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Daly GR, Naidoo S, Alabdulrahman M, McGrath J, Dowling GP, AlRawashdeh MM, Hill ADK, Varešlija D, Young L. Screening and Testing for Homologous Recombination Repair Deficiency (HRD) in Breast Cancer: an Overview of the Current Global Landscape. Curr Oncol Rep 2024; 26:890-903. [PMID: 38822929 PMCID: PMC11300621 DOI: 10.1007/s11912-024-01560-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Homologous recombination repair deficiency (HRD) increases breast cancer susceptibility and influences both prophylactic and active management of breast cancer. This review evaluates HRD testing and the therapeutic implications of HRD in a global context. RECENT FINDINGS Ongoing research efforts have highlighted the importance of HRD beyond BRCA1/2 as a potential therapeutic target in breast cancer. However, despite the improved affordability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and the discovery of PARP inhibitors, economic and geographical barriers in access to HRD testing and breast cancer screening do not allow all patients to benefit from the personalized treatment approach they provide. Advancements in HRD testing modalities and targeted therapeutics enable tailored breast cancer management. However, inequalities in access to testing and optimized treatments are contributing to widening health disparities globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon R Daly
- The Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland.
- The Department of Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Sindhuja Naidoo
- The Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mohammad Alabdulrahman
- The Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jason McGrath
- The Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gavin P Dowling
- The Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- The Department of Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Maen M AlRawashdeh
- The Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Arnold D K Hill
- The Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- The Department of Surgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Damir Varešlija
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Beaumont RCSI Cancer Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Leonie Young
- The Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Beaumont RCSI Cancer Centre, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Lu G, Zou Z, Xin M, Meng Y, Cheng Z, Du Z, Gu J, Zhang X, Zou Y. Carbamoylation at C-8 position of natural 3-arylcoumarin scaffold for the discovery of novel PARP-1 inhibitors with potent anticancer activity. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 277:116726. [PMID: 39116535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Structural modification based on natural privileged scaffolds has proven to be an attractive approach to generate potential antitumor candidates with high potency and specific targeting. As a continuation of our efforts to identify potent PARP-1 inhibitors, natural 3-arylcoumarin scaffold was served as the starting point for the construction of novel structural unit for PARP-1 inhibition. Herein, a series of novel 8-carbamyl-3-arylcoumarin derivatives were designed and synthesized. The antiproliferative activities of target compounds against four BRCA-mutated cancer cells (SUM149PT, HCC1937, MDA-MB-436 and Capan-1) were evaluated. Among them, compound 9b exhibited excellent antiproliferative effects against SUM149PT, HCC1937 and Capan-1 cells with IC50 values of 0.62, 1.91 and 4.26 μM, respectively. Moreover, 9b could significantly inhibit the intracellular PARP-1/2 activity in SUM149PT cells with IC50 values of 2.53 nM and 6.45 nM, respectively. Further mechanism studies revealed that 9b could aggravate DNA double-strand breaks, increase ROS production, decrease mitochondrial membrane potential, arrest cell cycle at G2/M phase and ultimately induce apoptosis in SUM149PT cells. In addition, molecular docking study demonstrated that the binding mode of 9b with PARP-1 was similar to that of niraparib, forming multiple hydrogen bond interactions with the active site of PARP-1. Taken together, these findings suggest that 8-carbamyl-3-arylcoumarin scaffold could serve as an effective structural unit for PARP-1 inhibition and offer a valuable paradigm for the structural modification of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhiru Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Meixiu Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yingfen Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhuo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Zhibo Du
- Zhongshan Wanhan Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Zhongshan, 528451, PR China
| | - Jiayi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Xuejing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yong Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
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Zhuang T, Gao C, Zeng W, Zhao W, Yu H, Chen S, Shen J, Ji M. Analysis of key targets for 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural-induced lung cancer based on network toxicology, network informatics, and in vitro experiments. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39072491 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2024.2384442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) is a by-product of Maillard reaction and widely exists in food and environment, which may lead to lung cancer. However, the relevant mechanism is unknown. This study aims to predict the key targets of 5-HMF-induced lung cancer through network toxicology, analyze the relationship between the key targets and lung cancer through network informatics, and further validate them through in vitro experiments. By using ChEMBL, STITCH, GeneCards, and OMIM databases, 51 toxic targets were identified. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated a strong correlation between toxic targets and lung cancer. Through protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, MAPK3, MAPK1, and SRC were identified as key targets implicated in 5-HMF-induced lung cancer. The HPA database showed high expression of these three key targets in lung cancer tissues. Kaplan-Meier database demonstrated that the higher expression of these key targets in lung cancer patients was associated with a poorer prognosis. The TIMER database revealed that the high expression of these key targets had a significant impact on the level of immune cell infiltration in lung cancer, particularly impacting CD4+ T cells and macrophages. Finaly, in In vitro experiments demonstrated that prolonged exposure to 5-HMF induced malignant transformation of BEAS-2B cells and the upregulation of key targets. The findings suggest that 5-HMF is a contributing factor in the development of lung cancer, with MAPK3, MAPK1, and SRC potentially playing crucial roles in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchi Zhuang
