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Jiang YC, Lai K, Muirhead RP, Chung LH, Yu H, James E, Liu XT, Wu J, Atkinson FS, Yan S, Fogelholm M, Raben A, Don AS, Sun J, Brand-Miller JC, Qi Y. Deep serum lipidomics identifies evaluative and predictive biomarkers for individualized glycemic responses following low-energy diet-induced weight loss: a PREVIEW sub-study. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00709-3. [PMID: 39182617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss through lifestyle interventions, notably low-energy diets, offers glycemic benefits in populations with overweight-associated prediabetes. However, more than 50% of these individuals fail to achieve normoglycemia after weight loss. Circulating lipids hold potential for evaluating dietary impacts and predicting diabetes risk. OBJECTIVE This study sought to identify serum lipids that could serve as evaluative or predictive biomarkers for individual glycemic changes following diet-induced weight loss. METHODS We studied 104 participants with overweight-associated prediabetes, who lost ≥8% weight via a low-energy diet over eight weeks. High coverage lipidomics was conducted in serum samples before and after the dietary intervention. The lipidomic recalibration was assessed using Differential Lipid Abundance Comparisons and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analyses. Associations between lipid changes and clinical characteristics were determined by Spearman's correlation and Bootstrap Forest of Ensemble Machine Learning model. Baseline lipids, predictive of glycemic parameters changes post-weight loss, were using Bootstrap Forest Analyses. RESULTS We quantified 439 serum lipid species and 9 related organic acids. Dietary intervention significantly reduced diacylglycerols, ceramides, lysophospholipids and ether-linked phosphatidylethanolamine. In contrast, acylcarnitines, short-chain fatty acids, organic acids, and ether-linked phosphatidylcholine were significantly increased. Changes in certain lipid species (e.g. saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid-containing glycerolipids, sphingadienine-based very long-chain sphingolipids and organic acids) were closely associated with clinical glycemic parameters. Six baseline bioactive sphingolipids primarily predicted changes in fasting plasma glucose. In addition, a number of baseline lipid species, mainly diacylglycerols and triglycerides, were predictive of clinical changes in hemoglobin A1c, insulin and HOMA-IR. CONCLUSIONS Newly discovered serum lipidomic alterations and the associated changes in lipid-clinical variables suggest broad metabolic reprogramming related to diet-mediated glycemic control. Novel lipid predictors of glycemic outcomes could facilitate early stratification of individuals with prediabetes who are metabolically less responsive to weight loss, enabling more tailored intervention strategies beyond one-size-fits-all lifestyle modification advice. The PREVIEW lifestyle intervention study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01777893 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT01777893).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Celia Jiang
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Kaitao Lai
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2137, Australia
| | - Roslyn Patricia Muirhead
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Long Hoa Chung
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Huang Yu
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Elizaveta James
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Xin Tracy Liu
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Julian Wu
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Barker College, Hornsby, NSW 2077, Australia
| | - Fiona S Atkinson
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Shuang Yan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Diseases, The 4(th) Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Mikael Fogelholm
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Anne Raben
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark; Clinical Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, 2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anthony Simon Don
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Jing Sun
- Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Leeds Parade, NSW 2800, Australia; School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Institute for Integrated Intelligence and Systems, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| | - Jennie Cecile Brand-Miller
