research, while historical citation analysis provided insight into the evolution of HP/GC research. The hot topics included the effect of HP on gastric tumorigenesis and progression, the pathogenesis of HP-induced GC (HP factors), and the mechanisms by which HP affects GC (host factors). Research in the coming years could focus on topics such as autophagy, gut microbiota, immunotherapy, exosomes, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). Conclusion This study evaluated the global scientific output in HP/GC research and its quantitative characteristics, identified the essential works, and collected information on the current status, main focuses and emerging trends in HP/GC research to provide academics with guidance for future paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Yang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shaodong Hao
- Spleen-Stomach Department, Fangshan Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuezhi Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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Wu L, Xue Q, Xia X. High expression of TRIP13 is associated with tumor progression in H. pylori infection induced gastric cancer. Mutat Res 2024; 828:111854. [PMID: 38492425 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2024.111854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE H. pylori is a recognized bacterial carcinogen in the world to cause gastric cancer (GC). However, the molecular mechanism of H. pylori infection-induced GC is not completely clear. Thus, there is an urgent need to reveal the precise mechanisms regulating cancer development due to H. pylori infection. METHODS GEO microarray databases and TCGA databases were extracted for the analysis of different expression genes (DEGs). Then, Kaplan-Meier Plotter was used for prognostic analysis. Functional enrichment analysis of TRIP13 was performed by metascape database and TIMER database. Specific role of TRIP13 in GC with H. pylori infection was confirmed by CCK8, cell cycle analysis and WB. RESULTS A total 10 DEGs were substantially elevated in GC and H. pylori+ tissues and might be associated with H. pylori infection in GC and only the highly expressed TRIP13 was statistically associated with poor prognosis in GC patients. Meanwhile, TRIP13 were upregulated in both CagA-transfected epithelial cells and GC cells. And TRIP13 deficiency inhibited cell proliferation and arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase. CONCLUSION Our study suggested that high expression of TRIP13 can promote the proliferation, cell cycle in GC cells, which could be used as a biomarker for H. pylori infection GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxiang Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, China
| | - Qiu Xue
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, China
| | - Xiaochun Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, China.
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Cheng W, Liao Y, Xie Y, Wang Q, Li L, Chen Y, Zhao Y, Zhou J. Helicobacter pylori-induced fibroblast-derived Serpin E1 promotes gastric cancer growth and peritoneal dissemination through p38 MAPK/VEGFA-mediated angiogenesis. Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:326. [PMID: 38104099 PMCID: PMC10725580 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-03177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fibroblasts, especially cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), represent the predominant stromal cell population in the tumor microenvironment and have an important function in tumorigenesis by interacting with tumor cells. However, their interaction remains elusive in an inflammatory tumor microenvironment induced by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). METHODS The expression of Serpin family E member 1 (Serpin E1) was measured in fibroblasts with or without H. pylori infection, and primary gastric cancer (GC) cells. Serpin E1 knockdown and overexpression fibroblasts were generated using Serpin E1 siRNA or lentivirus carrying Serpin E1. Co-culture models of fibroblasts and GC cells or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were established with direct contact or the Transwell system. In vitro functional experiments and in vivo tumorigenesis assay were employed to study the malignant behaviors of GC cells interacting with fibroblasts. ELISA was used for quantifying the levels of Serpin E1 and VEGFA in the culture supernatant. The tube formation capacity of HUVECs was assessed using a tube formation assay. Recombinant human Serpin E1 (recSerpin E1), anti-Serpin E1 antibody, and a MAPK pathway inhibitor were utilized to treat HUVECs for elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms. RESULTS Serpin E1 was predominantly expressed in gastric CAFs. H. pylori infection significantly enhanced the expression and secretion of Serpin E1 by CAFs. Both fibroblast-derived Serpin E1 and recSerpin E1 enhanced the growth, invasion, and migration of GC cells, along with increased VEGFA expression and tube formation in HUVECs. Furthermore, the co-inoculation of GC cells and fibroblasts overexpressing Serpin E1 triggered the expression of Serpin E1 in cancer cells, which facilitated together xenograft tumor growth and peritoneal dissemination of GC cells in nude mice, with an increased expression of Ki67, Serpin E1, CD31 and/or VEGFA. These processes may be mediated by Serpin E1-induced migration and p38 MAPK/VEGFA-mediated angiogenesis of HUVECs. CONCLUSION H. pylori infection induces Serpin E1 expression in fibroblasts, subsequently triggering its expression in GC cells through their interaction. Serpin E1 derived from these cells promotes the migration and p38 MAPK/VEGFA-mediated angiogenesis of HUVECs, thereby facilitating GC growth and peritoneal metastasis. Targeting Serpin E1 signaling is a potential therapy strategy for H. pylori-induced GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yonghui Liao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center of Qianxinan People's Hospital, Xingyi, China
| | - Yuan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qinrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Leilei Li
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuanjia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Jianjiang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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Nabavi-Rad A, Yadegar A, Sadeghi A, Aghdaei HA, Zali MR, Klionsky DJ, Yamaoka Y. The interaction between autophagy, Helicobacter pylori, and gut microbiota in gastric carcinogenesis. Trends Microbiol 2023; 31:1024-1043. [PMID: 37120362 PMCID: PMC10523907 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2023.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori is the primary risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. Hindering our ability to comprehend the precise role of autophagy during H. pylori infection is the complexity of context-dependent autophagy signaling pathways. Recent and ongoing progress in understanding H. pylori virulence allows new frontiers of research for the crosstalk between autophagy and H. pylori. Novel approaches toward discovering autophagy signaling networks have further revealed their critical influence on the structure of gut microbiota and the metabolome. Here we intend to present a holistic view of the perplexing role of autophagy in H. pylori pathogenesis and carcinogenesis. We also discuss the intermediate role of autophagy in H. pylori-mediated modification of gut inflammatory responses and microbiota structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nabavi-Rad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amir Sadeghi
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Yoshio Yamaoka
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Oita University Faculty of Medicine, Oita, Japan; Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Section, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA; Research Center for Global and Local Infectious Diseases, Oita University, Oita, Japan.
