1
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Carouge E, Burnichon C, Figeac M, Sebda S, Vanpouille N, Vinchent A, Truong MJ, Duterque-Coquillaud M, Tulasne D, Chotteau-Lelièvre A. Functional interaction between receptor tyrosine kinase MET and ETS transcription factors promotes prostate cancer progression. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 39374163 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer, the most common malignancy in men, has a relatively favourable prognosis. However, when it spreads to the bone, the survival rate drops dramatically. The development of bone metastases leaves patients with aggressive prostate cancer, the leading cause of death in men. Moreover, bone metastases are incurable and very painful. Hepatocyte growth factor receptor (MET) and fusion of genes encoding E26 transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factors are both involved in the progression of the disease. ETS gene fusions, in particular, have the ability to induce the migratory and invasive properties of prostate cancer cells, whereas MET receptor, through its signalling cascades, is able to activate transcription factor expression. MET signalling and ETS gene fusions are intimately linked to high-grade prostate cancer. However, the collaboration of these factors in prostate cancer progression has not yet been investigated. Here, we show, using cell models of advanced prostate cancer, that ETS translocation variant 1 (ETV1) and transcriptional regulator ERG (ERG) transcription factors (members of the ETS family) promote tumour properties, and that activation of MET signalling enhances these effects. By using a specific MET tyrosine kinase inhibitor in a humanised hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) mouse model, we also establish that MET activity is required for ETV1/ERG-mediated tumour growth. Finally, by performing a comparative transcriptomic analysis, we identify target genes that could play a relevant role in these cellular processes. Thus, our results demonstrate for the first time in prostate cancer models a functional interaction between ETS transcription factors (ETV1 and ERG) and MET signalling that confers more aggressive properties and highlight a molecular signature characteristic of this combined action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Carouge
- UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, France
| | - Clémence Burnichon
- UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, France
| | - Martin Figeac
- US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, France
| | - Shéhérazade Sebda
- US 41 - UAR 2014 - PLBS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, France
| | - Nathalie Vanpouille
- UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, France
| | - Audrey Vinchent
- UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, France
| | - Marie-José Truong
- UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, France
| | - Martine Duterque-Coquillaud
- UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, France
| | - David Tulasne
- UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, France
| | - Anne Chotteau-Lelièvre
- UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, France
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2
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Estevam GO, Linossi EM, Macdonald CB, Espinoza CA, Michaud JM, Coyote-Maestas W, Collisson EA, Jura N, Fraser JS. Conserved regulatory motifs in the juxtamembrane domain and kinase N-lobe revealed through deep mutational scanning of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase domain. eLife 2024; 12:RP91619. [PMID: 39268701 PMCID: PMC11398868 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) responsible for initiating signaling pathways involved in development and wound repair. MET activation relies on ligand binding to the extracellular receptor, which prompts dimerization, intracellular phosphorylation, and recruitment of associated signaling proteins. Mutations, which are predominantly observed clinically in the intracellular juxtamembrane and kinase domains, can disrupt typical MET regulatory mechanisms. Understanding how juxtamembrane variants, such as exon 14 skipping (METΔEx14), and rare kinase domain mutations can increase signaling, often leading to cancer, remains a challenge. Here, we perform a parallel deep mutational scan (DMS) of the MET intracellular kinase domain in two fusion protein backgrounds: wild-type and METΔEx14. Our comparative approach has revealed a critical hydrophobic interaction between a juxtamembrane segment and the kinase ⍺C-helix, pointing to potential differences in regulatory mechanisms between MET and other RTKs. Additionally, we have uncovered a β5 motif that acts as a structural pivot for the kinase domain in MET and other TAM family of kinases. We also describe a number of previously unknown activating mutations, aiding the effort to annotate driver, passenger, and drug resistance mutations in the MET kinase domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella O Estevam
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Edmond M Linossi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Christian B Macdonald
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Carla A Espinoza
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Jennifer M Michaud
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Willow Coyote-Maestas
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Eric A Collisson
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Department of Medicine/Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Natalia Jura
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - James S Fraser
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
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3