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Green CD, Brown RDR, Uranbileg B, Weigel C, Saha S, Kurano M, Yatomi Y, Spiegel S. Sphingosine kinase 2 and p62 regulation are determinants of sexual dimorphism in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Metab 2024; 86:101971. [PMID: 38925249 PMCID: PMC11261290 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer mortality, and its incidence is increasing due to endemic obesity. HCC is sexually dimorphic in both humans and rodents with higher incidence in males, although the mechanisms contributing to these correlations remain unclear. Here, we examined the role of sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2), the enzyme that regulates the balance of bioactive sphingolipid metabolites, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide, in gender specific MASH-driven HCC. METHODS Male and female mice were fed a high fat diet with sugar water, a clinically relevant model that recapitulates MASH-driven HCC in humans followed by physiological, biochemical cellular and molecular analyses. In addition, correlations with increased risk of HCC recurrence were determined in patients. RESULTS Here, we report that deletion of SphK2 protects both male and female mice from Western diet-induced weight gain and metabolic dysfunction without affecting hepatic lipid accumulation or fibrosis. However, SphK2 deficiency decreases chronic diet-induced hepatocyte proliferation in males but increases it in females. Remarkably, SphK2 deficiency reverses the sexual dimorphism of HCC, as SphK2-/- male mice are protected whereas the females develop liver cancer. Only in male mice, chronic western diet induced accumulation of the autophagy receptor p62 and its downstream mediators, the antioxidant response target NQO1, and the oncogene c-Myc. SphK2 deletion repressed these known drivers of HCC development. Moreover, high p62 expression correlates with poor survival in male HCC patients but not in females. In hepatocytes, lipotoxicity-induced p62 accumulation is regulated by sex hormones and prevented by SphK2 deletion. Importantly, high SphK2 expression in male but not female HCC patients is associated with a more aggressive HCC differentiation status and increased risk of cancer recurrence. CONCLUSIONS This work identifies SphK2 as a potential regulator of HCC sexual dimorphism and suggests SphK2 inhibitors now in clinical trials could have opposing, gender-specific effects in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Ryan D R Brown
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Baasanjav Uranbileg
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Cynthia Weigel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sumit Saha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Makoto Kurano
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; CREST, JST, Japan
| | - Yutaka Yatomi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; CREST, JST, Japan
| | - Sarah Spiegel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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3
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Zhang L, Dai Z, Shi S, Yan Z, Yang J, Xue W, He Y, Mi S, Cheng C, Wang L, Li N, Tan W, Jiang Z, Sun H, Li S. SIRT3 and SIRT4 double-genes remodeled the mitochondrial network to induce hepatocellular carcinoma cell line differentiation and suppress malignant phenotypes. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116168. [PMID: 38548246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Tumor cells with damaged mitochondria undergo metabolic reprogramming, but gene therapy targeting mitochondria has not been comprehensively reported. In this study, plasmids targeting the normal hepatocyte cell line (L-O2) and hepatocellular carcinoma cell line were generated using three genes SIRT3, SIRT4, and SIRT5. These deacetylases play a variety of regulatory roles in cancer and are related to mitochondrial function. Compared with L-O2, SIRT3 and SIRT4 significantly ameliorated mitochondrial damage in HCCLM3, Hep3B and HepG2 cell lines and regulated mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy, respectively. We constructed double-gene plasmid for co-express SIRT3 and SIRT4 using the internal ribosome entry site (IRES). The results indicated that the double-gene plasmid effectively expressed SIRT3 and SIRT4, significantly improved mitochondrial quality and function, and reduced mtDNA level and oxidative stress in HCC cells. MitoTracker analysis revealed that the mitochondrial network was restored. The proliferation, migration capabilities of HCC cells were reduced, whereas their differentiation abilities were enhanced. This study demonstrated that the use of IRES-linked SIRT3 and SIRT4 double-gene vectors induced the differentiation of HCC cells and inhibited their development by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction. This intervention helped reverse metabolic reprogramming, and may provide a groundbreaking new framework for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Zhenning Dai
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Department of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development in Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Second Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou 510095, China
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medicine and Public Hygiene, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zi Yan
- Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Wanting Xue
- Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yunhao He
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Siqi Mi
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China
| | - Liangxu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Nanxiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518111, China
| | - Wei Tan
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University (Guangzhou Overseas Chinese Hospital), Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhenyou Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medicine and Public Hygiene, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Hanxiao Sun
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China.