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chang Gao
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- School of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenwu Zhao
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hairong Yu
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shen Chen
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiemiao Shen
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minghui Ji
- School of Nursing, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Kolesnichenko M, Scheidereit C. Synthetic lethality by PARP inhibitors: new mechanism uncovered based on unresolved transcription-replication conflicts. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:179. [PMID: 39069543 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kolesnichenko
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Claus Scheidereit
- Laboratory for Signal Transduction in Tumor Cells, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
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Previtali V, Bagnolini G, Ciamarone A, Ferrandi G, Rinaldi F, Myers SH, Roberti M, Cavalli A. New Horizons of Synthetic Lethality in Cancer: Current Development and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11488-11521. [PMID: 38955347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, synthetic lethality has been recognized as a solid paradigm for anticancer therapies. The discovery of a growing number of synthetic lethal targets has led to a significant expansion in the use of synthetic lethality, far beyond poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors used to treat BRCA1/2-defective tumors. In particular, molecular targets within DNA damage response have provided a source of inhibitors that have rapidly reached clinical trials. This Perspective focuses on the most recent progress in synthetic lethal targets and their inhibitors, within and beyond the DNA damage response, describing their design and associated therapeutic strategies. We will conclude by discussing the current challenges and new opportunities for this promising field of research, to stimulate discussion in the medicinal chemistry community, allowing the investigation of synthetic lethality to reach its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Previtali
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Greta Bagnolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciamarone
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ferrandi
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Rinaldi
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Samuel Harry Myers
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Marinella Roberti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Sun M, Ji Y, Zhang G, Li Y, Dong F, Wu T. Posttranslational modifications of E2F family members in the physiological state and in cancer: Roles, mechanisms and therapeutic targets. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117147. [PMID: 39053422 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The E2F transcription factor family, whose members are encoded by the E2F1-E2F8 genes, plays pivotal roles in the cell cycle, apoptosis, metabolism, stemness, metastasis, aging, angiogenesis, tumor promotion or suppression, and other biological processes. The activity of E2Fs is regulated at multiple levels, with posttranslational modifications being an important regulatory mechanism. There are numerous types of posttranslational modifications, among which phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, SUMOylation, neddylation, and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation are the most commonly studied in the context of the E2F family. Posttranslational modifications of E2F family proteins regulate their biological activity, stability, localization, and interactions with other biomolecules, affecting cell proliferation, apoptosis, DNA damage, etc., and thereby playing roles in physiological and pathological processes. Notably, these modifications do not always act alone but rather form an interactive regulatory network. Currently, several drugs targeting posttranslational modifications are being studied or clinically applied, in which the proteolysis-targeting chimera and molecular glue can target E2Fs. This review aims to summarize the roles and regulatory mechanisms of different PTMs of E2F family members in the physiological state and in cancer and to briefly discuss their clinical significance and potential therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yitong Ji
- Department of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Fengming Dong
- Department of Urology, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
