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Hu Z, Zhao X, Wu Z, Qu B, Yuan M, Xing Y, Song Y, Wang Z. Lymphatic vessel: origin, heterogeneity, biological functions, and therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:9. [PMID: 38172098 PMCID: PMC10764842 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01723-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic vessels, comprising the secondary circulatory system in human body, play a multifaceted role in maintaining homeostasis among various tissues and organs. They are tasked with a serious of responsibilities, including the regulation of lymph absorption and transport, the orchestration of immune surveillance and responses. Lymphatic vessel development undergoes a series of sophisticated regulatory signaling pathways governing heterogeneous-origin cell populations stepwise to assemble into the highly specialized lymphatic vessel networks. Lymphangiogenesis, as defined by new lymphatic vessels sprouting from preexisting lymphatic vessels/embryonic veins, is the main developmental mechanism underlying the formation and expansion of lymphatic vessel networks in an embryo. However, abnormal lymphangiogenesis could be observed in many pathological conditions and has a close relationship with the development and progression of various diseases. Mechanistic studies have revealed a set of lymphangiogenic factors and cascades that may serve as the potential targets for regulating abnormal lymphangiogenesis, to further modulate the progression of diseases. Actually, an increasing number of clinical trials have demonstrated the promising interventions and showed the feasibility of currently available treatments for future clinical translation. Targeting lymphangiogenic promoters or inhibitors not only directly regulates abnormal lymphangiogenesis, but improves the efficacy of diverse treatments. In conclusion, we present a comprehensive overview of lymphatic vessel development and physiological functions, and describe the critical involvement of abnormal lymphangiogenesis in multiple diseases. Moreover, we summarize the targeting therapeutic values of abnormal lymphangiogenesis, providing novel perspectives for treatment strategy of multiple human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoliang Hu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Xushi Zhao
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Zhonghua Wu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Bicheng Qu
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Minxian Yuan
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Yanan Xing
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
| | - Zhenning Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University; Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastrointestinal Tumors (China Medical University), Ministry of Education, 155 North Nanjing Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110001, China.
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Huang B, Gui M, An H, Shen J, Ye F, Ni Z, Zhan H, Che L, Lai Z, Zeng J, Peng J, Lin J. Babao Dan alleviates gut immune and microbiota disorders while impacting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-кB pathway to attenuate 5-Fluorouracil-induced intestinal injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115387. [PMID: 37643486 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Adjuvant chemotherapy based on 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), such as FOLFOX, is suggested as a treatment for gastrointestinal cancer. Yet, intestinal damage continues to be a prevalent side effect for which there are no practical prevention measures. We investigated whether Babao Dan (BBD), a Traditional Chinese Medicine, protects against intestinal damage induced by 5-FU by controlling immune response and gut microbiota. 5-FU was injected intraperitoneally to establish the mice model, then 250 mg/kg BBD was gavaged for five days straight. 5-FU led to marked weight loss, diarrhea, fecal blood, and histopathologic intestinal damage. Administration of BBD reduced these symptoms, inhibited proinflammatory cytokine (IL-6, IL-1β, IFN-γ, TNF-α) secretion, and upregulated the ratio of CD3(+) T cells and the CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio. According to 16S rRNA sequencing, BBD dramatically repaired the disruption of the gut microbiota caused in a time-dependent way, and increased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio. Transcriptomic results showed that the mechanism is mainly concentrated on the NF-κB pathway, and we found that BBD reduced the concentration of LPS in the fecal suspension and serum, and inhibited TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway activation. Furthermore, at the genus level on the fifth day, BBD upregulated the abundance of unidentified_Corynebacteriaceae, Aerococcus, Blautia, Jeotgalicoccus, Odoribacter, Roseburia, Rikenella, Intestinimonas, unidentified_Lachnospiraceae, Enterorhabdus, Ruminiclostridium, and downregulated the abundance of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Parasutterella, Erysipelatoclostridium, which were highly correlated with intestinal injury or the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway. In conclusion, we established a network involving 5-FU, BBD, the immune response, gut microbiota, and key pathways to explain the pharmacology of oral BBD in preventing 5-FU-induced intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Huang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Mengxuan Gui
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Honglin An
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Jiayu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Feimin Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Zhuona Ni
- Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Hanzhang Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Li Che
- Xiamen Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361100, PR China
| | - Zhicheng Lai
- Xiamen Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361100, PR China
| | - Jiahan Zeng
- Xiamen Traditional Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd., Xiamen 361100, PR China
| | - Jun Peng
- Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Jiumao Lin
- Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on Geriatrics, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China; Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine of Fujian Province University, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China.
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