1
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Bakrania A, Mo Y, Zheng G, Bhat M. RNA nanomedicine in liver diseases. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00569. [PMID: 37725757 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable impact of RNA nanomedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the expansive therapeutic potential of this field in diverse disease contexts. In recent years, RNA nanomedicine targeting the liver has been paradigm-shifting in the management of metabolic diseases such as hyperoxaluria and amyloidosis. RNA nanomedicine has significant potential in the management of liver diseases, where optimal management would benefit from targeted delivery, doses titrated to liver metabolism, and personalized therapy based on the specific site of interest. In this review, we discuss in-depth the different types of RNA and nanocarriers used for liver targeting along with their specific applications in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, liver fibrosis, and liver cancers. We further highlight the strategies for cell-specific delivery and future perspectives in this field of research with the emergence of small activating RNA, circular RNA, and RNA base editing approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bakrania
- Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yulin Mo
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mamatha Bhat
- Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University Health Network and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Yao S, Kasargod A, Chiu R, Torgerson TR, Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Dery KJ. The Coming Age of Antisense Oligos for the Treatment of Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion (IRI) and Other Liver Disorders: Role of Oxidative Stress and Potential Antioxidant Effect. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:678. [PMID: 38929116 PMCID: PMC11200799 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Imbalances in the redox state of the liver arise during metabolic processes, inflammatory injuries, and proliferative liver disorders. Acute exposure to intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) results from high levels of oxidative stress (OxS) that occur in response to hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and metabolic diseases of the liver. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are an emerging class of gene expression modulators that target RNA molecules by Watson-Crick binding specificity, leading to RNA degradation, splicing modulation, and/or translation interference. Here, we review ASO inhibitor/activator strategies to modulate transcription and translation that control the expression of enzymes, transcription factors, and intracellular sensors of DNA damage. Several small-interfering RNA (siRNA) drugs with N-acetyl galactosamine moieties for the liver have recently been approved. Preclinical studies using short-activating RNAs (saRNAs), phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs), and locked nucleic acids (LNAs) are at the forefront of proof-in-concept therapeutics. Future research targeting intracellular OxS-related pathways in the liver may help realize the promise of precision medicine, revolutionizing the customary approach to caring for and treating individuals afflicted with liver-specific conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth J. Dery
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplantation Center, Department of Surgery, Division of Liver and Pancreas Transplantation, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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3
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Andrikakou P, Reebye V, Vasconcelos D, Yoon S, Voutila J, George AJT, Swiderski P, Habib R, Catley M, Blakey D, Habib NA, Rossi JJ, Huang KW. Enhancing SIRT1 Gene Expression Using Small Activating RNAs: A Novel Approach for Reversing Metabolic Syndrome. Nucleic Acid Ther 2022; 32:486-496. [PMID: 35895511 DOI: 10.1089/nat.2021.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a pathological condition characterized by abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a highly conserved histone deacetylase, is characterized as a key metabolic regulator and protector against aging-associated pathologies, including MetS. In this study, we investigate the therapeutic potential of activating SIRT1 using small activating RNAs (saRNA), thereby reducing inflammatory-like responses and re-establishing normal lipid metabolism. SIRT1 saRNA significantly increased SIRT1 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels in both lipopolysaccharide-stimulated and nonstimulated macrophages. SIRT1 saRNA significantly decreased inflammatory-like responses, by reducing mRNA levels of key inflammatory cytokines, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha, Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and chemokines Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and keratinocyte chemoattractant. SIRT1 overexpression also significantly reduced phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase, both key signaling molecules for the inflammatory pathway. To investigate the therapeutic effect of SIRT1 upregulation, we treated a high-fat diet model with SIRT1 saRNA conjugated to a transferrin receptor aptamer for delivery to the liver and cellular internalization. Animals in the SIRT1 saRNA treatment arm demonstrated significantly decreased weight gain with a significant reduction in white adipose tissue, triglycerides, fasting glucose levels, and intracellular lipid accumulation. These suggest treatment-induced changes to lipid and glucose metabolism in the animals. The results of this study demonstrate that targeted activation of SIRT1 by saRNAs is a potential strategy to reverse MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi Andrikakou
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Vikash Reebye
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Vasconcelos
- MiNA Therapeutics Limited, London, United Kingdom.,Center for Drug Discovery and Innovative Medicines (MedInUP), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sorah Yoon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Jon Voutila
- MiNA Therapeutics Limited, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Piotr Swiderski
