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Luo Q, Raulston EG, Prado MA, Wu X, Gritsman K, Whalen KS, Yan K, Booth CAG, Xu R, van Galen P, Doench JG, Shimony S, Long HW, Neuberg DS, Paulo JA, Lane AA. Targetable leukaemia dependency on noncanonical PI3Kγ signalling. Nature 2024; 630:198-205. [PMID: 38720074 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07410-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide-3-kinase-γ (PI3Kγ) is implicated as a target to repolarize tumour-associated macrophages and promote antitumour immune responses in solid cancers1-4. However, cancer cell-intrinsic roles of PI3Kγ are unclear. Here, by integrating unbiased genome-wide CRISPR interference screening with functional analyses across acute leukaemias, we define a selective dependency on the PI3Kγ complex in a high-risk subset that includes myeloid, lymphoid and dendritic lineages. This dependency is characterized by innate inflammatory signalling and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 (PIK3R5), which encodes a regulatory subunit of PI3Kγ5 and stabilizes the active enzymatic complex. We identify p21 (RAC1)-activated kinase 1 (PAK1) as a noncanonical substrate of PI3Kγ that mediates this cell-intrinsic dependency and find that dephosphorylation of PAK1 by PI3Kγ inhibition impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Treatment with the selective PI3Kγ inhibitor eganelisib is effective in leukaemias with activated PIK3R5. In addition, the combination of eganelisib and cytarabine prolongs survival over either agent alone, even in patient-derived leukaemia xenografts with low baseline PIK3R5 expression, as residual leukaemia cells after cytarabine treatment have elevated G protein-coupled purinergic receptor activity and PAK1 phosphorylation. Together, our study reveals a targetable dependency on PI3Kγ-PAK1 signalling that is amenable to near-term evaluation in patients with acute leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Luo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Evangeline G Raulston
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miguel A Prado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaowei Wu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kira Gritsman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Karley S Whalen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kezhi Yan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christopher A G Booth
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ran Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter van Galen
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John G Doench
- Genetic Perturbation Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shai Shimony
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Hematology, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Henry W Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna S Neuberg
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew A Lane
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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2
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Luo Q, Raulston EG, Prado MA, Wu X, Gritsman K, Yan K, Booth CAG, Xu R, van Galen P, Doench JG, Shimony S, Long HW, Neuberg DS, Paulo JA, Lane AA. Targetable leukemia dependency on noncanonical PI3Kγ signaling. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.15.571909. [PMID: 38328043 PMCID: PMC10849582 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.15.571909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase gamma (PI3Kγ) is implicated as a target to repolarize tumor-associated macrophages and promote anti-tumor immune responses in solid cancers. However, cancer cell-intrinsic roles of PI3Kγ are unclear. Here, by integrating unbiased genome-wide CRISPR interference screening with functional analyses across acute leukemias, we define a selective dependency on the PI3Kγ complex in a high-risk subset that includes myeloid, lymphoid, and dendritic lineages. This dependency is characterized by innate inflammatory signaling and activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 ( PIK3R5 ), which encodes a regulatory subunit of PI3Kγ and stabilizes the active enzymatic complex. Mechanistically, we identify p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1 (PAK1) as a noncanonical substrate of PI3Kγ that mediates this cell-intrinsic dependency independently of Akt kinase. PI3Kγ inhibition dephosphorylates PAK1, activates a transcriptional network of NFκB-related tumor suppressor genes, and impairs mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. We find that treatment with the selective PI3Kγ inhibitor eganelisib is effective in leukemias with activated PIK3R5 , either at baseline or by exogenous inflammatory stimulation. Notably, the combination of eganelisib and cytarabine prolongs survival over either agent alone, even in patient-derived leukemia xenografts with low baseline PIK3R5 expression, as residual leukemia cells after cytarabine treatment have elevated G protein-coupled purinergic receptor activity and PAK1 phosphorylation. Taken together, our study reveals a targetable dependency on PI3Kγ/PAK1 signaling that is amenable to near-term evaluation in patients with acute leukemia.
