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Ntostoglou K, Theodorou SDP, Proctor T, Nikas IP, Awounvo S, Sepsa A, Georgoulias V, Ryu HS, Pateras IS, Kittas C. Distinct profiles of proliferating CD8+/TCF1+ T cells and CD163+/PD-L1+ macrophages predict risk of relapse differently among treatment-naïve breast cancer subtypes. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2024; 73:46. [PMID: 38349444 PMCID: PMC10864422 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-024-03630-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Immunophenotypic analysis of breast cancer microenvironment is gaining attraction as a clinical tool improving breast cancer patient stratification. The aim of this study is to evaluate proliferating CD8 + including CD8 + TCF1 + Τ cells along with PD-L1 expressing tissue-associated macrophages among different breast cancer subtypes. A well-characterized cohort of 791 treatment-naïve breast cancer patients was included. The analysis demonstrated a distinct expression pattern among breast cancer subtypes characterized by increased CD8 + , CD163 + and CD163 + PD-L1 + cells along with high PD-L1 status and decreased fraction of CD8 + Ki67 + T cells in triple negative (TNBC) and HER2 + compared to luminal tumors. Kaplan-Meier and Cox univariate survival analysis revealed that breast cancer patients with high CD8 + , CD8 + Ki67 + , CD8 + TCF1 + cells, PD-L1 score and CD163 + PD-L1 + cells are likely to have a prolonged relapse free survival, while patients with high CD163 + cells have a worse prognosis. A differential impact of high CD8 + , CD8 + Ki67 + , CD8 + TCF1 + T cells, CD163 + PD-L1 + macrophages and PD-L1 status on prognosis was identified among the various breast cancer subtypes since only TNBC patients experience an improved prognosis compared to patients with luminal A tumors. Conversely, high infiltration by CD163 + cells is associated with worse prognosis only in patients with luminal A but not in TNBC tumors. Multivariate Cox regression analysis in TNBC patients revealed that increased CD8 + [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.542; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.309-0.950; p = 0.032), CD8 + TCF1 + (HR = 0.280; 95% CI 0.101-0.779; p = 0.015), CD163 + PD-L1 + (HR: 0.312; 95% CI 0.112-0.870; p = 0.026) cells along with PD-L1 status employing two different scoring methods (HR: 0.362; 95% CI 0.162-0.812; p = 0.014 and HR: 0.395; 95% CI 0.176-0.884; p = 0.024) were independently linked with a lower relapse rate. Multivariate analysis in Luminal type A patients revealed that increased CD163 + was independently associated with a higher relapse rate (HR = 2.360; 95% CI 1.077-5.170; p = 0.032). This study demonstrates that the evaluation of the functional status of CD8 + T cells in combination with the analysis of immunosuppressive elements could provide clinically relevant information in different breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Ntostoglou
- Department of Histopathology, Biomedicine Group of Health Company, 15626, Athens, Greece
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia D P Theodorou
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Tanja Proctor
- Institute of Medical Biometry, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ilias P Nikas
- Medical School, University of Cyprus, 2029, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Sinclair Awounvo
- Institute of Medical Biometry, University of Heidelberg, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Athanasia Sepsa
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Metropolitan Hospital, 9 Ethnarchou Makariou & 1 E. Venizelou Street, Neo Faliro, 18547, Piraeus, Greece
| | | | - Han Suk Ryu
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, 03080, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Medical School, "Attikon" University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62, Athens, Greece.
