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Fu K, Zhou Q, Wang H. Variability in Microbial Communities Driven by Particulate Matter on Human Facial Skin. TOXICS 2024; 12:497. [PMID: 39058149 PMCID: PMC11280976 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Microbial communities are known to play an important role in maintaining ecological balance and can be used as an indicator for assessing environmental pollution. Numerous studies have revealed that air pollution can alter the structure of microbial communities, which may increase health risks. Nevertheless, the relationships between microbial communities and particulate matter (PM) caused by air pollution in terms of health risk assessment are not well understood. This study aimed to validate the influences of PM chemical compositions on microbial communities and assess the associated health risks. Our results, based on similarity analysis, revealed that the stability structure of the microbial communities had a similarity greater than 73%. In addition, the altered richness and diversity of microbial communities were significantly associated with PM chemical compositions. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) exerted a positive influence on microbial communities in different environmental variables. Additionally, a stronger linear correlation was observed between hydroxyl radicals (·OH) and the richness of microbial communities. All estimated health risks from PM chemical compositions, calculated under different environmental variables, significantly exceeded the acceptable level by a factor of more than 49. Cr and 1,2-Dibromoethane displayed dual adverse effects of non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. Overall, the study provides insights into the fundamental mechanisms of the variability in microbial communities driven by PM, which may support the crucial role of PM chemical compositions in the risk of microorganisms in the atmospheric environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Fu
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (K.F.)
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Qixing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Carbon Neutrality Interdisciplinary Science Centre/College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Heli Wang
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (K.F.)
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2
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Hülpüsch C, Rohayem R, Reiger M, Traidl-Hoffmann C. Exploring the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis pathogenesis and disease modification. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 154:31-41. [PMID: 38761999 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2024.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis [AD]) affect children and adults globally. In AD, the skin barrier is impaired on multiple levels. Underlying factors include genetic, chemical, immunologic, and microbial components. Increased skin pH in AD is part of the altered microbial microenvironment that promotes overgrowth of the skin microbiome with Staphylococcus aureus. The secretion of virulence factors, such as toxins and proteases, by S aureus further aggravates the skin barrier deficiency and additionally disrupts the balance of an already skewed immune response. Skin commensal bacteria, however, can inhibit the growth and pathogenicity of S aureus through quorum sensing. Therefore, restoring a healthy skin microbiome could contribute to remission induction in AD. This review discusses direct and indirect approaches to targeting the skin microbiome through modulation of the skin pH; UV treatment; and use of prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics. Furthermore, exploratory techniques such as skin microbiome transplantation, ozone therapy, and phage therapy are discussed. Finally, we summarize the latest findings on disease and microbiome modification through targeted immunomodulatory systemic treatments and biologics. We believe that targeting the skin microbiome should be considered a crucial component of successful AD treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hülpüsch
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany; Christine-Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Robin Rohayem
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Christine-Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland; Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Reiger
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Traidl-Hoffmann
- Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany; Chair of Environmental Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Environmental Medicine, Helmholtz Center Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Augsburg, Germany; Christine-Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education, Davos, Switzerland; ZIEL-Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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3
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Yamazaki Y, Ito T, Tamai M, Nakagawa S, Nakamura Y. The role of Staphylococcus aureus quorum sensing in cutaneous and systemic infections. Inflamm Regen 2024; 44:9. [PMID: 38429810 PMCID: PMC10905890 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-024-00323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of human bacterial infections worldwide. It is the most common causative agent of skin and soft tissue infections, and can also cause various other infections, including pneumonia, osteomyelitis, as well as life-threatening infections, such as sepsis and infective endocarditis. The pathogen can also asymptomatically colonize human skin, nasal cavity, and the intestine. S. aureus colonizes approximately 20-30% of human nostrils, being an opportunistic pathogen for subsequent infection. Its strong ability to silently spread via human contact makes it difficult to eradicate S. aureus. A major concern with S. aureus is its capacity to develop antibiotic resistance and adapt to diverse environmental conditions. The variability in the accessory gene regulator (Agr) region of the genome contributes to a spectrum of phenotypes within the bacterial population, enhancing the likelihood of survival in different environments. Agr functions as a central quorum sensing (QS) system in S. aureus, allowing bacteria to adjust gene expression in response to population density. Depending on Agr expression, S. aureus secretes various toxins, contributing to virulence in infectious diseases. Paradoxically, expressing Agr may be disadvantageous in certain situations, such as in hospitals, causing S. aureus to generate Agr mutants responsible for infections in healthcare settings. MAIN BODY This review aims to demonstrate the molecular mechanisms governing the diverse phenotypes of S. aureus, ranging from a harmless colonizer to an organism capable of infecting various human organs. Emphasis will be placed on QS and its role in orchestrating S. aureus behavior across different contexts. SHORT CONCLUSION The pathophysiology of S. aureus infection is substantially influenced by phenotypic changes resulting from factors beyond Agr. Future studies are expected to give the comprehensive understanding of S. aureus overall profile in various settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriko Yamazaki