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Zhang M, Lv L, Luo H, Cai H, Yu L, Jiang Y, Gao F, Tong W, Li L, Li G, Zhou Y, Tong G, Liu C. The CD2v protein of African swine fever virus inhibits macrophage migration and inflammatory cytokines expression by downregulating EGR1 expression through dampening ERK1/2 activity. Vet Res 2023; 54:106. [PMID: 37968713 PMCID: PMC10648359 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-023-01239-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly contagious and deadly virus that leads to high mortality rates in domestic swine populations. Although the envelope protein CD2v of ASFV has been implicated in immunomodulation, the molecular mechanisms underlying CD2v-mediated immunoregulation remain unclear. In this study, we generated a stable CD2v-expressing porcine macrophage (PAM-CD2v) line and investigated the CD2v-dependent transcriptomic landscape using RNA-seq. GO terms enrichment analysis and gene set enrichment analysis revealed that CD2v predominantly affected the organization and assembly process of the extracellular matrix. Wound healing and Transwell assays showed that CD2v inhibited swine macrophage migration. Further investigation revealed a significant decrease in the expression of transcription factor early growth response 1 (EGR1) through inhibiting the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). Notably, EGR1 knockout in swine macrophages restricted cell migration, whereas EGR1 overexpression in PAM-CD2v restored the ability of macrophage migration, suggesting that CD2v inhibits swine macrophage motility by downregulating EGR1 expression. Furthermore, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing for EGR1 and the histone mark H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac), and we found that EGR1 co-localized with the activated histone modification H3K27ac neighboring the transcriptional start sites. Further analysis indicated that EGR1 and H3K27ac co-occupy the promoter regions of cell locomotion-related genes. Finally, by treating various derivatives of swine macrophages with lipopolysaccharides, we showed that depletion of EGR1 decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines including TNFα, IL1α, IL1β, IL6, and IL8, which play essential roles in inflammation and host immune response. Collectively, our results provide new insights into the immunomodulatory mechanism of ASFV CD2v.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Lilei Lv
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Huaye Luo
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hongming Cai
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Key Laboratory of Fujian-Taiwan Animal Pathogen Biology, College of Animal Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Lingxue Yu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wu Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Liwei Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guoxin Li
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yanjun Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Guangzhi Tong
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
| | - Changlong Liu
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonosis, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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4
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He J, Yang X, Zhang C, Li A, Wang W, Xing J, E J, Xu X, Wang H, Yu E, Shi D, Wang H. CNN2 silencing inhibits colorectal cancer development through promoting ubiquitination of EGR1. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201639. [PMID: 37188478 PMCID: PMC10185810 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignant tumors of the digestive tract. H2-calponin (CNN2), an actin cytoskeleton-binding protein, is an isoform of the calponin protein family whose role in CRC is still unknown. Research based on clinical samples showed the up-regulation of CNN2 in CRC and its association with tumor development, metastasis, and poor prognosis of patients. Both in vitro loss-of-function and gain-of-function experiments showed that CNN2 participates in CRC development through influencing malignant cell phenotypes. In vivo, xenografts formed by CNN2 knockdown cells also showed a slower growth rate and smaller final tumors. Furthermore, EGR1 was identified as a downstream of CNN2, forming a complex with CNN2 and YAP1 and playing an essential role in the CNN2-induced regulation of CRC development. Mechanistically, CNN2 knockdown down-regulated EGR1 expression through enhancing its ubiquitination, thus decreasing its protein stability in a YAP1-dependent manner. In summary, CNN2 plays an EGR1-dependent promotion role in the development and progression of CRC, which may be a promising therapeutic target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghu He
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuansen Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Xing
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jifu E
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Enda Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Debing Shi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hantao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Changhai HospitalAffiliated to Navy Medical University, Shanghai, China
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5
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Sun L, Li X, Luo H, Guo H, Zhang J, Chen Z, Lin F, Zhao G. EZH2 can be used as a therapeutic agent for inhibiting endothelial dysfunction. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115594. [PMID: 37207700 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a catalytic subunit of polycomb repressor complex 2 and plays important roles in endothelial cell homeostasis. EZH2 functionally methylates lysine 27 of histone H3 and represses gene expression through chromatin compaction. EZH2 mediates the effects of environmental stimuli by regulating endothelial functions, such as angiogenesis, endothelial barrier integrity, inflammatory signaling, and endothelial mesenchymal transition. Numerous studies have been conducted to determine the significance of EZH2 in endothelial function. The aim of this review is to provide a concise summary of the roles EZH2 plays in endothelial function and elucidate its therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Xuefang Li
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Huige Guo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Zhigang Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China
| | - Fei Lin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China.
| | - Guoan Zhao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453100, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Injury and Repair Medicine of Henan, Weihui, China.
