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Salas-Lizana R, Villegas Ríos M, Alvarez-Manjarrez J, Pérez-Pazos E, Farid A, Franck A, Smith ME, Garibay-Orijel R. Neotropical Clavulina: Two new species from Mexico and a re-evaluation of Clavulina floridana. Mycologia 2023; 115:135-152. [PMID: 36649208 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2148191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Clavulina comprises ca. 90 described species distributed worldwide in both tropical and temperate regions. However, only one species (C. floridana) has been described so far from tropical North America. We used morphological and molecular data from three DNA loci (nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 [ITS], a portion of nuc 28S rDNA [28S], and a fragment of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit [RPB2]) from basidiomata and ectomycorrhizas collected in tropical ecosystems from three biogeographic provinces of Mexico and one tropical province in the USA to investigate the phylogenetic and taxonomic diversity of Clavulina in the region. Nine new species-level clades were discovered, two of which are proposed as new species (C. arboreiparva and C. tuxtlasana). Specimens of C. floridana recently collected in Florida were included in our analyses, for which a modern description is provided. In addition, C. floridana is a new record for Mexico. The diversity of Clavulina in tropical North America is comparable to that found in lowland tropical South America. However, some of the species found in tropical deciduous forests produce small, rare, and inconspicuous basidiomata, which easily go unnoticed, and therefore are poorly represented in collections. Many species remain undescribed in tropical regions of North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Salas-Lizana
- Laboratorios de Micología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Margarita Villegas Ríos
- Laboratorios de Micología, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julieta Alvarez-Manjarrez
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Pazos
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Graduate Program, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108.,Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
| | - Arian Farid
- Herbarium, Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, 4202 East Fowler Avenue, Tampa, Florida 33620
| | - Alan Franck
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida Herbarium, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7800
| | - Mathew E Smith
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611
| | - Roberto Garibay-Orijel
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
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2
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Hackel J, Henkel TW, Moreau P, De Crop E, Verbeken A, Sà M, Buyck B, Neves M, Vasco‐Palacios A, Wartchow F, Schimann H, Carriconde F, Garnica S, Courtecuisse R, Gardes M, Manzi S, Louisanna E, Roy M. Biogeographic history of a large clade of ectomycorrhizal fungi, the Russulaceae, in the Neotropics and adjacent regions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:698-713. [PMID: 35811430 PMCID: PMC9795906 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The biogeography of neotropical fungi remains poorly understood. Here, we reconstruct the origins and diversification of neotropical lineages in one of the largest clades of ectomycorrhizal fungi in the globally widespread family Russulaceae. We inferred a supertree of 3285 operational taxonomic units, representing worldwide internal transcribed spacer sequences. We reconstructed biogeographic history and diversification and identified lineages in the Neotropics and adjacent Patagonia. The ectomycorrhizal Russulaceae have a tropical African origin. The oldest lineages in tropical South America, most with African sister groups, date to the mid-Eocene, possibly coinciding with a boreotropical migration corridor. There were several transatlantic dispersal events from Africa more recently. Andean and Central American lineages mostly have north-temperate origins and are associated with North Andean uplift and the general north-south biotic interchange across the Panama isthmus, respectively. Patagonian lineages have Australasian affinities. Diversification rates in tropical South America and other tropical areas are lower than in temperate areas. Neotropical Russulaceae have multiple biogeographic origins since the mid-Eocene involving dispersal and co-migration. Discontinuous distributions of host plants may explain low diversification rates of tropical lowland ectomycorrhizal fungi. Deeply diverging neotropical fungal lineages need to be better documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Hackel
- Royal Botanic Gardens, KewRichmond‐upon‐ThamesTW9 3AEUK
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174)Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier/CNRS/IRD31062Toulouse cedex 9France
| | - Terry W. Henkel
- Department of Biological SciencesCalifornia State Polytechnic University, HumboldtArcataCA95521USA
| | - Pierre‐Arthur Moreau
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques (LGCgE, ER4)Université de Lille59006LilleFrance
| | - Eske De Crop
- Department of BiologyGhent University9000GentBelgium
| | | | - Mariana Sà
- Centro Universitário de João PessoaPB 58053‐000João PessoaBrazil
| | - Bart Buyck
