1
|
Perez RE, Eckerdt F, Platanias LC. Schlafens: Emerging Therapeutic Targets. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1805. [PMID: 38791884 PMCID: PMC11119473 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16101805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The interferon (IFN) family of immunomodulatory cytokines has been a focus of cancer research for over 50 years with direct and indirect implications in cancer therapy due to their properties to inhibit malignant cell proliferation and modulate immune responses. Among the transcriptional targets of the IFNs is a family of genes referred to as Schlafens. The products of these genes, Schlafen proteins, exert important roles in modulating cellular proliferation, differentiation, immune responses, viral replication, and chemosensitivity of malignant cells. Studies have demonstrated that abnormal expression of various Schlafens contributes to the pathophysiology of various cancers. Schlafens are now emerging as promising biomarkers and potentially attractive targets for drug development in cancer research. Here, we highlight research suggesting the use of Schlafens as cancer biomarkers and the rationale for the development of specific drugs targeting Schlafen proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo E. Perez
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (R.E.P.); (F.E.)
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Frank Eckerdt
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (R.E.P.); (F.E.)
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Leonidas C. Platanias
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (R.E.P.); (F.E.)
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Medicine, Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen G, Gu L, Liu Y, Du J, Qi Q, Miao Q, Wu J, Miao Y, Li Y. Topology-regulated nanocatalysts for ferroptosis-mediated cancer phototherapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 656:320-331. [PMID: 37995402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.11.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis-mediated tumor treatment is constrained by the absence of single-component, activatable multifunctional inducers. Given this, a topological synthesis strategy is employed to develop an efficient bismuth-based semiconductor nano-photocatalyst (Bi2O3:S) for tumor ferroptosis therapy. Photo-excited electrons can participate in the reduction reaction to produce harmful reactive oxygen species (ROS) when exposed to near-infrared light. Meanwhile, photo-excited holes can contribute to the oxidation reaction to utilize extra glutathione (GSH) in tumors. In the acidic tumor microenvironment, bismuth ions generated from Bi2O3:S may further cooperate with GSH to amplify oxidative stress damage and achieve biodegradation. Both promote ferroptosis by downregulating glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression. Besides, sulfur doping optimizes its near-infrared light-induced photothermal conversion efficiency, benefiting its therapeutic effect. Thus, bismuth ions and holes synergistically drive photo-activable ferroptosis in this nanoplatform, opening up new avenues for tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guobo Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China; School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Liping Gu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yongtian Liu
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Jun Du
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Qingwen Qi
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Qing Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Jingxiang Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.
| | - Yuqing Miao
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yuhao Li
- School of Materials and Chemistry, Institute of Bismuth, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Energy Therapy for Tumors, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tu T, Yuan Y, Liu X, Liang X, Yang X, Yang Y. Progress in investigating the relationship between Schlafen5 genes and malignant tumors. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1248825. [PMID: 37771431 PMCID: PMC10523568 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1248825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The Schlafen5(SLFN5)gene belongs to the third group of the Schlafen protein family. As a tumor suppressor gene, SLFN5 plays a pivotal role in inhibiting tumor growth, orchestrating cell cycle regulation, and modulating the extent of cancer cell infiltration and metastasis in various malignancies. However, the high expression of SLFN 5 in some tumors was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis, tumor stage, and tumor grade. This article endeavors to elucidate the reciprocal relationship between the SLFN5 gene and malignant tumors, thereby enhancing our comprehension of the intricate mechanisms underlying the SLFN5 gene and its implications for the progression, invasive potential, and metastatic behavior of malignant tumors. At the same time, this paper summarizes the basis of SLFN 5 as a new biomarker of tumor diagnosis and prognosis, and provides new ideas for the target treatment of tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Tu
