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Fang H, Li X, Lin D, Wang L, Yang T, Yang B. Inhibition of intrarenal PRR-RAS pathway by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptides in proteinuric nephropathy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127336. [PMID: 37852403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Excessive proteinuria leads to renal dysfunction and damage. Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide (GL-PP) and Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptide 2 (GL-PP2) are biologically active compounds extracted from Ganoderma lucidum. GL-PP has a relative molecular weight of 37,121 with 76.39 % polysaccharides and 16.35 % polypeptides, while GL-PP2 has a relative molecular weight of 31,130, composed of 64.14 % polysaccharides and 17.73 % polypeptides. The xylose: mannose: glucose monosaccharide ratios in GL-PP and GL-PP2 were 4.83:1:7.03 and 2.35:1:9.38, respectively. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of GL-PP and GL-PP2 on proteinuria-induced renal dysfunction and damage using rat and cell models. Both compounds reduced kidney injury, proteinuria, and inhibited the (pro)renin receptor (PRR)-renin-angiotensin system (RAS) pathway, inflammatory cell infiltration, oxidative stress, and fibrosis. GL-PP2 showed stronger inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase proteins compared to GL-PP. In cell models, both compounds displayed anti-inflammatory properties and improved cellular viability by inhibiting the PRR-RAS pathway. GL-PP2 has higher feasibility and productivity than GL-PP in pharmacology and industrial production. It shows promise in treating proteinuria-induced renal disease with superior anti-inflammatory effects and economic, safe industrial application prospects. Further research is needed to compare efficacy, mechanisms, clinical applications, and commercial feasibility of GL-PP and GL-PP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology in Universities of Shandong, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China.
| | - Xinxuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology in Universities of Shandong, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Dongmei Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lianfu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Teng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Pharmacology in Universities of Shandong, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, Shandong, China
| | - Baoxue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100083, China
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Akasaka Y, Hasei S, Ohata Y, Kanna M, Nakatsu Y, Sakoda H, Fujishiro M, Kushiyama A, Ono H, Matsubara A, Hinata N, Asano T, Yamamotoya T. Auraptene Enhances AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation and Thereby Inhibits the Proliferation, Migration and Expression of Androgen Receptors and Prostate-Specific Antigens in Prostate Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16011. [PMID: 37958994 PMCID: PMC10650886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242116011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus hassaku extract reportedly activates AMPK. Because this extract contains an abundance of auraptene, we investigated whether pure auraptene activates AMPK and inhibits proliferation using prostate cancer cell lines. Indeed, auraptene inhibited the proliferation and migration of LNCaP cells and induced phosphorylation of AMPK or its downstream ACC in LNCaP, PC3, and HEK-293 cells, but not in DU145 cells not expressing LKB1. In addition, the mTOR-S6K pathway, located downstream from activated AMPK, was also markedly suppressed by auraptene treatment. Importantly, it was shown that auraptene reduced androgen receptor (AR) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expressions at both the protein and the mRNA level. This auraptene-induced downregulation of PSA was partially but significantly reversed by treatment with AMPK siRNA or the AMPK inhibitor compound C, suggesting AMPK activation to, at least partially, be causative. Finally, in DU145 cells lacking the LKB1 gene, exogenously induced LKB1 expression restored AMPK phosphorylation by auraptene, indicating the essential role of LKB1. In summary, auraptene is a potent AMPK activator that acts by elevating the AMP/ATP ratio, thereby potentially suppressing prostate cancer progression, via at least three molecular mechanisms, including suppression of the mTOR-S6K pathway, reduced lipid synthesis, and AR downregulation caused by AMPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Akasaka
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Shun Hasei
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yukino Ohata
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Machi Kanna
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakatsu
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Sakoda
- Department of Bioregulatory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Midori Fujishiro
- Division of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Akifumi Kushiyama
- Department of Pharmacotherapy, Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Kiyose 204-8588, Japan
| | - Hiraku Ono
- Department of Clinical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Akio Matsubara
- Department of Urology, JA Hiroshima General Hospital, Hatsukaichi 738-8503, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Hinata
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamotoya
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
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Kou F, Ge Y, Wang W, Mei Y, Cao L, Wei X, Xiao H, Wu X. A review of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides: Health benefit, structure-activity relationship, modification, and nanoparticle encapsulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125199. [PMID: 37285888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides possess unique functional properties. Various processing technologies have been used to produce and modify G. lucidum polysaccharides to improve their yield and utilization. In this review, the structure and health benefits were summarized, and the factors that may affect the quality of G. lucidum polysaccharides were discussed, including the use of chemical modifications such as sulfation, carboxymethylation, and selenization. Those modifications improve the physicochemical characteristics and utilization of G. lucidum polysaccharides, and make them more stable that could be used as functional biomaterials to encapsulate active substances. Ultimate, G. lucidum polysaccharide-based nanoparticles were designed to deliver various functional ingredients to achieve better health-promoting effects. Overall, this review presents an in-depth summary of current modification strategies and offers new insights into the effective processing techniques to develop G. lucidum polysaccharide-rich functional foods or nutraceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Kou
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China; Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Yunfei Ge
- Department of Marine Food Science and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Weihao Wang
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yuxia Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longkui Cao
- College of Food Science, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.