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Yang X, Xu L, Yang L. Recent advances in EZH2-based dual inhibitors in the treatment of cancers. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 256:115461. [PMID: 37156182 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) protein is the catalytic subunit of one of the histone methyltransferases. EZH2 catalyzes the trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3 (H3K27me3) and further alters downstream target levels. EZH2 is upregulated in cancer tissues, wherein its levels correlate strongly with cancer genesis, progression, metastasis, and invasion. Consequently, it has emerged as a novel anticancer therapeutic target. Nonetheless, developing EZH2 inhibitors (EZH2i) has encountered numerous difficulties, such as pre-clinical drug resistance and poor therapeutic effect. The EZH2i synergistically suppresses cancers when used in combination with additional antitumor drugs, such as PARP inhibitors, HDAC inhibitors, BRD4 inhibitors, EZH1 inhibitors, and EHMT2 inhibitors. Typically, the use of dual inhibitors of two different targets mediated by one individual molecule has been recognized as the preferred approach for overcoming the limitations of EZH2 monotherapy. The present review discusses the theoretical basis for designing EZH2-based dual-target inhibitors, and also describes some in vitro and in vivo analysis results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, China.
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Li Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, 453003, China
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7
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Abstract
The enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and its highly related homolog EZH1 are considered to be epigenetic silencing factors, and they play key roles in the growth and differentiation of cells as the core components of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). EZH1 and EZH2 are known to have a role in human malignancies, and alterations in these two genes have been implicated in transformation of human malignancies. Inhibition of EZH1/2 has been shown to result in tumor regression in humans and has been studied and evaluated in the preclinical setting and in multiple clinical trials at various levels. Our work thus contributes to the understanding of the relationship between regulatory molecules associated with EZH1/2 proteins and tumor progression, and may provide new insights for mechanism-based EZH1/2-targeted therapy in tumors.
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Germline Abnormalities in DNA Methylation and Histone Modification and Associated Cancer Risk. Curr Hematol Malig Rep 2022; 17:82-93. [PMID: 35653077 DOI: 10.1007/s11899-022-00665-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Somatic mutations in DNA methyltransferases and other DNA methylation associated genes have been found in a wide variety of cancers. Germline mutations in these genes have been associated with several rare hereditary disorders. Among the described germline/congenital disorders, neurological dysfunction and/or growth abnormalities appear to be a common phenotype. Here, we outline known germline abnormalities and examine the cancer risks associated with these mutations. RECENT FINDINGS The increased use and availability of sequencing techniques in the clinical setting has expanded the identification of germline abnormalities involving DNA methylation machinery. This has provided additional cases to study these rare hereditary disorders and their predisposition to cancer. Studying these syndromes may offer an opportunity to better understand the contribution of these genes in cancer development.
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Hinzman CP, Singh B, Bansal S, Li Y, Iliuk A, Girgis M, Herremans KM, Trevino JG, Singh VK, Banerjee PP, Cheema AK. A multi-omics approach identifies pancreatic cancer cell extracellular vesicles as mediators of the unfolded protein response in normal pancreatic epithelial cells. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12232. [PMID: 35656858 PMCID: PMC9164146 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (cEVs) are thought to play a pivotal role in promoting cancer progression events, their precise effect on neighbouring normal cells is unknown. In this study, we investigated the impact of pancreatic cancer ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) derived EVs on recipient non-tumourigenic pancreatic normal epithelial cells upon internalization. We demonstrate that cEVs are readily internalized and induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) in treated normal pancreatic epithelial cells within 24 h. We further show that PDAC cEVs increase cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and that these changes are regulated at least in part, by the UPR mediator DDIT3. Subsequently, these cells release several inflammatory cytokines. Leveraging a layered multi-omics approach, we analysed EV cargo from a panel of six PDAC and two normal pancreas cell lines, using multiple EV isolation methods. We found that cEVs were enriched for an array of biomolecules which can induce or regulate ER stress and the UPR, including palmitic acid, sphingomyelins, metabolic regulators of tRNA charging and proteins which regulate trafficking and degradation. We further show that palmitic acid, at doses relevant to those found in cEVs, is sufficient to induce ER stress in normal pancreas cells. These results suggest that cEV cargo packaging may be designed to disseminate proliferative and invasive characteristics upon internalization by distant recipient normal cells, hitherto unreported. This study is among the first to highlight a major role for PDAC cEVs to induce stress in treated normal pancreas cells that may modulate a systemic response leading to altered phenotypes. These findings highlight the importance of EVs in mediating disease aetiology and open potential areas of investigation toward understanding the role of cEV lipids in promoting cell transformation in the surrounding microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P. Hinzman