- School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoxue Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Liang
- Beidahuang Industry Group General Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaofan Yang
- The 1st Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Mudanjiang Medical College, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Huang J, Wu C, Kloeber JA, Gao H, Gao M, Zhu Q, Chang Y, Zhao F, Guo G, Luo K, Dai H, Liu S, Huang Q, Kim W, Zhou Q, Zhu S, Wu Z, Tu X, Yin P, Deng M, Wang L, Yuan J, Lou Z. SLFN5-mediated chromatin dynamics sculpt higher-order DNA repair topology. Mol Cell 2023; 83:1043-1060.e10. [PMID: 36854302 PMCID: PMC10467573 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
Repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) elicits three-dimensional (3D) chromatin topological changes. A recent finding reveals that 53BP1 assembles into a 3D chromatin topology pattern around DSBs. How this formation of a higher-order structure is configured and regulated remains enigmatic. Here, we report that SLFN5 is a critical factor for 53BP1 topological arrangement at DSBs. Using super-resolution imaging, we find that SLFN5 binds to 53BP1 chromatin domains to assemble a higher-order microdomain architecture by driving damaged chromatin dynamics at both DSBs and deprotected telomeres. Mechanistically, we propose that 53BP1 topology is shaped by two processes: (1) chromatin mobility driven by the SLFN5-LINC-microtubule axis and (2) the assembly of 53BP1 oligomers mediated by SLFN5. In mammals, SLFN5 deficiency disrupts the DSB repair topology and impairs non-homologous end joining, telomere fusions, class switch recombination, and sensitivity to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor. We establish a molecular mechanism that shapes higher-order chromatin topologies to safeguard genomic stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhou Huang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Chenming Wu
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Huanyao Gao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ming Gao
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yiming Chang
- Jinzhou Medical University, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai 200120, China
| | - Fei Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Guijie Guo
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Kuntian Luo
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Haiming Dai
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Qiru Huang
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Wootae Kim
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shouhai Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Zheming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xinyi Tu
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ping Yin
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Min Deng
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias of the Ministry of Education of China, Research Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Zhenkun Lou
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bianchi L, Damiani I, Castiglioni S, Carleo A, De Salvo R, Rossi C, Corsini A, Bellosta S. Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Switch Induced by Traditional Cigarette Smoke Condensate: A Holistic Overview. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076431. [PMID: 37047404 PMCID: PMC10094728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) is a risk factor for inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. CS condensate (CSC) contains lipophilic components that may represent a systemic cardiac risk factor. To better understand CSC effects, we incubated mouse and human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with CSC. We evaluated specific markers for contractile [i.e., actin, aortic smooth muscle (ACTA2), calponin-1 (CNN1), the Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), and myocardin (MYOCD) genes] and inflammatory [i.e., IL-1β, and IL-6, IL-8, and galectin-3 (LGALS-3) genes] phenotypes. CSC increased the expression of inflammatory markers and reduced the contractile ones in both cell types, with KLF4 modulating the SMC phenotypic switch. Next, we performed a mass spectrometry-based differential proteomic approach on human SMCs and could show 11 proteins were significantly affected by exposition to CSC (FC ≥ 2.7, p ≤ 0.05). These proteins are active in signaling pathways related to expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and IFN, inflammasome assembly and activation, cytoskeleton regulation and SMC contraction, mitochondrial integrity and cellular response to oxidative stress, proteostasis control via ubiquitination, and cell proliferation and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Through specific bioinformatics resources, we showed their tight functional correlation in a close interaction niche mainly orchestrated by the interferon-induced double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (alternative name: protein kinase RNA-activated; PKR) (EIF2AK2/PKR). Finally, by combining gene expression and protein abundance data we obtained a hybrid network showing reciprocal integration of the CSC-deregulated factors and indicating KLF4 and PKR as the most relevant factors.
