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Liu M, Kang W, Hu Z, Wang C, Zhang Y. Targeting MyD88: Therapeutic mechanisms and potential applications of the specific inhibitor ST2825. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:2023-2036. [PMID: 37814128 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88) is a crucial adapter protein that coordinates the innate immune response and establishes an adaptive immune response. The interaction of the Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R) superfamily with MyD88 triggers the activation of various signalling pathways such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1), promoting the production of a variety of immune and inflammatory mediators and potentially driving the development of a variety of diseases. OBJECTIVE This article will explore the therapeutic potential and mechanism of the MyD88-specific inhibitor ST2825 and describe its use in the treatment of several diseases. We envision future research and clinical applications of ST2825 to provide new ideas for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs and disease-specific drugs to open new horizons for the prevention and treatment of related inflammatory diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS This review analysed relevant literature in PubMed and other databases. All relevant studies on MyD88 inhibitors and ST2825 that were published in the last 20 years were used as screening criteria. These studies looked at the development and improvement of MyD88 inhibitors and ST2825. RESULTS Recent evidence using the small-molecule inhibitor of ST2825 has suggested that blocking MyD88 activity can be used to treat diseases such as neuroinflammation, inflammatory diseases such as acute liver/kidney injury, or autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and can affect transplantation immunity. In addition, ST2825 has potential therapeutic value in B-cell lymphoma with the MyD88 L265P mutation. CONCLUSION Targeting MyD88 is a novel therapeutic strategy, and scientific research is presently focused on the development of MyD88 inhibitors. The peptidomimetic compound ST2825 is a widely studied small-molecule inhibitor of MyD88. Thus, ST2825 may be a potential therapeutic small-molecule agent for modulating host immune regulation in inflammatory diseases and inflammatory therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Liu
- Hengyang Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang City, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Kang
- Hengyang Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang City, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhizhong Hu
- Hengyang Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang City, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengkun Wang
- Hengyang Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang City, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Zhang
- Hengyang Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, Chang Sheng Xi Avenue 28, Hengyang City, Hunan, 421001, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Chen Y, Chen M, Deng K. Blocking the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway to treat colorectal cancer: Strategies to improve current therapies (Review). Int J Oncol 2022; 62:24. [PMID: 36579676 PMCID: PMC9854240 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumor types occurring in the digestive system. The incidence of CRC has exhibits yearly increases and the mortality rate among patients with CRC is high. The Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway, which is associated with carcinogenesis, is abnormally activated in CRC. Most patients with CRC have adenomatous polyposis coli mutations, while half of the remaining patients have β‑catenin gene mutations. Therefore, targeting the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway for the treatment of CRC is of clinical value. In recent years, with in‑depth research on the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway, inhibitors have been developed that are able to suppress or hinder the development and progression of CRC. In the present review, the role of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway in CRC is summarized, the research status on Wnt/β‑catenin pathway inhibitors is outlined and potential targets for inhibition of this pathway are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,The Laboratory of Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Gerontology, Tibetan Chengdu Branch Hospital of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,Department of Gerontology, Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibetan Autonomous Region, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,Professor Mo Chen, Department of Gerontology, Tibetan Chengdu Branch Hospital of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 20 Ximianqiao Cross Street, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Kai Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,The Laboratory of Sichuan University-Oxford University Huaxi Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Professor Kai Deng, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, E-mail:
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3
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Chen Y, Yang B, Zhao J, Ross RP, Stanton C, Zhang H, Chen W. Exploiting lactic acid bacteria for colorectal cancer: a recent update. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5433-5449. [PMID: 36530047 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2154742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the world. Currently, chemotherapy and radiotherapy used to treat CRC exhibit many side effects, hence, it is an urgent need to design effective therapies to prevent and treat CRC. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can regulate gut microbiota, intestinal immunity, and intestinal mechanical barrier, which is becoming a hot product for the prevention and treatment of CRC, whereas comprehensive reviews of their anti-CRC mechanisms are limited. This review systematically reveals the latest incidence, mortality, risk factors, and molecular mechanisms of CRC, then summarizes the roles of probiotics in alleviating CRC in animal and clinical studies and critically reviews the possible mechanisms by which these interventions exert their activities. It then shows the limitations in mechanisms and clinical studies, and the suggestions for future research are also put forward, which will play an important role in guiding and promoting the basic and clinical research of remising CRC by LAB and the development of LAB products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - R Paul Ross