| | - Xuetuan Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, United States of America
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Kinesiology, Nutrition, and Health, Miami University, Oxford, OH, United States of America
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Tacchini M, Sacchetti G, Guerrini A, Paganetto G. Mycochemicals against Cancer Stem Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:360. [PMID: 37368660 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, mushrooms have been considered valuable allies of human well-being both from a dietary and medicinal point of view. Their essential role in several traditional medicines is explained today by the discovery of the plethora of biomolecules that have shown proven efficacy for treating various diseases, including cancer. Numerous studies have already been conducted to explore the antitumoural properties of mushroom extracts against cancer. Still, very few have reported the anticancer properties of mushroom polysaccharides and mycochemicals against the specific population of cancer stem cells (CSCs). In this context, β-glucans are relevant in modulating immunological surveillance against this subpopulation of cancer cells within tumours. Small molecules, less studied despite their spread and assortment, could exhibit the same importance. In this review, we discuss several pieces of evidence of the association between β-glucans and small mycochemicals in modulating biological mechanisms which are proven to be involved with CSCs development. Experimental evidence and an in silico approach are evaluated with the hope of contributing to future strategies aimed at the direct study of the action of these mycochemicals on this subpopulation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Tacchini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianni Sacchetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandra Guerrini
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Paganetto
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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da Silva Milhorini S, de Lima Bellan D, Zavadinack M, Simas FF, Smiderle FR, de Santana-Filho AP, Sassaki GL, Iacomini M. Antimelanoma effect of a fucoxylomannan isolated from Ganoderma lucidum fruiting bodies. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119823. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Su W, Wu L, Liang Q, Lin X, Xu X, Yu S, Lin Y, Zhou J, Fu Y, Gao X, Zhang B, Li L, Li D, Yin Y, Song G. Extraction Optimization, Structural Characterization, and Anti-Hepatoma Activity of Acidic Polysaccharides From Scutellaria barbata D. Don. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:827782. [PMID: 35444545 PMCID: PMC9014130 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.827782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Chinese medicinal herb Scutellaria barbata D. Don has antitumour effects and is used to treat liver cancer in the clinic. S. barbata polysaccharide (SBP), one of the main active components extracted from S. barbata D. Don, exhibits antitumour activity. However, there is still a lack of research on the extraction optimization, structural characterization, and anti-hepatoma activity of acidic polysaccharides from S. barbata D. Don. In this study, the optimal extraction conditions for SBP were determined by response surface methodology (RSM): the material-liquid ratio was 1:25, the extraction time was 2 h, and the extraction temperature was 90°C. Under these conditions, the average extraction efficiency was 3.85 ± 0.13%. Two water-soluble polysaccharides were isolated from S. barbata D. Don, namely, SBP-1A and SBP-2A, these homogeneous acidic polysaccharide components with average molecular weights of 1.15 × 105 Da and 1.4 × 105 Da, respectively, were obtained at high purity. The results showed that the monosaccharide constituents of the two components were fucose, galactosamine hydrochloride, rhamnose, arabinose, glucosamine hydrochloride, galactose, glucose, xylose, and mannose; the molar ratio of these constituents in SBP-1A was 0.6:0.3:0.6:30.6:3.3:38.4:16.1:8:1.4, and that in SBP-2A was 0.6:0.5:0.8:36.3:4.4:42.7:9.2:3.6:0.7. In addition, SBP-1A and SBP-2A contained uronic acid and β-glucan, and the residue on the polysaccharide was mainly pyranose. The in vitro results showed that the anti-hepatoma activity of SBP-2A was better than that of SBP-1A and SBP. In addition, SBP-2A significantly enhanced HepG2 cell death, as cell viability was decreased, and SBP-2A induced HepG2 cell apoptosis and blocked the G1 phase. This phenomenon was coupled with the upregulated expression of P53 and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, as well as the downregulated expression of the cell cycle-regulating protein cyclinD1, CDK4, and Bcl-2 in this study. Further analysis showed that 50 mg/kg SBP-2A inhibited the tumour growth in H22 tumour-bearing mice, with an average inhibition rate of 40.33%. Taken together, SBP-2A, isolated and purified from S. barbata showed good antitumour activity in vivo and in vitro, and SBP-2A may be a candidate drug for further evaluation in cancer prevention. This study provides insight for further research on the molecular mechanism of the anti-hepatoma activity of S. barbata polysaccharide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Su
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Leilei Wu
- Collage of Pharmacology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Qichao Liang