Collapse
|
6
|
SLFN5 promotes reversible epithelial and mesenchymal transformation in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2023; 16:33. [PMID: 36747204 PMCID: PMC9901157 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01103-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a disease with increasing incidence worldwide, and there is an urgent need for chemotherapy and biological targeted therapy. Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) is an important initiation stage for tumor cells to acquire the ability to invade and metastasize. A growing number of findings suggest that human Schlafen family member 5(SLFN5) plays a key role in malignancy. However, the role of SLFN5 in ovarian cancer cells has not been fully elucidated. Samples were collected from patients with ovarian cancer diagnosed in Hangzhou First People's Hospital, and the expression of SLFN5 was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The relationship between SLFN5 expression and the progression and malignancy of ovarian cancer was analyzed by using the expression profile data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The mRNA expression levels of SLFN5 related upstream and downstream signaling pathways were studied by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Silencing SLFN5 was performed by siRNA transfection. The expression of SLFN5 and transfer-related proteins was examined by Western blot. Transwell and wound healing experiments investigated the migration and invasion ability of ovarian cancer cells. TCGA database analysis results showed that in the population with high SLFN5 expression, compared with the group with low SLFN5 expression, OS was worse (P = 0.011). SLFN5 silencing had a significant inhibitory effect on EMT and invasion movement of ovarian cancer cells. RT-PCR method was used to detect the mRNA changes of SLFN5 in ovarian cancer tissue and adjacent tissue. It was found that the expression of SLFN5 in ovarian cancer tissue was increased, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). Together, these results suggest that SLFN5 may play a synergistic role in tumorigenesis and development of ovarian cancer cells, providing a potential target for future drug development for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang Y, Ren ZZ, Wei WJ, He ZL, Deng YL, Wang Z, Fan YC, Zhou J, Jiang LH. Study on the biological mechanism of urolithin a on nasopharyngeal carcinoma in vitro. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1566-1577. [PMID: 35952389 PMCID: PMC9377270 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2106251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Urolithin A (UroA) can inhibit the growth of many human cancer cells, but it has not be reported if UroA inhibits nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. OBJECTIVE To explore the inhibitory effect of UroA on NPC and potential mechanism in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS RNA-sequencing-based mechanistic prediction was conducted by comparing KEGG enrichment of 40 μM UroA-treated for 24 h with untreated CNE2 cells. The untreated cells were selected as control. After NPC cells were treated with 20-60 μM UroA, proliferation, migration and invasion of were measured by colony formation, wound healing and transwell experiments. Apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by flow cytometry, Hoechst 33342, Rhodamine 123, JC-1 staining and ROS assay methods, respectively. Gene and protein expression were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blotting assay. RESULTS RNA-sequencing and KEGG enrichment revealed UroA mainly altered the ECM receptor interaction pathway. UroA inhibited cells proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal-transition pathway, migration and invasion with IC50 values of 34.72 μM and 44.91 μM, induced apoptosis, MMP depolarization and increase ROS content at a concentration of 40 μM. UroA up-regulated E-cadherin, Bax/Bcl-2, c-caspase-3 and PARP proteins, while inhibiting COL4A1, MMP2, MMP9, N-cadherin, Vimentin and Snail proteins at 20-60 μM. Moreover, co-treatment of UroA (40 μM) and NAC (5 mM) could reverse the effect of UroA on apoptosis-related proteins. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS RNA-sequencing technology based on bioinformatic analyses may be applicable for studiying the mechanism of drugs for tumour treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, PR China
| | - Zhen-Zhen Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, PR China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, PR China
| | - Wu-Jun Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, PR China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, PR China
| | - Zhi-Long He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, PR China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | - You-Lin Deng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, PR China
| | - Zhuan Wang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Yu-Chun Fan
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
| | - Li-He Jiang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, PR China
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Pathology (Army Medical University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xu J, Chen S, Liang J, Hao T, Wang H, Liu G, Jin X, Li H, Zhang J, Zhang C, He Y. Schlafen family is a prognostic biomarker and corresponds with immune infiltration in gastric cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:922138. [PMID: 36090985 PMCID: PMC9452737 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.922138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Schlafen (SLFN) gene family plays an important role in immune cell differentiation and immune regulation. Previous studies have found that the increased SLFN5 expression in patients with intestinal metaplasia correlates with gastric cancer (GC) progression. However, no investigation has been conducted on the SLFN family in GC. Therefore, we systematically explore the expression and prognostic value of SLFN family members in patients with GC, elucidating their possible biological function and its correlation