| | - Christos Kittas
- Department of Histopathology, Biomedicine Group of Health Company, 15626, Athens, Greece
- Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527, Goudi, Athens, Greece
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Koumprentziotis IA, Theocharopoulos C, Foteinou D, Angeli E, Anastasopoulou A, Gogas H, Ziogas DC. New Emerging Targets in Cancer Immunotherapy: The Role of B7-H3. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:54. [PMID: 38250867 PMCID: PMC10820813 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoints (ICs) are molecules implicated in the fine-tuning of immune response via co-inhibitory or co-stimulatory signals, and serve to secure minimized host damage. Targeting ICs with various therapeutic modalities, including checkpoint inhibitors/monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), and CAR-T cells has produced remarkable results, especially in immunogenic tumors, setting a paradigm shift in cancer therapeutics through the incorporation of these IC-targeted treatments. However, the large proportion of subjects who experience primary or secondary resistance to available IC-targeted options necessitates further advancements that render immunotherapy beneficial for a larger patient pool with longer duration of response. B7-H3 (B7 Homolog 3 Protein, CD276) is a member of the B7 family of IC proteins that exerts pleiotropic immunomodulatory effects both in physiologic and pathologic contexts. Mounting evidence has demonstrated an aberrant expression of B7-H3 in various solid malignancies, including tumors less sensitive to current immunotherapeutic options, and has associated its expression with advanced disease, worse patient survival and impaired response to IC-based regimens. Anti-B7-H3 agents, including novel mAbs, bispecific antibodies, ADCs, CAR-T cells, and radioimmunotherapy agents, have exhibited encouraging antitumor activity in preclinical models and have recently entered clinical testing for several cancer types. In the present review, we concisely present the functional implications of B7-H3 and discuss the latest evidence regarding its prognostic significance and therapeutic potential in solid malignancies, with emphasis on anti-B7-H3 modalities that are currently evaluated in clinical trial settings. Better understanding of B7-H3 intricate interactions in the tumor microenvironment will expand the oncological utility of anti-B7-H3 agents and further shape their role in cancer therapeutics.
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Choi JE, Lee JS, Jin MS, Nikas IP, Kim K, Yang S, Park SY, Koh J, Yang S, Im SA, Ryu HS. The prognostic value of a combined immune score in tumor and immune cells assessed by immunohistochemistry in triple-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2023; 25:134. [PMID: 37924153 PMCID: PMC10625207 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01710-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to develop a novel combined immune score (CIS)-based model assessing prognosis in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS The expression of eight immune markers (PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, IDO, TIM3, OX40, OX40L, and H7-H2) was assessed with immunohistochemistry on the tumor cells (TCs) and immune cells (ICs) of 227 TNBC cases, respectively, and subsequently associated with selected clinicopathological parameters and survival. Data retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were further examined to validate our findings. RESULTS All immune markers were often expressed in TCs and ICs, except for PD-1 which was not expressed in TCs. In ICs, the expression of all immune markers was positively correlated between one another, except between PD-L1 and OX40, also TIM3 and OX40. In ICs, PD-1, PD-L1, and OX40L positive expression was associated with a longer progression-free survival (PFS; p = 0.040, p = 0.020, and p = 0.020, respectively). In TCs, OX40 positive expression was associated with a shorter PFS (p = 0.025). Subsequently, the TNBC patients were classified into high and low combined immune score groups (CIS-H and CIS-L), based on the expression levels of a selection of biomarkers in TCs (TCIS-H or TCIS-L) and ICs (ICIS-H or ICIS-L). The TCIS-H group was significantly associated with a longer PFS (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the ICIS-H group was additionally associated with a longer PFS (p < 0.001) and overall survival (OS; p = 0.001), at significant levels. In the multivariate analysis, both TCIS-H and ICIS-H groups were identified as independent predictors of favorable PFS (p = 0.012 and p = 0.001, respectively). ICIS-H was also shown to be an independent predictor of favorable OS (p = 0.003). The analysis of the mRNA expression data from TCGA also validated our findings regarding TNBC. CONCLUSION Our novel TCIS and ICIS exhibited a significant prognostic value in TNBC. Additional research would be needed to strengthen our findings and identify the most efficient prognostic and predictive biomarkers for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Choi
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, Sejong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seok Lee
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sun Jin
- Department of Pathology, Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Bucheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilias P Nikas
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Kwangsoo Kim
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunah Yang