- Collage of Pharmacology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyue Lin
- The First Clinical College of Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyi Xu
- The First Clinical College of Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Shikai Yu
- Collage of Basic Medicine, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yitong Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Jiadong Zhou
- Collage of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yang Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Mudanjiang Cancer Hospital, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Li Li
- Collage of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Yongkui Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
| | - Gaochen Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
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Xu J, Chen F, Wang G, Liu B, Song H, Ma T. The Versatile Functions of G. Lucidum Polysaccharides and G. Lucidum Triterpenes in Cancer Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:6507-6516. [PMID: 34429657 PMCID: PMC8380140 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s319732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
G. lucidum has a long history of thousands of years in China and is closely related with the lives of the Chinese people. It is reported to cure various diseases due to its high nutritional value and wide range of uses. The fascinating effects of G. lucidum have tethered a multitude of efforts to explore its effective ingredients and supplement functions. At present, many cancer research studies have reported the G. lucidum polysaccharides (GLPs) and G. lucidum triterpenes (GLTs) as the main active ingredients in G. lucidum, which have shown positive effects on radiotherapy and chemotherapy. GLPs or GLTs treatment synergizes with radiotherapy and chemotherapy through multiple pathways, including oxidative stress, apoptosis, immune microenvironment, etc. Therefore, this review aims to analyze and summarize these complex molecules from G. lucidum in order to create more treatment options for cancer patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fengyuan Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoquan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Song
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, People’s Republic of China
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University/Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, 101149, People’s Republic of China
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Feng X, Ding W, Ma J, Liu B, Yuan H. Targeted Therapies in Lung Cancers: Current Landscape and Future Prospects. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2021; 16:540-551. [PMID: 34132185 DOI: 10.2174/1574892816666210615161501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the most common and malignant cancer worldwide. Targeted therapies have emerged as a promising treatment strategy for lung cancers. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to evaluate the current landscape of targets and finding promising targets for future new drug discovery for lung cancers by identifying the science-technology-clinical development pattern and mapping the interaction network of targets. METHODS Targets for cancers were classified into 3 groups based on a paper published in Nature. We search for scientific literature, patent documents and clinical trials of targets in Group 1 and Group 2 for lung cancers. Then, a target-target interaction network of Group 1 was constructed, and the science-technology-clinical(S-T-C) development patterns of targets in Group 1 were identified. Finally, based on the cluster distribution and the development pattern of targets in Group 1, interactions between the targets were employed to predict potential targets in Group 2 on drug development. RESULTS The target-target interaction(TTI)network of group 1 resulted in 3 clusters with different developmental stages. The potential targets in Group 2 are divided into 3 ranks. Level-1 is the first priority and level-3 is the last. Level-1 includes 16 targets, such as STAT3, CRKL, and PTPN11, that are mostly involved in signaling transduction pathways. Level-2 and level-3 contain 8 and 6 targets related to various biological functions. CONCLUSION This study will provide references for drug development in lung cancers, emphasizing that priorities should be given to targets in Level-1, whose mechanisms are worth further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Feng
- School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenqing Ding
- School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junhong Ma
- School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Baijun Liu
- School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongmei Yuan