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Beccaceci G, Sigal M. Unwelcome guests - the role of gland-associated Helicobacter pylori infection in gastric carcinogenesis. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1171003. [PMID: 37152042 PMCID: PMC10160455 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1171003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) are Gram-negative bacteria that cause chronic gastritis and are considered the main risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. H. pylori have evolved to survive the harsh luminal environment of the stomach and are known to cause damage and signaling aberrations in gastric epithelial cells, which can result in premalignant and malignant pathology. As well as colonizing the gastric mucus and surface epithelial cells, a subpopulation of H. pylori can invade deep into the gastric glands and directly interact with progenitor and stem cells. Gland colonization therefore bears the potential to cause direct injury to long-lived cells. Moreover, this bacterial subpopulation triggers a series of host responses that cause an enhanced proliferation of stem cells. Here, we review recent insights into how gastric gland colonization by H. pylori is established, the resulting pro-carcinogenic epithelial signaling alterations, as well as new insights into stem cell responses to infection. Together these point towards a critical role of gland-associated H. pylori in the development of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Beccaceci
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité-Universtitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- The Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Sigal
- Medical Department, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Charité-Universtitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- The Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Singhal S, Bhadana R, Jain BP, Gautam A, Pandey S, Rani V. Role of gut microbiota in tumorigenesis and antitumoral therapies: an updated review. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2023:1-27. [PMID: 36632709 DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2023.2166268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota plays a prominent role in regulation of host nutrientmetabolism, drug and xenobiotics metabolism, immunomodulation and defense against pathogens. It synthesizes numerous metabolites thatmaintain the homeostasis of host. Any disbalance in the normalmicrobiota of gut can lead to pathological conditions includinginflammation and tumorigenesis. In the past few decades, theimportance of gut microbiota and its implication in various diseases, including cancer has been a prime focus in the field of research. Itplays a dual role in tumorigenesis, where it can accelerate as wellas inhibit the process. Various evidences validate the effects of gutmicrobiota in development and progression of malignancies, wheremanipulation of gut microbiota by probiotics, prebiotics, dietarymodifications and faecal microbiota transfer play a significant role.In this review, we focus on the current understanding of theinterrelationship between gut microbiota, immune system and cancer,the mechanisms by which they play dual role in promotion andinhibition of tumorigenesis. We have also discussed the role ofcertain bacteria with probiotic characteristics which can be used tomodulate the outcome of the various anti-cancer therapies under theinfluence of the alteration in the composition of gut microbiota.Future research primarily focusing on the microbiota as a communitywhich affect and modulate the treatment for cancer would benoteworthy in the field of oncology. This necessitates acomprehensive knowledge of the roles of individual as well asconsortium of microbiota in relation to physiology and response ofthe host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Singhal
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Renu Bhadana
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
| | - Buddhi Prakash Jain
- Department of Zoology, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India
| | - Akash Gautam
- Centre for Neural and Cognitive Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Shweta Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Govt Vishwanath Yadav Tamaskar Post-Graduate Autonomous College Durg, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Vibha Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India
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The Effect of Quadruple Therapy with Polaprezinc or Bismuth on Gut Microbiota after Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237050. [PMID: 36498624 PMCID: PMC9739995 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Quadruple therapy with polaprezinc provided an alternative to Helicobacter pylori eradication; however, the effect on gut microbiota remains uncertain. This study aims to identify whether polaprezinc-containing quadruple therapy causes adverse microbiota effects among asymptomatic adults, compared with bismuth therapy. Methods: This was a randomized control trial. One hundred asymptomatic H. pylori-infected adults were randomly (1:1) assigned to two treatment groups (polaprezinc-containing therapy, PQT; or bismuth-containing therapy, BQT). Fecal samples were collected from subjects before and 4−8 weeks after therapy. Samples were sequenced for the V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Results: The relative abundance of the three dominant bacterial phyla (Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria) accounted for more than 95% of each treatment group. The alpha diversity between eradications that succeeded and those that failed had no significant difference (p > 0.05). After successful eradication, the alpha diversity in the BQT group decreased in comparison with the baseline (p < 0.05). Subjects who were successfully eradicated by BQT showed considerably lower alpha diversity indices than those of the PQT at follow-up (p < 0.05). The abundance of Parasutterella in subjects who were successfully eradicated by PQT was four times greater than that of BQT (q < 0.05). Conclusion: A 14-day PQT may be superior to BQT in maintaining short-term gut microbiota homeostasis after H. pylori treatment. Our findings preliminarily provide evidence of the short-term impacts of the gut microbiota after PQT treatment of H. pylori infection.
