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Zhao W, Zhang W, Hu Y, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Li Y, Xu Z. AdipoRon Ameliorates Synaptic Dysfunction and Inhibits tau Hyperphosphorylation through the AdipoR/AMPK/mTOR Pathway in T2DM Mice. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:2075-2086. [PMID: 38819697 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04162-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
There is growing evidence showing that adiponectin (APN) can improve Alzheimer's disease(AD)-like pathological changes by improving insulin resistance. However, the role of AdipoRon (an Adiponectin receptor agonist) on synaptic plasticity and cognitive dysfunction in the early stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the neuroprotective effect and the molecular mechanism underlying the effect of AdipoRon in T2DM mice. We found that AdipoRon significantly restored the cognitive deficits in T2DM mice, including shorter escape latency, more crossing times, increased distances, and percentage of time in the target quadrant. In addition, AdipoRon treatment up-regulated synaptic proteins (PSD95, SYN, GAP43, and SYP), increased the number of hippocampal synapses and attenuated synaptic damage, including the length, the number and the density of dendritic spines in CA1 and DG regions. Furthermore, AdipoRon attenuated Tau phosphorylation at multiple AD-related sites (p-tau 205, p-tau 396, p-tau 404) by promoting AdipoR expression and activating the AMPK/mTOR pathway. Our data suggests that AdipoRon exerts neuroprotective effects on the T2DM mice, which may be mediated by the activation of the AdipoR/AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Zhao
- Department of Neuropsychology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Neuropsychology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yingying Hu
- Department of Neuropsychology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuliang Zhou
- Department of Neuropsychology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Neuropsychology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yahong Li
- Department of Applied Psychology, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Neuropsychology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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2
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Tao B, Gong W, Xu C, Ma Z, Mei J, Chen M. The relationship between hypoxia and Alzheimer's disease: an updated review. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1402774. [PMID: 39086755 PMCID: PMC11288848 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1402774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and the most prevalent form of dementia. The main hallmarks for the diagnosis of AD are extracellular amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque deposition and intracellular accumulation of highly hyperphosphorylated Tau protein as neurofibrillary tangles. The brain consumes more oxygen than any other organs, so it is more easily to be affected by hypoxia. Hypoxia has long been recognized as one of the possible causes of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, but the exact mechanism has not been clarified. In this review, we will elucidate the connection between hypoxia-inducible factors-1α and AD, including its contribution to AD and its possible protective effects. Additionally, we will discuss the relationship between oxidative stress and AD as evidence show that oxidative stress acts on AD-related pathogenic factors such as mitochondrial dysfunction, Aβ deposition, inflammation, etc. Currently, there is no cure for AD. Given the close association between hypoxia, oxidative stress, and AD, along with current research on the protective effects of antioxidants against AD, we speculate that antioxidants could be a potential therapeutic approach for AD and worth further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borui Tao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The First Clinical Medical College, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chengyuan Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhihui Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jinyu Mei
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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3
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Fan H, Yuan M, Wang S, Yang X, Shu L, Pu Y, Zou Q, Zhang X, Wang C, Cai Z. Dietary salt promotes cognitive impairment through repression of SIRT3/PINK1-mediated mitophagy and fission. Mol Cell Biochem 2024:10.1007/s11010-024-05069-y. [PMID: 38997506 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-024-05069-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Dietary salt is increasingly recognized as an independent risk factor for cognitive impairment. However, the exact mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Mitochondria, which play a crucial role in energy metabolism, are implicated in cognitive function through processes such as mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy. While mitochondrial dysfunction is acknowledged as a significant determinant of cognitive function, the specific relationship between salt-induced cognitive impairment and mitochondrial health has yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we explored the underlying mechanism of cognitive impairment of mice and N2a cells treated with high-salt focusing on the mitochondrial homeostasis with western blotting, immunofluorescence, electron microscopy, RNA sequencing, and more. We further explored the potential role of SIRT3 in salt-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic alteration through plasmid transfection and siRNA. High salt diet significantly inhibited mitochondrial fission and blocked mitophagy, leading to dysfunctional mitochondria and impaired synaptic plasticity. Our findings demonstrated that SIRT3 not only promote mitochondrial fission by modulating phosphorylated DRP1, but also rescue mitophagy through promoting PINK1/Parkin-dependent pathway. Overall, our data for the first time indicate that mitochondrial homeostasis imbalance is a driver of impaired synaptic plasticity in a cognitive impairment phenotype that is exacerbated by a long-term high-salt diet, and highlight the protective role of SIRT3 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Fan
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China
- First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Minghao Yuan
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Shenyuan Wang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Liu Shu
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Yinshuang Pu
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Qian Zou
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Chuanling Wang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 400013, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China
| | - Zhiyou Cai
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, 400013, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Chongqing, 400013, China.