- School of Business Administration, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Luo J, Odaka Y, Huang Z, Cheng B, Liu W, Li L, Shang C, Zhang C, Wu Y, Luo Y, Yang S, Houghton PJ, Guo X, Huang S. Dihydroartemisinin Inhibits mTORC1 Signaling by Activating the AMPK Pathway in Rhabdomyosarcoma Tumor Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061363. [PMID: 34205996 PMCID: PMC8226784 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinin (DHA), an anti-malarial drug, has been shown to possess potent anticancer activity, partly by inhibiting the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. However, how DHA inhibits mTORC1 is still unknown. Here, using rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) as a model, we found that DHA reduced cell proliferation and viability in RMS cells, but not those in normal cells, which was associated with inhibition of mTORC1. Mechanistically, DHA did not bind to mTOR or FK506 binding protein 12 (FKBP12). In addition, DHA neither inhibited insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ½ (Erk1/2), nor activated phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in the cells. Rather, DHA activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Pharmacological inhibition of AMPK, ectopic expression dominant negative or kinase-dead AMPK, or knockdown of AMPKα attenuated the inhibitory effect of DHA on mTORC1 in the cells. Additionally, DHA was able to induce dissociation of regulatory-associated protein of mTOR (raptor) from mTOR and inhibit mTORC1 activity. Moreover, treatment with artesunate, a prodrug of DHA, dose-dependently inhibited tumor growth and concurrently activated AMPK and suppressed mTORC1 in RMS xenografts. The results indicated that DHA inhibits mTORC1 by activating AMPK in tumor cells. Our finding supports that DHA or artesunate has a great potential to be repositioned for treatment of RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; (J.L.); (Y.O.); (Z.H.); (B.C.); (W.L.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yoshinobu Odaka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; (J.L.); (Y.O.); (Z.H.); (B.C.); (W.L.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Zhu Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; (J.L.); (Y.O.); (Z.H.); (B.C.); (W.L.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Research Center of Aquatic Organism Conservation and Water Ecosystem Restoration in Anhui Province, Anqing Normal University, Anqing 246011, China
| | - Bing Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; (J.L.); (Y.O.); (Z.H.); (B.C.); (W.L.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Wang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; (J.L.); (Y.O.); (Z.H.); (B.C.); (W.L.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; (J.L.); (Y.O.); (Z.H.); (B.C.); (W.L.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chaowei Shang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; (J.L.); (Y.O.); (Z.H.); (B.C.); (W.L.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; (J.L.); (Y.O.); (Z.H.); (B.C.); (W.L.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of National Health and Family Planning Commission on Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; (J.L.); (Y.O.); (Z.H.); (B.C.); (W.L.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; (J.L.); (Y.O.); (Z.H.); (B.C.); (W.L.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Shengyong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Peter J. Houghton
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229-3000, USA;
| | - Xiaofeng Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (S.H.); Tel.: +86-20-38295980 (X.G.); +1-318-675-7759 (S.H.)
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA; (J.L.); (Y.O.); (Z.H.); (B.C.); (W.L.); (L.L.); (C.S.); (C.Z.); (Y.W.); (Y.L.)
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71130-3932, USA
- Correspondence: (X.G.); (S.H.); Tel.: +86-20-38295980 (X.G.); +1-318-675-7759 (S.H.)
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Xiang YC, Shen J, Si Y, Liu XW, Zhang L, Wen J, Zhang T, Yu QQ, Lu JF, Xiang K, Liu Y. Paris saponin VII, a direct activator of AMPK, induces autophagy and exhibits therapeutic potential in non-small-cell lung cancer. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:195-204. [PMID: 33781453 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Paris saponin VII (PSVII), a bioactive constituent extracted from Trillium tschonoskii Maxim., is cytotoxic to several cancer types. This study was designed to explore whether PSVII prevents non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) proliferation and to investigate its molecular target. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been implicated in the activation of autophagy in distinct tissues. In cultured human NSCLC cell lines, PSVII induces autophagy by activating AMPK and inhibiting mTOR signaling. Furthermore, PSVII-induced autophagy activation was reversed by the AMPK inhibitor compound C. Computational docking analysis showed that PSVII directly interacted with the allosteric drug and metabolite site of AMPK to stabilize its activation. Microscale thermophoresis assay and drug affinity responsive target stability assay further confirmed the high affinity between PSVII and AMPK. In summary, PSVII acts as a direct AMPK activator to induce cell autophagy, which inhibits the growth of NSCLC cells. In the future, PSVII therapy should be applied to treat patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Xiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Yuan Si
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Xue-Wen Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Te Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Qing-Qing Yu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Jun-Fei Lu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Ke Xiang
- Department of Science and Education, Gucheng People's Hospital, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang 441700, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research and Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China; Laboratory of Molecular Target Therapy of Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China.