with tumor immune cells infiltration. TCGA database results indicated that the SLFN5, SLFN11, SLFN12, SLFN12L, and SLFN13 expression was significantly higher in GC. The UALCAN and KM plotter databases indicated that enhanced the SLFN family expression was associated with lymph node metastasis, tumor stage, and tumor grade and predicted an adverse prognosis. cBioportal database revealed that the SLFN family had a high frequency of genetic alterations in GC (about 12%), including mutations and amplification. The GeneMANIA and STRING databases identified 20 interacting genes and 16 interacting proteins that act as potential targets of the SLFN family. SLFN5, SLFN11, SLFN12, SLFN12L, and SLFN14 may be implicated in the immunological response, according to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Additionally, Timer and TISIDB databases indicate that SLFN5, SLFN11, SLFN12, SLFN12L, and SLFN14 are involved in the immune response. Furthermore, Timer, TCGA, and TISIDB databases suggested that the SLFN5, SLFN11, SLFN12, SLFN12L, and SLFN14 expression in GC is highly linked with immune cell infiltration levels, immune checkpoint, and the many immune cell marker sets expression. We isolated three samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and activated T cells; the results showed the expression of SLFN family members decreased significantly when T cell active. In conclusion, the SLFN family of proteins may act as a prognostic indicator of GC and is associated with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint expression in GC. Additionally, it may be involved in tumor immune evasion by regulating T cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiannan Xu
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Songyao Chen
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianming Liang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tengfei Hao
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huabin Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guangyao Liu
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinghan Jin
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huan Li
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junchang Zhang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changhua Zhang
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Changhua Zhang, ; Yulong He,
| | - Yulong He
- Digestive Diseases Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Changhua Zhang, ; Yulong He,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Long Noncoding RNA MEG3 Retains Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition by Sponging miR-146b-5p to Regulate SLFN5 Expression in Breast Cancer Cells. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:1824166. [PMID: 36033389 PMCID: PMC9411926 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1824166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
More and more studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play essential roles in malignant tumors. The lncRNA MEG3 serves as a crucial molecule in breast cancer development, but the specific molecular mechanism needs to be further explored. We previously reported that Schlafen family member 5 (SLFN5) inhibits breast cancer malignant development by regulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and proliferation/apoptosis. Herein, we demonstrated that MEG3 was downregulated in pan-cancers and correlated with SLFN5 expression positively in breast cancer by bioinformatics analysis of TCGA and UCSC Xena data. Intervention with MEG3 positively affected SLFN5 expression in breast cancer cells. MEG3 repressed EMT and migration/invasion, similar to our previously reported functions of SLFN5 in breast cancer. Through bioinformatics analysis of starBase and LncBase data, 12 miRNAs were found to regulate both SLFN5 and MEG3, in which miR-146b-5p was confirmed to be regulated by MEG3 using MEG3 siRNA and overexpression method. MiR-146b-5p could bind to both SLFN5 3′UTR and MEG3, and inhibit their expression in a competing endogenous RNA mechanism, assayed by luciferase reporter and RNA pull down methods. Therefore, we conclude that MEG3 positively modulates SLFN5 expression by sponging miR-146b-5p and inhibits breast cancer development.
Collapse
|
10
|
Ding J, Wang S, Wang Z, Chen S, Zhao J, Solomon M, Liu Z, Guo F, Ma L, Wen J, Li X, Liang C, Cen S. Schlafen 5 suppresses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription by commandeering cellular epigenetic machinery. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:6137-6153. [PMID: 35687115 PMCID: PMC9226525 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Schlafen-5 (SLFN5) is an interferon-induced protein of the Schlafen family, which are involved in immune responses and oncogenesis. To date, little is known regarding its anti-HIV-1 function. Here, the authors report that overexpression of SLFN5 inhibits HIV-1 replication and reduces viral mRNA levels, whereas depletion of endogenous SLFN5 promotes HIV-1 replication. Moreover, they show that SLFN5 markedly decreases the transcriptional activity of HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) via binding to two sequences in the U5-R region, which consequently represses the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to the transcription initiation site. Mutagenesis studies show the importance of nuclear localization and the N-terminal 1-570 amino acids fragment in the inhibition of HIV-1. Further mechanistic studies demonstrate that SLFN5 interacts with components of the PRC2 complex, G9a and Histone H3, thereby promoting H3K27me2 and H3K27me3 modification leading to silencing HIV-1 transcription. In concert with this, they find that SLFN5 blocks the activation of latent HIV-1. Altogether, their findings demonstrate that SLFN5 is a transcriptional repressor of HIV-1 through epigenetic modulation and a potential determinant of HIV-1 latency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Ding
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shujie Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shumin Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyuan Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Magan Solomon