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Palrasu M, Zaika E, Paulrasu K, Caspa Gokulan R, Suarez G, Que J, El-Rifai W, Peek RM, Garcia-Buitrago M, Zaika AI. Helicobacter pylori pathogen inhibits cellular responses to oncogenic stress and apoptosis. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010628. [PMID: 35767594 PMCID: PMC9242521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common gastric pathogen that infects approximately half of the world's population. Infection with H. pylori can lead to diverse pathological conditions, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and cancer. The latter is the most severe consequence of H. pylori infection. According to epidemiological studies, gastric infection with H. pylori is the strongest known risk factor for non-cardia gastric cancer (GC), which remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, it still remains to be poorly understood how host-microbe interactions result in cancer development in the human stomach. Here we focus on the H. pylori bacterial factors that affect the host ubiquitin proteasome system. We investigated E3 ubiquitin ligases SIVA1 and ULF that regulate p14ARF (p19ARF in mice) tumor suppressor. ARF plays a key role in regulation of the oncogenic stress response and is frequently inhibited during GC progression. Expression of ARF, SIVA1 and ULF proteins were investigated in gastroids, H. pylori-infected mice and human gastric tissues. The role of the H. pylori type IV secretion system was assessed using various H. pylori isogenic mutants. Our studies demonstrated that H. pylori infection results in induction of ULF, decrease in SIVA1 protein levels, and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of p14ARF tumor suppressor. Bacterial CagA protein was found to sequentially bind to SIVA1 and ULF proteins. This process is regulated by CagA protein phosphorylation at the EPIYA motifs. Downregulation of ARF protein leads to inhibition of cellular apoptosis and oncogenic stress response that may promote gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Palrasu
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Elena Zaika
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kodisundaram Paulrasu
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Ravindran Caspa Gokulan
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Giovanni Suarez
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Peek
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Monica Garcia-Buitrago
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alexander I. Zaika
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Enterobacteria impair host p53 tumor suppressor activity through mRNA destabilization. Oncogene 2022; 41:2173-2186. [PMID: 35197571 PMCID: PMC8993692 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02238-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence highlights the role of bacteria in the physiopathology of cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remains poorly understood. Several cancer-associated bacteria have been shown to produce toxins which interfere with the host defense against tumorigenesis. Here, we show that lipopolysaccharides from Klebsiella pneumoniae and other Enterobacteria strongly inhibit the host tumor suppressor p53 pathway through a novel mechanism of p53 regulation. We found that lipopolysaccharides destabilize TP53 mRNA through a TLR4-NF-κB-mediated inhibition of the RNA-binding factor Wig-1. Importantly, we show that K. pneumoniae disables two major tumor barriers, oncogene-induced DNA damage signaling and senescence, by impairing p53 transcriptional activity upon DNA damage and oncogenic stress. Furthermore, we found an inverse correlation between the levels of TLR4 and p53 mutation in colorectal tumors. Hence, our data suggest that the repression of p53 by Enterobacteria via TLR4 alleviates the selection pressure for p53 oncogenic mutations and shapes the genomic evolution of cancer.
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11
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Gu L, Zheng H, Zhao R, Zhang X, Wang Q. Diosgenin inhibits the proliferation of gastric cancer cells via inducing mesoderm posterior 1 down-regulation-mediated alternative reading frame expression. Hum Exp Toxicol 2021; 40:S632-S645. [PMID: 34806916 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211053292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Whether and how mesoderm posterior 1 (MESP1) plays a role in the proliferation of gastric cancer cells remain unclear. METHODS The expression of MESP1 was compared in 48 human gastric cancer tissues and adjacent normal tissues. Knockdown of MESP1 was performed to investigate the role of MESP1 in the proliferation and apoptosis of BGC-823 and MGC-803 gastric cancer cells. Knockdown of alternative reading frame (ARF) was performed to study the role of ARF in the inhibitory effect of MESP1 knockdown on cell proliferation in gastric cancer cells. Mouse subcutaneous xenograft tumor model bearing BGC-823 cells was used to investigate the role of MESP1 in the growth of gastric tumor in vivo. The effect of seven active ingredients from T. terrestris on MESP1 expression was tested. The anti-cancer effect of diosgenin was confirmed in gastric cancer cells. MESP1 dependence of the anti-cancer effect of diosgenin was confirmed by MESP1 knockdown. RESULTS MESP1 was highly expressed in human gastric cancer tissues (p < 0.05). MESP1 knockdown induced apoptosis and up-regulated the expression of ARF in gastric cancer cells (p < 0.05). Knockdown of ARF attenuated the anti-cancer effect of MESP1 knockdown (p < 0.05). In addition, MESP1 knockdown also suppressed tumor growth in vivo (p < 0.05). Diosgenin inhibits both mRNA and protein expression of MESP1 (p < 0.05). MESP1 knockdown attenuated the anti-cancer effect of diosgenin (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS MESP1 promotes the proliferation of gastric cancer cells via inhibiting ARF expression. Diosgenin exerts anti-cancer effect through inhibiting MESP1 expression in gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gu
- Department of Gastroenterology, 74540The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Hailun Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, 74540The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, 74540The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, 74540The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Qizhi Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, 74540The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, P. R. China