- Department of BiochemistryMolecular and Cellular BiologyGeorgetown University Medical CentreWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Baldev Singh
- Department of OncologyLombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CentreWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Shivani Bansal
- Department of OncologyLombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CentreWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Yaoxiang Li
- Department of OncologyLombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CentreWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Anton Iliuk
- Tymora Analytical OperationsWest LafayetteINUSA
| | - Michael Girgis
- Department of OncologyLombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CentreWashingtonDCUSA
| | | | - Jose G. Trevino
- Division of Surgical OncologyVCU Massey Cancer CentreRichmondVAUSA
| | - Vijay K. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsSchool of MedicineUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research InstituteUniformed Services University of the Health SciencesBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Partha P. Banerjee
- Department of BiochemistryMolecular and Cellular BiologyGeorgetown University Medical CentreWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Amrita K. Cheema
- Department of BiochemistryMolecular and Cellular BiologyGeorgetown University Medical CentreWashingtonDCUSA
- Department of OncologyLombardi Comprehensive Cancer CenterGeorgetown University Medical CentreWashingtonDCUSA
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Nehme Z, Pasquereau S, Haidar Ahmad S, El Baba R, Herbein G. Polyploid giant cancer cells, EZH2 and Myc upregulation in mammary epithelial cells infected with high-risk human cytomegalovirus. EBioMedicine 2022; 80:104056. [PMID: 35596973 PMCID: PMC9121245 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection has been actively implicated in complex neoplastic processes. Beyond oncomodulation, the molecular mechanisms that might underlie HCMV-induced oncogenesis are being extensively studied. Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) proteins, in particular enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) are associated with cancer progression. Nevertheless, little is known about EZH2 activation in the context of HCMV infection and breast oncogenesis. Methods Herein, we identified EZH2 as a downstream target for HCMV-induced Myc upregulation upon acute and chronic infection with high-risk strains using a human mammary epithelial model. Findings We detected polyploidy and CMV-transformed HMECs (CTH) cells harboring HCMV and dynamically undergoing the giant cells cycle. Acquisition of embryonic stemness markers positively correlated with EZH2 and Myc expression. EZH2 inhibitors curtail sustained CTH cells’ malignant phenotype. Besides harboring polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), tumorigenic breast biopsies were characterized by an enhanced EZH2 and Myc expression, with a strong positive correlation between EZH2 and Myc expression, and between PGCC count and EZH2/Myc expression in the presence of HCMV. Further, we isolated two HCMV strains from EZH2HighMycHigh basal-like tumors which replicate in MRC5 cells and transform HMECs toward CTH cells after acute infection. Interpretation Our data establish a potential link between HCMV-induced Myc activation, the subsequent EZH2 upregulation, and polyploidy induction. These data support the proposed tumorigenesis properties of EZH2/Myc, and allow the isolation of two oncogenic HCMV strains from EZH2HighMycHigh basal breast tumors while identifying EZH2 as a potential therapeutic target in the management of breast cancer, particularly upon HCMV infection. Funding This work was supported by grants from the University of Franche-Comté (UFC) (CR3300), the Région Franche-Comté (2021-Y-08292 and 2021-Y-08290) and the Ligue contre le Cancer (CR3304) to Georges Herbein. Zeina Nehme is a recipient of a doctoral scholarship from the municipality of Habbouch. Sandy Haidar Ahmad is recipient of a doctoral scholarship from Lebanese municipality. Ranim El Baba is a recipient of a doctoral scholarship from Hariri foundation for sustainable human development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeina Nehme
- Department Pathogens and Inflammation-EPILAB, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 16 route de Gray, Besançon F-25030, France
| | - Sébastien Pasquereau
- Department Pathogens and Inflammation-EPILAB, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 16 route de Gray, Besançon F-25030, France
| | - Sandy Haidar Ahmad
- Department Pathogens and Inflammation-EPILAB, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 16 route de Gray, Besançon F-25030, France
| | - Ranim El Baba
- Department Pathogens and Inflammation-EPILAB, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 16 route de Gray, Besançon F-25030, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- Department Pathogens and Inflammation-EPILAB, EA4266, Université de Franche-Comté, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté (UBFC), 16 route de Gray, Besançon F-25030, France; Department of Virology, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France.