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhenlong Liu
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Fei Guo
- Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Wen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and McGill AIDS Centre, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Shan Cen
- Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.,CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Structural, molecular, and functional insights into Schlafen proteins. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:730-738. [PMID: 35768579 PMCID: PMC9256597 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Schlafen (SLFN) genes belong to a vertebrate gene family encoding proteins with high sequence homology. However, each SLFN is functionally divergent and differentially expressed in various tissues and species, showing a wide range of expression in cancer and normal cells. SLFNs are involved in various cellular and tissue-specific processes, including DNA replication, proliferation, immune and interferon responses, viral infections, and sensitivity to DNA-targeted anticancer agents. The fundamental molecular characteristics of SLFNs and their structures are beginning to be elucidated. Here, we review recent structural insights into the N-terminal, middle and C-terminal domains (N-, M-, and C-domains, respectively) of human SLFNs and discuss the current understanding of their biological roles. We review the distinct molecular activities of SLFN11, SLFN5, and SLFN12 and the relevance of SLFN11 as a predictive biomarker in oncology. The diverse roles that Schlafen family proteins play in cell proliferation, immune modulation, and other biological processes make them promising targets for treating and tracking diseases, especially cancer. Ukhyun Jo and Yves Pommier from the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, USA, review the molecular characteristics and structural features of Schlafen proteins. These proteins take their name from the German word for “sleep”, as the first described Schlafen proteins caused cells to stop dividing, although later reports found that related members of the same protein family serve myriad cellular functions, including in the regulation of DNA replication. A better understanding of Schlafen proteins could open up new avenues in cancer management, for instance, diagnostics that monitor activity levels of one such protein, SLFN11, could help oncologists predict how well patients might respond to anti-cancer therapies.
Collapse
|
12
|
Schlafens Can Put Viruses to Sleep. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020442. [PMID: 35216035 PMCID: PMC8875196 DOI: 10.3390/v14020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Schlafen gene family encodes for proteins involved in various biological tasks, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and T cell development. Schlafens were initially discovered in mice, and have been studied in the context of cancer biology, as well as their role in protecting cells during viral infection. This protein family provides antiviral barriers via direct and indirect effects on virus infection. Schlafens can inhibit the replication of viruses with both RNA and DNA genomes. In this review, we summarize the cellular functions and the emerging relationship between Schlafens and innate immunity. We also discuss the functions and distinctions of this emerging family of proteins as host restriction factors against viral infection. Further research into Schlafen protein function will provide insight into their mechanisms that contribute to intrinsic and innate host immunity.
Collapse
|
13
|
Metzner FJ, Huber E, Hopfner KP, Lammens K. Structural and biochemical characterization of human Schlafen 5. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:1147-1161. [PMID: 35037067 PMCID: PMC8789055 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Schlafen family belongs to the interferon-stimulated genes and its members are involved in cell cycle regulation, T cell quiescence, inhibition of viral replication, DNA-repair and tRNA processing. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of full-length human Schlafen 5 (SLFN5) and the high-resolution crystal structure of the highly conserved N-terminal core domain. We show that the core domain does not resemble an ATPase-like fold and neither binds nor hydrolyzes ATP. SLFN5 binds tRNA as well as single- and double-stranded DNA, suggesting a potential role in transcriptional regulation. Unlike rat Slfn13 or human SLFN11, human SLFN5 did not cleave tRNA. Based on the structure, we identified two residues in proximity to the zinc finger motif that decreased DNA binding when mutated. These results indicate that Schlafen proteins have divergent enzymatic functions and provide a structural platform for future biochemical and genetic studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix J Metzner
- Department of Biochemistry, Gene Center, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Huber
- Department of Biochemistry, Gene Center, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Karl-Peter Hopfner
- Department of Biochemistry, Gene Center, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Katja Lammens
- Department of Biochemistry, Gene Center, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 25, 81377 München, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cui H, Guo D, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Wang Z, Jin Y, Guo W, Zhang S. ENO3 Inhibits Growth and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma via Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:797102. [PMID: 35004693 PMCID: PMC8733707 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.797102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