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRSSorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles75231Paris cedex 05France
| | - Maria‐Alice Neves
- Departamento de BotânicaUniversidade Federal de Santa CatarinaSC 88040‐900FlorianópolisBrazil
| | - Aída Vasco‐Palacios
- Microbiología Ambiental–School of Microbiology, Laboratory of Taxonomy and Ecology of Fungi–Institute of BiologyUniversity of Antioquia050010MedellínColombia
| | - Felipe Wartchow
- Departamento de Sistemática e EcologiaUniversidade Federal da ParaíbaPB 58051‐970João PessoaBrazil
| | - Heidy Schimann
- UMR Ecologie des Forêts de GuyaneAgroParisTech/CIRAD/CNRS/Université des Antilles/Université de la Guyane/INRA97379Kourou cedexFrench Guiana
| | - Fabian Carriconde
- Institut Agronomique néo‐Calédonien (IAC), Equipe Sol & Végétations (SolVeg)BP1823998848NouméaNew Caledonia
| | - Sigisfredo Garnica
- Instituto de Bioquímica y MicrobiologíaUniversidad Austral de Chile5049000ValdiviaChile
| | - Régis Courtecuisse
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques (LGCgE, ER4)Université de Lille59006LilleFrance
| | - Monique Gardes
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174)Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier/CNRS/IRD31062Toulouse cedex 9France
| | - Sophie Manzi
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174)Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier/CNRS/IRD31062Toulouse cedex 9France
| | - Eliane Louisanna
- UMR Ecologie des Forêts de GuyaneAgroParisTech/CIRAD/CNRS/Université des Antilles/Université de la Guyane/INRA97379Kourou cedexFrench Guiana
| | - Mélanie Roy
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique (UMR 5174)Université Toulouse III – Paul Sabatier/CNRS/IRD31062Toulouse cedex 9France
- Instituto Franco‐Argentino para el Estudio del Clima y sus Impactos (UMI IFAECI/CNRS‐CONICET‐UBA‐IRD)Universidad de Buenos AiresC1428EGACiudad Autonoma de Buenos AiresArgentina
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3
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Wang X, Han Q. A Closer Examination of the 'Abundant-Center' for Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Community Associated With Picea crassifolia in China. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:759801. [PMID: 35283884 PMCID: PMC8908202 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.759801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A long-standing hypothesis in biogeography predicts that a species' abundance is highest at the center of its geographical range and decreases toward its edges. In this study, we test the abundant-center hypothesis of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities associated with Picea crassifolia, an endemic species widely distributed in northwest China. We analyzed the taxonomic richness and the relative abundance of ECM fungi in four main distribution areas, from center to edges. In total, 234 species of ECM fungi were detected, and of these, 137 species were shared among all four sites. Inocybe, Sebacina, Tomentella, and Cortinarius were the dominant genera. ECM fungal richness and biodiversity were highest at the central and lower at peripheral sites. Our results indicated that ECM fungal species richness was consistent with the abundant-center hypothesis, while the relative abundances of individual fungal genera shifted inconsistently across the plant's range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qisheng Han
- Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
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Corrales A, Xu H, Garibay-Orijel R, Alfonso-Corrado C, Williams-Linera G, Chu C, Truong C, Jusino MA, Clark-Tapia R, Dalling JW, Liu Y, Smith ME. Fungal communities associated with roots of two closely related Juglandaceae species with a disjunct distribution in the tropics. FUNGAL ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2020.101023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Pietras M, Kolanowska M, Selosse MA. Quo vadis? Historical distribution and impact of climate change on the worldwide distribution of the Australasian fungus Clathrus archeri (Phallales, Basidiomycota). Mycol Prog 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11557-021-01669-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AbstractClathrus archeri is a fungus native to Australia and New Zealand that has started to expand into Europe, and it is considered a potentially invasive species. In this study, we examine the historical occurrence, current geographical range and potential future changes in the distribution of C. archeri using worldwide distribution data. Ecological modelling was used to assess the locations of the potential climatic niches of C. archeri within both its native and introduced ranges in the past, present and future. Our study clearly shows that the coverage of suitable habitats of this fungus has decreased since the last glacial maximum, and anthropogenic climate changes are accelerating the process of niche loss. The highest rate of C. archeri range contraction is expected in Australia, where the fungus should be considered a threatened species in the future. Highly valuable habitats will be available in Tasmania and New Zealand. However, a significant expansion rate of C. archeri will still probably be observed in Europe, where the climatic conditions preferred by the fungus will allow its quick expansion northeast into the continent.