| | - Tianyi Wu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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Jiang J, Yang P, Xu X, Yuan H, Zhu H. Donafenib inhibits PARP1 expression and induces DNA damage, in combination with PARP1 inhibitors promotes apoptosis in liver cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2024:00001813-990000000-00297. [PMID: 38940933 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer is a prevalent malignant tumor globally. The newly approved first-line drug, donafenib, is a novel oral small molecule multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has significant antitumor effects on liver cancer. This study aims to investigate the antitumor effects of donafenib on liver cancer and to explore its potential mechanisms. Donafenib significantly inhibited the viability of Huh-7 and HCCLM3 cells, inhibited malignant cell proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis, as demonstrated by CCK-8, EdU, and Calcein/PI (propidium iodide) staining experiments. The results of DNA damage detection experiments and western blot analysis indicate that donafenib caused considerable DNA damage in liver cancer cells. The analysis of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in liver cancer patients using online bioinformatics data websites such as TIMER2.0, GEPIA, UALCAN, cBioPortal, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, and HPA revealed a high expression of PARP1, which is associated with poor prognosis. Molecular docking and western blot analysis demonstrated that donafenib can directly target and downregulate the protein expression of PARP1, a DNA damage repair protein, thereby promoting DNA damage in liver cancer cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence detection showed that the group treated with donafenib combined with PARP1 inhibitor had significantly higher expression of γ-H2AX and 8-OHdG compared to the groups treated with donafenib or PARP1 inhibitors alone, the combined treatment suppresses the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl2 and enhances the protein expression level of the proapoptotic protein Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX). These data suggest that the combination of donafenib and a PARP1 inhibitor results in more significant DNA damage in cells and promotes cell apoptosis. Thus, the combination of donafenib and PARP1 inhibitors has the potential to be a treatment option for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pingping Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Qiannan Prefecture, Guizhou
| | - Xinyu Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University
| | - Huixiong Yuan
- Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities; Key Laboratory of Research and Development on Clinical Molecular Diagnosis for High-Incidence Diseases of Baise, Guangxi
| | - Haitao Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, China
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Zhou Y, Ye F, Zhang L, Kang Q, Luo Y, Jiang N, Lou L, Mao Y, Wang L, Jin F. The role of DNA damage response in human embryonic stem cells exposed to atmospheric oxygen tension: Implications for embryo development and differentiation. Reprod Toxicol 2024; 128:108648. [PMID: 38909692 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2024.108648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Previous retrospective cohort studies have found that, compared with oxygen tension in the uterus and fallopian tubes (2 %-8 %), exposure of pre-implantation embryos to atmospheric oxygen tension (AtmO2, 20 %) during assisted reproductive technology(ART) can affect embryo quality, pregnancy outcomes and offspring health. However, current research on the effects and mechanisms of AtmO2 on the development of embryos and offspring is mainly limited to animal experiments. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) play a special and irreplaceable role in the study of early human embryonic development. In this study, we used hESCs as a model to elucidate the possible effects and mechanisms of AtmO2 exposure on human embryonic development. We found that exposure to AtmO2 can reduce cell viability, produce oxidative stress, increase DNA damage, initiate DNA repair, activate autophagy, and increase cell apoptosis. We also noticed that approximately 50 % of hESCs survived, adapted and proliferated through high expression of self-renewal and pluripotency regulatory factors, and affected embryoid body differentiation. These data indicate that hESCs experience oxidative stress, accumulation of DNA damage, and activate DNA damage response under the selective pressure of AtmO2.Some hESCs undergo cell death, whereas other hESCs adapt and proliferate through increased expression of self-renewal genes. The current findings provide in vitro evidence that exposure to AtmO2 during the early preimplantation stage negatively affects hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fenglei Ye
- Department of Obstetrics, Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Linyun Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Quanmin Kang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Luo
- Department of NICU, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijun Lou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Affiliated Dongyang Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yuchan Mao
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fan Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Bae S, Bae S, Kim HS, Lim YJ, Kim G, Park IC, So KA, Kim TJ, Lee JH. Deguelin Restores Paclitaxel Sensitivity in Paclitaxel-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cells via Inhibition of the EGFR Signaling Pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2024; 16:507-525. [PMID: 38827785 PMCID: PMC11144006 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s457221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is one of women's malignancies with the highest mortality among gynecological cancers. Paclitaxel is used in first-line ovarian cancer chemotherapy. Research on paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer holds significant clinical importance. Methods Cell viability and flow cytometric assays were conducted at different time and concentration points of deguelin and paclitaxel treatment. Immunoblotting was performed to assess the activation status of key signaling molecules important for cell survival and proliferation following treatment with deguelin and paclitaxel. The fluo-3 acetoxymethyl assay for P-glycoprotein transport activity assay and cell viability assay in the presence of N-acetyl-L-cysteine were also conducted. Results Cell viability and flow cytometric assays demonstrated that deguelin resensitized paclitaxel in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Cotreatment with deguelin and paclitaxel inhibited EGFR and its downstream signaling molecules, including AKT, ERK, STAT3, and p38 MAPK, in SKOV3-TR cells. Interestingly, cotreatment with deguelin and paclitaxel