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Wang Z, Shi Z, Yang S, Niu Z, Shu K, Chen L, Zhi C, Liu F, Huang W, Fan T, Jiang Y. Design and Synthesis of c-Met and HDAC Dual Inhibitors for the Treatment of Breast Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2024; 15:1516-1525. [PMID: 39291032 PMCID: PMC11403759 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.4c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, it has been proposed that c-mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition factor (c-Met) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) dual inhibition is a promising cancer treatment strategy. Herein, a series of c-Met/HDAC dual inhibitors were designed and synthesized given their synergistic anticancer effect in breast cancer cells. Compound 12d exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against c-Met (IC50 = 28.92 nM) and HDAC (85.68%@1000 nM) and inhibited the proliferation of all three breast cancer cell lines. Moreover, a mechanism investigation demonstrated that 12d could simultaneously induce cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase and cell apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells, which was endorsed by c-Met and HDAC pathway blockade. It could also suppress cell invasion. Our results suggest that developing promising c-Met/HDAC dual inhibitors is a novel strategy for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoyang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhichao Shi
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Shiqi Yang
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Zizhou Niu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Kaifei Shu
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Linbo Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Cailian Zhi
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Funian Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Wenjun Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tingting Fan
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Yuyang Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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4
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Estevam GO, Linossi EM, Rao J, Macdonald CB, Ravikumar A, Chrispens KM, Capra JA, Coyote-Maestas W, Pimentel H, Collisson EA, Jura N, Fraser JS. Mapping kinase domain resistance mechanisms for the MET receptor tyrosine kinase via deep mutational scanning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.07.16.603579. [PMID: 39071407 PMCID: PMC11275805 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.16.603579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the kinase and juxtamembrane domains of the MET Receptor Tyrosine Kinase are responsible for oncogenesis in various cancers and can drive resistance to MET-directed treatments. Determining the most effective inhibitor for each mutational profile is a major challenge for MET-driven cancer treatment in precision medicine. Here, we used a deep mutational scan (DMS) of ~5,764 MET kinase domain variants to profile the growth of each mutation against a panel of 11 inhibitors that are reported to target the MET kinase domain. We identified common resistance sites across type I, type II, and type I ½ inhibitors, unveiled unique resistance and sensitizing mutations for each inhibitor, and validated non-cross-resistant sensitivities for type I and type II inhibitor pairs. We augment a protein language model with biophysical and chemical features to improve the predictive performance for inhibitor-treated datasets. Together, our study demonstrates a pooled experimental pipeline for identifying resistance mutations, provides a reference dictionary for mutations that are sensitized to specific therapies, and offers insights for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella O. Estevam
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Tetrad Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Edmond M. Linossi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jingyou Rao
- Department of Computer Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Christian B. Macdonald
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ashraya Ravikumar
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Karson M. Chrispens
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Biophysics Graduate Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - John A. Capra
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Willow Coyote-Maestas
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Harold Pimentel
- Department of Computer Science, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Computational Medicine and Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Eric A. Collisson
- Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - James S. Fraser
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, United States
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5
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Thorel L, Perréard M, Florent R, Divoux J, Coffy S, Vincent A, Gaggioli C, Guasch G, Gidrol X, Weiswald LB, Poulain L. Patient-derived tumor organoids: a new avenue for preclinical research and precision medicine in oncology. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:1531-1551. [PMID: 38945959 PMCID: PMC11297165 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01272-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, the emergence of patient-derived tumor organoids (PDTOs) has broadened the repertoire of preclinical models and progressively revolutionized three-dimensional cell culture in oncology. PDTO can be grown from patient tumor samples with high efficiency and faithfully recapitulates the histological and molecular characteristics of the original tumor. Therefore, PDTOs can serve as invaluable tools in oncology research, and their translation to clinical practice is exciting for the future of precision medicine in oncology. In this review, we provide an overview of methods for establishing PDTOs and their various applications in cancer research, starting with basic research and ending with the identification of new targets and preclinical validation of new anticancer compounds and precision medicine. Finally, we highlight the challenges associated with the clinical implementation of PDTO, such as its representativeness, success rate, assay speed, and lack of a tumor microenvironment. Technological developments and autologous cocultures of PDTOs and stromal cells are currently ongoing to meet these challenges and optimally exploit the full potential of these models. The use of PDTOs as standard tools in clinical oncology could lead to a new era of precision oncology in the coming decade.