- Transdisciplinary Department of Medicine and Advanced Technology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Young Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Koh
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Yang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Han Suk Ryu
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Pharmonoid Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Valente S, Nascimento C, Gameiro A, Ferreira J, Correia J, Ferreira F. TIM-3 Is a Potential Immune Checkpoint Target in Cats with Mammary Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15020384. [PMID: 36672332 PMCID: PMC9856819 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15020384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent findings in human breast cancer (HBC) indicate that T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing molecule-3 (TIM-3)-targeted therapies may effectively activate anticancer immune responses. Although feline mammary carcinoma (FMC) is a valuable cancer model, no studies on TIM-3 have been developed in this species. Thus, we evaluated the expression of TIM-3 by immunohistochemistry in total (t), stromal (s), and intra-tumoral (i) tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and in cancer cells, of 48 cats with mammary carcinoma. In parallel, serum TIM-3 levels were quantified using ELISA and the presence of somatic mutations in the TIM-3 gene was evaluated in 19 tumor samples. sTILs-TIM3+ were more frequent than iTILs-TIM-3+, with the TIM-3 ex-pression in sTILs and cancer cells being associated with more aggressive clinicopathological features. In contrast, the TIM-3 expression in iTILs and tTILs was associated with a more benign clinical course. Moreover, the serum TIM-3 levels were lower in animals with FMC when compared to healthy animals (p < 0.001). Only one somatic mutation was found in the TIM-3 gene, at intron 2, in one tumor sample. Altogether, our results suggest that the expression of TIM-3 among TILs subpopulations and cancer cells may influence the clinical outcome of cats with FMC, in line with the previous reports in HBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Valente
- CIISA—Center of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Catarina Nascimento
- CIISA—Center of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Andreia Gameiro
- CIISA—Center of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Ferreira
- iMM João Lobo Antunes, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Correia
- CIISA—Center of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernando Ferreira
- CIISA—Center of Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, Avenida da Universidade Técnica, 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +(351)-21-365-2800 (ext. 431234)
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Davis EJ, Martin-Liberal J, Kristeleit R, Cho DC, Blagden SP, Berthold D, Cardin DB, Vieito M, Miller RE, Hari Dass P, Orcurto A, Spencer K, Janik JE, Clark J, Condamine T, Pulini J, Chen X, Mehnert JM. First-in-human phase I/II, open-label study of the anti-OX40 agonist INCAGN01949 in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-004235. [PMID: 36316061 PMCID: PMC9628691 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OX40 is a costimulatory receptor upregulated on antigen-activated T cells and constitutively expressed on regulatory T cells (Tregs). INCAGN01949, a fully human immunoglobulin G1κ anti-OX40 agonist monoclonal antibody, was designed to promote tumor-specific immunity by effector T-cell activation and Fcγ receptor-mediated Treg depletion. This first-in-human study was conducted to determine the safety, tolerability, and preliminary efficacy of INCAGN01949. METHODS Phase I/II, open-label, non-randomized, dose-escalation and dose-expansion study conducted in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors. Patients received INCAGN01949 monotherapy (7-1400 mg) in 14-day cycles while deriving benefit. Safety measures, clinical activity, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamic effects were assessed and summarized with descriptive statistics. RESULTS Eighty-seven patients were enrolled; most common tumor types were colorectal (17.2%), ovarian (8.0%), and non-small cell lung (6.9%) cancers. Patients received a median three (range 1-9) prior therapies, including immunotherapy in 24 patients (27.6%). Maximum tolerated dose was not reached; one patient (1.1%) receiving 350 mg dose reported dose-limiting toxicity of grade 3 colitis. Treatment-related adverse events were reported in 45 patients (51.7%), with fatigue (16 (18.4%)), rash (6 (6.9%)), and diarrhea (6 (6.9%)) being most frequent. One patient (1.1%) with metastatic gallbladder cancer achieved a partial response (duration of 6.3 months), and 23 patients (26.4%) achieved stable disease (lasting >6 months in one patient). OX40 receptor occupancy was maintained over 90% among all patients receiving doses of ≥200 mg, while no treatment-emergent antidrug antibodies were detected across all dose levels. Pharmacodynamic results demonstrated that treatment with INCAGN01949 did not enhance proliferation or activation of T cells in peripheral blood or reduce circulating Tregs, and analyses of tumor biopsies did not demonstrate any consistent increase in effector T-cell infiltration or function, or decrease in infiltrating Tregs. CONCLUSION No safety concerns were observed with INCAGN01949 monotherapy in patients with metastatic or advanced solid tumors. However, tumor responses and pharmacodynamic effects on T cells in peripheral blood and post-therapy tumor biopsies were limited. Studies evaluating INCAGN01949 in combination with other therapies are needed to further evaluate the potential of OX40 agonism as a therapeutic approach in patients with advanced solid tumors. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02923349.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel C Cho