- DNA/RNA Synthesis Core Facility, Department of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Robert Habib
- MiNA Therapeutics Limited, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Blakey
- MiNA Therapeutics Limited, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nagy A Habib
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.,MiNA Therapeutics Limited, London, United Kingdom
| | - John J Rossi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Kai-Wen Huang
- Department of Surgery, Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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4
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Han BY, Liu Z, Hu X, Ling H. HNRNPU promotes the progression of triple-negative breast cancer via RNA transcription and alternative splicing mechanisms. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:940. [PMID: 36347834 PMCID: PMC9643420 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05376-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a great detriment to women's health due to the lack of effective therapeutic targets. In this study, we employed an integrated genetic screen to identify a pivotal oncogenic factor, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein U (HNRNPU), which is required for the progression of TNBC. We elucidated the pro-oncogenic role of HNRNPU, which can induce the proliferation and migration of TNBC cells via its association with DEAD box helicase 5 (DDX5) protein. Elevated levels of the HNRNPU-DDX5 complex prohibited the intron retention of minichromosome maintenance protein 10 (MCM10) pre-mRNA, decreased nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, and activated Wnt/β-catenin signalling; on the other hand, HNRNPU-DDX5 is located in the transcriptional start sites (TSS) of LIM domain only protein 4 (LMO4) and its upregulation promoted the transcription of LMO4, consequently activating PI3K-Akt-mTOR signalling. Our data highlight the synergetic effects of HNRNPU in RNA transcription and splicing in regulating cancer progression and suggest that HNRNPU may act as a potential molecular target in the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-yue Han
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Zhebin Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Xin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Hong Ling
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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5
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Wang L, Feng J, Deng Y, Yang Q, Wei Q, Ye D, Rong X, Guo J. CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Proteins in Fibrosis: Complex Roles Beyond Conventional Understanding. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2022; 2022:9891689. [PMID: 36299447 PMCID: PMC9575473 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9891689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) are a family of at least six identified transcription factors that contain a highly conserved basic leucine zipper domain and interact selectively with duplex DNA to regulate target gene expression. C/EBPs play important roles in various physiological processes, and their abnormal function can lead to various diseases. Recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that aberrant C/EBP expression or activity is closely associated with the onset and progression of fibrosis in several organs and tissues. During fibrosis, various C/EBPs can exert distinct functions in the same organ, while the same C/EBP can exert distinct functions in different organs. Modulating C/EBP expression or activity could regulate various molecular processes to alleviate fibrosis in multiple organs; therefore, novel C/EBPs-based therapeutic methods for treating fibrosis have attracted considerable attention. In this review, we will explore the features of C/EBPs and their critical functions in fibrosis in order to highlight new avenues for the development of novel therapies targeting C/EBPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexun Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaojiao Feng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyue Deng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianqian Yang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Quxing Wei
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dewei Ye
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianglu Rong
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Metabolic Disease Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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6
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RNA splicing: a dual-edged sword for hepatocellular carcinoma. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 39:173. [PMID: 35972700 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
RNA splicing is the fundamental process that brings diversity at the transcriptome and proteome levels. The spliceosome complex regulates minor and major processes of RNA splicing. Aberrant regulation is often associated with different diseases, including diabetes, stroke, hypertension, and cancer. In the majority of cancers, dysregulated alternative RNA splicing (ARS) events directly affect tumor progression, invasiveness, and often lead to poor survival of the patients. Alike the rest of the gastrointestinal malignancies, in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which alone contributes to ~ 75% of the liver cancers, a large number of ARS events have been observed, including intron retention, exon skipping, presence of alternative 3'-splice site (3'SS), and alternative 5'-splice site (5'SS). These events are reported in spliceosome and non-spliceosome complexes genes. Molecules such as MCL1, Bcl-X, and BCL2 in different isoforms can behave as anti-apoptotic or pro-apoptotic, making the spliceosome complex a dual-edged sword. The anti-apoptotic isoforms of such molecules bring in resistance to chemotherapy or cornerstone drugs. However, in contrast, multiple malignant tumors, including HCC that target the pro-apoptotic favoring isoforms/variants favor apoptotic induction and make chemotherapy effective. Herein, we discuss different splicing events, aberrations, and antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) in modulating RNA splicing in HCC tumorigenesis with a possible therapeutic outcome.
