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Tian Y, Song H, Qin W, Ding Z, Zhang Y, Shan W, Jin D. Mammalian STE20-Like Kinase 2 Promotes Lipopolysaccharides-Mediated Cardiomyocyte Inflammation and Apoptosis by Enhancing Mitochondrial Fission. Front Physiol 2020; 11:897. [PMID: 32848850 PMCID: PMC7424023 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the role of mammalian STE20-like protein kinase 2 (Mst2), a serine-threonine protein kinase, in Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-mediated inflammation and apoptosis in the H9C2 cardiomyocytes. Mst2 mRNA and protein levels were significantly upregulated in the LPS-treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes. LPS treatment induced expression of IL-2, IL-8, and MMP9 mRNA and proteins in the H9C2 cardiomyocytes, and this was accompanied by increased caspase-3/9 mediating H9C2 cardiomyocyte apoptosis. LPS treatment also increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the levels of antioxidant enzymes, such as GSH, SOD, and GPX, in the H9C2 cardiomyocytes. The LPS-treated H9C2 cardiomyocytes showed lower cellular ATP levels and mitochondrial state-3/4 respiration but increased mitochondrial fragmentation, including upregulation of the mitochondrial fission genes Drp1, Mff, and Fis1. LPS-induced inflammation, mitochondrial ROS, mitochondrial fission, and apoptosis were all significantly suppressed by pre-treating the H9C2 cardiomyocytes with the Mst2 inhibitor, XMU-MP1. However, the beneficial effects of Mst2 inhibition by XMU-MP1 were abolished by carbonyl cyanide-4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP), a potent activator of mitochondrial fission. These findings demonstrate that Mst2 mediates LPS-induced cardiomyocyte inflammation and apoptosis by increasing mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Tian
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Haijiu Song
- The First Department of Medicine, Chengde City Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Zhenjiang Ding
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Weichao Shan
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
| | - Dapeng Jin
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College, Chengde, China
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Raj EN, Lin Y, Chen C, Liu K, Chao J. Selective Autophagy Pathway of Nanoparticles and Nanodrugs: Drug Delivery and Pathophysiological Effects. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Naveen Raj
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Wei Lin
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
| | - Chien‐Hung Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
| | - Kuang‐Kai Liu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
| | - Jui‐I Chao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
- Center For Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio‐devices National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30068 Taiwan
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Cong Y, Dinesh Kumar N, Mauthe M, Verlhac P, Reggiori F. Manipulation of selective macroautophagy by pathogens at a glance. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:133/10/jcs240440. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.240440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a highly conserved catabolic pathway, which mediates the delivery of unwanted cytoplasmic structures and organelles to lysosomes for degradation. In numerous situations, autophagy is highly selective and exclusively targets specific intracellular components. Selective types of autophagy are a central element of our cell-autonomous innate immunity as they can mediate the turnover of viruses or bacteria, that gain access to the cytoplasm of the cell. Selective autophagy also modulates other aspects of our immunity by turning over specific immunoregulators. Throughout evolution, however, the continuous interaction between this fundamental cellular pathway and pathogens has led several pathogens to develop exquisite mechanisms to inhibit or subvert selective types of autophagy, to promote their intracellular multiplication. This Cell Science at a Glance article and the accompanying poster provides an overview of the selective autophagy of both pathogens, known as xenophagy, and of immunoregulators, and highlights a few archetypal examples that illustrate molecular strategies developed by viruses and bacteria to manipulate selective autophagy for their own benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Cong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Nilima Dinesh Kumar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Mauthe
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Pauline Verlhac
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 AV, The Netherlands