- Perlmutter Cancer Center, NYU Langone Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Dominik Berthold
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Dana B Cardin
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Maria Vieito
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Prashanth Hari Dass
- Early Phase Clinical Trials Unit, Churchill Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Angela Orcurto
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Jason Clark
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | | | | | - Xuejun Chen
- Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
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Kim NI, Park MH, Cho N, Lee JS. Comparison of the Clinicopathologic Features and T-Cell Infiltration of B7-H3 and B7-H4 Expression in Triple-negative Breast Cancer Subtypes. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2022; 30:246-256. [PMID: 35384874 PMCID: PMC8989634 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000001001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Previously we revealed an upregulated expression of B7-H3 and B7-H4 mRNA and protein in breast cancer, including triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, little is known regarding the clinical impact and value of B7-H3 and B7-H4 in TNBC subtypes. Thus, this study evaluated the clinicopathologic effects of B7-H3 and B7-H4 mRNA and protein expression according to the TNBC subtypes. RNAscope in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry of B7-H3 and B7-H4 was done for 186 TNBC samples using tissue microarray. Immunohistochemistry was also performed for TNBC molecular subtype-surrogate markers, CD3, and CD8. TNBCs were classified into basal-like (BL) (64.5%), luminal androgen receptor (10.8%), and unclassifiable (24.7%) subtypes. Tumor B7-H4 mRNA expression was associated with younger age at the initial diagnosis and with molecular TNBC subtypes. Expression of B7-H3 mRNA and protein in the tumor cells was negatively correlated with CD3+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration density in the tumor and/or stromal region of TNBCs and their subtypes. High stromal B7-H3 mRNA expression was associated with poor disease-free and overall survival in the TNBCs and with overall survival in the unclassifiable subtype. Stromal B7-H3 mRNA expression was independently associated with overall survival and disease-free survival in the TNBCs and BL subtype, respectively. Our results indicate the importance of the stromal expression of B7-H3 mRNA as a prognostic factor in the TNBCs and BL subtype. The inverse relationship between B7-H3 expression and CD3+ and CD8+ T-lymphocyte infiltration represents a promising target for immunotherapy for the TNBCs, especially the BL subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Min Ho Park
- Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School
| | - NamKi Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
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Prognostic Role of PD-L1 Expression in Invasive Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236090. [PMID: 34885199 PMCID: PMC8656531 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The role of PD-L1 expression in breast cancer remains controversial. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association of PD-L1 expression with clinicopathological variables, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) in invasive breast cancer. PD-L1 expression was associated with age ≥ 50 years, lymph node status-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, Ki67 ≥ 20%, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative. PD-L1 positivity was associated with worse OS; however, there was no significant improvement in DFS. PD-L1 positivity was significantly associated with the clinicopathological characteristics of favorable and unfavorable prognoses. However, the final clinical outcome was associated with lower OS and had no significant association with DFS. Abstract Programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has been investigated in various types of cancer; however, the role of PD-L1 expression in breast cancer remains controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association of PD-L1 expression with clinicopathological variables, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS) in invasive breast cancer. A total of 965 articles were included from CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus databases. Of these, 22 studies encompassing 6468 cases of invasive breast cancer were included in the systematic review, and 15 articles were included in the meta-analysis. PD-L1 expression was associated with age ≥ 50 years, lymph node status-negative, progesterone receptor-negative, Ki67 ≥ 20%, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative. PD-L1 positivity was associated with worse OS (hazard ratio, HR, 2.39; 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.26–3.52; p =< 0.000); however, there was no significant improvement in DFS (HR 0.17; 95% CI −0.12–0.46; p =< 0.252). PD-L1 positivity was significantly associated with the clinicopathological characteristics of favorable and unfavorable prognoses. However, the final clinical outcome was associated with lower OS and had no significant association with DFS.