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Li T, Qu J, Hu C, Pang J, Qian Y, Li Y, Peng Z. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) suppresses mitophagy through disturbing the protein interaction of PINK1-Parkin in sepsis-associated acute kidney injury. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:473. [PMID: 38956064 PMCID: PMC11220046 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Damage to renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) signaled the onset and progression of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (SA-AKI). Recent research on mitochondria has revealed that mitophagy plays a crucial physiological role in alleviating injury to RTECs and it is suppressed progressively by the inflammation response in SA-AKI. However, the mechanism by which inflammation influences mitophagy remains poorly understood. We examined how macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a pro-inflammatory protein, influences the PINK1-Parkin pathway of mitophagy by studying protein-protein interactions when MIF was inhibited or overexpressed. Surprisingly, elevated levels of MIF were found to directly bind to PINK1, disrupting its interaction with Parkin. This interference hindered the recruitment of Parkin to mitochondria and impeded the initiation of mitophagy. Furthermore, this outcome led to significant apoptosis of RTECs, which could, however, be reversed by an MIF inhibitor ISO-1 and/or a new mitophagy activator T0467. These findings highlight the detrimental impact of MIF on renal damage through its disruption of the interaction between PINK1 and Parkin, and the therapeutic potential of ISO-1 and T0467 in mitigating SA-AKI. This study offers a fresh perspective on treating SA-AKI by targeting MIF and mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianlong Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, 430071, China
| | - Jiachen Qu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, 430071, China
| | - Chang Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, 430071, China
| | - Jingjing Pang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, 430071, China
| | - Yaoyao Qian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, 430071, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, 430071, China.
| | - Zhiyong Peng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei province, 430071, China.
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Zhao Y, Xu K, Shu F, Zhang F. Neurotropic virus infection and neurodegenerative diseases: Potential roles of autophagy pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14548. [PMID: 38082503 PMCID: PMC11163195 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) constitute a group of disorders characterized by the progressive deterioration of nervous system functionality. Currently, the precise etiological factors responsible for NDs remain incompletely elucidated, although it is probable that a combination of aging, genetic predisposition, and environmental stressors participate in this process. Accumulating evidence indicates that viral infections, especially neurotropic viruses, can contribute to the onset and progression of NDs. In this review, emerging evidence supporting the association between viral infection and NDs is summarized, and how the autophagy pathway mediated by viral infection can cause pathological aggregation of cellular proteins associated with various NDs is discussed. Furthermore, autophagy-related genes (ARGs) involved in Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) infection and NDs are analyzed, and whether these genes could link HSV-1 infection to NDs is discussed. Elucidating the mechanisms underlying NDs is critical for developing targeted therapeutic approaches that prevent the onset and slow the progression of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐jia Zhao
- Laboratory Animal CentreZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Kai‐fei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Fu‐xing Shu
- Bioresource Institute for Healthy UtilizationZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
| | - Feng Zhang
- Laboratory Animal CentreZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Guizhou ProvinceZunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhouChina
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6
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Rajendran K, Krishnan UM. Mechanistic insights and emerging therapeutic stratagems for Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102309. [PMID: 38615895 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), a multi-factorial neurodegenerative disorder has affected over 30 million individuals globally and these numbers are expected to increase in the coming decades. Current therapeutic interventions are largely ineffective as they focus on a single target. Development of an effective drug therapy requires a deep understanding of the various factors influencing the onset and progression of the disease. Aging and genetic factors exert a major influence on the development of AD. Other factors like post-viral infections, iron overload, gut dysbiosis, and vascular dysfunction also exacerbate the onset and progression of AD. Further, post-translational modifications in tau, DRP1, CREB, and p65 proteins increase the disease severity through triggering mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic loss, and differential interaction of amyloid beta with different receptors leading to impaired intracellular signalling. With advancements in neuroscience tools, new inter-relations that aggravate AD are being discovered including pre-existing diseases and exposure to other pathogens. Simultaneously, new therapeutic strategies involving modulation of gene expression through targeted delivery or modulation with light, harnessing the immune response to promote clearance of amyloid deposits, introduction of stem cells and extracellular vesicles to replace the destroyed neurons, exploring new therapeutic molecules from plant, marine and biological sources delivered in the free state or through nanoparticles and use of non-pharmacological interventions like music, transcranial stimulation and yoga. Polypharmacology approaches involving combination of therapeutic agents are also under active investigation for superior therapeutic outcomes. This review elaborates on various disease-causing factors, their underlying mechanisms, the inter-play between different disease-causing players, and emerging therapeutic options including those under clinical trials, for treatment of AD. The challenges involved in AD therapy and the way forward have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayalvizhi Rajendran
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India; Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India; School of Arts, Sciences, Humanities & Education, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, Tamilnadu 613401, India.