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7
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A Mutation in Endogenous saRNA miR-23a Influences Granulosa Cells Response to Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11061174. [PMID: 35740072 PMCID: PMC9219974 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypes are the result of the interaction between the gene and the environment, so the response of individuals with different genotypes to an environment is variable. Here, we reported that a mutation in miR-23a influences granulosa cells (GCs) response to oxidative stress, a common mechanism of environmental factors affecting female reproduction. We showed that nuclear miR-23a is a pro-apoptotic miRNA in porcine GCs through the activation of the transcription and function of NORHA, a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) induces GC apoptosis and responses to oxidative stress. Mechanistically, miR-23a acts as an endogenous small activating RNA (saRNA) to alter histone modifications of the NORHA promoter through the direct binding to its core promoter. A C > T mutation was identified at −398 nt of the miR-23a core promoter, which created a novel binding site for the transcription factor SMAD4 and recruited the transcription repressor SMAD4 to inhibit miR-23a transcription and function in GCs. Notably, g.−398C > T mutation in the miR-23a promoter reduced GCs response to oxidative stress. In addition, g.−398C > T mutation was significantly associated with sow fertility traits. In short, our findings preliminarily revealed the genetic basis of individual differences in the response to oxidative stress from the perspective of a single mutation and identified miR-23a as a candidate gene for the environmental adaptation to oxidative stress.
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8
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Sevoflurane inhibits histone acetylation and contributes to cognitive dysfunction by enhancing the expression of ANP32A in aging mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 431:113949. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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9
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Halloy F, Biscans A, Bujold KE, Debacker A, Hill AC, Lacroix A, Luige O, Strömberg R, Sundstrom L, Vogel J, Ghidini A. Innovative developments and emerging technologies in RNA therapeutics. RNA Biol 2022; 19:313-332. [PMID: 35188077 PMCID: PMC8865321 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2027150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-based therapeutics are emerging as a powerful platform for the treatment of multiple diseases. Currently, the two main categories of nucleic acid therapeutics, antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), achieve their therapeutic effect through either gene silencing, splicing modulation or microRNA binding, giving rise to versatile options to target pathogenic gene expression patterns. Moreover, ongoing research seeks to expand the scope of RNA-based drugs to include more complex nucleic acid templates, such as messenger RNA, as exemplified by the first approved mRNA-based vaccine in 2020. The increasing number of approved sequences and ongoing clinical trials has attracted considerable interest in the chemical development of oligonucleotides and nucleic acids as drugs, especially since the FDA approval of the first siRNA drug in 2018. As a result, a variety of innovative approaches is emerging, highlighting the potential of RNA as one of the most prominent therapeutic tools in the drug design and development pipeline. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive summary of current efforts in academia and industry aimed at fully realizing the potential of RNA-based therapeutics. Towards this, we introduce established and emerging RNA-based technologies, with a focus on their potential as biosensors and therapeutics. We then describe their mechanisms of action and their application in different disease contexts, along with the strengths and limitations of each strategy. Since the nucleic acid toolbox is rapidly expanding, we also introduce RNA minimal architectures, RNA/protein cleavers and viral RNA as promising modalities for new therapeutics and discuss future directions for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Halloy
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Annabelle Biscans
- Oligonucleotide Chemistry, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&d, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Katherine E. Bujold
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, McMaster University, (Ontario), Canada
| | | | - Alyssa C. Hill
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Eth Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Lacroix
- Sixfold Bioscience, Translation & Innovation Hub, London, UK
| | - Olivia Luige
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Roger Strömberg
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Linda Sundstrom
- Mechanistic and Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&d, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jörg Vogel
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (Hiri), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (Hzi), Würzburg, Germany
- RNA Biology Group, Institute for Molecular Infection Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alice Ghidini