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11
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Chen YJ, You GR, Lai MY, Lu LS, Chen CY, Ting LL, Lee HL, Kanno Y, Chiou JF, Cheng AJ. A Combined Systemic Strategy for Overcoming Cisplatin Resistance in Head and Neck Cancer: From Target Identification to Drug Discovery. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113482. [PMID: 33238517 PMCID: PMC7700594 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The efficiency of cisplatin is limited by drug resistance in head–neck cancer (HNC) patients. In this study, we established a cisplatin resistance (CR) cell model, generated CR related transcriptome profiling, and combined application of bioinformatics methodology to discover a possible way to overcome CR. Analysis of the functional pathway revealed that mitotic division is a novel mechanism significantly contributing to CR. Spindle pole body component 25 (SPC25), a kinetochore protein, was overexpressed in CR cells and significantly correlated with worse HNC patient survival. The silencing of SPC25 increased cisplatin sensitivity and reduced cancer stemness property. Integration of CR transcriptome profiling and drug database discovered a natural extract compound, celastrol, possessing a potent cytotoxic effect in CR cells to reverse CR. Thus, we combined systemic strategies to demonstrated that a novel biological process (mitotic cell division), a hub gene (SPC25), and a natural compound (celastrol) as novel strategies for the treatment of refractory HNC. Abstract Cisplatin is the first-line chemotherapy agent for head and neck cancer (HNC), but its therapeutic effects are hampered by its resistance. In this study, we employed systemic strategies to overcome cisplatin resistance (CR) in HNC. CR cells derived from isogenic HNC cell lines were generated. The CR related hub genes, functional mechanisms, and the sensitizing candidates were globally investigated by transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses. Clinically, the prognostic significance was assessed by the Kaplan–Meier method. Cellular and molecular techniques, including cell viability assay, tumorsphere formation assay, RT-qPCR, and immunoblot, were used. Results showed that these CR cells possessed highly invasive and stem-like properties. A total of 647 molecules was identified, and the mitotic division exhibited a novel functional mechanism significantly related to CR. A panel of signature molecules, MSRB3, RHEB, ULBP1, and spindle pole body component 25 (SPC25), was found to correlate with poor prognosis in HNC patients. SPC25 was further shown as a prominent molecule, which markedly suppressed cancer stemness and attenuated CR after silencing. Celastrol, a nature extract compound, was demonstrated to effectively inhibit SPC25 expression and reverse CR phenotype. In conclusion, the development of SPC25 inhibitors, such as the application of celastrol, maybe a novel strategy to sensitize cisplatin for the treatment of refractory HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ju Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (L.-S.L.)
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (L.-L.T.); (H.-L.L.); (J.-F.C.)
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Guo-Rung You
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical College, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (G.-R.Y.); (M.-Y.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Yu Lai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical College, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (G.-R.Y.); (M.-Y.L.)
| | - Long-Sheng Lu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (Y.-J.C.); (L.-S.L.)
- International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (L.-L.T.); (H.-L.L.); (J.-F.C.)
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yu Chen
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.K.)
- Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Lai-Lei Ting
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (L.-L.T.); (H.-L.L.); (J.-F.C.)
| | - Hsin-Lun Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (L.-L.T.); (H.-L.L.); (J.-F.C.)
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yuzuka Kanno
- Division of Molecular Regulation of Inflammatory and Immune Disease, Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan; (C.-Y.C.); (Y.K.)