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Grants
- AP-RM-19-020 Fondation de l'Avenir pour la Recherche Médicale Appliquée (Fondation de l'Avenir)
- PJA20191209649 Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC Foundation for Cancer Research)
- TRANSPARANCE Fondation ARC pour la Recherche sur le Cancer (ARC Foundation for Cancer Research)
- TRANSPARANCE Ligue Contre le Cancer
- ORGAPRED Ligue Contre le Cancer
- 3D-Hub Canceropôle PACA (Canceropole PACA)
- Pré-néo 2019-188 Institut National Du Cancer (French National Cancer Institute)
- Conseil Régional de Haute Normandie (Upper Normandy Regional Council)
- GIS IBiSA, Cancéropôle Nord-Ouest (ORGRAFT project), the Groupement des Entreprises Françaises dans la Lutte contre le Cancer (ORGAVADS project), the Fonds de dotation Patrick de Brou de Laurière (ORGAVADS project),and Normandy County Council (ORGATHEREX project).
- GIS IBiSA, Cancéropôle Nord-Ouest (OrgaNO project), Etat-région
- GIS IBiSA, Region Sud
- GIS IBiSA, Cancéropôle Nord-Ouest (OrgaNO project), and Normandy County Council (ORGAPRED, PLATONUS ONE, POLARIS, and EQUIP’INNOV projects).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Thorel
- INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancers Prevention and Treatment), BioTICLA Laboratory (Precision Medicine for Ovarian Cancers), Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
- Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France
| | - Marion Perréard
- INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancers Prevention and Treatment), BioTICLA Laboratory (Precision Medicine for Ovarian Cancers), Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Romane Florent
- ORGAPRED core facility, US PLATON, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Jordane Divoux
- INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancers Prevention and Treatment), BioTICLA Laboratory (Precision Medicine for Ovarian Cancers), Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
- Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France
- ORGAPRED core facility, US PLATON, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Sophia Coffy
- Biomics, CEA, Inserm, IRIG, UA13 BGE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Audrey Vincent
- CNRS UMR9020, INSERM U1277, CANTHER Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cédric Gaggioli
- CNRS UMR7284, INSERM U1081, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), 3D-Hub-S Facility, CNRS University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Géraldine Guasch
- CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Epithelial Stem Cells and Cancer Team, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Xavier Gidrol
- Biomics, CEA, Inserm, IRIG, UA13 BGE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Louis-Bastien Weiswald
- INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancers Prevention and Treatment), BioTICLA Laboratory (Precision Medicine for Ovarian Cancers), Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France.
- ORGAPRED core facility, US PLATON, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France.
| | - Laurent Poulain
- INSERM U1086 ANTICIPE (Interdisciplinary Research Unit for Cancers Prevention and Treatment), BioTICLA Laboratory (Precision Medicine for Ovarian Cancers), Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center François Baclesse, UNICANCER, Caen, France.
- ORGAPRED core facility, US PLATON, Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France.