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7
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Yu S, Guo F, Luo Y, Zhang X, Wang C, Liu Y, Zhang H. Electropositive Citric Acid-Polyethyleneimine Carbon Dots Carrying the PINK1 Gene Regulate ATP-Related Metabolic Dysfunction in APP/PS1-N2a Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:1907. [PMID: 38731398 PMCID: PMC11085363 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) peptide accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction during the early stage of disease. PINK1 regulates the balance between mitochondrial homeostasis and bioenergy supply and demand via the PINK1/Parkin pathway, Na+/Ca2+ exchange, and other pathways. (2) Methods: In this study, we synthesized positively charged carbon dots (CA-PEI CDs) using citric acid (CA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) and used them as vectors to express PINK1 genes in the APP/PS1-N2a cell line to determine mitochondrial function, electron transport chain (ETC) activity, and ATP-related metabolomics. (3) Results: Our findings showed that the CA-PEI CDs exhibit the characteristics of photoluminescence, low toxicity, and concentrated DNA. They are ideal biological carriers for gene delivery. PINK1 overexpression significantly increased the mitochondrial membrane potential in APP/PS1-N2a cells and reduced reactive-oxygen-species generation and Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels. An increase in the activity of NADH ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I, CI) and cytochrome C oxidase (complex IV, CIV) induces the oxidative phosphorylation of mitochondria, increasing ATP generation. (4) Conclusions: These findings indicate that the PINK gene can alleviate AD by increasing bioenergetic metabolism, reducing Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42, and increasing ATP production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Yu
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Health Translational Medicine Research Center in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Feng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Health Translational Medicine Research Center in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Yuzhen Luo
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Health Translational Medicine Research Center in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Xingfang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Health Translational Medicine Research Center in Tropical Environment of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Clinical Medical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yiheng Liu
- Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
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Zhai W, Zhao M, Wei C, Zhang G, Qi Y, Zhao A, Sun L. Biomarker profiling to determine clinical impact of microRNAs in cognitive disorders. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8270. [PMID: 38594359 PMCID: PMC11004146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58882-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) are the leading causes of progressive dementia related to neurodegenerative and cerebrovascular injuries in elderly populations. Despite decades of research, patients with these conditions still lack minimally invasive, low-cost, and effective diagnostic and treatment methods. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in AD and PSCI pathology. As they are easily obtained from patients, miRNAs are promising candidates for the diagnosis and treatment of these two disorders. In this study, we performed complete sequencing analysis of miRNAs from 24 participants, split evenly into the PSCI, post-stroke non-cognitive impairment (PSNCI), AD, and normal control (NC) groups. To screen for differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) in patients, we predicted their target genes using bioinformatics analysis. Our analyses identified miRNAs that can distinguish between the investigated disorders; several of them were novel and never previously reported. Their target genes play key roles in multiple signaling pathways that have potential to be modified as a clinical treatment. In conclusion, our study demonstrates the potential of miRNAs and their key target genes in disease management. Further in-depth investigations with larger sample sizes will contribute to the development of precise treatments for AD and PSCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Zhai
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1#, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1#, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunxiao Wei
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1#, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guimei Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1#, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiming Qi
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1#, Changchun, 130021, China
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Anguo Zhao
- Department of Urology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Xinmin Street 1#, Changchun, 130021, China.