- Department of Medicinal and Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba 278-0022, Japan
| | - Jeng-Fong Chiou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (L.-L.T.); (H.-L.L.); (J.-F.C.)
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Taipei Cancer Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Joy Cheng
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Medical College, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (G.-R.Y.); (M.-Y.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Linkou, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-211-8800
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12
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Shao CS, Zhou XH, Zheng XX, Huang Q. Ganoderic acid D induces synergistic autophagic cell death except for apoptosis in ESCC cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 262:113213. [PMID: 32755651 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHAMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ganoderma lucidum has been used as a medicinal mushroom for more than 2000 years in China. Ganoderic acid D (GAD) as a representative active triterpenoid from Ganoderma lucidum is known to possess anticancer activity. However, the mechanism involved in its anticancer cell process is still largely elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY Our study aimed to investigate the anticancer effects of GAD on the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cells and the underlying mechanisms at the cell level. MATERIALS AND METHODS EC9706 and Eca109 cells were treated with GAD (0, 10, 20, 40 μM) for 24 h. The cell viability, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), apoptosis rate, caspase-3 activity, autophagic flux, lysosomal function were examined. Cell cycle, apoptotic, autophagy and mTOR signal pathway related proteins such as P53, Cyclin B1, CytoC, PARP, Beclin-1, P62, LC3, PI3K, AKT and mTOR were analyzed by Western blot approach. RESULTS GAD inhibited cell proliferation and induced both apoptosis and autophagic cell death. In particular, we found that in the early stage of the autophagic process, GAD could initiate and enhance the autophagy signal while in the late stage it on the contrary could block the autophagic flux by impairing the autophagosome-lysosome fusion and inhibited the lysosomal degradation. Besides the autophagic cell death, GAD also induced the apoptosis mediated by caspase-related process in parallel. The mechanism involved for the synergistic apoptotic and autophagic cell death was also explored. We found that GAD down-regulated the expression of PI3K, AKT and mTOR phosphorylated proteins in the mTOR signaling pathway which thus led to the synergistic effect on apoptosis and autophagic cell death in the ESCC cells. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study has documented that GAD may inhibit cell proliferation through the mTOR pathway in ESCC cells, and induce synergistic apoptosis and autophagic cell death by disrupting the autophagic flux. This work therefore also suggests that GAD may be used as an efficient anticancer adjuvant for ESCC cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Sheng Shao
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Xiu-Hong Zhou
- Center of Biology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China.
| | - Xin-Xin Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Qing Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
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13
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Şöhretoğlu D, Barut B, Sari S, Özel A, Arroo R. In vitro and in silico assessment of DNA interaction, topoisomerase I and II inhibition properties of chrysosplenetin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 163:1053-1059. [PMID: 32673727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Chrysosplenetin is a methoxyflavone with reported anti-cancer effect. We tested its cytotoxic effect on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line, and determined its effect on DNA intercalation and on the activity of topoisomerases I and II. The compound inhibited proliferation MCF-7 with an IC50 value of 0.29 μM. Chrysosplenetin did not initiate plasmid DNA cleavage but, in a concentration-dependent manner, protected plasmid DNA against damage induced by Fenton reagents. Furthermore, it possessed dual Topoisomerase I and II inhibitory properties. Especially, it inhibited topoisomerase II by 83-96% between the range 12.5-100 μM. In the light of these experimental findings, molecular docking studies were performed to understand binding mode, interactions and affinity of chrysosplenetin with DNA, and with topoisomerases I and II. These studies showed that of 4-chromone core and the hydroxyl and methoxy groups important for both intercalation with DNA and topoisomerase I and II inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Şöhretoğlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, Sıhhiye, Ankara, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Burak Barut
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Suat Sari
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Sıhhiye, Ankara, TR-06100 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Arzu Özel
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biochemistry, Trabzon, Turkey; Karadeniz Technical University, Drug and Pharmaceutical Technology Application and Research Center, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Randolph Arroo
- De Montfort University, Leicester School of Pharmacy, The Gateway, Leicester LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
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14