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6
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Moaveni AK, Amiri M, Shademan B, Farhadi A, Behroozi J, Nourazarian A. Advances and challenges in gene therapy strategies for pediatric cancer: a comprehensive update. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1382190. [PMID: 38836106 PMCID: PMC11149429 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1382190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Pediatric cancers represent a tragic but also promising area for gene therapy. Although conventional treatments have improved survival rates, there is still a need for targeted and less toxic interventions. This article critically analyzes recent advances in gene therapy for pediatric malignancies and discusses the challenges that remain. We explore the innovative vectors and delivery systems that have emerged, such as adeno-associated viruses and non-viral platforms, which show promise in addressing the unique pathophysiology of pediatric tumors. Specifically, we examine the field of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies and their adaptation for solid tumors, which historically have been more challenging to treat than hematologic malignancies. We also discuss the genetic and epigenetic complexities inherent to pediatric cancers, such as tumor heterogeneity and the dynamic tumor microenvironment, which pose significant hurdles for gene therapy. Ethical considerations specific to pediatric populations, including consent and long-term follow-up, are also analyzed. Additionally, we scrutinize the translation of research from preclinical models that often fail to mimic pediatric cancer biology to the regulatory landscapes that can either support or hinder innovation. In summary, this article provides an up-to-date overview of gene therapy in pediatric oncology, highlighting both the rapid scientific progress and the substantial obstacles that need to be addressed. Through this lens, we propose a roadmap for future research that prioritizes the safety, efficacy, and complex ethical considerations involved in treating pediatric patients. Our ultimate goal is to move from incremental advancements to transformative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Kian Moaveni
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Amiri
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Shademan
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Farhadi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Javad Behroozi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Nourazarian
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Khoy, Iran
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7
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Estevam GO, Linossi EM, Macdonald CB, Espinoza CA, Michaud JM, Coyote-Maestas W, Collisson EA, Jura N, Fraser JS. Conserved regulatory motifs in the juxtamembrane domain and kinase N-lobe revealed through deep mutational scanning of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase domain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.03.551866. [PMID: 37577651 PMCID: PMC10418267 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.03.551866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
MET is a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) responsible for initiating signaling pathways involved in development and wound repair. MET activation relies on ligand binding to the extracellular receptor, which prompts dimerization, intracellular phosphorylation, and recruitment of associated signaling proteins. Mutations, which are predominantly observed clinically in the intracellular juxtamembrane and kinase domains, can disrupt typical MET regulatory mechanisms. Understanding how juxtamembrane variants, such as exon 14 skipping (METΔEx14), and rare kinase domain mutations can increase signaling, often leading to cancer, remains a challenge. Here, we perform a parallel deep mutational scan (DMS) of the MET intracellular kinase domain in two fusion protein backgrounds: wild type and METΔEx14. Our comparative approach has revealed a critical hydrophobic interaction between a juxtamembrane segment and the kinase αC-helix, pointing to potential differences in regulatory mechanisms between MET and other RTKs. Additionally, we have uncovered a β5 motif that acts as a structural pivot for the kinase domain in MET and other TAM family of kinases. We also describe a number of previously unknown activating mutations, aiding the effort to annotate driver, passenger, and drug resistance mutations in the MET kinase domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella O. Estevam
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco,United States
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
| | - Edmond M. Linossi
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Christian B. Macdonald
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco,United States
| | - Carla A. Espinoza
- Tetrad Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, United States
| | - Jennifer M. Michaud
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco,United States
| | - Willow Coyote-Maestas
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco,United States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, United States, United States
| | - Eric A. Collisson
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, United States
- Department of Medicine/Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, United States
| | - Natalia Jura
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, United States
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, United States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, United States, United States
| | - James S. Fraser
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco,United States
- Quantitative Biosciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, United States, United States
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8
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Han Y, Yu Y, Miao D, Zhou M, Zhao J, Shao Z, Jin R, Le X, Li W, Xia Y. Targeting MET in NSCLC: An Ever-Expanding Territory. JTO Clin Res Rep 2024; 5:100630. [PMID: 38361739 PMCID: PMC10867448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2023.100630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
MET protooncogene (MET) alterations are known driver oncogenes in NSCLC. Since the identification of MET as a potential therapeutic target, extensive clinical trials have been performed. As a result, MET-targeted therapies, including MET tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and MET antibody-drug conjugates now play important roles in the standard treatment of MET-altered NSCLC; they have considerably improved the outcomes of patients with tumors that harbor MET oncogenic drivers. Although clinical agents are currently available and numerous other options are in development, particular challenges in the field require attention. For example, the therapeutic efficacy of each drug remains unsatisfactory, and concomitantly, the resistance mechanisms are not fully understood. Thus, there is an urgent need for optimal drug sequencing and combinations, along with a thorough understanding of treatment resistance. In this review, we describe the current landscape of pertinent clinical trials focusing on MET-targeted strategies and discuss future developmental directions in this rapidly expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinghui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Miao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Mo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhehua Shao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Jin