- Cutaneous Allergy and Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka, University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoka Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masakazu Tamai
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Seitaro Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuumi Nakamura
- Cutaneous Allergy and Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka, University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Department of Dermatology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
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Jain A, Meshram RJ, Lohiya S, Patel A, Kaplish D. Exploring the Microbial Landscape of Neonatal Skin Flora: A Comprehensive Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e52972. [PMID: 38406113 PMCID: PMC10894447 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review explores the intricate landscape of the neonatal skin microbiome, shedding light on its dynamic composition, developmental nuances, and influential factors. The neonatal period represents a critical window during which microbial colonization significantly impacts local skin health and the foundational development of the immune system. Factors such as mode of delivery and gestational age underscore the vulnerability of neonates to disruptions in microbial establishment. Key findings emphasize the broader systemic implications of the neonatal skin microbiome, extending beyond immediate health outcomes to influence susceptibility to infections, allergies, and immune-related disorders. This review advocates for a paradigm shift in neonatal care, proposing strategies to preserve and promote a healthy skin microbiome for long-term health benefits. The implications of this research extend to public health, where interventions targeting the neonatal skin microbiome could potentially mitigate diseases originating in early life. As we navigate the intersection of research and practical applications, bridging the gap between knowledge and implementation becomes imperative for translating these findings into evidence-based practices and improving neonatal well-being on a broader scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Jain
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Revat J Meshram
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sham Lohiya
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ankita Patel
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Divyanshi Kaplish
- Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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5
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Shen Z, Robert L, Stolpman M, Che Y, Allen KJ, Saffery R, Walsh A, Young A, Eckert J, Deming C, Chen Q, Conlan S, Laky K, Li JM, Chatman L, Kashaf SS, Kong HH, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA, Perrett KP, Segre JA. A genome catalog of the early-life human skin microbiome. Genome Biol 2023; 24:252. [PMID: 37946302 PMCID: PMC10636849 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-023-03090-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metagenome-assembled genomes have greatly expanded the reference genomes for skin microbiome. However, the current reference genomes are largely based on samples from adults in North America and lack representation from infants and individuals from other continents. RESULTS Here we use deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing to profile the skin microbiota of 215 infants at age 2-3 months and 12 months who are part of the VITALITY trial in Australia as well as 67 maternally matched samples. Based on the infant samples, we present the Early-Life Skin Genomes (ELSG) catalog, comprising 9483 prokaryotic genomes from 1056 species, 206 fungal genomes from 13 species, and 39 eukaryotic viral sequences. This genome catalog substantially expands the diversity of species previously known to comprise human skin microbiome and improves the classification rate of sequenced data by 21%. The protein catalog derived from these genomes provides insights into the functional elements such as defense mechanisms that distinguish early-life skin microbiome. We also find evidence for microbial sharing at the community, bacterial species, and strain levels between mothers and infants. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the ELSG catalog uncovers the skin microbiome of a previously underrepresented age group and population and provides a comprehensive view of human skin microbiome diversity, function, and development in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Shen
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lukian Robert
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Milan Stolpman
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - You Che
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Katrina J Allen
- Population Allergy, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Audrey Walsh
- Population Allergy, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Angela Young
- Population Allergy, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jana Eckert
- Population Allergy, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Clay Deming
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qiong Chen
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sean Conlan
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Karen Laky
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jenny Min Li
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay Chatman
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sara Saheb Kashaf
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Heidi H Kong
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Kirsten P Perrett
- Population Allergy, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Julia A Segre
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Shen Z, Robert L, Stolpman M, Che Y, Walsh A, Saffery R, Allen KJ, Eckert J, Young A, Deming C, Chen Q, Conlan S, Laky K, Li JM, Chatman L, Saheb Kashaf S, Kong HH, Frischmeyer-Guerrerio PA, Perrett KP, Segre JA. A genome catalog of the early-life human skin microbiome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.22.541509. [PMID: 37398010 PMCID: PMC10312837 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.22.541509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Metagenome-assembled genomes have greatly expanded the reference genomes for skin microbiome. However, the current reference genomes are largely based on samples from adults in North America and lack representation from infants and individuals from other continents. Here we used ultra-deep shotgun metagenomic sequencing to profile the skin microbiota of 215 infants at age 2-3 months and 12 months who were part of the VITALITY trial in Australia as well as 67 maternally-matched samples. Based on the infant samples, we present the Early-Life Skin Genomes (ELSG) catalog, comprising 9,194 bacterial genomes from 1,029 species, 206 fungal genomes from 13 species, and 39 eukaryotic viral sequences. This genome catalog substantially expands the diversity of species previously known to comprise human skin microbiome and improves the classification rate of sequenced data by 25%. The protein catalog derived from these genomes provides insights into the functional elements such as defense mechanisms that distinguish early-life skin microbiome. We also found evidence for vertical transmission at the microbial community, individual skin bacterial species and strain levels between mothers and infants. Overall, the ELSG catalog uncovers the skin microbiome of a previously underrepresented age group and population and provides a comprehensive view of human skin microbiome diversity, function, and transmission in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyang Shen