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Zhu Y, Zhou J, Niu P, Chen H, Shi D. Cardamonin inhibits cell proliferation by caspase-mediated cleavage of Raptor. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2020; 394:809-817. [PMID: 33043385 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-020-01986-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The antiproliferative effect of cardamonin on mTORC1 is related with downregulation of Raptor. We investigated the mechanism that cardamonin decreases Raptor expression through caspase-mediated protein degradation. SKOV3 cells and HeLa cells were pretreated with caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk for 30 min and then exposed to different doses of cardamonin and cisplatin, respectively. We analyzed the gene expression of caspases based on TCGA and GTEx gene expression data in serous cystadenocarcinoma and normal tissues, monitored caspase activity by caspase colorimetric assay kit, detected expression of mTORC1-associated proteins and apoptosis-associated proteins by western blotting, and finally detected cell viability by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. A different expression of caspases except caspase-1 was found between serous cystadenocarcinoma and normal tissues. Raptor was cleaved when caspases were activated by cisplatin and caspase-6/caspase-8 was activated by cardamonin in SKOV3 cells. We further used a monoclonal antibody recognizing the N-terminal part of Raptor to find that Raptor was cleaved into a smaller fragment of about 70 kDa by cardamonin and was rescued by z-VAD-fmk treatment. As a result of Raptor cleavage, mTORC1 activity was decreased and cell viability was inhibited, while cell apoptosis was induced in SKOV3 cells. Notably, similar results are only observed in HeLa cells with a high dose of cardamonin. We concluded that caspase-mediated cleavage of Raptor might be an important mechanism in that cardamonin regulated Raptor and mTORC1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Jintuo Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Peiguang Niu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Huajiao Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China
| | - Daohua Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, 18 Daoshan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, Fujian, China.
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15
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Hsu WH, Qiu WL, Tsao SM, Tseng AJ, Lu MK, Hua WJ, Cheng HC, Hsu HY, Lin TY. Effects of WSG, a polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum, on suppressing cell growth and mobility of lung cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:1604-1613. [PMID: 33011264 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
WSG is a water soluble polysaccharides isolated from Ganoderma lucidum. In this study, we showed that WSG, a glucose-rich polysaccharide with an average molecular mass of approximately 1000 kDa, effectively inhibited cell viability and mobility of lung cancer cells. Functional studies revealed that WSG reduced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in cells upon either EGF or TGFβ stimulation. WSG also inhibited phosphorylation of multiple intracellular signaling molecules such as FAK, AKT and Smad2. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that WSG induced degradation of TGFβ and EGF receptors via proteasome and lysosome, respectively. Moreover, we found that WSG significantly suppressed lung tumor growth, reduced the size of metastatic nodules in the lungs and prolonged the survival of LLC1-bearing mice. Our findings suggested that WSG may have potential as a therapeutic intervention for treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hung Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; LO-Sheng Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Qiu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ming Tsao
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Jung Tseng
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Kuang Lu
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jyun Hua
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University
| | - Hsin-Chung Cheng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsien-Yeh Hsu
- Department of Biotechnology and Laboratory Science in Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Yi Lin
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Program in Molecular Medicine, National Yang-Ming University.
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16
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Fu D, Shi Y, Liu JB, Wu TM, Jia CY, Yang HQ, Zhang DD, Yang XL, Wang HM, Ma YS. Targeting Long Non-coding RNA to Therapeutically Regulate Gene Expression in Cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 21:712-724. [PMID: 32771923 PMCID: PMC7412722 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA molecules with a length greater than 200 nt and no function of encoding proteins. lncRNAs play a precise regulatory function at different levels of transcription and post-transcription, and they interact with various regulatory factors to regulate gene expression, and then participate in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and other life processes. In recent years, studies have shown that the abnormal expression of lncRNAs is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors, which is expected to become an effective biomarker in tumor diagnosis. The sequencing analysis of mutations in the whole tumor genome suggests that mutations in non-coding regions may play an important role in the occurrence and development of tumors. Therefore, in-depth study of lncRNAs is helpful to clarify the molecular mechanism of tumor occurrence and development and to provide new targets for tumor diagnosis and treatment. This review introduces the molecular mechanism and clinical application prospect of lncRNAs affecting tumor development from the perspective of gene expression and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Fu
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230012, China; Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China; Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Yi Shi
- Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China; Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China
| | - Ting-Miao Wu
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Cheng-You Jia
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hui-Qiong Yang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiao-Li Yang
- Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hui-Min Wang
- Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China; Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yu-Shui Ma
- Department of Radiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230012, China; Cancer Institute, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong 226631, China; Central Laboratory for Medical Research, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.