β-enolase (ENO3) is a metalloenzyme that functions during glycolysis and has been revealed ectopic expression in different cancers. However, the function and underlying modulatory mechanisms of ENO3 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are still elusive. Here, we discovered that ENO3 was remarkably down-regulated in human HCC tissue in contrast to those in noncancerous tissue. Moreover, low expression of ENO3 was related to the poor prognosis of HCC patients. Overexpression of ENO3 suppressed proliferative, migratory, and invasive abilities of HCC cells both in vitro and in vivo, whereas knocking down ENO3 led to the opposite effect. In addition, we revealed that ENO3 repressed the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process with its biomarker variations. Mechanistic research unveiled that ENO3 suppressed the Wnt/β-catenin signal, which subsequently modulated the transcription of its target genes associated with the proliferation and metastasis capacity of HCC cells. Taken together, our study uncovered that ENO3 acted as a tumor inhibitor in HCC development and implied ENO3 as a promising candidate for HCC treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Danfeng Guo
- Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaohua Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Jin
- Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wenzhi Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuijun Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Research Centre for Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory for Digestive Organ Transplantation, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Schlafens: Emerging Proteins in Cancer Cell Biology. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092238. [PMID: 34571887 PMCID: PMC8465726 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Schlafens (SLFN) are a family of genes widely expressed in mammals, including humans and rodents. These intriguing proteins play different roles in regulating cell proliferation, cell differentiation, immune cell growth and maturation, and inhibiting viral replication. The emerging evidence is implicating Schlafens in cancer biology and chemosensitivity. Although Schlafens share common domains and a high degree of homology, different Schlafens act differently. In particular, they show specific and occasionally opposing effects in some cancer types. This review will briefly summarize the history, structure, and non-malignant biological functions of Schlafens. The roles of human and mouse Schlafens in different cancer types will then be outlined. Finally, we will discuss the implication of Schlafens in the anti-tumor effect of interferons and the use of Schlafens as predictors of chemosensitivity.
Collapse
|
16
|
Martinez RS, Salji MJ, Rushworth L, Ntala C, Rodriguez Blanco G, Hedley A, Clark W, Peixoto P, Hervouet E, Renaude E, Kung SHY, Galbraith LCA, Nixon C, Lilla S, MacKay GM, Fazli L, Gaughan L, Sumpton D, Gleave ME, Zanivan S, Blomme A, Leung HY. SLFN5 Regulates LAT1-Mediated mTOR Activation in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. Cancer Res 2021; 81:3664-3678. [PMID: 33985973 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-3694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care for treatment of nonresectable prostate cancer. Despite high treatment efficiency, most patients ultimately develop lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). In this study, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of three in vivo, androgen receptor (AR)-responsive orthograft models of matched hormone-naïve prostate cancer and CRPC. Differential proteomic analysis revealed that distinct molecular mechanisms, including amino acid (AA) and fatty acid metabolism, are involved in the response to ADT in the different models. Despite this heterogeneity, Schlafen family member 5 (SLFN5) was identified as an AR-regulated protein in CRPC. SLFN5 expression was high in CRPC tumors and correlated with poor patient outcome. In vivo, SLFN5 depletion strongly impaired tumor growth in castrated conditions. Mechanistically, SLFN5 interacted with ATF4 and regulated the expression of LAT1, an essential AA transporter. Consequently, SLFN5 depletion in CRPC cells decreased intracellular levels of essential AA and impaired mTORC1 signaling in a LAT1-dependent manner. These results confirm that these orthograft models recapitulate the high degree of heterogeneity observed in patients with CRPC and further highlight SLFN5 as a clinically relevant target for CRPC. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies SLFN5 as a novel regulator of the LAT1 amino acid transporter and an essential contributor to mTORC1 activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael S Martinez
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mark J Salji
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Rushworth
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chara Ntala
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ann Hedley
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - William Clark
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Peixoto
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- EPIGENExp, (EPIgenetics and GENe EXPression Technical Platform), Besançon, France
| | - Eric Hervouet
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- EPIGENExp, (EPIgenetics and GENe EXPression Technical Platform), Besançon, France
| | - Elodie Renaude
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, INSERM, EFS BFC, UMR1098, Interactions Hôte-Greffon-Tumeur/Ingénierie Cellulaire et Génique, Besançon, France
- EPIGENExp, (EPIgenetics and GENe EXPression Technical Platform), Besançon, France
| | - Sonia H Y Kung
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Laura C A Galbraith
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Colin Nixon
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sergio Lilla
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Gillian M MacKay
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ladan Fazli
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Luke Gaughan
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - David Sumpton
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Martin E Gleave
- Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sara Zanivan
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Arnaud Blomme
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Hing Y Leung