suppressed the expression level of EGFR via the lysosomal degradation pathway. Cotreatment did not affect the expression and function of P-glycoprotein. N-acetyl-L-cysteine failed to restore cell cytotoxicity when used in combination with deguelin and paclitaxel in SKOV3-TR cells. The expression of BCL-2, MCL-1, and the phosphorylation of the S155 residue of BAD were downregulated. Moreover, inhibition of paclitaxel resistance by deguelin was also observed in HeyA8-MDR cells. Conclusion Our research showed that deguelin effectively suppresses paclitaxel resistance in SKOV3-TR ovarian cancer cells by downregulating the EGFR and its downstream signaling pathway and modulating the BCL-2 family proteins. Furthermore, deguelin exhibits inhibitory effects on paclitaxel resistance in HeyA8-MDR ovarian cancer cells, suggesting a potential mechanism for paclitaxel resensitization that may not be cell-specific. These findings suggest that deguelin holds promise as an anticancer therapeutic agent for overcoming chemoresistance in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghee Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sowon Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Su Kim
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ye Jin Lim
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeongmi Kim
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Chul Park
- Division of Fusion Radiology Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, 01812, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong A So
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
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Zhou Y, Tao L, Qiu J, Xu J, Yang X, Zhang Y, Tian X, Guan X, Cen X, Zhao Y. Tumor biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and targeted therapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:132. [PMID: 38763973 PMCID: PMC11102923 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01823-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor biomarkers, the substances which are produced by tumors or the body's responses to tumors during tumorigenesis and progression, have been demonstrated to possess critical and encouraging value in screening and early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, recurrence detection, and therapeutic efficacy monitoring of cancers. Over the past decades, continuous progress has been made in exploring and discovering novel, sensitive, specific, and accurate tumor biomarkers, which has significantly promoted personalized medicine and improved the outcomes of cancer patients, especially advances in molecular biology technologies developed for the detection of tumor biomarkers. Herein, we summarize the discovery and development of tumor biomarkers, including the history of tumor biomarkers, the conventional and innovative technologies used for biomarker discovery and detection, the classification of tumor biomarkers based on tissue origins, and the application of tumor biomarkers in clinical cancer management. In particular, we highlight the recent advancements in biomarker-based anticancer-targeted therapies which are emerging as breakthroughs and promising cancer therapeutic strategies. We also discuss limitations and challenges that need to be addressed and provide insights and perspectives to turn challenges into opportunities in this field. Collectively, the discovery and application of multiple tumor biomarkers emphasized in this review may provide guidance on improved precision medicine, broaden horizons in future research directions, and expedite the clinical classification of cancer patients according to their molecular biomarkers rather than organs of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiahao Qiu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- School of Medicine, Tibet University, Lhasa, 850000, China
| | - Xinyu Tian
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinqi Guan
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaobo Cen
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yinglan Zhao
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Zhu Z, Li S, Yin X, Sun K, Song J, Ren W, Gao L, Zhi K. Review: Protein O-GlcNAcylation regulates DNA damage response: A novel target for cancer therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130351. [PMID: 38403231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) safeguards the stable genetic information inheritance by orchestrating a complex protein network in response to DNA damage. However, this mechanism can often hamper the effectiveness of radiotherapy and DNA-damaging chemotherapy in destroying tumor cells, causing cancer resistance. Inhibiting DDR can significantly improve tumor cell sensitivity to radiotherapy and DNA-damaging chemotherapy. Thus, DDR can be a potential target for cancer treatment. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of DDR-associated proteins profoundly affect their activity and function by covalently attaching new functional groups. O-GlcNAcylation (O-linked-N-acetylglucosaminylation) is an emerging PTM associated with adding and removing O-linked N-acetylglucosamine to serine and threonine residues of proteins. It acts as a dual sensor for nutrients and stress in the cell and is sensitive to DNA damage. However, the explanation behind the specific role of O-GlcNAcylation in the DDR remains remains to be elucidated. To illustrate the complex relationship between O-GlcNAcylation and DDR, this review systematically describes the role of O-GlcNAcylation in DNA repair, cell cycle, and chromatin. We also discuss the defects of current strategies for targeting O-GlcNAcylation-regulated DDR in cancer therapy and suggest potential directions to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Zhu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Shaoming Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Central Laboratory of Jinan Stamotological Hospital, Jinan Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan 250001, Shandong Province, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Jianzhong Song
- Department of Oral and Maxilloafacial Surgery, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Wenhao Ren
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China.