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Lu SY, Guo S, Chai SB, Yang JQ, Yue Y, Li H, Sun PM, Zhang T, Sun HW, Zhou JL, Yang JW, Yang HM, Li ZP, Cui Y. Autophagy in Gastric Mucosa: The Dual Role and Potential Therapeutic Target. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2648065. [PMID: 34195260 PMCID: PMC8214476 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2648065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of stomach diseases is very high, which has a significant impact on human health. Damaged gastric mucosa is more vulnerable to injury, leading to bleeding and perforation, which eventually aggravates the primary disease. Therefore, the protection of gastric mucosa is crucial. However, existing drugs that protect gastric mucosa can cause nonnegligible side effects, such as hepatic inflammation, nephritis, hypoacidity, impotence, osteoporotic bone fracture, and hypergastrinemia. Autophagy, as a major intracellular lysosome-dependent degradation process, plays a key role in maintaining intracellular homeostasis and resisting environmental pressure, which may be a potential therapeutic target for protecting gastric mucosa. Recent studies have demonstrated that autophagy played a dual role when gastric mucosa exposed to biological and chemical factors. More indepth studies are needed on the protective effect of autophagy in gastric mucosa. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms and the dual role of various biological and chemical factors regulating autophagy, such as Helicobacter pylori, virus, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. And we summarize the pathophysiological properties and pharmacological strategies for the protection of gastric mucosa through autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Yu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Song Guo
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shao-Bin Chai
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jia-Qi Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuan Yue
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pei-Ming Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Hong-Wei Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jin-Lian Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian-Wu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - He-Ming Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zheng-Peng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Cui
- Department of General Surgery, The 306th Hospital of PLA-Peking University Teaching Hospital, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of General Surgery, Strategic Support Force Medical Center, Beijing 100101, China
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13
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Sokolova O, Naumann M. Manifold role of ubiquitin in Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:4765-4783. [PMID: 33825941 PMCID: PMC8195768 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03816-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Infection with H. pylori induces a strong host cellular response represented by induction of a set of molecular signaling pathways, expression of proinflammatory cytokines and changes in proliferation. Chronic infection and inflammation accompanied by secretory dysfunction can result in the development of gastric metaplasia and gastric cancer. Currently, it has been determined that the regulation of many cellular processes involves ubiquitinylation of molecular effectors. The binding of ubiquitin allows the substrate to undergo a change in function, to interact within multimolecular signaling complexes and/or to be degraded. Dysregulation of the ubiquitinylation machinery contributes to several pathologies, including cancer. It is not understood in detail how H. pylori impacts the ubiquitinylation of host substrate proteins. The aim of this review is to summarize the existing literature in this field, with an emphasis on the role of E3 ubiquitin ligases in host cell homeodynamics, gastric pathophysiology and gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Sokolova
- Medical Faculty, Otto Von Guericke University, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Naumann
- Medical Faculty, Otto Von Guericke University, Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
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14
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Palrasu M, Zaika E, El-Rifai W, Que J, Zaika AI. Role of Bacterial and Viral Pathogens in Gastric Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1878. [PMID: 33919876 PMCID: PMC8070847 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the deadliest malignancies worldwide. In contrast to many other tumor types, gastric carcinogenesis is tightly linked to infectious events. Infections with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacterium and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are the two most investigated risk factors for GC. These pathogens infect more than half of the world's population. Fortunately, only a small fraction of infected individuals develops GC, suggesting high complexity of tumorigenic processes in the human stomach. Recent studies suggest that the multifaceted interplay between microbial, environmental, and host genetic factors underlies gastric tumorigenesis. Many aspects of these interactions still remain unclear. In this review, we update on recent discoveries, focusing on the roles of various gastric pathogens and gastric microbiome in tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Palrasu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.P.); (E.Z.); (W.E.-R.)
| | - Elena Zaika
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.P.); (E.Z.); (W.E.-R.)
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.P.); (E.Z.); (W.E.-R.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Jianwen Que
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Alexander I. Zaika
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA; (M.P.); (E.Z.); (W.E.-R.)
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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15
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Gastric Cancer: Advances in Carcinogenesis Research and New Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073418. [PMID: 33810350 PMCID: PMC8037554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer’s bad incidence, prognosis, cellular and molecular heterogeneity amongst others make this disease a major health issue worldwide. Understanding this affliction is a priority for proper patients’ management and for the development of efficient therapeutical strategies. This review gives an overview of major scientific advances, made during the past 5-years, to improve the comprehension of gastric adenocarcinoma. A focus was made on the different actors of gastric carcinogenesis, including, Helicobacter pylori cancer stem cells, tumour microenvironment and microbiota. New and recent potential biomarkers were assessed as well as emerging therapeutical strategies involving cancer stem cells targeting as well as immunotherapy. Finally, recent experimental models to study this highly complex disease were discussed, highlighting the importance of gastric cancer understanding in the hard-fought struggle against cancer relapse, metastasis and bad prognosis.