- Mechanistic and Structural Biology, Discovery Sciences, BioPharmaceuticals R&d, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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10
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Odeh HM, Fare CM, Shorter J. Nuclear-Import Receptors Counter Deleterious Phase Transitions in Neurodegenerative Disease. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167220. [PMID: 34464655 PMCID: PMC8748273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear-import receptors (NIRs) engage nuclear-localization signals (NLSs) of polypeptides in the cytoplasm and transport these cargo across the size-selective barrier of the nuclear-pore complex into the nucleoplasm. Beyond this canonical role in nuclear transport, NIRs operate in the cytoplasm to chaperone and disaggregate NLS-bearing clients. Indeed, NIRs can inhibit and reverse functional and deleterious phase transitions of their cargo, including several prominent neurodegenerative disease-linked RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) with prion-like domains (PrLDs), such as TDP-43, FUS, EWSR1, TAF15, hnRNPA1, and hnRNPA2. Importantly, elevated NIR expression can mitigate degenerative phenotypes connected to aberrant cytoplasmic aggregation of RBPs with PrLDs. Here, we review recent discoveries that NIRs can also antagonize aberrant interactions and toxicity of arginine-rich, dipeptide-repeat proteins that are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) caused by G4C2 hexanucleotide repeat expansions in the first intron of C9ORF72. We also highlight recent findings that multiple NIR family members can prevent and reverse liquid-liquid phase separation of specific clients bearing RGG motifs in an NLS-independent manner. Finally, we discuss strategies to enhance NIR activity or expression, which could have therapeutic utility for several neurodegenerative disorders, including ALS, FTD, multisystem proteinopathy, limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, tauopathies, and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Odeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charlotte M Fare
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. https://twitter.com/CharlotteFare
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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11
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Liu H, Huang Q, Lv Y, Dong Y, Song D. CEBPB knockdown sensitizes nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to cisplatin by promoting the expression of serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:e327-e335. [PMID: 34387602 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Serine protease inhibitor Kazal-type 5 (SPINK5) has been indicated to act as a prognostic predictor for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, its specific role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a malignancy that has a high propensity for chemoresistance, remains largely obscure. We, thus, sought to investigate the importance of SPINK5 expression in regulating chemoresistance in NPC. Differentially expressed genes in NPC were screened using the cancer genome atlas-head and neck squamous cell carcinoma database and microarray analysis. SPINK5 was downregulated in NPC tissues and cells. After SPINK5 upregulation, the cells treated with cisplatin showed reduced cell survival and the ability to migrate, invade and metastasize. Mechanistically, the transcription factors regulating SPINK5 were queried through the JASPAR website, followed by dual-luciferase and Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay validation. CCAAT enhancer-binding protein (CEBP) beta (CEBPB) bound to the SPINK5 promoter region in NPC cells. The silencing of CEBPB enhanced the expression of SPINK5. CEBPB overexpression reversed the inhibitory effects of cisplatin on NPC cell malignant phenotype in the presence of SPINK5 overexpression. In conclusion, CEBPB silencing promoted chemoresistance of NPC cells via activating SPINK5, signifying that targeting CEBPB was a new approach to enhance the chemotherapy efficacy in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Department of Oncology, Binzhou Central Hospital, Binzhou
| | - Qingli Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, Liaocheng People's Hospital
| | - Yunxia Lv
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yanggu People's Hospital, Liaocheng
| | - Youwei Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology, Juxian people's Hospital, Rizhao
| | - Daoliang Song
- Department of Otorhinolargology Head and Neck Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhang B, Liu ZY, Wu R, Zhang CM, Cao K, Shan WG, Liu Z, Ji M, Tian ZL, Sethi G, Shi HL, Wang RH. Transcriptional regulator CTR9 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression and metastasis via increasing PEG10 transcriptional activity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 43:2109-2118. [PMID: 34876700 PMCID: PMC9343652 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00812-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cln Three Requiring 9 (CTR9), a scaffold protein of the polymerase-associated factor-1 (PAF1) complex (PAF1c), is primarily localized in the nucleus of cells. Recent studies show that CTR9 plays essential roles in the development of various human cancers and their occurrence; however, its regulatory roles and precise mechanisms in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the