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17
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Proshkina E, Plyusnin S, Babak T, Lashmanova E, Maganova F, Koval L, Platonova E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Terpenoids as Potential Geroprotectors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060529. [PMID: 32560451 PMCID: PMC7346221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes and terpenoids are the largest groups of plant secondary metabolites. However, unlike polyphenols, they are rarely associated with geroprotective properties. Here we evaluated the conformity of the biological effects of terpenoids with the criteria of geroprotectors, including primary criteria (lifespan-extending effects in model organisms, improvement of aging biomarkers, low toxicity, minimal adverse effects, improvement of the quality of life) and secondary criteria (evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of action, reproducibility of the effects on different models, prevention of age-associated diseases, increasing of stress-resistance). The number of substances that demonstrate the greatest compliance with both primary and secondary criteria of geroprotectors were found among different classes of terpenoids. Thus, terpenoids are an underestimated source of potential geroprotectors that can effectively influence the mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Sergey Plyusnin
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Tatyana Babak
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Ekaterina Lashmanova
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Liubov Koval
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Elena Platonova
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-8212-312-894
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18
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Elsaid FG, Alshehri MA, Shati AA, Al-Kahtani MA, Alsheri AS, Massoud EE, El-Kott AF, El-Mekkawy HI, Al-Ramlawy AM, Abdraboh ME. The anti-tumourigenic effect of ellagic acid in SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells entails activation of autophagy mediated by inhibiting Akt and activating AMPK. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1611-1621. [PMID: 32415699 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of ellagic acid (EA) on SKOV-3 cell growth and invasiveness and tested if the underlying mechanism involves modulating autophagy. Cells were treated with EA in the presence or absence of chloroquine (CQ), an autophagy inhibitor, compound C (CC), an AMPK inhibitor, or an insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a PI3K/Akt activator. EA, at an IC50 of 36.6 µmol/L, inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced cell apoptosis in SKOV-3 cells. These events were prevented by CQ. Also, EA increased levels of Beclin-1, ATG-5, LC3I/II, Bax, cleaved caspase-3/8 and reduced those of p62 and Bcl-2 in these cancer cells. Mechanistically, EA decreased levels of p-S6K1 (Thr389 ) and 4EBP-1 (Thr37/46 ), two downstream targets of mTORC1, and p-Akt (Thr308 ) but increased levels of AMPK (Thr172 ) and p-raptor (Ser792 ), a natural inhibitor of mTORC1. CC or IGF-1 alone partially prevented the effect of EA on cell survival, cell invasions, and levels of LDH, Beclin-1, and cleaved caspase-3. In conclusion, EA can inhibit SKOV-3 growth, migration, and invasion by activating cytotoxic autophagy mediated by inhibition of mTORC1 and Akt and activation of AMPK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahmy G Elsaid
- Biology Department, Science College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Alshehri
- Biology Department, Science College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali A Shati
- Biology Department, Science College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali S Alsheri
- Biology Department, Science College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab E Massoud
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science and Arts in Dahran Aljnoub, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Agriculture Research Centre, Soil, Water and Environment Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Attalla F El-Kott
- Biology Department, Science College, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Zoology Department,Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | | | - Amira M Al-Ramlawy
- Mansoura Research Centre for Cord Stem Cell (MARC-CSC), Mansoura University Children's Hospital, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Abdraboh
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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19
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Feng YN, Zhang XF. Polysaccharide extracted from Huperzia serrata using response surface methodology and its biological activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 157:267-275. [PMID: 32339584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Huperzia serrata polysaccharide (HSP) fraction was isolated using response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design (BBD). The extraction time, temperature and ratio of water to raw material were employed effects. And properties of four polysaccharide (60%-HSP, 70%-HSP, 80%-HSP and 90%-HSP) were evaluated. The results indicated that the optimal extraction conditions were the following: 3.07 h, 49.46 °C and a liquid material ratio of 20.73:1. The four HSP presented irregular aggregation of shape. And all HSP exhibited antioxidant and anticancer activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ni Feng
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xi-Feng Zhang
- College of Veterinary medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266100, China.
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