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16
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Singh S, Ng J, Sivaraman J. Exploring the "Other" subfamily of HECT E3-ligases for therapeutic intervention. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 224:107809. [PMID: 33607149 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The HECT E3 ligase family regulates key cellular signaling pathways, with its 28 members divided into three subfamilies: NEDD4 subfamily (9 members), HERC subfamily (6 members) and "Other" subfamily (13 members). Here, we focus on the less-explored "Other" subfamily and discuss the recent findings pertaining to their biological roles. The N-terminal regions preceding the conserved HECT domains are significantly diverse in length and sequence composition, and are mostly unstructured, except for short regions that incorporate known substrate-binding domains. In some of the better-characterized "Other" members (e.g., HUWE1, AREL1 and UBE3C), structure analysis shows that the extended region (~ aa 50) adjacent to the HECT domain affects the stability and activity of the protein. The enzymatic activity is also influenced by interactions with different adaptor proteins and inter/intramolecular interactions. Primarily, the "Other" subfamily members assemble atypical ubiquitin linkages, with some cooperating with E3 ligases from the other subfamilies to form branched ubiquitin chains on substrates. Viruses and pathogenic bacteria target and hijack the activities of "Other" subfamily members to evade host immune responses and cause diseases. As such, these HECT E3 ligases have emerged as potential candidates for therapeutic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Joel Ng
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - J Sivaraman
- Department of Biological Sciences, 14 Science Drive 4, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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17
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Palrasu M, Zaika E, El-Rifai W, Garcia-Buitrago M, Piazuelo MB, Wilson KT, Peek RM, Zaika AI. Bacterial CagA protein compromises tumor suppressor mechanisms in gastric epithelial cells. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:2422-2434. [PMID: 32250340 DOI: 10.1172/jci130015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately half of the world's population is infected with the stomach pathogen Helicobacter pylori. Infection with H. pylori is the main risk factor for distal gastric cancer. Bacterial virulence factors, such as the oncoprotein CagA, augment cancer risk. Yet despite high infection rates, only a fraction of H. pylori-infected individuals develop gastric cancer. This raises the question of defining the specific host and bacterial factors responsible for gastric tumorigenesis. To investigate the tumorigenic determinants, we analyzed gastric tissues from human subjects and animals infected with H. pylori bacteria harboring different CagA status. For laboratory studies, well-defined H. pylori strain B128 and its cancerogenic derivative strain 7.13, as well as various bacterial isogenic mutants were employed. We found that H. pylori compromises key tumor suppressor mechanisms: the host stress and apoptotic responses. Our studies showed that CagA induces phosphorylation of XIAP E3 ubiquitin ligase, which enhances ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of the host proapoptotic factor Siva1. This process is mediated by the PI3K/Akt pathway. Inhibition of Siva1 by H. pylori increases survival of human cells with damaged DNA. It occurs in a strain-specific manner and is associated with the ability to induce gastric tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manikandan Palrasu
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Elena Zaika
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Wael El-Rifai
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Monica Garcia-Buitrago
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Maria Blanca Piazuelo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Keith T Wilson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, VA Tennessee Valley Health Care System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Richard M Peek
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alexander I Zaika
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, Florida, USA
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18
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Huang B, Mu P, Yu Y, Zhu W, Jiang T, Deng R, Feng G, Wen J, Zhu X, Deng Y. Inhibition of EZH2 and activation of ERRγ synergistically suppresses gastric cancer by inhibiting FOXM1 signaling pathway. Gastric Cancer 2021; 24:72-84. [PMID: 32529327 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-020-01097-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, because of the low efficacy of current therapeutic strategies. Estrogen-related receptor γ (ERRγ) was previously showed as a suppressor of GC. However, the mechanism and effective therapeutic method based on ERRγ is yet to be developed. METHODS The expression levels of ERRγ, EZH2, and FOXM1 were detected by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR, and western blot. The regulatory mechanisms of ERRγ and FOXM1 were analyzed by ChIP, EMSA, and siRNA. The effects of EZH2 inhibitor (GSK126) or/and ERRγ agonist (DY131) on the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer cell lines were examined by cell proliferation, transwell migration, wound healing, and colony formation assays. Meanwhile, the inhibitory effects of GSK126 or/and DY131 on tumor growth were analyzed by xenograft tumor growth assay. RESULTS The expression of ERRγ was suppressed in tumor tissues of GC patients and positively correlated with prognosis, as opposed to that of EZH2 and FOXM1. EZH2 transcriptionally suppressed ERRγ via H3K27me3, which subsequently activated the expression of master oncogene FOXM1. The combination of GSK126 and DY131 synergistically activated ERRγ expression, which subsequently inhibited the expression of FOXM1 and its regulated pathways. Synergistic combination of GSK126 and DY131 significantly inhibited the tumorigenesis of GC cell lines and suppressed the growth of GC xenograft. CONCLUSION The FOXM1 signaling pathway underlying the ERRγ-mediated gastric cancer suppression was identified. Furthermore, combined treatment with EZH2 inhibitor and ERRγ agonist synergistically suppressed GC progression by inhibiting this signaling pathway, suggesting its high potential in treating GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Peiqiang Mu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Wenya Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Tianqing Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Rong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Gongkan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jikai Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.