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- International Joint Research Center for Probiotics & Gut Health, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Cork, Ireland
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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4
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Zhang Z, Mei Y, Hou M. Knockdown RBM15 Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Cell Proliferation and Metastasis Via N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) Modification of MyD88 mRNA. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2022; 37:976-986. [PMID: 34842457 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2021.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. In this study, we explored the role of RNA binding motif protein 15 (RBM15)-mediated MyD88 mRNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) in CRC development. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion were detected by EdU, Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and Transwell assays, respectively. RBM15 and MyD88 expression was detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot. RNA-seq, RIP-seq, and MeRIP-seq were used for RBM15 downstream target gene prediction and expression detection. In this research, we confirmed that RBM15 was highly expressed in CRC tissues and was negatively correlated with overall and disease-free survival rate. Silencing RBM15 significantly inhibited the proliferative and invasive abilities and promoted cell apoptosis in the CRC cell lines (SW480 and HCT116). Moreover, tumor growth and CRC liver metastasis were inhibited by silencing RBM15 in vivo. m6A methylation level was decreased in RBM15-silenced SW480 and HCT116 cells. MyD88 was the target mRNA of RBM15-mediated m6A methylation in CRC. MyD88 was lowly expressed in CRC and negatively correlated with RBM15 expression. Taken together, RBM15 silencing inhibited the CRC growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo. RBM15 mediated m6A methylation modification of MyD88 mRNA in CRC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan Mei
- Health Management (Physical Examination) Center, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, China
| | - Mingxing Hou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
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Kasahara K, Narumi R, Nagayama S, Masuda K, Esaki T, Obama K, Tomonaga T, Sakai Y, Shimizu Y, Adachi J. A large-scale targeted proteomics of plasma extracellular vesicles shows utility for prognosis prediction subtyping in colorectal cancer. Cancer Med 2022; 12:7616-7626. [PMID: 36394150 PMCID: PMC10067095 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathogenesis of cancers depends on the molecular background of each individual patient. Therefore, verifying as many biomarkers as possible and clarifying their relationships with each disease status would be very valuable. We performed a large-scale targeted proteomics analysis of plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) that may affect tumor progression and/or therapeutic resistance. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Plasma EVs from 59 were collected patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and 59 healthy controls (HC) in cohort 1, and 150 patients with CRC in cohort 2 for the large-scale targeted proteomics analysis of 457 proteins as candidate CRC markers. The Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test and random forest model were applied in cohort 1 to select promising markers. Consensus clustering was applied to classify patients with CRC in cohort 2. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analysis were performed to identify potential molecular factors contributing to the overall survival (OS) of patients. RESULTS In the analysis of cohort 1, 99 proteins were associated with CRC. The analysis of cohort 2 revealed two clusters showing significant differences in OS (p = 0.017). Twelve proteins, including alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1), were suggested to be associated with the identified CRC subtypes, and ORM1 was shown to significantly contribute to OS, suggesting that ORM1 might be one of the factors closely related to the OS. CONCLUSIONS The study identified two novel subtypes of CRC, which exhibit differences in OS, as well as important biomarker proteins that are closely related to the identified subtypes. Liquid biopsy assessment with targeted proteomics analysis was proposed to be crucial for predicting the CRC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Kasahara
- Department of SurgeryKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
- Laboratory of Proteome ResearchNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionOsakaJapan
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug DiscoveryCenter for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionOsakaJapan
| | - Ryohei Narumi
- Laboratory of Proteome ResearchNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionOsakaJapan
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug DiscoveryCenter for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionOsakaJapan
- Laboratory of Clinical and Analytical ChemistryCollaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionOsakaJapan
| | - Satoshi Nagayama
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryGastroenterological Center, Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer ResearchTokyoJapan