- Department of Neurology, Cognitive Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Yu Z, Luo F. The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Alzheimer's Disease: From Mechanism to Biomaterials Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2304373. [PMID: 38508583 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, insidious, and progressive neurodegenerative disease that remains a clinical challenge for society. The fully approved drug lecanemab exhibits the prospect of therapy against the pathological processes, while debatable adverse events conflict with the drug concentration required for the anticipated therapeutic effects. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathological progression of AD, as has been demonstrated in much research regarding oxidative stress (OS). The contradiction between anticipated dosage and adverse event may be resolved through targeted transport by biomaterials and get therapeutic effects through pathological progression via regulation of ROS. Besides, biomaterials fix delivery issues by promoting the penetration of drugs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), protecting the drug from peripheral degradation, and elevating bioavailability. The goal is to comprehensively understand the mechanisms of ROS in the progression of AD disease and the potential of ROS-related biomaterials in the treatment of AD. This review focuses on OS and its connection with AD and novel biomaterials in recent years against AD via OS to inspire novel biomaterial development. Revisiting these biomaterials and mechanisms associated with OS in AD via thorough investigations presents a considerable potential and bright future for improving effective interventions for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Feng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Center for Stomatology and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
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Feng J, Zhuo S, Liu D, Peng H, Guo D, Li N, Sun H, Zhang C, Zhao J. H 2S inhibits LiCl/pilocarpine-induced seizures and promotes neuroprotection by regulating TRPV2 expression via the AC3/cAMP/PKA pathway. Neurochem Int 2024; 174:105677. [PMID: 38290616 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent and atypical neuronal discharges, resulting in transient dysfunction within the brain. The protective role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in epilepsy has been elucidated by recent studies, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To investigate this, the concentration of H2S was measured by spectrophotometry and a fluorescent probe in LiCl/Pilocarpine (LiCl/Pilo)-induced seizures in rats. The localization of proteins was examined using immunofluorescence. Electroencephalogram and behavioral tests were employed to evaluate the occurrence of seizures. Neuropathological changes in the hippocampus were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining, Nissl staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Through proteomics and bioinformatics analysis, we identified the differential proteins in the hippocampus of rats following H2S intervention. Protein changes were detected through western blotting. The results showed that H2S treatment significantly alleviated seizures and minimized post-seizures neurological damage in rats. Proteomics analysis revealed adenylate cyclase 3 (AC3) as a protein potentially targeted by H2S. Moreover, the AC3 activator forskolin reversed the downregulation effect of H2S on the AC3/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/protein kinase A (PKA)/transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2) signaling pathway. In conclusion, H2S targets and downregulates the expression of AC3, thereby modulating the AC3/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway to regulate the expression of TRPV2 in LiCl/Pilo-induced seizures, ultimately leading to seizure inhibition and neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jigao Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University (Hainan General Hospital), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Shenghua Zhuo
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dayuan Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second People's Hospital of Hainan Province, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Dachuang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University (Hainan General Hospital), Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hu Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Caicai Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.
| | - Jiannong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University (Hainan General Hospital), Haikou, Hainan, China.
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Zhang M, Niu H, Li Q, Jiao L, Li H, Wu W. Active Compounds of Panax ginseng in the Improvement of Alzheimer's Disease and Application of Spatial Metabolomics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 17:38. [PMID: 38256872 PMCID: PMC10818864 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (P. ginseng) is one of the more common traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). It contains numerous chemical components and exhibits a range of pharmacological effects. An enormous burden is placed on people's health and life by Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative condition. Recent research has shown that P. ginseng's chemical constituents, particularly ginsenosides, have a significant beneficial impact on the prevention and management of neurological disorders. To understand the current status of research on P. ginseng to improve AD, this paper discusses the composition of P. ginseng, its mechanism of action, and its clinical application. The pathogenesis of AD includes amyloid beta protein (Aβ) generation and aggregation, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, oxidant stress, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial damage, and neurotransmitter and gut microbiota disorders. This review presents the key molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of the active ingredients in P. ginseng involved in improving AD from the perspective of AD pathogenesis. A P. ginseng-related signaling pathway network was constructed to provide effective targets for the treatment of AD. In addition, the application of spatial metabolomics techniques in studying P. ginseng and AD is discussed. In summary, this paper discusses research perspectives for the study of P. ginseng in the treatment of AD, including a systematic and in-depth review of the mechanisms of action of the active substances in P. ginseng, and evaluates the feasibility of applying spatial metabolomics in the study of AD pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hui Li
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (M.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.L.); (L.J.)
| | - Wei Wu
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China; (M.Z.); (H.N.); (Q.L.); (L.J.)