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Hu C, Lu K, Liu W. Exendin-4 attenuates inflammation-mediated endothelial cell apoptosis in varicose veins through inhibiting the MAPK-JNK signaling pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:464-470. [PMID: 32338116 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1756326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Context: Inflammation response has been found to be associated with endothelial cell death in the progression of varicose veins. Exendin-4 is able to reduce inflammation and thus attenuate cell apoptosis.Aim: The aim of our study is to explore the influence of Exendin-4 on LPS-treated endothelial cells.Methods: Cells were treated with LPS. Exendin-4 was added into the medium of cells. Western blots, qPCR, and ELISA were used to analyze the role of Exendin-4 in LPS-mediated cell death.Results: We found that LPS treatment caused significantly cell death. Whereas this trend could be attenuated by Exendin-4. After treatment with Exendin-4, inflammation factors upregulation and oxidative stress activation were significantly repressed, an effect that was followed by a drop in the levels of glucose production and lactic acid generation. At the molecular levels, Exendin-4 treatment inhibited the activity of MAPK-JNK signaling pathway in the presence of LPS treatment.Conclusions: LPS causes cell apoptosis through inducing inflammation response, oxidative stress and energy stress. Exendin-4 treatment enhances cell survival, reduces inflammation, and improves energy stress through inhibiting the MAPK-JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfu Hu
- Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kai Lu
- Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Weili Liu
- Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
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Wang J, Toan S, Zhou H. New insights into the role of mitochondria in cardiac microvascular ischemia/reperfusion injury. Angiogenesis 2020; 23:299-314. [PMID: 32246225 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-020-09720-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
As reperfusion therapies have become more widely used in acute myocardial infarction patients, ischemia-induced myocardial damage has been markedly reduced, but reperfusion-induced cardiac injury has become increasingly evident. The features of cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury include microvascular perfusion defects, platelet activation and sequential cardiomyocyte death due to additional ischemic events at the reperfusion stage. Microvascular obstruction, defined as a no-reflow phenomenon, determines the infarct zone, myocardial function and peri-operative mortality. Cardiac microvascular endothelial cell injury may occur much earlier and with much greater severity than cardiomyocyte injury. Endothelial cells contain fewer mitochondria than other cardiac cells, and several of the pathological alterations during cardiac microvascular I/R injury involve mitochondria, such as increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) levels and disturbed mitochondrial dynamics. Although mROS are necessary physiological second messengers, high mROS levels induce oxidative stress, endothelial senescence and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dynamics, including fission, fusion and mitophagy, determine the shape, distribution, size and function of mitochondria. These adaptive responses modify extracellular signals and orchestrate intracellular processes such as cell proliferation, migration, metabolism, angiogenesis, permeability transition, adhesive molecule expression, endothelial barrier function and anticoagulation. In this review, we discuss the involvement of mROS and mitochondrial morphofunction in cardiac microvascular I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Chinese PLA General Hospital, Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, 100853, China. .,Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Li R, Toan S, Zhou H. Role of mitochondrial quality control in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:6467-6485. [PMID: 32213662 PMCID: PMC7185127 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nutrient oversupply and mitochondrial dysfunction play central roles in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The mitochondria are the major sites of β-oxidation, a catabolic process by which fatty acids are broken down. The mitochondrial quality control (MQC) system includes mitochondrial fission, fusion, mitophagy and mitochondrial redox regulation, and is essential for the maintenance of the functionality and structural integrity of the mitochondria. Excessive and uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the mitochondria damages mitochondrial components, including membranes, proteins and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and triggers the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. The functionality of some damaged mitochondria can be restored by fusion with normally functioning mitochondria, but when severely damaged, mitochondria are segregated from the remaining functional mitochondrial network through fission and are eventually degraded via mitochondrial autophagy, also called as mitophagy. In this review, we describe the functions and mechanisms of mitochondrial fission, fusion, oxidative stress and mitophagy in the development and progression of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Sam Toan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Hao Zhou
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Xing J, Wang Z, Xu H, Liu C, Wei Z, Zhao L, Ren L. Pak2 inhibition promotes resveratrol-mediated glioblastoma A172 cell apoptosis via modulating the AMPK-YAP signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:6563-6573. [PMID: 32017068 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