- Department of SurgeryUji‐Tokusyukai Medical CenterKyotoJapan
| | - Keiko Masuda
- Laboratory for Cell‐Free Protein SynthesisRIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchOsakaJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Esaki
- The Center for Data Science Education and ResearchShiga UniversityShigaJapan
| | - Kazutaka Obama
- Department of SurgeryKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyotoJapan
| | - Takeshi Tomonaga
- Laboratory of Proteome ResearchNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionOsakaJapan
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug DiscoveryCenter for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionOsakaJapan
| | | | - Yoshihiro Shimizu
- Laboratory for Cell‐Free Protein SynthesisRIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics ResearchOsakaJapan
| | - Jun Adachi
- Laboratory of Proteome ResearchNational Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionOsakaJapan
- Laboratory of Proteomics for Drug DiscoveryCenter for Drug Design Research, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionOsakaJapan
- Laboratory of Clinical and Analytical ChemistryCollaborative Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and NutritionOsakaJapan
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6
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Zhao H, Ming T, Tang S, Ren S, Yang H, Liu M, Tao Q, Xu H. Wnt signaling in colorectal cancer: pathogenic role and therapeutic target. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:144. [PMID: 35836256 PMCID: PMC9281132 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 120.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Wnt signaling pathway is a complex network of protein interactions that functions most commonly in embryonic development and cancer, but is also involved in normal physiological processes in adults. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway regulates cell pluripotency and determines the differentiation fate of cells during development. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway (also known as the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway) is a recognized driver of colon cancer and one of the most representative signaling pathways. As a functional effector molecule of Wnt signaling, the modification and degradation of β-catenin are key events in the Wnt signaling pathway and the development and progression of colon cancer. Therefore, the Wnt signaling pathway plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases, especially the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). Objective Inhibit the Wnt signaling pathway to explore the therapeutic targets of colorectal cancer. Methods Based on studying the Wnt pathway, master the biochemical processes related to the Wnt pathway, and analyze the relevant targets when drugs or inhibitors act on the Wnt pathway, to clarify the medication ideas of drugs or inhibitors for the treatment of diseases, especially colorectal cancer. Results Wnt signaling pathways include: Wnt/β-catenin or canonical Wnt signaling pathway, planar cell polarity (Wnt-PCP) pathway and Wnt-Ca2+ signaling pathway. The Wnt signaling pathway is closely related to cancer cell proliferation, stemness, apoptosis, autophagy, metabolism, inflammation and immunization, microenvironment, resistance, ion channel, heterogeneity, EMT/migration/invasion/metastasis. Drugs/phytochemicals and molecular preparations for the Wnt pathway of CRC treatment have now been developed. Wnt inhibitors are also commonly used clinically for the treatment of CRC. Conclusion The development of drugs/phytochemicals and molecular inhibitors targeting the Wnt pathway can effectively treat colorectal cancer clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Tianqi Ming
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Shan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Maolun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Qiu Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Haibo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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7
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Chen Z, Zhang X, Xing Z, Lv S, Huang L, Liu J, Ye S, Li X, Chen M, Zuo S, Tao Y, He Y. OLFM4 deficiency delays the progression of colitis to colorectal cancer by abrogating PMN-MDSCs recruitment. Oncogene 2022; 41:3131-3150. [PMID: 35487976 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02324-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is strongly associated with the development of colitis-associated tumorigenesis (CAT). Despite recent advances in the understanding of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cell (PMN-MDSC) responses in cancer, the mechanisms of these cells during this process remain largely uncharacterized. Here, we discovered a glycoprotein, olfactomedin-4 (OLFM4), was highly expressed in PMN-MDSCs from colitis to colorectal cancer (CRC), and its expression level and PMN-MDSC population positively correlated with the progression of IBD to CRC. Moreover, mice lacking OLFM4 in myeloid cells showed poor recruitment of PMN-MDSCs, impaired intestinal homeostasis, and delayed development from IBD to CRC, and increased response to anti-PD1 therapy. The main mechanism of OLFM4-mediated PMN-MDSC activity involved the NF-κB/PTGS2 pathway, through the binding of LGALS3, a galactoside-binding protein expressed on PMN-MDSCs. Our results showed that the OLFM4/NF-κB/PTGS2 pathway promoted PMN-MDSC recruitment, which played an essential role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, but showed resistance to anti-PD1 therapy in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Xing
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuaijun Lv
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linxuan Huang
- Dongguan Institute of Clinical Cancer Research, Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China
