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Castro A, Goodman AM, Rane Z, Talwar JV, Frampton GM, Morris GP, Lippman SM, Zhang X, Kurzrock R, Carter H. Autoimmune HLA Alleles and Neoepitope Presentation Predict Post-Allogenic Transplant Relapse. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOTHERAPY AND PRECISION ONCOLOGY 2023; 6:127-132. [PMID: 37637234 PMCID: PMC10448732 DOI: 10.36401/jipo-22-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) can cure patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, many patients relapse or develop debilitating graft-versus-host disease. Transplant restores T-cell reactivity against tumor cells, implicating patient human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-dependent antigen presentation via the major histocompatibility complex as a determinant of response. We sought to identify characteristics of the HLA genotype that influence response in allo-HSCT patients. Methods We collected HLA genotype and panel-based somatic mutation profiles for 55 patients with AML and MDS and available data treated at the University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center between May 2012 and January 2019. We evaluated characteristics of the HLA genotype relative to relapse-free time and overall survival (OS) post-allo-HSCT using univariable and multivariable regression. Results In multivariable regression, the presence of an autoimmune allele was significantly associated with relapse-free time (hazard ratio [HR], 0.25; p = 0.01) and OS (HR, 0.16; p < 0.005). The better potential of the donor HLA type to present peptides harboring driver mutations trended toward better relapse-free survival (HR, 0.45; p = 0.07) and significantly correlated with longer OS (HR, 0.33; p = 0.01) though only a minority of cases had an HLA mismatch. Conclusion In this single institution retrospective study of patients receiving allo-HSCT for relapsed AML/MDS, characteristics of an individual's HLA genotype (presence of an autoimmune allele and potential of the donor HLA to better present peptides representing driver mutations) were significantly associated with better outcomes. These findings suggest that HLA type may guide the optimal application of allo-HSCT and merit evaluation in larger cohorts. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02478931.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Castro
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aaron M. Goodman
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Rane
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - James V. Talwar
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Gerald P. Morris
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott M. Lippman
- School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xinlian Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Razelle Kurzrock
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hannah Carter
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Pang Y, Holtzman NG. Immunopathogenic mechanisms and modulatory approaches to graft-versus-host disease prevention in acute myeloid leukaemia. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2023; 36:101475. [PMID: 37353287 PMCID: PMC10291443 DOI: 10.1016/j.beha.2023.101475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only potential cure for intermediate to high-risk acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). The therapeutic effect of HSCT is largely dependent on the powerful donor-derived immune response against recipient leukaemia cells, known as graft-versus-leukaemia effect (GvL). However, the donor-derived immune system can also cause acute or chronic damage to normal recipient organs and tissues, in a process known as graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). GvHD is a leading cause of non-relapse mortality in HSCT recipients. There are many similarities and cross talk between the immune pathways of GvL and GvHD. Studies have demonstrated that both processes require the presence of mismatched alloantigens between the donor and recipient, and activation of immune responses centered around donor T-cells, which can be further modulated by various recipient or donor factors. Dissecting GvL from GvHD to achieve more effective GvHD prevention and enhanced GvL has been the holy grail of HSCT research. In this review, we focused on the key factors that contribute to the immune responses of GvL and GvHD, the effect on GvL with different GvHD prophylactic strategies, and the potential impact of various AML relapse prevention therapy or treatments on GvHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Pang
- Department of Haematologic Oncology and Blood Disorders, Levine Cancer Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA.
| | - Noa G Holtzman
- Immune Deficiency Cellular Therapy Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Dong M, Zhang G, Meng J, Liu B, Jiang D, Liu F. MMP9-Associated Tumor Stem Cells, CCL1-Silenced Dendritic Cells, and Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells Have a Remarkable Therapeutic Efficacy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia by Activating T Cells. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:2490943. [PMID: 37200633 PMCID: PMC10188259 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2490943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dendritic cells (DC) are specialized antigen-presenting cells, and cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells have a specific killing activity to a variety of tumors. However, the underlining mechanism and function of DC-CIK cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remain largely elusive. Methods Gene expression profiles of leukemia patients were obtained from TCGA, DC cell components were evaluated using the quanTIseq method, and cancer stem cell scores were estimated using machine learning methods. The transcriptomes were obtained in DC-CIK cells from normal and AML patients by high-throughput sequencing. Large differentially expressed mRNAs were verified by RT-qPCR assay, and MMP9 and CCL1 were selected for subsequent studies in vivo and in vitro experiments. Results Significant positive correlations were found with DC versus cancer stem cells (p = 0.008) and the expression of MMP9 versus cancer stem cells (p = 0.018). MMP9 and CCL1 were found to be highly expressed in DC-CIK cells from AML patients. DC-CIK cells with MMP9 and CCL1 knockout alone had little effect on leukemia cells, while knockdown of MMP9 and CCL1 in DC-CIK cells increased cytotoxicity, suppressed proliferation, and induced apoptosis of leukemia cells. In addition, we proved that MMP9- and CCL1-silenced DC-CIK cells significantly elevated the CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ cells and lowered the CD4+PD-1+ and CD8+PD-1+ T cells. Meanwhile, blockage of MMP9 and CCL1 in DC-CIK cells dramatically increased IL-2 and IFN-γ, increased CD107aþ (LAMP-1) and granzyme B (GZMB), and downregulated PD-1, CTLA4, TIM3, and LAG3 T cells from AML patients and AML model mice. Furthermore, activated T cells in DC-CIK cells knocking down MMP9 and CCL1 also prevented proliferation and accelerated apoptosis of AML cells. Conclusion Our findings demonstrated that blockage of MMP9 and CCL1 in DC-CIK cells could markedly enhance the therapeutic efficiency in AML via activating T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Dong
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570000, China
| | - Guozhen Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570000, China
| | - Jie Meng
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570000, China
| | - Biou Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Duanfeng Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570000, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin 541001, China
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O'Brien LJ, Guillerey C, Radford KJ. Can Dendritic Cell Vaccination Prevent Leukemia Relapse? Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060875. [PMID: 31234526 PMCID: PMC6627518 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukemias are clonal proliferative disorders arising from immature leukocytes in the bone marrow. While the advent of targeted therapies has improved survival in certain subtypes, relapse after initial therapy is a major problem. Dendritic cell (DC) vaccination has the potential to induce tumor-specific T cells providing long-lasting, anti-tumor immunity. This approach has demonstrated safety but limited clinical success until recently, as DC vaccination faces several barriers in both solid and hematological malignancies. Importantly, vaccine-mediated stimulation of protective immune responses is hindered by the aberrant production of immunosuppressive factors by cancer cells which impede both DC and T cell function. Leukemias present the additional challenge of severely disrupted hematopoiesis owing to both cytogenic defects in hematopoietic progenitors and an abnormal hematopoietic stem cell niche in the bone marrow; these factors accentuate systemic immunosuppression and DC malfunction. Despite these obstacles, several recent clinical trials have caused great excitement by extending survival in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients through DC vaccination. Here, we review the phenotype and functional capacity of DCs in leukemia and approaches to harness DCs in leukemia patients. We describe the recent clinical successes in AML and detail the multiple new strategies that might enhance prognosis in AML and other leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam J O'Brien
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Camille Guillerey
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Kristen J Radford
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
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