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuning Le
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wen Li
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Xia
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
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9
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Miah K, Vishwanathan K, Scarfe G, Li Y, Hara I, Cantarini M, Argue J, Menakuru SR. A Phase 1 Study to Evaluate Absolute Bioavailability and Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion of Savolitinib in Healthy Male Volunteers. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2023; 12:424-435. [PMID: 36808891 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Savolitinib is an oral MET (hepatocyte growth factor receptor) tyrosine kinase inhibitor, with demonstrated preliminary efficacy in several cancer types. Previous pharmacokinetics assessments showed that savolitinib is rapidly absorbed but there are limited data on the absolute bioavailability and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of savolitinib. This open-label, two-part, phase 1 clinical study (NCT04675021) used a radiolabeled micro-tracer approach to evaluate absolute bioavailability and a traditional approach to determine the ADME of savolitinib in healthy male adult volunteers (N = 8). Pharmacokinetics, safety, and metabolic profiling and structural identification from plasma, urine, and fecal samples were also assessed. Volunteers received a single oral savolitinib 600 mg dose followed by intravenous 100 μg of [14 C]savolitinib in Part 1 and a single oral 300 mg [14 C]savolitinib dose (≤4.1 MBq [megabecquerel] [14 C]) in Part 2. Following Part 1, absolute oral bioavailability was 69%, the median time of maximum observed concentration was 3.5 hours, and the mean terminal half-life was 6.1 hours. Following Part 2, 94% of the radioactivity administered was recovered, with 56% and 38% in urine and feces, respectively. Exposure to savolitinib and metabolites M8, M44, M2, and M3 accounted for 22%, 36%, 13%, 7%, and 2%, respectively, of plasma total radioactivity. Approximately 3% of the dose was excreted as unchanged savolitinib in urine. Most savolitinib elimination occurred via metabolism by several different pathways. No new safety signals were observed. Our data show that the oral bioavailability of savolitinib is high and the majority of savolitinib elimination occurs via metabolism and is excreted in the urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kowser Miah
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, CPSS, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karthick Vishwanathan
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, CPSS, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Graeme Scarfe
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Oncology R&D, Research & Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yan Li
- Clinical Pharmacology & Quantitative Pharmacology, CPSS, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Indira Hara
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Oncology R&D, Research & Early Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - John Argue
- Oncology Biometrics, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
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10
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Discovery of novel exceptionally potent and orally active c-MET PROTACs for the treatment of tumors with MET alterations. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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11
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Rivas S, Marín A, Samtani S, González-Feliú E, Armisén R. MET Signaling Pathways, Resistance Mechanisms, and Opportunities for Target Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213898. [PMID: 36430388 PMCID: PMC9697723 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The MET gene, known as MET proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase, was first identified to induce tumor cell migration, invasion, and proliferation/survival through canonical RAS-CDC42-PAK-Rho kinase, RAS-MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTOR, and β-catenin signaling pathways, and its driver mutations, such as MET gene amplification (METamp) and the exon 14 skipping alterations (METex14), activate cell transformation, cancer progression, and worse patient prognosis, principally in lung cancer through the overactivation of their own oncogenic and MET parallel signaling pathways. Because of this, MET driver alterations have become of interest in lung adenocarcinomas since the FDA approval of target therapies for METamp and METex14 in 2020. However, after using MET target therapies, tumor cells develop adaptative changes, favoring tumor resistance to drugs, the main current challenge to precision medicine. Here, we review a link between the resistance mechanism and MET signaling pathways, which is not only limited to MET. The resistance impacts MET parallel tyrosine kinase receptors and signals shared hubs. Therefore, this information could be relevant in the patient's mutational profile evaluation before the first target therapy prescription and follow-up to reduce the risk of drug resistance. However, to develop a resistance mechanism to a MET inhibitor, patients must have access to the drugs. For instance, none of the FDA approved MET inhibitors are registered as such in Chile and other developing countries. Constant cross-feeding between basic and clinical research will thus be required to meet future challenges imposed by the acquired resistance to targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Rivas
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7550000, Chile
| | - Arnaldo Marín
- Departamento de Oncología Básico Clínica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380000, Chile
| | - Suraj Samtani
- Departamento de Oncología Médica, Clínica Las Condes, Santiago 7550000, Chile
- Hospital Félix Bulnes, Santiago 9080000, Chile
| | - Evelin González-Feliú
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7550000, Chile
| | - Ricardo Armisén
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Instituto de Ciencias e Innovación en Medicina, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7550000, Chile
- Correspondence:
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12
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Thorel L, Florent R, Perréard M, Vincent A, Poulain L, Weiswald LB. Les tumoroïdes, modèles précliniques en plein essor pour l’oncologie. Med Sci (Paris) 2022; 38:880-887. [DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2022148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
La récente émergence des cultures d’organoïdes tumoraux, ou tumoroïdes, a permis d’enrichir le répertoire des modèles précliniques en oncologie. Très proches de la tumeur dont elles dérivent, ces microtumeurs offrent de nombreuses possibilités en termes de recherche fondamentale, telles que l’étude de la carcinogenèse ou de la chimioré-sistance, de validation préclinique de nouvelles molécules à visée anticancéreuse, ou encore de personnalisation des traitements. Divers développements techniques et l’enrichissement des tumoroïdes par l’addition d’autres types cellulaires sont actuellement en cours pour améliorer la pertinence de ces modèles et exploiter de façon optimale leur remarquable potentiel.