| | - Yiqun Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Function and Regulation in Agricultural Organisms, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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19
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Feng C, Lv PP, Huang CC, Yang SQ, Yao QP, Shen JM, Jin M. Sperm parameters and anti-Müllerian hormone remain stable with Helicobacter pylori infection: a cross-sectional study. BMC Urol 2020; 20:188. [PMID: 33243200 PMCID: PMC7690008 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-020-00725-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS It has been reported that Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection was more prevalent in infertile populations. HP infection could lead to decreased sperm parameters, and treating the HP infection could improve the quality of sperm. However, studies investigating the relationship between infertility and HP infection are still limited, and more evidence is required. Therefore, we performed the present study to investigate the impact of HP infection on sperm quality in males and on ovarian reserve in females. METHODS A total of 16,522 patients who visited the Second Hospital of Zhejiang University from January 2016 to June 2019 due to abdominal discomfort and underwent a 13/14C-urea breath HP test were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study. Among them, 565 had performed sperm analysis or ovarian reserve tests in the past three months and were involved for further analyses. Sperm parameters were examined with a computer-assisted sperm analysis system, and serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and sex hormones were tested with an electrochemiluminescence method. RESULTS Among 363 patients who underwent the sperm test, 136 (37.47%) had HP infection. Among 202 patients who underwent the AMH test, 55 (27.23%) had HP infection. There was no difference in sperm concentration and motility between the HP+ and HP- groups (P > 0.05). Further subgroup analyses stratified into 5-year age groups confirmed that there was no significant difference in sperm parameters (P > 0.05). When pooled with previously published data, no significant difference in sperm concentration or motility was found (P > 0.05). Meanwhile, this study found that the serum AMH level was similar between the HP+ and HP- groups (P > 0.05). Further subgroup analyses confirmed that there was no significant difference in serum AMH level (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS There were no differences in sperm parameters and AMH levels based on history of HP infection among Chinese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Feng
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ping-Ping Lv
- The Women's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chang-Chang Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Song-Qing Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiu-Ping Yao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin-Ming Shen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, 54 Youdian Road, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Min Jin
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
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20
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Brunet M, Vargas C, Larrieu D, Torrisani J, Dufresne M. E3 Ubiquitin Ligase TRIP12: Regulation, Structure, and Physiopathological Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228515. [PMID: 33198194 PMCID: PMC7697007 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The Thyroid hormone Receptor Interacting Protein 12 (TRIP12) protein belongs to the 28-member Homologous to the E6-AP C-Terminus (HECT) E3 ubiquitin ligase family. First described as an interactor of the thyroid hormone receptor, TRIP12’s biological importance was revealed by the embryonic lethality of a murine model bearing an inactivating mutation in the TRIP12 gene. Further studies showed the participation of TRIP12 in the regulation of major biological processes such as cell cycle progression, DNA damage repair, chromatin remodeling, and cell differentiation by an ubiquitination-mediated degradation of key protein substrates. Moreover, alterations of TRIP12 expression have been reported in cancers that can serve as predictive markers of therapeutic response. The TRIP12 gene is also referenced as a causative gene associated to intellectual disorders such as Clark–Baraitser syndrome and is clearly implicated in Autism Spectrum Disorder. The aim of the review is to provide an exhaustive and integrated overview of the different aspects of TRIP12 ranging from its regulation, molecular functions and physio-pathological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Brunet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CEDEX 1, 31 037 Toulouse, France; (M.B.); (C.V.); (D.L.)
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, CEDEX 9, 31 062 Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Vargas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CEDEX 1, 31 037 Toulouse, France; (M.B.); (C.V.); (D.L.)
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, CEDEX 9, 31 062 Toulouse, France
| | - Dorian Larrieu
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CEDEX 1, 31 037 Toulouse, France; (M.B.); (C.V.); (D.L.)
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, CEDEX 9, 31 062 Toulouse, France
| | - Jérôme Torrisani
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CEDEX 1, 31 037 Toulouse, France; (M.B.); (C.V.); (D.L.)
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, CEDEX 9, 31 062 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (M.D.); Tel.: +33-582-741-644 (J.T.); +33-582-741-643 (M.D.)
| | - Marlène Dufresne
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unit 1037, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse, CEDEX 1, 31 037 Toulouse, France; (M.B.); (C.V.); (D.L.)
- Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, CEDEX 9, 31 062 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (M.D.); Tel.: +33-582-741-644 (J.T.); +33-582-741-643 (M.D.)