roles of CTR9 using in vitro assays and a xenograft mouse model. We found that CTR9 protein is upregulated in tumor tissues from HCC patients. Knockdown of CTR9 substantially reduced HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, whereas its overexpression promoted these activities. In addition, in vitro results revealed that CTR9 silencing dramatically increased cell cycle regulators, p21 and p27, but markedly decreased matrix metalloproteinases, MMP2 and MMP9, with these outcomes reversed upon CTR9 overexpression. Furthermore, the underlying molecular mechanism suggests that CTR9 promoted the oncogene paternally expressed gene 10 (PEG10) transcription via its promoter region. Finally, the oncogenic roles of CTR9 were confirmed in a xenograft mouse model. This study confirms that CTR9, an oncoprotein that promotes HCC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, increases tumor growth in a xenograft mouse model. CTR9 could be a novel therapeutic target. Further investigation is warranted to verify CTR9 potential in novel therapies for HCC.
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13
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Jiang Y, Wu SY, Chen YL, Zhang ZM, Tao YF, Xie Y, Liao XM, Li XL, Li G, Wu D, Wang HR, Zuo R, Cao HB, Pan JJ, Yu JJ, Jia SQ, Zhang Z, Chu XR, Zhang YP, Feng CX, Wang JW, Hu SY, Li ZH, Pan J, Fang F, Lu J. CEBPG promotes acute myeloid leukemia progression by enhancing EIF4EBP1. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:598. [PMID: 34743716 PMCID: PMC8574011 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a myeloid neoplasm accounts for 7.6% of hematopoietic malignancies. AML is a complex disease, and understanding its pathophysiology is contributing to the improvement in the treatment and prognosis of AML. In this study, we assessed the expression profile and molecular functions of CCAAT enhancer binding protein gamma (CEBPG), a gene implicated in myeloid differentiation and AML progression. Methods shRNA mediated gene interference was used to down-regulate the expression of CEBPG in AML cell lines, and knockdown efficiency was detected by RT-qPCR and western blotting. The effect of knockdown on the growth of AML cell lines was evaluated by CCK-8. Western blotting was used to detect PARP cleavage, and flow cytometry were used to determine the effect of knockdown on apoptosis of AML cells. Genes and pathways affected by knockdown of CEBPG were identified by gene expression analysis using RNA-seq. One of the genes affected by knockdown of CEBPG was Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (EIF4EBP1), a known repressor of translation. Knockdown of EIF4EBP1 was used to assess its potential role in AML progression downstream of CEBPG. Results We explored the ChIP-Seq data of AML cell lines and non-AML hematopoietic cells, and found CEBPG was activated through its distal enhancer in AML cell lines. Using the public transcriptomic dataset, the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and western blotting, we also found CEBPG was overexpressed in AML. Moreover, we observed that CEBPG promotes AML cell proliferation by activating EIF4EBP1, thus contributing to the progression of AML. These findings indicate that CEBPG could act as a potential therapeutic target for AML patients. Conclusion In summary, we systematically explored the molecular characteristics of CEBPG in AML and identified CEBPG as a potential therapeutic target for AML patients. Our findings provide novel insights into the pathophysiology of AML and indicate a key role for CEBPG in promoting AML progression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-021-02305-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shui-Yan Wu
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China.,Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Yan-Ling Chen
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China.,School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Zi-Mu Zhang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Yan-Fang Tao
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Yi Xie
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Xin-Mei Liao
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Xiao-Lu Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Gen Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Hai-Rong Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Ran Zuo
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Hai-Bo Cao
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Jing-Jing Pan
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Juan-Juan Yu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Si-Qi Jia
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China.,School of Basic Medicine and Biological Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Xin-Ran Chu
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong-Ping Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen-Xi Feng
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Jian-Wei Wang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Shao-Yan Hu
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China.,Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Zhi-Heng Li
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China
| | - Jian Pan
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China. .,Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China.
| | - Fang Fang
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, China.