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China.
| | - Keqian Zhi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China; School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Key Lab of Oral Clinical Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266555, China.
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Dhakar SS, Galera-Prat A, Lehtiö L. High-throughput screening assay for PARP-HPF1 interaction inhibitors to affect DNA damage repair. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3875. [PMID: 38365924 PMCID: PMC10873324 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54123-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosyltransferases PARP1 and PARP2 play a major role in DNA repair mechanism by detecting the DNA damage and inducing poly-ADP-ribosylation dependent chromatin relaxation and recruitment of repair proteins. Catalytic PARP inhibitors are used as anticancer drugs especially in the case of tumors arising from sensitizing mutations. Recently, a study showed that Histone PARylation Factor (HPF1) forms a joint active site with PARP1/2. The interaction of HPF1 with PARP1/2 alters the modification site from Aspartate/Glutamate to Serine, which has been shown to be a key ADP-ribosylation event in the context of DNA damage. Therefore, disruption of PARP1/2-HPF1 interaction could be an alternative strategy for drug development to block the PARP1/2 activity. In this study, we describe a FRET based high-throughput screening assay to screen inhibitor libraries against PARP-HPF1 interaction. We optimized the conditions for FRET signal and verified the interaction by competing the FRET pair in multiple ways. The assay is robust and easy to automate. Validatory screening showed the robust performance of the assay, and we discovered two compounds Dimethylacrylshikonin and Alkannin, with µM inhibition potency against PARP1/2-HPF1 interaction. The assay will facilitate the discovery of inhibitors against HPF1-PARP1/2 complex and to develop potentially new effective anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S Dhakar
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Albert Galera-Prat
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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Zhang J, Yu S, Peng Q, Wang P, Fang L. Emerging mechanisms and implications of cGAS-STING signaling in cancer immunotherapy strategies. Cancer Biol Med 2024; 21:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0440. [PMID: 38172538 PMCID: PMC10875285 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay between the human immune system and cancer development underscores the central role of immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Within this landscape, the innate immune system, a critical sentinel protecting against tumor incursion, is a key player. The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway has been found to be a linchpin of innate immunity: activation of this signaling pathway orchestrates the production of type I interferon (IFN-α/β), thus fostering the maturation, differentiation, and mobilization of immune effectors in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, STING activation facilitates the release and presentation of tumor antigens, and therefore is an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Current strategies to activate the STING pathway, including use of pharmacological agonists, have made substantial advancements, particularly when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors. These approaches have shown promise in preclinical and clinical settings, by enhancing patient survival rates. This review describes the evolving understanding of the cGAS-STING pathway's involvement in tumor biology and therapy. Moreover, this review explores classical and non-classical STING agonists, providing insights into their mechanisms of action and potential for optimizing immunotherapy strategies. Despite challenges and complexities, the cGAS-STING pathway, a promising avenue for enhancing cancer treatment efficacy, has the potential to revolutionize patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawen Zhang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Sihui Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiao Peng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lan Fang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
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Gao A, Bai P, Zhang M, Yao Y, Herman JG, Guo M. RASSF1A promotes ATM signaling and RASSF1A methylation is a synthetic lethal marker for ATR inhibitors. Epigenomics 2023; 15:1205-1220. [PMID: 38093706 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The mechanism of RASSF1A in DNA damage repair remains to be further clarified for applying to synthetic lethal strategy. Materials & methods: Eight esophageal cancer cell lines, 181 cases of esophageal dysplasia and 1066 cases of primary esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) were employed. Methylation-specific PCR, the CRISPR/Cas9 technique, immunoprecipitation assay and a xenograft mouse model were used. Results: RASSF1A was methylated in 2.21% of esophageal dysplasia and 11.73% of ESCC. RASSF1A was also involved in DNA damage repair through activating Hippo signaling. Loss of RASSF1A expression sensitized esophageal cancer cell lines to ataxia telangiectasia mutated and rad3-related (ATR) inhibitor (VE-822) both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion: RASSF1A methylation is a synthetic lethal marker for ATR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiai Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Panpan Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- Henan Advanced Technology Research Institute, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Meiying Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yuanxin Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - James G Herman
- The Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Mingzhou Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, the First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
- National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing, 100853, China
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