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Cong Y, Liu J, Chen G, Qiao G. The Emerging Role of T-Cell Immunoglobulin Mucin-3 in Breast Cancer: A Promising Target For Immunotherapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:723238. [PMID: 34504800 PMCID: PMC8421567 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.723238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment through immune checkpoint receptor blockade has made significant advances in the recent years. However, resistance to the current immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has been observed in many patients, who consequently do not respond to these treatments. T-cell immunoglobulin mucin-3 (Tim-3) is a novel immune checkpoint molecule emerging as a potential therapeutic target for cancer immunotherapy. Epidemiologic findings reveal that genetic polymorphisms in the Tim-3 gene are associated with increased susceptibility to breast cancer. In patients with breast cancer, Tim-3 is expressed both on immune and tumor cells. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that Tim-3 can notably affect breast cancer treatment outcome and prognosis. Therefore, Tim-3 is being regarded as a high-potential target for improving breast cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize the role of Tim-3 in breast cancer and the regulation mechanisms of Tim-3 to furnish evidences for future research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizi Cong
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Guangdong Qiao
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
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9
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Davey MG, Ryan ÉJ, Davey MS, Lowery AJ, Miller N, Kerin MJ. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of programmed cell death ligand 1 expression in patients diagnosed with breast cancer: meta-analysis. Br J Surg 2021; 108:622-631. [PMID: 33963374 PMCID: PMC10364926 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Uncertainty exists regarding the clinical relevance of programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in breast cancer. METHODS A systematic review was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Observational studies that compared high versus low expression of PD-L1 on breast cancer cells were identified. Log hazard ratios (HRs) for disease-free and overall survival and their standard errors were calculated from Kaplan-Meier curves or Cox regression analyses, and pooled using the inverse-variance method. Dichotomous variables were pooled as odds ratios (ORs) using the Mantel-Haenszel method. RESULTS Sixty-five studies with 19 870 patients were included; 14 404 patients were classified as having low and 4975 high PD-L1 expression. High PD-L1 was associated with achieving a pathological complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR 3.30, 95 per cent confidence interval 1.19 to 9.16; P < 0.01; I2 = 85 per cent). Low PD-L1 expression was associated with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (OR 3.98, 1.81 to 8.75; P < 0.001; I2 = 96 per cent) and luminal (OR 14.93, 6.46 to 34.51; P < 0.001; I2 = 99 per cent) breast cancer subtypes. Those with low PD-L1 had favourable overall survival rates (HR 1.30, 1.05 to 1.61; P = 0.02; I2 = 85 per cent). CONCLUSION Breast cancers with high PD-L1 expression are associated with aggressive clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics and are more likely to achieve a pathological complete response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. These breast cancers are, however, associated with worse overall survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Davey
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - É J Ryan
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - M S Davey
- Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A J Lowery
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - N Miller
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - M J Kerin
- Lambe Institute for Translational Research, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
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10
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Bonneau C, Eliès A, Kieffer Y, Bourachot B, Ladoire S, Pelon F, Hequet D, Guinebretière JM, Blanchet C, Vincent-Salomon A, Rouzier R, Mechta-Grigoriou F. A subset of activated fibroblasts is associated with distant relapse in early luminal breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:76. [PMID: 32665033 PMCID: PMC7362513 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early luminal breast cancer (BC) represents 70% of newly diagnosed BC cases. Among them, small (under 2 cm) BC without lymph node metastasis (classified as T1N0) have been rarely studied, as their prognosis is generally favorable. Nevertheless, up to 5% of luminal T1N0 BC patients relapse with distant metastases that ultimately prove fatal. The aim of our work was to identify the mechanisms involved in metastatic recurrence in these patients. Methods Our study addresses the role that autonomous and non-autonomous tumor cell features play with regard to distant recurrence in early luminal BC patients. We created a cohort of T1N0 luminal BC patients (tumors between 0.5–2 cm without lymph node metastasis) with metastatic recurrence (“cases”) and corresponding “controls” (without relapse) matched 1:1 on main prognostic factors: age, grade, and proliferation. We deciphered different characteristics of cancer cells and their tumor micro-environment (TME) by deep analyses using immunohistochemistry. We performed in vitro functional assays and highlighted a new mechanism of cooperation between cancer cells and one particular subset of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Results We found that specific TME features are indicative of relapse in early luminal BC. Indeed, quantitative histological analyses reveal that “cases” are characterized by significant accumulation of a particular CAF subset (CAF-S1) and decrease in CD4+ T lymphocytes, without any other association with immune cells. In multivariate analysis, TME features, in particular CAF-S1 enrichment, remain significantly associated with recurrence, thereby demonstrating their clinical relevance. Finally, by performing functional analyses, we demonstrated that CAF-S1 pro-metastatic activity is mediated by the CDH11/osteoblast cadherin, consistent with bones being a major site of metastases in luminal BC patients. Conclusions This study shows that distant recurrence in T1N0 BC is strongly associated with the presence of CAF-S1 fibroblasts. Moreover, we identify CDH11 as a key player in CAF-S1-mediated pro-metastatic activity. This is independent of tumor cells and represents a new prognostic factor. These results could assist clinicians in identifying luminal BC patients with high risk of relapse. Targeted therapies against CAF-S1 using anti-FAP antibody or CDH11-targeting compounds might help in preventing relapse for such patients with activated stroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bonneau