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13
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Xu T, Wang X, Wang Z, Deng T, Qi C, Liu D, Li Y, Ji C, Li J, Shen L. Molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance of BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer to EGFR/BRAF inhibitors. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2022; 14:17588359221105022. [PMID: 35747165 PMCID: PMC9210093 DOI: 10.1177/17588359221105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Combinatorial inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and BRAF shows remarkable clinical benefits in patients with BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, the tumor may inevitably develop resistance to the targeted therapy, thereby limiting the response rate and durability. This study aimed to determine the genetic alterations associated with intrinsic and acquired resistance to EGFR/BRAF inhibitors in BRAF V600E-mutant mCRC. Methods Targeted sequencing of 520 cancer-related genes was performed in tumor tissues and in plasma samples collected from patients with BRAF V600E-mutant mCRC, who were treated with EGFR/BRAF ± MEK inhibitors, before and after the targeted treatment. Clinical benefit was defined as an objective response or a stable disease lasting longer than the median progression-free survival (PFS). Results In all, 25 patients with BRAF V600E-mutant mCRC were included in this study. Those with RNF43 mutations (n = 8) were more likely to achieve clinical benefit from EGFR/BRAF inhibitors than those with wild-type RNF43 (87.5% versus 37.5%, p = 0.034). Genetic alterations in receptor tyrosine kinase genes (n = 6) were associated with worse PFS (p = 0.005). Among the 23 patients whose disease progressed after the EGFR/BRAF-targeted therapy, at least one acquired resistance-related mutation was detected in 12 patients. Acquired mutations were most frequently observed in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway-related genes (n = 9), including KRAS (G12D and Q61H/R), NRAS (Q61L/R/K and amplification), BRAF (amplification), and MEK1 (K57T). MET amplification and PIK3R1 Q579fs mutation emerged in three patients and one patient, respectively, after disease progression. Conclusion Multiple genetic alterations are associated with clinical benefits and resistance to EGFR/BRAF inhibitors in BRAF V600E-mutant mCRC. Our findings provide novel insights into strategies for overcoming resistance to EGFR/BRAF inhibitors in patients with BRAF V600E-mutant mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xicheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenghang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Changsong Qi
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Congcong Ji
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100142, China
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14
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Chen D, Liu J, Zang L, Xiao T, Zhang X, Li Z, Zhu H, Gao W, Yu X. Integrated Machine Learning and Bioinformatic Analyses Constructed a Novel Stemness-Related Classifier to Predict Prognosis and Immunotherapy Responses for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:360-373. [PMID: 34975338 PMCID: PMC8692161 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.66913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has made great progress in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet there is still a lack of biomarkers for predicting response to it. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are the primary cause of the tumorigenesis, metastasis, and multi-drug resistance of HCC. This study aimed to propose a novel CSCs-related cluster of HCC to predict patients' response to immunotherapy. Based on RNA-seq datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Progenitor Cell Biology Consortium (PCBC), one-class logistic regression (OCLR) algorithm was applied to compute the stemness index (mRNAsi) of HCC patients. Unsupervised consensus clustering was performed to categorize HCC patients into two stemness subtypes which further proved to be a predictor of tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) status, immunogenomic expressions and sensitivity to neoadjuvant therapies. Finally, four machine learning algorithms (LASSO, RF, SVM-RFE and XGboost) were applied to distinguish different stemness subtypes. Thus, a five-hub-gene based classifier was constructed in TCGA and ICGC HCC datasets to predict patients' stemness subtype in a more convenient and applicable way, and this novel stemness-based classification system could facilitate the prognostic prediction and guide clinical strategies of immunotherapy and targeted therapy in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Chen
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jixing Liu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China.,Department of Nephrology, Institute of Nephrology, 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, P.R. China