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12
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Chandravanshi LP, Agrawal P, Darwish HW, Trigun SK. Impairments of Spatial Memory and N-methyl-d-aspartate Receptors and Their Postsynaptic Signaling Molecules in the Hippocampus of Developing Rats Induced by As, Pb, and Mn Mixture Exposure. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1715. [PMID: 38137163 PMCID: PMC10742016 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to metal mixtures is recognized as a real-life scenario, needing novel studies that can assess their complex effects on brain development. There is still a significant public health concern associated with chronic low levels of metal exposure. In contrast to other metals, these three metals (As, Pb, and Mn) are commonly found in various environmental and industrial contexts. In addition to additive or synergistic interactions, concurrent exposure to this metal mixture may also have neurotoxic effects that differ from those caused by exposure to single components. The NMDA receptor and several important signaling proteins are involved in learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, including CaMKII, postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), synaptic Ras GTPase activating protein (SynGAP), a negative regulator of Ras-MAPK activity, and CREB. We hypothesized that alterations in the above molecular players may contribute to metal mixture developmental neurotoxicity. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of these metals and their mixture at low doses (As 4 mg, Pb 4 mg, and Mn 10 mg/kg bw/p.o) on NMDA receptors and their postsynaptic signaling proteins during developing periods (GD6 to PD59) of the rat brain. Rats exposed to As, Pb, and Mn individually or at the same doses in a triple-metal mixture (MM) showed impairments in learning and memory functions in comparison to the control group rats. Declined protein expressions of NR2A, PSD-95, p- CaMKII, and pCREB were observed in the metal mix-exposed rats, while the expression of SynGAP was found to be enhanced in the hippocampus as compared to the controls on PD60. Thereby, our data suggest that alterations in the NMDA receptor complex and postsynaptic signaling proteins could explain the cognitive dysfunctions caused by metal-mixture-induced developmental neurotoxicity in rats. These outcomes indicate that incessant metal mixture exposure may have detrimental consequences on brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit P. Chandravanshi
- Department of Forensic Science, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201308, India; (L.P.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Prashant Agrawal
- Department of Forensic Science, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201308, India; (L.P.C.); (P.A.)
| | - Hany W. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Surendra Kumar Trigun
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
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13
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Wu KJ, Wang WR, Cheng QH, Li H, Yan WZ, Zhou FR, Zhang RJ. Pyroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases: from bench to bedside. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:2467-2499. [PMID: 37491594 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The central nervous system regulates all aspects of physiology to some extent. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) lead to the progressive loss and dysfunction of neurons, which are particularly evident in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and many other conditions. NDDs are multifactorial diseases with complex pathogeneses, and there has been a rapid increase in the prevalence of NDDs. However, none of these diseases can be cured, making the development of novel treatment strategies an urgent necessity. Numerous studies have indicated how pyroptosis induces inflammation and affects many aspects of NDD. Therefore, components related to pyroptosis are potential therapeutic candidates and are attracting increasing attention. Here, we review the role of pyroptosis in the pathogenesis of NDDs and potential treatment options. Additionally, several of the current drugs and relevant inhibitors are discussed. Through this article, we provide theoretical support for exploring new therapeutic targets and updating clinical treatment strategies for NDDs. Notably, pyroptosis, a recently widely studied mode of cell death, is still under-researched compared to other traditional forms of cell death. Moreover, the focus of research has been on the onset and progression of NDDs, and the lack of organ-specific target discovery and drug development is a common problem for many basic studies. This urgent problem requires scientists and companies worldwide to collaborate in order to develop more effective drugs against NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jia Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Tanghe Road, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wan-Rong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Tanghe Road, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Hui Cheng
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Tanghe Road, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Li
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Tanghe Road, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Zhen Yan
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Tanghe Road, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei-Ran Zhou