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, No.92 Zhongnan Street, SIP, Suzhou, 215003, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Tan CP, Sinigaglia L, Gomez V, Nicholls J, Habib NA. RNA Activation-A Novel Approach to Therapeutically Upregulate Gene Transcription. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216530. [PMID: 34770939 PMCID: PMC8586927 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA activation (RNAa) is a mechanism whereby RNA oligos complementary to genomic sequences around the promoter region of genes increase the transcription output of their target gene. Small activating RNA (saRNA) mediate RNAa through interaction with protein co-factors to facilitate RNA polymerase II activity and nucleosome remodeling. As saRNA are small, versatile and safe, they represent a new class of therapeutics that can rescue the downregulation of critical genes in disease settings. This review highlights our current understanding of saRNA biology and describes various examples of how saRNA are successfully used to treat various oncological, neurological and monogenic diseases. MTL-CEBPA, a first-in-class compound that reverses CEBPA downregulation in oncogenic processes using CEBPA-51 saRNA has entered clinical trial for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Preclinical models demonstrate that MTL-CEBPA reverses the immunosuppressive effects of myeloid cells and allows for the synergistic enhancement of other anticancer drugs. Encouraging results led to the initiation of a clinical trial combining MTL-CEBPA with a PD-1 inhibitor for treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Ping Tan
- MiNA Therapeutics Ltd., Translation & Innovation Hub, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; (C.P.T.); (L.S.); (V.G.); (J.N.)
| | - Laura Sinigaglia
- MiNA Therapeutics Ltd., Translation & Innovation Hub, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; (C.P.T.); (L.S.); (V.G.); (J.N.)
| | - Valentí Gomez
- MiNA Therapeutics Ltd., Translation & Innovation Hub, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; (C.P.T.); (L.S.); (V.G.); (J.N.)
| | - Joanna Nicholls
- MiNA Therapeutics Ltd., Translation & Innovation Hub, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; (C.P.T.); (L.S.); (V.G.); (J.N.)
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nagy A. Habib
- MiNA Therapeutics Ltd., Translation & Innovation Hub, 84 Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, UK; (C.P.T.); (L.S.); (V.G.); (J.N.)
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London W12 0NN, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)20-3313-8574
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15
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miR-2337 induces TGF-β1 production in granulosa cells by acting as an endogenous small activating RNA. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:253. [PMID: 34537818 PMCID: PMC8449777 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00644-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is essential for ovarian function and female fertility in mammals. Herein, we identified three completely linked variants, including two known variants referred to as c.1583A > G and c.1587A > G and the novel variant c.2074A > C in the porcine TGF-β1 3′-UTR. An important role of these variants in Yorkshire sow fertility was revealed. Variants c.1583A > G and c.1587A > G were located at the miRNA response element (MRE) of miR-2337 and affected miR-2337 regulation of TGF-β1 3′-UTR activity. Interestingly, miR-2337 induces, not reduces the transcription and production of TGF-β1 in granulosa cells (GCs). Mechanistically, miR-2337 enhances TGF-β1 promoter activity via the MRE motif in the core promoter region and alters histone modifications, including H3K4me2, H3K4me3, H3K9me2, and H3K9ac. In addition, miR-2337 controls TGF-β1-mediated activity of the TGF-β signaling pathway and GC apoptosis. Taken together, our findings identify miR-2337 as an endogenous small activating RNA (saRNA) of TGF-β1 in GCs, while miR-2337 is identified as a small activator of the TGF-β signaling pathway which is expected to be a new target for rescuing GC apoptosis and treating low fertility.