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lukian Robert
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Milan Stolpman
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - You Che
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Audrey Walsh
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katrina J. Allen
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jana Eckert
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela Young
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clay Deming
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Qiong Chen
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sean Conlan
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Karen Laky
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jenny Min Li
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lindsay Chatman
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sara Saheb Kashaf
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - VITALITY team
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Heidi H. Kong
- Dermatology Branch, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Kirsten P. Perrett
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Food and Allergy Research, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Allergy & Immunology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia A. Segre
- Microbial Genomics Section, Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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The dynamic balance of the skin microbiome across the lifespan. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:71-86. [PMID: 36606709 PMCID: PMC9988004 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
For decades research has centered on identifying the ideal balanced skin microbiome that prevents disease and on developing therapeutics to foster this balance. However, this single idealized balance may not exist. The skin microbiome changes across the lifespan. This is reflected in the dynamic shifts of the skin microbiome's diverse, inter-connected community of microorganisms with age. While there are core skin microbial taxa, the precise community composition for any individual person is determined by local skin physiology, genetics, microbe-host interactions, and microbe-microbe interactions. As a key interface with the environment, the skin surface and its appendages are also constantly exchanging microbes with close personal contacts and the environment. Hormone fluctuations and immune system maturation also drive age-dependent changes in skin physiology that support different microbial community structures over time. Here, we review recent insights into the factors that shape the skin microbiome throughout life. Collectively, the works summarized within this review highlight how, depending on where we are in lifespan, our skin supports robust microbial communities, while still maintaining microbial features unique to us. This review will also highlight how disruptions to this dynamic microbial balance can influence risk for dermatological diseases as well as impact lifelong health.
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8
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Caldwell R, Zhou W, Oh J. Strains to go: interactions of the skin microbiome beyond its species. Curr Opin Microbiol 2022; 70:102222. [PMID: 36242896 PMCID: PMC9701184 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2022.102222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
An extraordinary biodiversity of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and even small multicellular eukaryota inhabit the human skin. Genomic innovations have accelerated characterization of this biodiversity both at a species as well as the subspecies, or strain level, which further imparts a tremendous genetic diversity to an individual's skin microbiome. In turn, these advances portend significant species- and strain-specificity in the skin microbiome's functional impact on cutaneous immunity, barrier integrity, aging, and other skin physiologic processes. Future advances in defining strain diversity, spatial distribution, and metabolic diversity for major skin species will be foundational for understanding the microbiome's essentiality to the skin ecosystem and for designing topical therapeutics that leverage or target the skin microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Caldwell
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Wei Zhou
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States
| | - Julia Oh
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States.
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9
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OLESEN CM, CLAUSEN ML, AGNER T, ASPLUND M, RASMUSSEN L, YÜKSEL YT, ANDERSEN PS, LITMAN T, HANSEN AJ, BARNES CJ. Altered Maturation of the Skin Microbiome in Infants with Atopic Dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol 2022; 102:adv00817. [PMID: 35818733 PMCID: PMC9811288 DOI: 10.2340/actadv.v102.2275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the early-life development of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis. Nineteen infants with atopic dermatitis and 19 healthy infants were evaluated 3 times, at 3 months intervals, within the first 30 months of life. Tape-strips were collected from volar forearms, cheeks, and eczema lesions, and the skin microbiome was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Both the community structure and richness of the skin microbiome of infants with atopic dermatitis differed significantly from that of healthy infants, with greater richness in healthy infants. For infants with atopic dermatitis, the community composition was not dominated by Staphylococci. For healthy infants, community composition and richness correlated significantly with age, while such a pattern was not revealed in infants with atopic dermatitis. This suggests a slower maturation of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis, which precedes the staphylococcal predominance observed in older children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline M. OLESEN
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen
| | - Maja-Lisa CLAUSEN
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen
| | - Tove AGNER
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen
| | - Maria ASPLUND
- The Globe Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen
| | - Linett RASMUSSEN
- The Globe Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen
| | - Yasemine T. YÜKSEL
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen
| | - Paal S. ANDERSEN
- Department of Bacteria, Parasites and Fungi, Statens Serum Institute
| | - Thomas LITMAN
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders J. HANSEN
- The Globe Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Copenhagen