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Tanghe Road, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Jie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Tanghe Road, Hefei, 230012, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Zhou TY, Ma RX, Li J, Zou B, Yang H, Ma RY, Wu ZQ, Li J, Yao Y. Review of PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitochondrial autophagy in Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 959:176057. [PMID: 37751832 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.176057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial autophagy plays an important role in maintaining the complexity of mitochondrial functions and removing damaged mitochondria, of which the PINK1-Parkin signal pathway is one of the most classical pathways. Thus, a comprehensive and in-depth interpretation of the PINK1-Parkin signal pathway might deepen our understanding on the impacts of mitochondrial autophagy. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a classical example of neurodegenerative disease. Research on the pathogenesis and treatments of AD has been a focus of scientific research because of its complexity and the limitations of current drug therapies. It was reported that the pathogenesis of AD might be related to mitochondrial autophagy due to excessive deposition of Aβ protein and aggravation of the phosphorylation of Tau protein. Two key proteins in the PINK1-Parkin signaling pathway, PINK1 and Parkin, have important roles in the folding and accumulation of Aβ protein and the phosphorylation of Tau protein. In addition, the intermediate signal molecules in the PINK1-Parkin signal pathway also have certain effects on AD. In this paper, we first described the role of PINK1-Parkin signal pathway on mitochondrial autophagy, then discussed and analyzed the effect of the PINK1-Parkin signal pathway in AD and other metabolic diseases. Our aim was to provide a theoretical direction to further elucidate the pathogenesis of AD and highlight the key molecules related to AD that could be important targets used for AD drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yuan Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Rui-Xia Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jia Li
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Bin Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Research Center of Medical Science and Technology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Rui-Yin Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Zi-Qi Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China; Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center for Modernization of Characteristic Chinese Medicine, and Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
| | - Yao Yao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
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15
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Tabassum S, Misrani A, Huang HX, Zhang ZY, Li QW, Long C. Resveratrol Attenuates Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress-Induced Alterations in the SIRT1/PGC1α/SIRT3 Pathway and Associated Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5102-5116. [PMID: 37256428 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Environmental challenges, specifically chronic stress, have long been associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is a NAD+-dependent deacetylase that is widely distributed in the cortex and is involved in stress responses and neuropsychiatric disorders. Nevertheless, how chronic stress modulates the SIRT1 pathway and associated signaling remains unclear. In this study, we first explored the impact of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) on the SIRT1/PGC1α/SIRT3 pathway, on GABAergic mechanisms, and on mitophagy, autophagy and apoptosis in mice. We also asked whether activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol (RSV) can attenuate CUMS-induced molecular and behavioral alterations. Two-month-old C57/BL6J mice were subjected to three weeks of CUMS and one week of RSV treatment (30 mg/kg; i.p.) during the third week of CUMS. CUMS caused downregulation of the SIRT1/PGC1α/SIRT3 pathway leading to impaired mitochondrial morphology and function. CUMS also resulted in a reduction in numbers of parvalbumin-positive interneurons and increased oxidative stress leading to reduced expression of autophagy- and mitophagy-related proteins. Strikingly, activation of SIRT1 by RSV ameliorated expression of SIRT1/PGC1α/SIRT3, and also improved mitochondrial function, GABAergic mechanisms, mitophagy, autophagy and apoptosis. RSV also rescued CUMS-induced anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior in mice. Our results raise the compelling possibility that RSV treatment might be a viable therapeutic method of blocking stress-induced behavioral alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Tabassum
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Afzal Misrani
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Hui-Xian Huang
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Zai-Yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China
- Cardiovascular Institute of Panyu District, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Qiao-Wei Li
- Department of Neurology, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Cheng Long
- South China Normal University-Panyu Central Hospital Joint Laboratory of Translational Medical Research, Panyu Central Hospital, Guangzhou, 511400, China.
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China.