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16
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Up-regulation of the manganese transporter SLC30A10 by hypoxia-inducible factors defines a homeostatic response to manganese toxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2107673118. [PMID: 34446561 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107673118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is an essential metal that induces incurable parkinsonism at elevated levels. However, unlike other essential metals, mechanisms that regulate mammalian Mn homeostasis are poorly understood, which has limited therapeutic development. Here, we discovered that the exposure of mice to a translationally relevant oral Mn regimen up-regulated expression of SLC30A10, a critical Mn efflux transporter, in the liver and intestines. Mechanistic studies in cell culture, including primary human hepatocytes, revealed that 1) elevated Mn transcriptionally up-regulated SLC30A10, 2) a hypoxia response element in the SLC30A10 promoter was necessary, 3) the transcriptional activities of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1 or HIF2 were required and sufficient for the SLC30A10 response, 4) elevated Mn activated HIF1/HIF2 by blocking the prolyl hydroxylation of HIF proteins necessary for their degradation, and 5) blocking the Mn-induced up-regulation of SLC30A10 increased intracellular Mn levels and enhanced Mn toxicity. Finally, prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors that stabilize HIF proteins and are in advanced clinical trials for other diseases reduced intracellular Mn levels and afforded cellular protection against Mn toxicity and also ameliorated the in vivo Mn-induced neuromotor deficits in mice. These findings define a fundamental homeostatic protective response to Mn toxicity-elevated Mn levels activate HIF1 and HIF2 to up-regulate SLC30A10, which in turn reduces cellular and organismal Mn levels, and further indicate that it may be possible to repurpose prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors for the management of Mn neurotoxicity.
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17
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García-Chávez JN, Vásquez-Garzón VR, López MG, Villa-Treviño S, Montiel R. Integration of chronological omics data reveals mitochondrial regulatory mechanisms during the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256016. [PMID: 34383828 PMCID: PMC8360386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria participate in multiple functions in eukaryotic cells. Although disruption of mitochondrial function has been associated with energetic deregulation in cancer, the chronological changes in mitochondria during cancer development remain unclear. With the aim to assess the role of mitochondria throughout cancer development, we analyzed samples chronologically obtained from induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in rats. In our analyses, we integrated mitochondrial proteomic data, mitochondrial metabolomic data and nuclear genome transcriptomic data. We used pathway over-representation and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to integrate expression profiles of genes, miRNAs, proteins and metabolite levels throughout HCC development. Our results show that mitochondria are dynamic organelles presenting specific modifications in different stages of HCC development. We also found that mitochondrial proteomic profiles from tissues adjacent to nodules or tumor are determined more by the stage of HCC development than by tissue type, and we evaluated two models to predict HCC stage of the samples using proteomic profiles. Finally, we propose an omics integration pipeline to massively identify molecular features that could be further evaluated as key regulators, biomarkers or therapeutic targets. As an example, we show a group of miRNAs and transcription factors as candidates, responsible for mitochondrial metabolic modification in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Noé García-Chávez
- Langebio, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
| | | | - Mercedes G. López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Saúl Villa-Treviño
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rafael Montiel
- Langebio, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Irapuato, Mexico
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18
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Liu X, Chen X, Xiao M, Zhu Y, Gong R, Liu J, Zeng Q, Xu C, Chen X, Wang F, Cao K. RANBP2 Activates O-GlcNAcylation through Inducing CEBPα-Dependent OGA Downregulation to Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma Malignant Phenotypes. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3475. [PMID: 34298689 PMCID: PMC8304650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is an important post-translational modification (PTM) jointly controlled by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Aberrant hyper-O-GlcNAcylation is reported to yield hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) malignancy, but the underlying mechanisms of the OGT/OGA imbalance responsible for HCC tumorigenesis remain largely unknown. Here, we report that RAN-binding protein 2 (RANBP2), one of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) E3 ligases, contributed to malignant phenotypes in HCC. RANBP2 was found to facilitate CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPα) SUMOylation and degradation by direct interplay with CEBPα. As a transcriptional factor, CEBPα was verified to augment OGA transcription, and further experiments demonstrated that RANBP2 enhanced the O-GlcNAc level by downregulating OGA transcription while not affecting OGT expression. Importantly, we provided in vitro and in vivo evidence of HCC malignant phenotypes that RANBP2 triggered through an imbalance of OGT/OGA and subsequent higher O-GlcNAcylation events for oncogenic proteins such as peroxisome proliferative-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α) in a CEBPα-dependent manner. Altogether, our results show a novel molecular mechanism whereby RANBP2 regulates its function through CEBPα-dependent OGA downregulation to induce a global change in the hyper-O-GlcNAcylation of genes, such as PGC1α, encouraging the further study of promising implications for HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (M.X.); (Y.Z.)
