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Tobiasson M, Pandzic T, Illman J, Nilsson L, Weström S, Ejerblad E, Olesen G, Björklund A, Olsnes Kittang A, Werlenius O, Lorentz F, Rasmussen B, Cammenga J, Weber D, Lindholm C, Wiggh J, Dimitriou M, Moen AE, Yip Lundström L, von Bahr L, Baltzer-Sollander K, Jädersten M, Kytölä S, Walldin G, Ljungman P, Groenbaek K, Mielke S, Jacobsen SEW, Ebeling F, Cavelier L, Smidstrup Friis L, Dybedal I, Hellström-Lindberg E. Patient-Specific Measurable Residual Disease Markers Predict Outcome in Patients With Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Related Diseases After Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:1378-1390. [PMID: 38232336 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical relapse is the major threat for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). Early detection of measurable residual disease (MRD) would enable preemptive treatment and potentially reduced relapse risk. METHODS Patients with MDS planned for HSCT were enrolled in a prospective, observational study evaluating the association between MRD and clinical outcome. We collected bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood samples until relapse, death, or end of study 24 months after HSCT. Patient-specific mutations were identified with targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel and traced using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR). RESULTS Of 266 included patients, estimated relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) rates 3 years after HSCT were 59% and 64%, respectively. MRD results were available for 221 patients. Relapse was preceded by positive BM MRD in 42/44 relapses with complete MRD data, by a median of 71 (23-283) days. Of 137 patients in continuous complete remission, 93 were consistently MRD-negative, 39 reverted from MRD+ to MRD-, and five were MRD+ at last sampling. Estimated 1 year-RFS after first positive MRD was 49%, 39%, and 30%, using cutoff levels of 0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%, respectively. In a multivariate Cox model, MRD (hazard ratio [HR], 7.99), WHO subgroup AML (HR, 4.87), TP53 multi-hit (HR, 2.38), NRAS (HR, 3.55), and acute GVHD grade III-IV (HR, 4.13) were associated with shorter RFS. MRD+ was also independently associated with shorter OS (HR, 2.65). In a subgroup analysis of 100 MRD+ patients, presence of chronic GVHD was associated with longer RFS (HR, 0.32). CONCLUSION Assessment of individualized MRD using NGS + ddPCR is feasible and can be used for early detection of relapse. Positive MRD is associated with shorter RFS and OS (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02872662).
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Tobiasson
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Centre for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tatjana Pandzic
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Johanna Illman
- Division of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars Nilsson
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Lund, Sweden
| | - Simone Weström
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Ejerblad
- Unit of Haematology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gitte Olesen
- Department of Hematology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Andreas Björklund
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Astrid Olsnes Kittang
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olle Werlenius
- Section of Hematology and Coagulation, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fryderyk Lorentz
- Department of Hematology, Norrlands University Hospital, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bengt Rasmussen
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jörg Cammenga
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Lund, Sweden
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Duruta Weber
- Department of Hematology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Carolin Lindholm
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Centre for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joel Wiggh
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Centre for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marios Dimitriou
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Centre for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann Elin Moen
- Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laimei Yip Lundström
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lena von Bahr
- Section of Hematology and Coagulation, Department of Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Baltzer-Sollander
- Department of Genetics, HUS Diagnostic Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Jädersten
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Centre for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Soili Kytölä
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunilla Walldin
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Centre for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Ljungman
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kirsten Groenbaek
- Department of Hematology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stephan Mielke
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Insititutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sten Eirik W Jacobsen
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Centre for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Freja Ebeling
- Division of Hematology, Helsinki University Hospital, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lucia Cavelier
- Department of Genetics, HUS Diagnostic Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Ingunn Dybedal
- Department of Hematology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Hellström-Lindberg
- Department of Hematology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Centre for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine (HERM), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Gagelmann N, Wolschke C, Badbaran A, Janson D, Berger C, Klyuchnikov E, Ayuk F, Fehse B, Kröger N. Donor Lymphocyte Infusion and Molecular Monitoring for Relapsed Myelofibrosis After Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Hemasphere 2023; 7:e921. [PMID: 37404772 PMCID: PMC10317484 DOI: 10.1097/hs9.0000000000000921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a curative approach for myelofibrosis patients, but relapse is a major cause of treatment failure. We investigated the effect of donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in 37 patients with molecular (n = 17) or hematological relapse (n = 20) after HCT. Patients received median of 2 (range, 1-5) cumulative DLI (total of 91 infusions). Median starting dose was 1 × 106 cells/kg, escalated by half-log ≥6 weeks if no response nor graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) occurred. Median time to first DLI was 40 weeks for molecular relapse versus 145 weeks for hematological relapse. Overall molecular complete response (mCR) at any time was 73% (n = 27) and was significantly higher for initial molecular relapse (88%) versus hematological relapse (60%; P = 0.05). The 6-year overall survival was 77% versus 32% (P = 0.03). Acute GvHD 2-4 occurred in 22% and half of the patients achieved mCR without any GvHD. All patients who relapsed from mCR achieved after first DLI could be salvaged with subsequent DLI, showing long-term survival. No second HCT was needed for molecular relapse versus 6 for hematological relapse. This comprehensive and largest study to date suggests molecular monitoring together with DLI as standard of care and a crucial approach to achieve excellent outcomes in relapsed myelofibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nico Gagelmann
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christine Wolschke
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anita Badbaran
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dietlinde Janson
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carolina Berger
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Evgeny Klyuchnikov
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Francis Ayuk
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Boris Fehse
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nicolaus Kröger
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Pastor-Galán I, Martín I, Ferrer B, Hernández-Boluda JC. Impact of molecular profiling on the management of patients with myelofibrosis. Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 109:102435. [PMID: 35839532 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Myelofibrosis (MF) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) characterized by a highly heterogeneous clinical course, which can be complicated by severe constitutional symptoms, massive splenomegaly, progressive bone marrow failure, cardiovascular events, and development of acute leukemia. Constitutive signaling through the JAK-STAT pathway plays a fundamental role in its pathogenesis, generally due to activating mutations of JAK2, CALR and MPL genes (i.e., the MPN driver mutations), present in most MF patients. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) panel testing has shown that additional somatic mutations can already be detected at the time of diagnosis in more than half of patients, and that they accumulate along the disease course. These mutations, mostly affecting epigenetic modifiers or spliceosome components, may cooperate with MPN drivers to favor clonal dominance or influence the clinical phenotype, and some, such as high molecular risk mutations, correlate with a more aggressive clinical course with poor treatment response. The current main role of molecular profiling in clinical practice is prognostication, principally for selecting high-risk patients who may be candidates for transplantation, the only curative treatment for MF to date. To this end, contemporary prognostic models incorporating molecular data are useful tools to discriminate different risk categories. Aside from certain clinical situations, decisions regarding medical treatment are not based on patient molecular profiling, yet this approach may become more relevant in novel treatment strategies, such as the use of vaccines against the mutant forms of JAK2 or CALR, or drugs directed against actionable molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Iván Martín
- Hospital Clínico Universitario-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
| | - Blanca Ferrer
- Hospital Clínico Universitario-INCLIVA, Valencia, Spain
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