| | - Shiyu Li
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511436, China; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Basic Medicine and Public Hygiene, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
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4
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Chen L, Wang L, Han Z, Qin P, Niu G, Du J. SKI-349, a Sphingosine Kinases 1/2 Inhibitor, Suppresses Cell Viability, Invasion, and AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway, and Shows Synergistic Cytotoxic Effects with Sorafenib in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2024; 262:173-180. [PMID: 38123304 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2023.j100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
SKI-349 is a novel sphingosine kinases (SPHK) inhibitor with anti-tumor effects. This study aimed to assess the effect of SKI-349 on cell biological behaviors, downstream pathways, and its synergistic effect with sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC cell lines (Huh7 and Hep3B) were treated with SKI-349 at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, or 8 μM. Then, SPHK1/2 activity, cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and protein expressions of phosphorylated-protein kinase B (p-AKT), AKT, phosphorylated-mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) and mTOR were detected. Combination index values of SKI-349 (0, 1, 2, 4, or 8 μM) and sorafenib (0, 2.5, 5, 10, or 20 μM) were calculated. SKI-349 decreased the relative SPHK1 and SPHK2 activity compared with blank control in a dose-dependent manner in the Huh7 and Hep3B cell lines. Meanwhile, SKI-349 reduced cell viability, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) positive cells, and invasive cells, while it increased apoptotic cells compared to blank control in a dose-dependent manner in Huh7 and Hep3B cell lines. Based on the western blot assay, SKI-349 decreased the ratio of p-AKT to AKT and that of p-mTOR to mTOR compared with blank control in a dose-dependent manner in the Huh7 and Hep3B cell lines. Additionally, SKI-349 combined with sorafenib declined cell viability with concentration gradient effects compared to SKI-349 sole treatment, and they had synergistic cytotoxic effects in Huh7 and Hep3B cell lines. SKI-349 suppresses SPHK1 and SPHK2 activity, cell viability, invasion, and AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, as well as exhibits a synergistic cytotoxic effect with sorafenib in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiao Chen
- Department of Basic Medical, Xingtai Medical College
| | | | - Zongqi Han
- Department of Basic Medical, Xingtai Medical College
| | - Peng Qin
- Department of Vascular Intervention, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xingtai Medical College
| | - Guangxu Niu
- Department of Pathology, Handan Central Hospital
| | - Jingxia Du
- Department of Basic Medical, Xingtai Medical College
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5
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Nojima H, Shimizu H, Murakami T, Shuto K, Koda K. Critical Roles of the Sphingolipid Metabolic Pathway in Liver Regeneration, Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression and Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:850. [PMID: 38473211 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16050850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipid metabolic pathway, an important signaling pathway, plays a crucial role in various physiological processes including cell proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and immune regulation. The liver has the unique ability to regenerate using bioactive lipid mediators involving multiple sphingolipids, including ceramide and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Dysregulation of the balance between sphingomyelin, ceramide, and S1P has been implicated in the regulation of liver regeneration and diseases, including liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Understanding and modulating this balance may have therapeutic implications for tumor proliferation, progression, and metastasis in HCC. For cancer therapy, several inhibitors and activators of sphingolipid signaling, including ABC294640, SKI-II, and FTY720, have been discussed. Here, we elucidate the critical roles of the sphingolipid pathway in the regulation of liver regeneration, fibrosis, and HCC. Regulation of sphingolipids and their corresponding enzymes may considerably influence new insights into therapies for various liver disorders and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nojima
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3, Anesaki, Ichihara, Chiba 299-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shimizu
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3, Anesaki, Ichihara, Chiba 299-0011, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3, Anesaki, Ichihara, Chiba 299-0011, Japan
| | - Kiyohiko Shuto
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3, Anesaki, Ichihara, Chiba 299-0011, Japan
| | - Keiji Koda
- Department of Surgery, Teikyo University Chiba Medical Center, 3426-3, Anesaki, Ichihara, Chiba 299-0011, Japan