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Vlk L, Tedersoo L, Antl T, Větrovský T, Abarenkov K, Pergl J, Albrechtová J, Vosátka M, Baldrian P, Pyšek P, Kohout P. Alien ectomycorrhizal plants differ in their ability to interact with co-introduced and native ectomycorrhizal fungi in novel sites. THE ISME JOURNAL 2020; 14:2336-2346. [PMID: 32499492 PMCID: PMC7608243 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0692-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alien plants represent a potential threat to environment and society. Understanding the process of alien plants naturalization is therefore of primary importance. In alien plants, successful establishment can be constrained by the absence of suitable fungal partners. Here, we used 42 independent datasets of ectomycorrhizal fungal (EcMF) communities associated with alien Pinaceae and Eucalyptus spp., as the most commonly introduced tree species worldwide, to explore the strategies these plant groups utilize to establish symbioses with EcMF in the areas of introduction. We have also determined the differences in composition of EcMF communities associated with alien ectomycorrhizal plants in different regions. While alien Pinaceae introduced to new regions rely upon association with co-introduced EcMF, alien Eucalyptus often form novel interactions with EcMF species native to the region where the plant was introduced. The region of origin primarily determines species composition of EcMF communities associated with alien Pinaceae in new areas, which may largely affect invasion potential of the alien plants. Our study shows that alien ectomycorrhizal plants largely differ in their ability to interact with co-introduced and native ectomycorrhizal fungi in sites of introduction, which may potentially affect their invasive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Vlk
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
- Department of Biology, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tomáš Antl
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Větrovský
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kessy Abarenkov
- Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, 14a Ravila, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jan Pergl
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Albrechtová
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Vosátka
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Baldrian
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pyšek
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, 7602, South Africa
| | - Petr Kohout
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
- Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ-252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, CZ-128 44, Prague, Czech Republic.
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7
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Downing JL, Liu H, McCormick MK, Arce J, Alonso D, Lopez‐Perez J. Generalized mycorrhizal interactions and fungal enemy release drive range expansion of orchids in southern Florida. Ecosphere 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jason L. Downing
- International Center for Tropical Botany Florida International University 11200 8th Street Miami Florida33199USA
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden 10901 Old Cutler Road Coral Gables Florida33156USA
| | - Hong Liu
- International Center for Tropical Botany Florida International University 11200 8th Street Miami Florida33199USA
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden 10901 Old Cutler Road Coral Gables Florida33156USA
| | - Melissa K. McCormick
- Smithsonian Institution Smithsonian Environmental Research Center 647 Contees Wharf Road Edgewater Maryland21037USA
| | - Jay Arce
- International Center for Tropical Botany Florida International University 11200 8th Street Miami Florida33199USA
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden 10901 Old Cutler Road Coral Gables Florida33156USA
| | - Dailen Alonso
- International Center for Tropical Botany Florida International University 11200 8th Street Miami Florida33199USA
| | - Jorge Lopez‐Perez
- International Center for Tropical Botany Florida International University 11200 8th Street Miami Florida33199USA