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21
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Xie C, Li N, Wang H, He C, Hu Y, Peng C, Ouyang Y, Wang D, Xie Y, Chen J, Shu X, Zhu Y, Lu N. Inhibition of autophagy aggravates DNA damage response and gastric tumorigenesis via Rad51 ubiquitination in response to H. pylori infection. Gut Microbes 2020; 11:1567-1589. [PMID: 32588736 PMCID: PMC7524160 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1774311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the strongest known risk factor for the development of gastric cancer. DNA damage response (DDR) and autophagy play key roles in tumorigenic transformation. However, it remains unclear how H. pylori modulate DDR and autophagy in gastric carcinogenesis. Here we report that H. pylori infection promotes DNA damage via suppression of Rad51 expression through inhibition of autophagy and accumulation of p62 in gastric carcinogenesis. We find that H. pylori activated DNA damage pathway in concert with downregulation of repair protein Rad51 in gastric cells, C57BL/6 mice and Mongolian gerbils. In addition, autophagy was increased early and then decreased gradually during the duration of H. pylori infection in vitro in a CagA-dependent manner. Moreover, loss of autophagy led to promotion of DNA damage in H. pylori-infected cells. Furthermore, knockdown of autophagic substrate p62 upregulated Rad51 expression, and p62 promoted Rad51 ubiquitination via the direct interaction of its UBA domain. Finally, H. pylori infection was associated with elevated levels of p62 in gastric intestinal metaplasia and decreased levels of Rad51 in dysplasia compared to their H. pylori- counterparts. Our findings provide a novel mechanism into the linkage of H. pylori infection, autophagy, DNA damage and gastric tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nianshuang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China,Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Cong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China,Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Chao Peng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yaobin Ouyang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Dejie Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yong Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China,Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China,Institute of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xu Shu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Nonghua Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China,CONTACT NongHua Lu Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province330006, China
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Post-Translational Regulation of ARF: Perspective in Cancer. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10081143. [PMID: 32759846 PMCID: PMC7465197 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis can be induced by various stresses that cause aberrant DNA mutations and unhindered cell proliferation. Under such conditions, normal cells autonomously induce defense mechanisms, thereby stimulating tumor suppressor activation. ARF, encoded by the CDKN2a locus, is one of the most frequently mutated or deleted tumor suppressors in human cancer. The safeguard roles of ARF in tumorigenesis are mainly mediated via the MDM2-p53 axis, which plays a prominent role in tumor suppression. Under normal conditions, low p53 expression is stringently regulated by its target gene, MDM2 E3 ligase, which induces p53 degradation in a ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent manner. Oncogenic signals induced by MYC, RAS, and E2Fs trap MDM2 in the inhibited state by inducing ARF expression as a safeguard measure, thereby activating the tumor-suppressive function of p53. In addition to the MDM2-p53 axis, ARF can also interact with diverse proteins and regulate various cellular functions, such as cellular senescence, apoptosis, and anoikis, in a p53-independent manner. As the evidence indicating ARF as a key tumor suppressor has been accumulated, there is growing evidence that ARF is sophisticatedly fine-tuned by the diverse factors through transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms. In this review, we mainly focused on how cancer cells employ transcriptional and post-translational regulatory mechanisms to manipulate ARF activities to circumvent the tumor-suppressive function of ARF. We further discussed the clinical implications of ARF in human cancer.
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23
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Silwal P, Kim YS, Basu J, Jo EK. The roles of microRNAs in regulation of autophagy during bacterial infection. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 101:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cancer-associated fibroblasts-derived VCAM1 induced by H. pylori infection facilitates tumor invasion in gastric cancer. Oncogene 2020; 39:2961-2974. [PMID: 32034307 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1197-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a major role in the progression of stomach cancer, but the related mechanisms are not fully understood. H. pylori infection is recognized as one of the strongest risk factors for gastric carcinoma, but its effects on CAFs remain unknown. We aimed to determine the causative relationship between H. pylori infection in fibroblasts and the promoted cancer pathogenesis and progression in gastric cancer. Primary CAFs and normal activated fibroblasts (NAFs) were generated from gastric cancer patients. Gene signature of H. pylori-infected human stomach fibroblasts was performed using the RNA-seq analysis. Spheroid cell invasion assay and zebrafish cell line-derived xenograft (zCDX) model were introduced to evaluate tumor invasion induced by CAFs. The molecule interactions were determined using the kinetic binding analysis with the Biolayer Interferometry (BLI). Clinical significance and relevance were also assessed using the database analyses. H. pylori infection activated stomach fibroblasts and caused multiple gene alterations, including vascular adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). H. pylori infection increased VCAM1 expression in CAFs in gastric carcinoma via activation of JAK/STAT1 signaling pathway, and VCAM1 levels were positively associated with tumor progression and dismal prognosis in stomach cancer patients. Furthermore, CAFs-derived VCAM1 molecularly interacted with integrin αvβ1/5 in gastric cancer cells facilitated tumor invasion in vitro and in vivo. Our results identify a novel mechanism underlying CAFs to promote tumor invasion during H. pylori infection. These studies facilitate us for a better understanding of the molecular process of gastric carcinoma progression, and provide the potential strategies for gastric cancer therapy.
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25
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Molecular anatomy and pathogenic actions of Helicobacter pylori CagA that underpin gastric carcinogenesis. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:50-63. [PMID: 31804619 PMCID: PMC6952403 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0339-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori cagA-positive strains is the strongest risk factor for gastric cancer. The cagA gene product, CagA, is delivered into gastric epithelial cells via the bacterial type IV secretion system. Delivered CagA then undergoes tyrosine phosphorylation at the Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motifs in its C-terminal region and acts as an oncogenic scaffold protein that physically interacts with multiple host signaling proteins in both tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent and -independent manners. Analysis of CagA using in vitro cultured gastric epithelial cells has indicated that the nonphysiological scaffolding actions of CagA cell-autonomously promote the malignant transformation of the cells by endowing the cells with multiple phenotypic cancer hallmarks: sustained proliferation, evasion of growth suppressors, invasiveness, resistance to cell death, and genomic instability. Transgenic expression of CagA in mice leads to in vivo oncogenic action of CagA without any overt inflammation. The in vivo oncogenic activity of CagA is further potentiated in the presence of chronic inflammation. Since Helicobacter pylori infection triggers a proinflammatory response in host cells, a feedforward stimulation loop that augments the oncogenic actions of CagA and inflammation is created in CagA-injected gastric mucosa. Given that Helicobacter pylori is no longer colonized in established gastric cancer lesions, the multistep nature of gastric cancer development should include a “hit-and-run” process of CagA action. Thus, acquisition of genetic and epigenetic alterations that compensate for CagA-directed cancer hallmarks may be required for completion of the “hit-and-run” process of gastric carcinogenesis.