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Holm A, Graus MS, Wylie-Sears J, Borgelt L, Heng Tan JW, Nasim S, Chung L, Jain A, Sun M, Sun L, Brouillard P, Lekwuttikarn R, Kozakewich H, Qi JY, Teng JC, Mulliken JB, Vikkula M, Francois M, Bischoff J. An endothelial SOX18-mevalonate pathway axis enables repurposing of statins for infantile hemangioma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.29.577829. [PMID: 39026886 PMCID: PMC11257613 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.29.577829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common tumor in children and a paradigm for pathological vasculogenesis, angiogenesis and regression. Propranolol is the mainstay of treatment for IH. It inhibits hemangioma vessel formation via a β-adrenergic receptor independent off-target effect of its R(+) enantiomer on the endothelial specific transcription factor sex-determining region Y (SRY) box transcription factor 18 (SOX18). Transcriptomic profiling of patient-derived hemangioma stem cells uncovered the mevalonate pathway (MVP) as a target of R(+) propranolol. Loss of SOX18 function confirmed R(+) propranolol mode of action on the MVP. Functional validation in preclinical IH models revealed that statins - targeting the MVP - are potent inhibitors of hemangioma vessel formation. We propose a novel SOX18-MVP-axis as a central regulator of IH pathogenesis and suggest statin repurposing to treat IH. Our findings reveal novel pleiotropic effects of beta-blockers and statins acting on the SOX18-MVP axis to disable an endothelial specific program in IH, which may impact other scenarios involving pathological vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Graphical abstract
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Barupal DK, Ramos ML, Florio AA, Wheeler WA, Weinstein SJ, Albanes D, Fiehn O, Graubard BI, Petrick JL, McGlynn KA. Identification of pre-diagnostic lipid sets associated with liver cancer risk using untargeted lipidomics and chemical set analysis: A nested case-control study within the ATBC cohort. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:454-464. [PMID: 37694774 PMCID: PMC10845132 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
In pre-disposed individuals, a reprogramming of the hepatic lipid metabolism may support liver cancer initiation. We conducted a high-resolution mass spectrometry based untargeted lipidomics analysis of pre-diagnostic serum samples from a nested case-control study (219 liver cancer cases and 219 controls) within the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study. Out of 462 annotated lipids, 158 (34.2%) were associated with liver cancer risk in a conditional logistic regression analysis at a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.05. A chemical set enrichment analysis (ChemRICH) and co-regulatory set analysis suggested that 22/28 lipid classes and 47/83 correlation modules were significantly associated with liver cancer risk (FDR <0.05). Strong positive associations were observed for monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), triacylglycerols (TAGs) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) having MUFA acyl chains. Negative associations were observed for sphingolipids (ceramides and sphingomyelins), lysophosphatidylcholines, cholesterol esters and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) containing TAGs and PCs. Stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme 1 (SCD1), a rate limiting enzyme in fatty acid metabolism and ceramidases seems to be critical in this reprogramming. In conclusion, our study reports pre-diagnostic lipid changes that provide novel insights into hepatic lipid metabolism reprogramming may contribute to a pro-cell growth and anti-apoptotic tissue environment and, in turn, support liver cancer initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Barupal
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark L Ramos
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea A Florio
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Stephanie J Weinstein
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Demetrius Albanes
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Barry I Graubard
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jessica L Petrick
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Katherine A McGlynn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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8
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Liu XT, Huang Y, Liu D, Jiang YC, Zhao M, Chung LH, Han XD, Zhao Y, Chen J, Coleman P, Ting KK, Tran C, Su Y, Dennis CV, Bhatnagar A, Liu K, Don AS, Vadas MA, Gorrell MD, Zhang S, Murray M, Kavurma MM, McCaughan GW, Gamble JR, Qi Y. Targeting the SphK1/S1P/PFKFB3 axis suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression by disrupting glycolytic energy supply that drives tumor angiogenesis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:43. [PMID: 38200582 PMCID: PMC10782643 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04830-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a leading life-threatening health challenge worldwide, with pressing needs for novel therapeutic strategies. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1), a well-established pro-cancer enzyme, is aberrantly overexpressed in a multitude of malignancies, including HCC. Our previous research has shown that genetic ablation of Sphk1 mitigates HCC progression in mice. Therefore, the development of PF-543, a highly selective SphK1 inhibitor, opens a new avenue for HCC treatment. However, the anti-cancer efficacy of PF-543 has not yet been investigated in primary cancer models in vivo, thereby limiting its further translation. METHODS Building upon the identification of the active form of SphK1 as a viable therapeutic target in human HCC specimens, we assessed the capacity of PF-543 in suppressing tumor progression using a diethylnitrosamine-induced mouse model of primary HCC. We further delineated its underlying mechanisms in both HCC and endothelial cells. Key findings were validated in Sphk1 knockout mice and lentiviral-mediated SphK1 knockdown cells. RESULTS SphK1 activity was found to be elevated in human HCC tissues. Administration of PF-543 effectively abrogated hepatic SphK1 activity and significantly suppressed HCC progression in diethylnitrosamine-treated mice. The primary mechanism of action was through the inhibition of tumor neovascularization, as PF-543 disrupted endothelial cell angiogenesis even in a pro-angiogenic milieu. Mechanistically, PF-543 induced proteasomal degradation of the critical glycolytic enzyme 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3, thus restricting the energy supply essential for tumor angiogenesis. These effects of PF-543 could be reversed upon S1P supplementation in an S1P receptor-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first in vivo evidence supporting the potential of PF-543 as an effective anti-HCC agent. It also uncovers previously undescribed links between the pro-cancer, pro-angiogenic and pro-glycolytic roles of the SphK1/S1P/S1P receptor axis. Importantly, unlike conventional anti-HCC drugs that target individual pro-angiogenic drivers, PF-543 impairs the PFKFB3-dictated glycolytic energy engine that fuels tumor angiogenesis, representing a novel and potentially safer therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tracy Liu
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Yu Huang
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Da Liu
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Yingxin Celia Jiang
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Min Zhao
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, QLD, 4558, Australia
| | - Long Hoa Chung
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Xingxing Daisy Han
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Yinan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinbiao Chen
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Paul Coleman
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Ka Ka Ting
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Collin Tran
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Yingying Su
- Sydney Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Claude Vincent Dennis
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Atul Bhatnagar
- Sydney Mass Spectrometry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ken Liu
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Anthony Simon Don
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Mathew Alexander Vadas
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Mark Douglas Gorrell
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian, 116600, Liaoning, China
| | - Michael Murray
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Geoffrey William McCaughan
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
- AW Morrow Gastroenterology and Liver Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Jennifer Ruth Gamble
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Yanfei Qi
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.
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9
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Wang X, Liu C, Wang J, Tian Z. Resveratrol suppresses NSCLC cell growth, invasion and migration by mediating Wnt/β-catenin pathway via downregulating SIX4 and SPHK2. J Chemother 2023:1-11. [PMID: 37968995 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2281759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RSV) has been found to have a cancer-suppressing effect in a variety of cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Studies have shown that sine oculis homeobox 4 (SIX4) and sphingosine kinase 2 (SPHK2) are tumour promoters of NSCLC. However, whether RSV regulates SIX4 and SPHK2 to mediate NSCLC cell functions remains unclear. NSCLC cell functions were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, flow cytometry, transwell assay and wound healing assay. Protein expression levels were detected by western blot. SIX4 and SPHK2 mRNA levels in NSCLC tumour tissues were examined using quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, mice xenograft models were built to explore the impact of RSV on NSCLC tumour growth. RSV inhibited NSCLC cell proliferation, invasion and migration, while facilitated apoptosis. SIX4 and SPHK2 were up-regulated in NSCLC tissues and cells, and their expression was reduced by RSV. Knockdown of SIX4 and SPHK2 suppressed NSCLC cell growth, invasion and migration, and the regulation of RSV on NSCLC cell functions could be reversed by SIX4 and SPHK2 overexpression. RSV inactivated Wnt/β-catenin pathway via decreasing SIX4 and SPHK2 levels. In animal experiments, RSV reduced NSCLC tumour growth in vivo. RSV repressed NSCLC malignant process by decreasing SIX4 and SPHK2 levels to restrain the activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Caixia Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zexiang Tian