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Matsuoka S, Iwasaki T, Sugiyama Y, Kawaguchi E, Doi H, Osono T. Biogeographic Patterns of Ectomycorrhizal Fungal Communities Associated With Castanopsis sieboldii Across the Japanese Archipelago. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2656. [PMID: 31798567 PMCID: PMC6868053 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biogeographic patterns in ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communities and their drivers have been elucidated, including effects of host tree species and abiotic (climatic and edaphic) conditions. At these geographic scales, genotypic diversity and composition of single host tree species change with spatial and environmental gradients, reflecting their historical dispersal events. However, whether the host genotypes can be associated with the biogeographic patterns of ECM communities remains unclear. We investigated the biogeographic pattern of ECM fungal community associated with the single host species Castanopsis sieboldii (Fagaceae), whose genotypic diversity and composition across the Japanese archipelago has already been evaluated. ECM communities were investigated in 12 mature Castanopsis-dominated forests covering almost the entire distribution range of C. sieboldii, and we quantified the effect of host genotypes on the biogeographic pattern of ECM fungal communities. Richness and community composition of ECM fungi changed with latitude and longitude; these biogeographic changes of ECM community were significantly correlated with host genotypic variables. Quantitative analyses showed a higher relative explanatory power of climatic and spatial variables than that of host genotypic variables for the biogeographic patterns in the ECM community. Our results suggest historical events of host dispersal can affect the biogeographic patterns of the ECM fungal community, while their explanation power was lower than that for climatic filtering and/or fungal dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunsuke Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Simulation Studies, University of Hyogo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takaya Iwasaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanagawa University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Yoriko Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Eri Kawaguchi
- Department of Life Science Frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Doi
- Graduate School of Simulation Studies, University of Hyogo, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Osono
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
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Schneider-Maunoury L, Taschen E, Richard F, Selosse MA. Soil spore bank in Tuber melanosporum: up to 42% of fruitbodies remain unremoved in managed truffle grounds. MYCORRHIZA 2019; 29:663-668. [PMID: 31701214 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-019-00912-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fungi fruiting hypogeously are believed to form spore banks in soil especially because some fruitbodies are not removed by animals. However, little is known on the proportion of fruitbodies that are not removed by animals. We took advantage of the brûlé phenomenon, which allows delineation of the mycelium distribution, to assess the proportion of unremoved black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) fruitbodies in the context of plantations where fruitbodies are actively sought and harvested by truffle growers. We inspected portions of the brûlés after the harvest season to find unremoved fruitbodies. On average, from six truffle grounds in which a total of 38 brûlés were investigated, unremoved fruitbodies represented 33% of the whole fruitbody production (42% when averaging all the brûlés). We discuss this value and its high variability among truffle grounds. Beyond the local and variable accidental reasons that may lead to this high proportion, we speculate that the formation of some undetectable fruitbodies may be under selection pressure, given the reproductive biology of T. melanosporum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Schneider-Maunoury
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, SU, EPHE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Elisa Taschen
- INRA, UMR Eco&Sols, Place Viala, 34060, Montpellier, France
| | - Franck Richard
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier - Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier - EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Marc-André Selosse
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB - UMR 7205 - CNRS, MNHN, SU, EPHE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005, Paris, France.
- Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
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Sulzbacher MA, Grebenc T, Nouhra ER, Giachini AJ, Martín MP, Baseia IG. Hysterangium atlanticum sp. nov., forms ectomycorrhizae with Coccoloba species (Polygonaceae) from the Atlantic rainforest of Northeastern Brazil. Symbiosis 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-019-00617-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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11
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Correia M, Heleno R, da Silva LP, Costa JM, Rodríguez-Echeverría S. First evidence for the joint dispersal of mycorrhizal fungi and plant diaspores by birds. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2019; 222:1054-1060. [PMID: 30372538 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Seed dispersal allows plants to colonise new sites and escape from pathogens and intraspecific competition, maintaining plant genetic diversity and regulating plant distribution. Conversely, most plant species form mutualistic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in a symbiosis established immediately after seed germination. Because AM fungi are obligate symbionts, using the same dispersal vector as their host should be highly advantageous for their survival, but the co-dispersal of seeds and AM fungal spores has never been confirmed. We aim to clarify the potential role of European birds, essential dispersers for many plant species, as co-dispersers of seeds and AM fungal spores. In total, 63 bird droppings with intact seeds were placed in sterilised soil and maintained for 4 months in a protected environment to avoid contamination. Additionally, 173 bird droppings and 729 gauze swabs used to clean birds' feet were inspected for AM fungal spores. Although no spores were detected by direct observation of these samples, seven Rubus ulmifolius seedlings obtained from four independent droppings of Erithacus rubecula and Sylvia melanocephala were colonised by AM fungi. Our results show that birds can effectively co-disperse viable seeds and AM fungal spores, potentially over long distances, providing a pivotal mechanism to understand the cosmopolitan distribution of AM fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Correia
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, 3001-456, Portugal
| | - Ruben Heleno
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, 3001-456, Portugal
| | - Luís Pascoal da Silva
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, 3001-456, Portugal
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, Vairão, 4485-661, Portugal
| | - José Miguel Costa
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, 3001-456, Portugal
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, 3000-456, Portugal
| | - Susana Rodríguez-Echeverría
- CFE - Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, Coimbra, 3001-456, Portugal
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Gelardi M, Angelini C, Costanzo F, Dovana F, Ortiz-Santana B, Vizzini A. Neoboletusantillanus sp. nov. (Boletaceae), first report of a red-pored bolete from the Dominican Republic and insights on the genus Neoboletus. MycoKeys 2019; 49:73-97. [PMID: 31043853 PMCID: PMC6477853 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.49.33185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoboletusantillanus sp. nov. appears to be the only red-pored bolete known from the Dominican Republic to date. It is reported as a novel species to science based on collections gathered in a neotropical lowland mixed broadleaved woodland. A detailed morphological description, color images of fresh basidiomes in habitat and line drawings of the main anatomical features are provided and relationships with phylogenetically and phenotypically similar taxa are discussed. Three genomic regions (nrITS, nrLSU/28S and rpb2) have been sequenced in order to reinforce the recognition of the new species and to elucidate its taxonomic affiliation within Neoboletus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gelardi
- Via Angelo Custode 4A, I-00061 Anguillara Sabazia, RM, Italy
| | - Claudio Angelini
- Via Cappuccini 78/8, I-33170 Pordenone, Italy
- National Botanical Garden of Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | | | - Francesco Dovana
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Beatriz Ortiz-Santana
- US Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Center for Forest Mycology Research, One Gifford Pinchot Drive, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, USA
| | - Alfredo Vizzini
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale P.A. Mattioli 25, I-10125 Torino, Italy
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Newcombe G, Harding A, Ridout M, Busby PE. A Hypothetical Bottleneck in the Plant Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1645. [PMID: 30108556 PMCID: PMC6080073 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant microbiome may be bottlenecked at the level of endophytes of individual seeds. Strong defense of developing seeds is predicted by optimal defense theory, and we have experimentally demonstrated exclusionary interactions among endophytic microbes infecting individual seeds of Centaurea stoebe. Having found a single, PDA-culturable microbe per seed or none in an exploratory study with Centaurea stoebe, we completed a more extensive survey of an additional 98 plant species representing 39 families. We again found that individual, surface-sterilized seeds of all species hosted only one PDA-culturable bacterial or fungal endophyte per seed, or none. PDA-unculturables were not determined but we expect them to also be bottlenecked in individual seeds, as they too should be governed by exclusionary interactions. If the bottleneck were confirmed with high-throughput sequencing of individual seeds then it would make sense to further investigate the Primary Symbiont Hypothesis (PSH). This includes the prediction that primary symbionts (i.e., the winners of the exclusionary battles among seed endophytes) have strong effects on seedlings depending on symbiont identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Newcombe
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Abby Harding
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Mary Ridout
- Department of Forest, Rangeland, and Fire Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
| | - Posy E. Busby
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
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