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (R.G.); (C.X.); (X.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Xingyu Chen
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (M.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Mengqing Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (M.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuxing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (M.X.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Renjie Gong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (R.G.); (C.X.); (X.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Jianye Liu
- Department of Urology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China;
| | - Qinghai Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China;
| | - Canxia Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (R.G.); (C.X.); (X.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Xiong Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (R.G.); (C.X.); (X.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (R.G.); (C.X.); (X.C.); (F.W.)
| | - Ke Cao
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, China; (X.L.); (X.C.); (M.X.); (Y.Z.)
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19
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Dammes N, Peer D. Paving the Road for RNA Therapeutics. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:755-775. [PMID: 32893005 PMCID: PMC7470715 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic RNA molecules possess high potential for treating medical conditions if they can successfully reach the target cell upon administration. However, unmodified RNA molecules are rapidly degraded and cleared from the circulation. In addition, their large size and negative charge complicates their passing through the cell membrane. The difficulty of RNA therapy, therefore, lies in the efficient intracellular delivery of intact RNA molecules to the tissue of interest without inducing adverse effects. Here, we outline the recent developments in therapeutic RNA delivery and discuss the wide potential in manipulating the function of cells with RNAs. The focus is not only on the variety of delivery strategies but also on the versatile nature of RNA and its wide applicability. This wide applicability is especially interesting when considering the modular nature of nucleic acids. An optimal delivery vehicle, therefore, can facilitate numerous clinical applications of RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Dammes
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel,School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel,Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel,Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel,Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dan Peer
- Laboratory of Precision NanoMedicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, Iby and Aladar Fleischman Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, and Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Cancer Biology Research Center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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20
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Abstract
Oligonucleotides can be used to modulate gene expression via a range of processes including RNAi, target degradation by RNase H-mediated cleavage, splicing modulation, non-coding RNA inhibition, gene activation and programmed gene editing. As such, these molecules have potential therapeutic applications for myriad indications, with several oligonucleotide drugs recently gaining approval. However, despite recent technological advances, achieving efficient oligonucleotide delivery, particularly to extrahepatic tissues, remains a major translational limitation. Here, we provide an overview of oligonucleotide-based drug platforms, focusing on key approaches - including chemical modification, bioconjugation and the use of nanocarriers - which aim to address the delivery challenge.
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21
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Sluzalska KD, Slawski J, Sochacka M, Lampart A, Otlewski J, Zakrzewska M. Intracellular partners of fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 - implications for functions. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 57:93-111. [PMID: 32475760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 (FGF1 and FGF2) are mainly considered as ligands of surface receptors through which they regulate a broad spectrum of biological processes. They are secreted in non-canonical way and, unlike other growth factors, they are able to translocate from the endosome to the cell interior. These unique features, as well as the role of the intracellular pool of FGF1 and FGF2, are far from being fully understood. An increasing number of reports address this problem, focusing on the intracellular interactions of FGF1 and 2. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the FGF1 and FGF2 binding partners inside the cell and the possible role of these interactions. The partner proteins are grouped according to their function, including proteins involved in secretion, cell signaling, nucleocytoplasmic transport, binding and processing of nucleic acids, ATP binding, and cytoskeleton assembly. An in-depth analysis of the network of these binding partners could indicate novel, non-classical functions of FGF1 and FGF2 and uncover an additional level of a fine control of the well-known FGF-regulated cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Dominika Sluzalska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Slawski
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Sochacka
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agata Lampart
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Otlewski
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Zakrzewska
- Department of Protein Engineering, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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22
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Wang T, Hong S, Luo Y, Lv H, Zhang Y, Pei R. Self-Assembled saRNA Delivery System Based on Rolling Circle Transcription for Aptamer-Targeting Cancer Therapy. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:4737-4746. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shanni Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haiyin Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Renjun Pei
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China
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