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia, China
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10
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Kim KM, Shin EJ, Yang JH, Ki SH. Integrative roles of sphingosine kinase in liver pathophysiology. Toxicol Res 2023; 39:549-564. [PMID: 37779595 PMCID: PMC10541397 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive sphingolipids and enzymes that metabolize sphingolipid-related substances have been considered as critical messengers in various signaling pathways. One such enzyme is the crucial lipid kinase, sphingosine kinase (SphK), which mediates the conversion of sphingosine to the potent signaling substance, sphingosine-1-phosphate. Several studies have demonstrated that SphK metabolism is strictly regulated to maintain the homeostatic balance of cells. Here, we summarize the role of SphK in the course of liver disease and illustrate its effects on both physiological and pathological conditions of the liver. SphK has been implicated in a variety of liver diseases, such as steatosis, liver fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and hepatic failure. This study may advance the understanding of the cellular and molecular foundations of liver disease and establish therapeutic approaches via SphK modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Min Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jin Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju, Jeollanam-Do 58245 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hwan Ki
- College of Pharmacy, Chosun University, 309 Pilmun-Daero, Dong-Gu, Gwangju, 61452 Republic of Korea
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11
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Foglia B, Beltrà M, Sutti S, Cannito S. Metabolic Reprogramming of HCC: A New Microenvironment for Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087463. [PMID: 37108625 PMCID: PMC10138633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common primary liver cancer, ranking third among the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide and whose incidence varies according to geographical area and ethnicity. Metabolic rewiring was recently introduced as an emerging hallmark able to affect tumor progression by modulating cancer cell behavior and immune responses. This review focuses on the recent studies examining HCC's metabolic traits, with particular reference to the alterations of glucose, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism, the three major metabolic changes that have gained attention in the field of HCC. After delivering a panoramic picture of the peculiar immune landscape of HCC, this review will also discuss how the metabolic reprogramming of liver cancer cells can affect, directly or indirectly, the microenvironment and the function of the different immune cell populations, eventually favoring the tumor escape from immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Foglia
- Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Marc Beltrà
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvatore Sutti
- Department of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Research Center for Autoimmune Diseases, University of East Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Cannito
- Unit of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
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12
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Tallima H, El Ridi R. Mechanisms of Arachidonic Acid In Vitro Tumoricidal Impact. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041727. [PMID: 36838715 PMCID: PMC9966399 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
To promote the potential of arachidonic acid (ARA) for cancer prevention and management, experiments were implemented to disclose the mechanisms of its tumoricidal action. Hepatocellular, lung, and breast carcinoma and normal hepatocytes cell lines were exposed to 0 or 50 μM ARA for 30 min and then assessed for proliferative capacity, surface membrane-associated sphingomyelin (SM) content, neutral sphingomyelinase (nSMase) activity, beta 2 microglobulin (β2 m) expression, and ceramide (Cer) levels. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and caspase 3/7 activity were evaluated. Exposure to ARA for 30 min led to impairment of the tumor cells' proliferative capacity and revealed that the different cell lines display remarkably similar surface membrane SM content but diverse responses to ARA treatment. Arachidonic acid tumoricidal impact was shown to be associated with nSMase activation, exposure of cell surface membrane β2 m to antibody binding, and hydrolysis of SM to Cer, which accumulated on the cell surface and in the cytosol. The ARA and Cer-mediated inhibition of tumor cell viability appeared to be independent of ROS generation or caspase 3/7 activation. The data were compared and contrasted to findings reported in the literature on ARA tumoricidal mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem Tallima
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Rashika El Ridi
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
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