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10
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Abstract
Our skin is the interface through which we mediate lifelong interactions with our surrounding environment. Initial development of the skin's epidermis, adnexal structures, and barrier function is necessary for normal cutaneous microbial colonization, immune development, and prevention of disease. Early life microbial exposures can have unique and long-lasting impacts on skin health. The identity of neonatal skin microbes and the context in which they are first encountered, i.e., through a compromised skin barrier or in conjunction with cutaneous inflammation, can have additional short- and long-term health consequences. Here, we discuss key attributes of infant skin and endogenous and exogenous factors that shape its relationship to the early life cutaneous microbiome, with a focus on their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Dwyer
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany C Scharschmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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11
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Hertiš Petek T, Petek M, Petek T, Marčun Varda N. Emerging Links between Microbiome Composition and Skin Immunology in Diaper Dermatitis: A Narrative Review. CHILDREN 2022; 9:children9010112. [PMID: 35053737 PMCID: PMC8775025 DOI: 10.3390/children9010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Diaper dermatitis is a common type of irritant contact dermatitis occurring in infants and toddlers. Its occurrence is triggered by an unfavorable environment under the diaper, damage to skin integrity by fecal enzyme degradation, overhydration and disruption of the lipid bilayer structure facilitating the entry of irritants and microorganisms. In diaper dermatitis development, the central proinflammatory cytokines are IL-1α, IL-8 and TNF-α. The initial release of IL-1α and TNF-α starts a further cascade of pro-inflammatory chemo- and cytokines, resulting in inflammation and erythema of the skin. A recently recognized factor in diaper dermatitis is the composition of the skin microbiome; common pathogenic strains Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus are associated with skin irritation. The resulting impaired microbiome composition produces a local inflammatory response and may thus worsen the initial dermatitis clinical presentation and subsequent healing. Introduction of probiotics is an attractive treatment for microbiome modulation, which has shown success in other skin conditions in adults and children. Probiotics are thought to work as a protective shield against irritants, maintain low skin pH, secrete beneficial metabolites, and block pathogen invasion. There is preliminary evidence that certain probiotics given orally or topically could be used as a gentle intervention in diaper dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjaša Hertiš Petek
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.P.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-(0)2-321-2110
| | - Maya Petek
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Tadej Petek
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.P.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Nataša Marčun Varda
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (T.P.); (N.M.V.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
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Karimova M, Moyes D, Ide M, Setterfield JF. The human microbiome in immunobullous disorders and lichen planus. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 47:522-528. [PMID: 34669983 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For several decades, there has been a significant growth in the incidence of autoimmune diseases. Studies indicate that genetic factors may not be the only trigger for disease development and that dysbiosis of the microbiome may be another mechanism involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The role of the microbiome in the development of common skin disorders such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, acne and rosacea is increasingly well understood. However, few studies have focused on lichen planus and the rare acquired immunobullous diseases, both mucocutaneous groups of disorders linked to skin, oral and gut microbiomes. This review provides an insight into the current understanding of how the microbiome may contribute to the development of autoimmunity and to the maintenance and exacerbation of acquired immunobullous and lichenoid diseases. These mechanisms may have implications for future preventive and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karimova
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction (CHMI), Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Moyes
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction (CHMI), Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Ide
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction (CHMI), Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Department of Periodontology, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions (CHMI), Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - J F Setterfield
- Centre for Host Microbiome Interaction (CHMI), Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,St John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Oral Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Lunjani N, Ahearn-Ford S, Dube FS, Hlela C, O'Mahony L. Mechanisms of microbe-immune system dialogue within the skin. Genes Immun 2021; 22:276-288. [PMID: 33993202 PMCID: PMC8497273 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-021-00133-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and severity of dermatological conditions such as atopic dermatitis have increased dramatically during recent decades. Many of the factors associated with an altered risk of developing inflammatory skin disorders have also been shown to alter the composition and diversity of non-pathogenic microbial communities that inhabit the human host. While the most densely microbial populated organ is the gut, culture and non-culture-based technologies have revealed a dynamic community of bacteria, fungi, viruses and mites that exist on healthy human skin, which change during disease. In this review, we highlight some of the recent findings on the mechanisms through which microbes interact with each other on the skin and the signalling systems that mediate communication between the immune system and skin-associated microbes. In addition, we summarize the ongoing clinical studies that are targeting the microbiome in patients with skin disorders. While significant efforts are still required to decipher the mechanisms underpinning host-microbe communication relevant to skin health, it is likely that disease-related microbial communities, or Dermatypes, will help identify personalized treatments and appropriate microbial reconstitution strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonhlanhla Lunjani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Felix S Dube
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carol Hlela
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Liam O'Mahony
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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