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16
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Mishra E, Thakur MK. Mitophagy: A promising therapeutic target for neuroprotection during ageing and age-related diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1542-1561. [PMID: 36792062 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria and mitochondria-mediated signalling pathways are known to control synaptic signalling, as well as long-lasting changes in neuronal structure and function. Mitochondrial impairment is linked to synaptic dysfunction in normal ageing and age-associated neurodegenerative ailments, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both proteolysis and mitophagy perform a major role in neuroprotection, by maintaining a healthy mitochondrial population during ageing. Mitophagy, a highly evolutionarily conserved cellular process, helps in the clearance of damaged mitochondria and thereby maintains the mitochondrial and metabolic balance, energy supply, neuronal survival and neuronal health. Besides the maintenance of brain homeostasis, hippocampal mitophagy also helps in synapse formation, axonal development, dopamine release and long-term depression. In contrast, defective mitophagy contributes to ageing and age-related neurodegeneration by promoting the accumulation of damaged mitochondria leading to cellular dysfunction. Exercise, stress management, maintaining healthy mitochondrial dynamics and administering natural or synthetic pharmacological compounds are some of the strategies used for neuroprotection during ageing and age-related neurological diseases. The current review discusses the impact of defective mitophagy in ageing and age-associated neurodegenerative conditions, the underlying molecular pathways and potential therapies based on recently elucidated mitophagy-inducing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ela Mishra
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Mahendra Kumar Thakur
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Advanced Study, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
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17
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Liu C, Liu Y, Ma B, Zhou M, Zhao X, Fu X, Kan S, Hu W, Zhu R. Mitochondrial regulatory mechanisms in spinal cord injury: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31930. [PMID: 36401438 PMCID: PMC9678589 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury is a severe central nervous system injury that results in the permanent loss of motor, sensory, and autonomic functions below the level of injury with limited recovery. The pathological process of spinal cord injury includes primary and secondary injuries, characterized by a progressive cascade. Secondary injury impairs the ability of the mitochondria to maintain homeostasis and leads to calcium overload, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress, further exacerbating the injury. The defective mitochondrial function observed in these pathologies accelerates neuronal cell death and inhibits regeneration. Treatment of spinal cord injury by preserving mitochondrial biological function is a promising, although still underexplored, therapeutic strategy. This review aimed to explore mitochondrial-based therapeutic advances after spinal cord injury. Specifically, it briefly describes the characteristics of spinal cord injury. It then broadly discusses the drugs used to protect the mitochondria (e.g., cyclosporine A, acetyl-L-carnitine, and alpha-tocopherol), phenomena associated with mitochondrial damage processes (e.g., mitophagy, ferroptosis, and cuproptosis), mitochondrial transplantation for nerve cell regeneration, and innovative mitochondrial combined protection therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjiang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yidong Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Boyuan Ma
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuanhao Fu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Shunli Kan
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Rusen Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center Tianjin, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Rusen Zhu, Department of Spine Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center190jieyuan Road, Honggiao District, Tianjin 300121, China (e-mail: )
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18
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Zuo J, Zhang Z, Luo M, Zhou L, Nice EC, Zhang W, Wang C, Huang C. Redox signaling at the crossroads of human health and disease. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e127. [PMID: 35386842 PMCID: PMC8971743 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Redox biology is at the core of life sciences, accompanied by the close correlation of redox processes with biological activities. Redox homeostasis is a prerequisite for human health, in which the physiological levels of nonradical reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as the primary second messengers to modulate physiological redox signaling by orchestrating multiple redox sensors. However, excessive ROS accumulation, termed oxidative stress (OS), leads to biomolecule damage and subsequent occurrence of various diseases such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cancer. Herein, starting with the evolution of redox biology, we reveal the roles of ROS as multifaceted physiological modulators to mediate redox signaling and sustain redox homeostasis. In addition, we also emphasize the detailed OS mechanisms involved in the initiation and development of several important diseases. ROS as a double-edged sword in disease progression suggest two different therapeutic strategies to treat redox-relevant diseases, in which targeting ROS sources and redox-related effectors to manipulate redox homeostasis will largely promote precision medicine. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the redox signaling networks under physiological and pathological conditions will facilitate the development of redox medicine and benefit patients with redox-relevant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Maochao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
| | - Edouard C. Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyMonash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Wei Zhang
- West China Biomedical Big Data CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
- Mental Health Center and Psychiatric LaboratoryThe State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital of Sichuan UniversityChengduP. R. China
| | - Chuang Wang
- Department of PharmacologyProvincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of MedicineNingboZhejiangP. R. China
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for BiotherapyChengduP. R. China
- Department of PharmacologyProvincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of MedicineNingboZhejiangP. R. China
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