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11
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Xu L, Peng B, Wu H, Zheng Y, Yu Q, Fang S. METTL7B contributes to the malignant progression of glioblastoma by inhibiting EGR1 expression. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1133-1143. [PMID: 35254598 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00925-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a predominant central nervous system (CNS) malignancy, is correlated with high mortality and severe morbidity. Mammalian methyltransferase-like 7B (METTL7B) as a methyltransferase has been identified to participate in cancer progression. However, its function in GBM is elusive. Accordingly, we aimed to explore the effect of METTL7B on GBM. The expression of METTL7B and EGR2 in GBM patients and GBM cells were detected by qPCR, western blots and immunohistochemical staining. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assays. Cell proliferation was determined by EdU, colony formation, and tumor sphere formation assays. METTL7B shRNA was injected into the Balb/c nude mice. The size and weight of isolated tumor was measured. And the expression levels of Ki67, METTL7B and EGR1 were examined by immunohistochemical staining. METTL7B was significantly elevated, while EGR1 was downregulated in clinical GBM tissues. METTL7B upregulation was associated with the low overall survival of GBM patients. Moreover, METTL7B depletion remarkably attenuated GBM cell proliferation. Mechanistically, METTL7B overexpression inhibited EGR1 expression in GBM cells. EGR1 knockdown rescued the inhibitory effect of METTL7B depletion on GBM cell proliferation. Meanwhile, METTL7B depletion arrested more GBM cells at the G0/G1, but fewer cells at the S phase, which EGR1 knockdown reversed these effects. Furthermore, tumorigenicity analysis revealed that METTL7B promotes tumor growth of GBM cells in vivo. METTL7B contributes to the malignant progression of GBM by inhibiting EGR1 expression. METTL7B and EGR1 may be utilized as the treatment targets for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, No.236 Yuanzhu Road, Chikan District, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, 524045, People's Republic of China.
| | - Biao Peng
- Deparment of Neurosurgery, the Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, No.236 Yuanzhu Road, Chikan District, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, 524045, People's Republic of China
| | - Yike Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, No.236 Yuanzhu Road, Chikan District, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, 524045, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingwen Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, No.236 Yuanzhu Road, Chikan District, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, 524045, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuiqiao Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Central People's Hospital of Zhanjiang, No.236 Yuanzhu Road, Chikan District, Zhanjiang City, Guangdong Province, 524045, People's Republic of China
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EZH2 as a new therapeutic target in brain tumors: Molecular landscape, therapeutic targeting and future prospects. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112532. [PMID: 34906772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are responsible for high mortality and morbidity worldwide. The brain tumor treatment depends on identification of molecular pathways involved in progression and malignancy. Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) has obtained much attention in recent years in field of cancer therapy due to its aberrant expression and capacity in modulating expression of genes by binding to their promoter and affecting methylation status. The present review focuses on EZH2 signaling in brain tumors including glioma, glioblastoma, astrocytoma, ependymomas, medulloblastoma and brain rhabdoid tumors. EZH2 signaling mainly participates in increasing proliferation and invasion of cancer cells. However, in medulloblastoma, EZH2 demonstrates tumor-suppressor activity. Furthermore, EZH2 can regulate response of brain tumors to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Various molecular pathways can function as upstream mediators of EZH2 in brain tumors including lncRNAs and miRNAs. Owing to its enzymatic activity, EZH2 can bind to promoter of target genes to induce methylation and affects their expression. EZH2 can be considered as an independent prognostic factor in brain tumors that its upregulation provides undesirable prognosis. Both anti-tumor agents and gene therapies such as siRNA have been developed for targeting EZH2 in cancer therapy.
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Shang X, Shi LE, Taule D, Zhu ZZ. A Novel miRNA-mRNA Axis Involves in Regulating Transcriptional Disorders in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:5989-6004. [PMID: 34377019 PMCID: PMC8349199 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s316935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, there is still a lack of understanding about the mechanism and therapeutic targets of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD). The potential of miRNA-mRNA networks for the identification of regulatory mechanisms involved in PAAD development remains unexplored. Methods We compared differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMIs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in PAAD and normal tissues from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Transcription factors (TFs) were obtained from FunRich. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs and DEMIs were implemented using Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID). Then, key miRNAs and targeted mRNAs were identified by assessment of their expression and prognosis in UALCAN and Kaplan-Meier plotters. In the last step, the candidate miRNA-mRNA selected was confirmed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results We distinguished 62 significant DEMIs, 1314 upregulated DEGs, and 1110 downregulated DEGs. The top 10 TFs were identified. In total, there were 160 hub genes obtained by intersecting the set of 2224 predicted targets with the set of significant DEGs. And we selected 8 key miRNAs. Furthermore, low expression of miR-455-3p in PAAD tissue was closely connected with poor prognosis, and only 5 target mRNAs were predicted to be increased in PAAD tissue with poor prognosis. Therefore, a novel miRNA-hub gene regulatory network in PAAD was constructed. Finally, in vitro experiments indicated that miR-455-3p expression was decreased in PAAD sample. HOXC4, DLG4, DYNLL1 and FBXO45 were validated by qRT-PCR as highly probable targets of miR-455-3p. Conclusion A novel miRNA-mRNA axis has been discovered that may be involved in the regulation of transcriptional disorders and affected the survival of PAAD patients, which would provide a novel strategy for the treatment of PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Shang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan-Er Shi
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Dina Taule
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang-Zhi Zhu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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