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Department of Surgery, Institut Curie Hospital Group, 35 rue Dailly, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Antoine Eliès
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Department of Surgery, Institut Curie Hospital Group, 35 rue Dailly, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Yann Kieffer
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Brigitte Bourachot
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Ladoire
- Inserm U1231, Chemotherapy and immune response, Center Georges François Leclerc, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Floriane Pelon
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.,Inserm U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Hequet
- Department of Surgery, Institut Curie Hospital Group, 35 rue Dailly, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Jean-Marc Guinebretière
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie Hospital Group, 35 rue Dailly, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Christophe Blanchet
- Inserm U1231, Chemotherapy and immune response, Center Georges François Leclerc, 1 rue du Professeur Marion, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie Hospital Group, 26, rue d'Ulm, 75248, Paris, France
| | - Roman Rouzier
- Department of Surgery, Institut Curie Hospital Group, 35 rue Dailly, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France.,Inserm U900, Cancer et génome : bioinformatique, biostatistiques et épidémiologie, Institut Curie, 35 rue Dailly, 92210, Saint-Cloud, France.,UR 7285, Risques cliniques et sécurité en santé des femmes et en santé périnatale, Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines University, 2 avenue de la source de la Bièvre, 78180 Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France
| | - Fatima Mechta-Grigoriou
- Stress and Cancer Laboratory, Equipe labelisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France. .,Inserm U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, 26, rue d'Ulm, F-75005, Paris, France.
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Yang Q, Zhao Y, Chen Y, Chang Y, Huang A, Xu T, Li G, Wu G. PAK6 promotes cervical cancer progression through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:2387-2395. [PMID: 32782556 PMCID: PMC7400107 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p21-activated kinase 6 (PAK6), a member of the serine/threonine kinase family, has been reported to be involved in numerous types of cancers. The present study aimed to investigate the role of PAK6 in cervical cancer. In the present study, PAK6 expression was evaluated in tissue microarrays and cell lines by using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The mRNA level of PAK6 was evaluated by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling-related protein expression was detected by western blotting following short hairpin (sh)RNA-mediated PAK6 knockdown or PAK6 overexpression. Cell proliferation was determined using Cell Countink Kit-8. Migration, invasion and colony formation were further assessed following PAK6 knockdown or overexpression. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and fluorescence colocalization microscopy were used to detect the interaction between PAK6 and GSK3β. The results from tissue microarray revealed that the expression levels of PAK6 in cervical cancer tissues were upregulated. The downregulation of PAK6 expression levels using shRNA not only decreased cell growth and proliferation, but it also inhibited the migration and invasion of HeLa cells. Conversely, the overexpression of PAK6 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of HeLa cells. In addition, the expression levels of proteins involved in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway were modified in the PAK6 knockdown group, including downregulation of GSK3β phosphorylation and Cyclin D1 protein, and upregulation of β-catenin phosphorylation and E-cadherin. In contrast, following the overexpression of PAK6, the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was activated. Further investigation using fluorescence microscopy and Co-IP assays indicated that PAK6 may interact with GSK3β. In conclusion, the findings of the present study suggested that PAK6 may serve a role in promoting cervical cancer through activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yingchao Zhao
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yeshan Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Ai Huang
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Tie Xu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Guiling Li
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
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Lu Y, Zhou X, Liu Z, Wang B, Wang W, Fu W. Assessment for Risk Status of Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Novel Prediction Model Based on Immune-Related Genes. DNA Cell Biol 2020; 39:958-964. [PMID: 32243216 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2019.5195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) leads to different strategies in clinical decision making. Identifying distinctive subgroups in patients contributes to develop more individualized treatments. This study constructed a novel prediction model for the prognosis of CRC patients based on the value of risk score combining the expression status of immune-related genes and coefficients. In this study, we built an interactive network of prognosis-related immune genes and transcription factors and adopted several methods to verify the accuracy of model. Moreover, we assessed the correlation between risk score and immune infiltration. The results suggested that the model was well fit and the risk score could be an independent predictive factor for CRC patients. This model has high application value in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqu Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bingyan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wendong Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Site- and structure-specific quantitative N-glycoproteomics study of differential N-glycosylation in MCF-7 cancer cells. J Proteomics 2020; 212:103594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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