| | - Jingping Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shubiao Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, the Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinyao Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiqi Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaowen Zuo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingxu Tao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yumei He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, China. .,Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Single Cell Technology and Application, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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8
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Li Y, Zou J, Li B, Du J. Anticancer effects of melatonin via regulating lncRNA JPX-Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway in human osteosarcoma cells. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9543-9556. [PMID: 34547170 PMCID: PMC8505851 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a type of malignant primary bone cancer, which is highly aggressive and occurs more commonly in children and adolescents. Thus, novel potential drugs and therapeutic methods are urgently needed. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the effects and mechanism of melatonin on OS cells to provide a potential treatment strategy for OS. The cell survival rate, cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis were examined by trypan blue assay, MTT, colony formation, wound healing, transwell invasion and attachment/detachment assay, respectively. The expression of relevant lncRNAs in OS cells was determined by real-time qPCR analysis. The functional roles of lncRNA JPX in OS cells were further examined by gain and loss of function assays. The protein expression was measured by western blot assay. Melatonin inhibited the cell viability, proliferation, migration, invasion and metastasis of OS cells (Saos-2, MG63 and U2OS) in a dose-dependent manner. Melatonin treatment significantly downregulated the expression of lncRNA JPX in Saos-2, MG63 and U2OS cells. Overexpression of lncRNA JPX into OS cell lines elevated the cell viability and proliferation, which was accompanied by the increased metastasis. We also found that melatonin inhibited the OS progression by suppressing the expression of lncRNA JPX via regulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Our results suggested that melatonin inhibited the biological functions of OS cells by repressing the expression of lncRNA JPX through regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, which indicated that melatonin might be applied as a potentially useful and effective natural agent in the treatment of OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Suzhou Research Institute, Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jilong Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyang Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Takeda H. A Platform for Validating Colorectal Cancer Driver Genes Using Mouse Organoids. Front Genet 2021; 12:698771. [PMID: 34262603 PMCID: PMC8273277 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.698771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Systematic approaches for functionally validating cancer genes are needed since numerous genes mutated in cancer tissues have been identified from cancer genome sequencing. The mouse organoid culture system has been extensively used in the field of cancer research since mouse organoids can faithfully recapitulate the physiological behavior of the cells. Taking advantage of this, we recently described a platform for functionally validating colorectal cancer (CRC) driver genes that utilized CRISPR-Cas9 in mouse intestinal tumor organoids. In this review, we will describe how mouse organoids have been applied to CRC research and focus on how CRC genes can be validated using mouse organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruna Takeda
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Inestrosa NC, Tapia-Rojas C, Cerpa W, Cisternas P, Zolezzi JM. WNT Signaling Is a Key Player in Alzheimer's Disease. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 269:357-382. [PMID: 34486097 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The cellular processes regulated by WNT signaling have been mainly studied during embryonic development and cancer. In the last two decades, the role of WNT in the adult central nervous system has been the focus of interest in our laboratory. In this chapter, we will be summarized β-catenin-dependent and -independent WNT pathways, then we will be revised WNT signaling function at the pre- and post-synaptic level. Concerning Alzheimer's disease (AD) initially, we found that WNT/β-catenin signaling activation exerts a neuroprotective mechanism against the amyloid β (Αβ) peptide toxicity. Later, we found that WNT/β-catenin participates in Tau phosphorylation and in learning and memory. In the last years, we demonstrated that WNT/β-catenin signaling is instrumental in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing and that WNT/β-catenin dysfunction results in Aβ production and aggregation. We highlight the importance of WNT/β-catenin signaling dysfunction in the onset of AD and propose that the loss of WNT/β-catenin signaling is a triggering factor of AD. The WNT pathway is therefore positioned as a therapeutic target for AD and could be a valid concept for improving AD therapy. We think that metabolism and inflammation will be relevant when defining future research in the context of WNT signaling and the neurodegeneration associated with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile.
| | - Cheril Tapia-Rojas
- Centro de Biología Celular y Biomedicina (CEBICEM), Laboratory of Neurobiology of Aging, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad de San Sebastián, Sede Los Leones, Santiago, Chile
| | - Waldo Cerpa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Pedro Cisternas
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE UC), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O´Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Juan M Zolezzi
- Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Magallanes, Punta Arenas, Chile
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