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Abstract
Gastric cancer is the third deadliest cancer in the world, and the absolute number of cases is increasing every year due to aging and growing of high-risk populations. This disease is a consequence of the complex interaction of microbial agents, with environmental and host factors, resulting in the dysregulation of multiple oncogenic and tumor-suppressing signaling pathways. Despite the advances in our understanding of carcinogenesis, there are still reduced therapeutic options for patients with gastric cancer. In recent years, genomic analyses of gastric tumors have emphasized their molecular heterogeneity. The distinction of gastric cancer molecular subtypes may be a key to identify novel therapeutic targets, to predict patient outcome and response to therapy, and to guide early diagnosis strategies. In this review, we summarize the most recent updates on the relationship between microbial agents and gastric cancer, in particular, Helicobacter pylori, the non-H pylori microbiome, and Epstein-Barr virus. We also highlight the main advances made in the past year regarding the molecular characterization of gastric cancer, especially the signatures with potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jose C Machado
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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27
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Shi Y, Yang Z, Zhang T, Shen L, Li Y, Ding S. SIRT1-targeted miR-543 autophagy inhibition and epithelial-mesenchymal transition promotion in Helicobacter pylori CagA-associated gastric cancer. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:625. [PMID: 31423013 PMCID: PMC6698481 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1859-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is an important cause of death worldwide with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) considered a leading and known risk factor for its development. More particularly and despite the underlying mechanisms not being very clear, studies have revealed that the H. pylori cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) protein plays a key role in this process. In this study it was found that H. pylori increased the expression of miR-543 in human gastric cancer tissue when compared with H. pylori-negative gastric cancer tissue samples. In vitro experiments showed that increased expression of miR-543 induced by CagA is a strong promoter of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Conversely, a miR-543 inhibitor suppressed or reversed these effects. It was furthermore found that silencing miR-543 inhibited autophagy and led to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) under in vitro. The mechanisms by which miR-543 targets SIRT1 to downregulate autophagy was also described. The results suggest that in the progression of H. pylori-associated gastric cancer, CagA induces overexpression of miR-543, which subsequently targets SIRT1 to suppress autophagy. This may be followed by increased expression of EMT causing cell migration and invasion. Consequently, miR-543 might be considered a therapeutic target for H. pylori-associated gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Shi
- Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ziwei Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, Liaoning, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Peking University Health Science Center, 100191, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lijuan Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, 810001, Xining, PR China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Shigang Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, 100191, Beijing, PR China.
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28
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Fontana R, Ranieri M, La Mantia G, Vivo M. Dual Role of the Alternative Reading Frame ARF Protein in Cancer. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E87. [PMID: 30836703 PMCID: PMC6468759 DOI: 10.3390/biom9030087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The CDKN2a/ARF locus expresses two partially overlapping transcripts that encode two distinct proteins, namely p14ARF (p19Arf in mouse) and p16INK4a, which present no sequence identity. Initial data obtained in mice showed that both proteins are potent tumor suppressors. In line with a tumor-suppressive role, ARF-deficient mice develop lymphomas, sarcomas, and adenocarcinomas, with a median survival rate of one year of age. In humans, the importance of ARF inactivation in cancer is less clear whereas a more obvious role has been documented for p16INK4a. Indeed, many alterations in human tumors result in the elimination of the entire locus, while the majority of point mutations affect p16INK4a. Nevertheless, specific mutations of p14ARF have been described in different types of human cancers such as colorectal and gastric carcinomas, melanoma and glioblastoma. The activity of the tumor suppressor ARF has been shown to rely on both p53-dependent and independent functions. However, novel data collected in the last years has challenged the traditional and established role of this protein as a tumor suppressor. In particular, tumors retaining ARF expression evolve to metastatic and invasive phenotypes and in humans are associated with a poor prognosis. In this review, the recent evidence and the molecular mechanisms of a novel role played by ARF will be presented and discussed, both in pathological and physiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Fontana
- Department of Pharmacology, Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Michela Ranieri
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA.
| | - Girolama La Mantia
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Vivo
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
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29
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Revisiting Bacterial Ubiquitin Ligase Effectors: Weapons for Host Exploitation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113576. [PMID: 30428531 PMCID: PMC6274744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein ubiquitylation plays a central role in eukaryotic cell physiology. It is involved in several regulatory processes, ranging from protein folding or degradation, subcellular localization of proteins, vesicular trafficking and endocytosis to DNA repair, cell cycle, innate immunity, autophagy, and apoptosis. As such, it is reasonable that pathogens have developed a way to exploit such a crucial system to enhance their virulence against the host. Hence, bacteria have evolved a wide range of effectors capable of mimicking the main players of the eukaryotic ubiquitin system, in particular ubiquitin ligases, by interfering with host physiology. Here, we give an overview of this topic and, in particular, we detail and discuss the mechanisms developed by pathogenic bacteria to hijack the host ubiquitination system for their own benefit.
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