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gu X, Zhou L, Chen L, Pan H, Zhao R, Guang W, Wan G, Zhang P, Liu D, Deng LL, Zhao W, Lu C. Human Schlafen 5 Inhibits Proliferation and Promotes Apoptosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma via the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6628682. [PMID: 33860045 PMCID: PMC8009730 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6628682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human Schlafen 5 (SLFN5) is reported to inhibit or promote the proliferation of several specific types of cancer cells by our lab and other researchers. We are curious about its implications in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAC), a malignant tumor with a high incidence rate and high mortality. METHOD Lentiviral stable transfections of SLFN5-specific shRNA for knockdown and SLFN5 full-length coding sequence for overexpression were performed in LUAC cell for proliferation analysis in vitro and in vivo in nude mice. Clinical LUAC samples were collected for immunohistochemical analysis of SLFN5 protein levels. RESULTS We found that knockdown of endogenous SLFN5 upregulates cancer cell proliferation while inhibiting apoptosis. Besides, SLFN5 inhibition on proliferation was also observed in a nude mouse xenograft model. In contrast, overexpression of exogenous SLFN5 inhibited cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and promoted apoptosis. As to the signaling pathway, we found phosphatase and tensin homolog on chromosome 10 (PTEN) was positively regulated by SLFN5, while its downstream signaling pathway AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was inhibited. Moreover, compared with adjacent normal tissues, SLFN5 protein levels were markedly decreased in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. In conclusion, these suggest that human SLFN5 plays inhibitory roles in LUAC progression through the PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, providing a potential target for developing drugs for lung cancer therapy in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Gu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiqing Pan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Guang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Wan
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingsheng Liu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Li Deng
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Weiming Zhao
- Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changlian Lu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gu X, Wan G, Yang Y, Liu Y, Yang X, Zheng Y, Jiang L, Zhang P, Liu D, Zhao W, Huang G, Lu C. SLFN5 influences proliferation and apoptosis by upregulating PTEN transcription via ZEB1 and inhibits the purine metabolic pathway in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:2832-2850. [PMID: 33042620 PMCID: PMC7539779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Schlafen-5 (SLFN5) is aberrantly involved in tumorigenesis in several types of cancer. However, its implications in breast cancer (BRCA) are unknown. Herein, we demonstrated that SLFN5 expression is negatively associated with the tumour growth of human BRCA using GEO database analysis and clinical sample immunostaining. Lentiviral overexpression of SLFN5 in BRCA cell lines suppressed tumourigenicity in nude mice. Knockdown and overexpression of SLFN5 in BRCA cell lines proved that SLFN5 can inhibit cell proliferation and colony formation and promote apoptosis by upregulating the transcription of a known cancer suppressor gene (the phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome 10, PTEN), resulting in molecular changes in the downstream AKT pathway and in proliferation/apoptosis. Lentiviral knockdown and overexpression of ZEB1 blocked the changes in the PTEN and AKT pathways and in the colony formation ability caused by SLFN5 knockdown and overexpression, respectively. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that ZEB1 can inhibit the PTEN promoter activity in MCF7 cells by binding to a motif in the PTEN promoter. Metabonomics analysis showed that SLFN5 influences many metabolic pathways and especially decreases purine metabolites, including inosine, xanthine, and hypoxanthine. In conclusion, our findings suggest that SLFN5 may be an important protective factor against BRCA, as it regulates PTEN transcription, the AKT pathway, and proliferation/apoptosis via ZEB1 mediation and inhibits the purine metabolic pathway. Thus, SLFN5 may be a potential therapeutic target for BRCA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Gu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu HospitalShanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health SciencesShanghai, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health SciencesShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Guoqing Wan
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu HospitalShanghai, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health SciencesShanghai, P. R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health SciencesShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Pathology, Mudanjiang Medical UniversityMudanjiang, P. R. China
| | - Yihao Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, CAMS&PUMCBeijing, P. R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical DiseasesBeijing, P. R. China
| | - Xintong Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health SciencesShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Yanjun Zheng
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu HospitalShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Liying Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health SciencesShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health SciencesShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Dingsheng Liu
- Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Science Affiliated Zhoupu HospitalShanghai, P. R. China
| | | | - Gang Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health SciencesShanghai, P. R. China
| | - Changlian Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health SciencesShanghai, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|