| | - Longjun Zang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Tijun Xiao
- Department of General Surgery, Shaoyang University Affiliated Second Hospital, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xianlin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Renhe Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wenzhe Gao
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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15
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To KKW, Cho WCS. Mesenchymal Epithelial Transition Factor (MET): A Key Player in Chemotherapy Resistance and an Emerging Target for Potentiating Cancer Immunotherapy. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2022; 22:269-285. [PMID: 35255791 DOI: 10.2174/1568009622666220307105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The MET protein is a cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase predominately expressed in epithelial cells. Upon binding of its only known ligand, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), MET homodimerizes, phosphorylates, and stimulates intracellular signalling to drive cell proliferation. Amplification or hyperactivation of MET is frequently observed in various cancer types and it is associated with poor response to conventional and targeted chemotherapy. More recently, emerging evidence also suggests that MET/HGF signalling may play an immunosuppressive role and it could confer resistance to cancer immunotherapy. In this review, we summarized the preclinical and clinical evidence of MET's role in drug resistance to conventional chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. Previous clinical trials investigating MET-targeted therapy in unselected or MET-overexpressing cancers yielded mostly unfavourable results. More recent clinical studies focusing on MET exon 14 alterations and MET amplification have produced encouraging treatment responses to MET inhibitor therapy. The translational relevance of MET inhibitor therapy to overcome drug resistance in cancer patients is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - William C S Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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Mini-review: Antibody-PET of receptor tyrosine kinase interplay and heterogeneity. Nucl Med Biol 2022; 108-109:70-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2022.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Stanislovas J, Kermorgant S. c-Met-integrin cooperation: Mechanisms, tumorigenic effects, and therapeutic relevance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:994528. [PMID: 36330337 PMCID: PMC9624249 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.994528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Met is a receptor tyrosine kinase which upon activation by its ligand, the hepatocyte growth factor, mediates many important signalling pathways that regulate cellular functions such as survival, proliferation, and migration. Its oncogenic and tumorigenic signalling mechanisms, greatly contributing to cancer development and progression, are well documented. Integrins, heterogeneous adhesion receptors which facilitate cell-extracellular matrix interactions, are important in biomechanically sensitive cell adhesion and motility but also modulate diverse cell behaviour. Here we review the studies which reported cooperation between c-Met and several integrins, particularly β1 and β4, in various cell models including many tumour cell types. From the various experimental models and results analysed, we propose that c-Met-integrin cooperation occurs via inside-out or outside-in signalling. Thus, either c-Met activation triggers integrin activation and cell adhesion or integrin adhesion to its extracellular ligand triggers c-Met activation. These two modes of cooperation require the adhesive function of integrins and mostly lead to cell migration and invasion. In a third, less conventional, mode of cooperation, the integrin plays the role of a signalling adaptor for c-Met, independently from its adhesive property, leading to anchorage independent survival. Recent studies have revealed the influence of endocytic trafficking in c-Met-integrin cooperation including the adaptor function of integrin occurring on endomembranes, triggering an inside-in signalling, believed to promote survival of metastatic cells. We present the evidence of the cooperation in vivo and in human tissues and highlight its therapeutic relevance. A better understanding of the mechanisms regulating c-Met-integrin cooperation in cancer progression could lead to the design of new therapies targeting this cooperation, providing more effective therapeutic approaches than c-Met or integrin inhibitors as monotherapies used in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justas Stanislovas
- Spatial Signalling Group, John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stéphanie Kermorgant
- Spatial Signalling Group, John Vane Science Centre, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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