As a polyphenolic compound, resveratrol (Res) is widely present in a variety of plants. Previous studies have shown that Res can inhibit various tumors. However, its role in c remains largely unexplored. In the present study, we first demonstrated that Res inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis of glioblastoma A172 cell. Further experiments showed that Res induced mitochondrial dysfunction and activated the activity of caspase-9. Functional studies have found that Res treatment is associated with an increase in the expression of Pak2. Interestingly, inhibition of Pak2 could further augment the proapoptotic effect of Res. Mechanistically, Pak2 inhibition induced reactive oxygen species overproduction, mitochondria-JNK pathway activation, and AMPK-YAP axis suppression. However, overexpression of YAP could abolish the anticancer effects of Res and Pak2 inhibition, suggesting a necessary role played by the AMPK-YAP pathway in regulating cancer-suppressive actions of Res and Pak2 inhibition. Altogether, our results indicated that Res in combination with Pak2 inhibition could further enhance the anticancer property of Res and this effect is mediated via the AMPK-YAP pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chaobo Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zilong Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Shanghai Fu Dan University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang Y, Zhang H, Shi W, Wang W. Mief1 augments thyroid cell dysfunction and apoptosis through inhibiting AMPK-PTEN signaling pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2020; 40:15-23. [PMID: 31960779 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2020.1716799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Inflammation-mediated thyroid cell dysfunction and apoptosis increases the like-hood of hypothyroidism.Aim: Our aim in the present study is to explore the role of mitochondrial elongation factor 1 (Mief1) in thyroid cell dysfunction induced by TNFα.Materials and methods: Different doses of TNFα were used to incubate with thyroid cells in vitro. The survival rate, apoptotic index and proliferation capacity of thyroid cells were measured. Cellular energy metabolism and endoplasmic reticulum function related to protein synthesis were detected.Results: In response to TNFα treatment, the levels of Mief1 were increased, coinciding with a drop in the viability of thyroid cells in vitro. Loss of Mief1 attenuates TNFα-induced cell death through reducing the ratio of cell apoptosis. Further, we found that Mief1 deletion reversed cell energy metabolism and this effect was attributable to mitochondrial protection. Mief1 knockdown sustained mitochondrial membrane potential and reduced mitochondrial ROS overproduction. In addition, Mief1 knockdown also reduced endoplasmic reticulum stress, as evidenced by decreased levels of Chop and Caspase-12. Finally, our data verified that TNFα treatment inhibited the activity of AMPK-PTEN pathway whereas Mief1 deletion reversed the activity of AMPK and thus promoted the upregulation of PTEN. However, inhibition of AMPK-PTEN pathways could abolish the beneficial effects exerted by Mief1 deletion on thyroid cells damage and dysfunction.Conclusions: Altogether, our data indicate that immune abnormality-mediated thyroid cell dysfunction and death are alleviated by Mief1 deletion possible driven through reversing the activity of AMPK-PTEN pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Research Institute of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech Balance Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Haichao Zhang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Research Institute of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech Balance Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Otorhinolaryngology Research Institute of Tianjin, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Auditory Speech Balance Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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Gao J, Wang H, Li Y, Li W. Resveratrol attenuates cerebral ischaemia reperfusion injury via modulating mitochondrial dynamics homeostasis and activating AMPK-Mfn1 pathway. Int J Exp Pathol 2019; 100:337-349. [PMID: 31867811 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of cerebral ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) has not been fully described. Accordingly, there is little effective drug available for the treatment of cerebral IRI. The aim of our study was to explore the exact role played by Mfn1-mediated mitochondrial protection in cerebral IRI and evaluate the beneficial action of resveratrol on reperfused brain. Our study demonstrated that hypoxia-reoxygenation (HR) injury caused N2a cell apoptosis and this process was highly affected by mitochondrial dysfunction. Decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and an activated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway were noted in HR-treated N2a cells. Interestingly, resveratrol treatment could attenuate N2a cell apoptosis via sustaining mitochondrial homeostasis. Further, we found that resveratrol modulated mitochondrial performance via activating the Mfn1-related mitochondrial protective system. Knockdown of Mfn1 could abolish the beneficial effects of resveratrol on HR-treated N2a cells. Besides, we also report that resveratrol regulated Mfn1 expression via the AMPK pathway; inhibition of AMPK pathway also neutralized the anti-apoptotic effect of resveratrol on N2a cells in the setting of cerebral IRI. Taken together our results show that mitochondrial damage is closely associated with the progression of cerebral IRI. In addition we also demonstrate the protective action played by resveratrol on reperfused brain and show that this effect is achieved via activating the AMPK-Mfn1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbao Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Seventh Medical Center, the PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haijiang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Seventh Medical Center, the PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Seventh Medical Center, the PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wende Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, the Seventh Medical Center, the PLA Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Yang Y, Gong Z, Wang Z. Yes-associated protein reduces neuroinflammation through upregulation of Sirt3 and inhibition of JNK signaling pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:479-487. [PMID: 31858862 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1705339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Neuroinflammation is linked to a series of neurodegenerative diseases through the unknown mechanisms.Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Yes-associated protein (Yap) in the regulation of neuroinflammation.Methods: BV-2 neuroglia cells were treated with TNFα in vitro. Then, western blots, qPCR, immunofluorescence, and ELISA were used to verify the influence of Yap in BV-2 cells neuroinflammation response.Results: After exposure to TNFα, viability of BV-2 cells decreased whereas apoptosis index was increased. Of note, Yap expression in BV-2 cells was significantly reduced, when compared to the normal cells. Interestingly, adenovirus-induced Yap overexpression was capable to reverse cell viability and thus reduce apoptotic index in TNFα-treated BV-2 cells. Molecular investigation demonstrated that Yap overexpression was linked to Sirt3 upregulation. Increased Sirt3 reduced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, attenuated mitochondrial damage, and blocked JNK pro-apoptotic pathway. Interestingly, loss of Sirt3 abolished the protective effects induced by Yap overexpression in TNFα-treated BV-2 cells.Conclusions: Altogether, our results demonstrated that neuroinflammation could be caused by Yap downregulation, possible driven through Sirt3 inhibition and JNK activation. However, overexpression of Yap could protect BV-2 cells against TNFα-mediated apoptosis through modulating Sirt3-JNK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | | | - Zhiyun Wang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Dong Q, Jie Y, Ma J, Li C, Xin T, Yang D. Renal tubular cell death and inflammation response are regulated by the MAPK-ERK-CREB signaling pathway under hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:383-391. [PMID: 31782334 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1698050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Context: Cell death and inflammation response have been found to the primary features of acute kidney injury.Objective: The aim of our study is to figure out the molecular mechanism by which hypoxia-reoxygenation injury affects the viability of tubular cell death.Materials and methods: HK2 cells were treated with hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in vitro. Pathway agonist was added into the medium of HK2 cell to activate MAPK-EEK-CREB axis.Results: Hypoxia-reoxygenation injury reduced HK2 cell viability and increased cell apoptosis rate in vitro. Besides, inflammation response has been found to be induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in HK2 cells in vitro. In addition, MAPK-ERK-CREB pathway was deactivated during hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. Interestingly, activation of MAPK-ERK-CREB pathway could attenuate hypoxia-reoxygenation injury-mediated HK2 cell apoptosis and inflammation. Mechanistically, MAPK-ERK-CREB pathway activation upregulated the transcription of anti-apoptotic genes and reduced the levels of pro-apoptotic factors under hypoxia-reoxygenation injury.Conclusions: Our results report a novel signaling pathway responsible for acute kidney injury-related tubular cell death. Activation of MAPK-ERK-CREB signaling could protect tubular cell against hypoxia-reoxygenation-related cell apoptosis and inflammation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Yingxin Jie
- Department of Emergency, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Ting Xin
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Dingwei Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, P.R.China
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Ma G, Liu Y. NURR1 inhibition reduces hypoxia-mediated cardiomyocyte necrosis via blocking Mst1-JNK-mPTP pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:350-358. [PMID: 31755334 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1690514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Ma
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingwu Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Central Hospital of Tianjin, Tianjin, China
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang P, Shen Y, Yuan K, Li M, Liang W, Que H. Sirt3 overexpression alleviates hyperglycemia-induced vascular inflammation through regulating redox balance, cell survival, and AMPK-mediated mitochondrial homeostasis. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:341-349. [PMID: 31680596 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1684521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Context: Sirtuin-3 (Sirt3), a NAD-dependent deacetylase, has been reported to be involved in many biological processes.Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of Sirt3 on diabetic mice and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under high glucose (HG) condition.Materials and methods: HUVECs were cultured under HG and inflammation pathway was determined via qPCR, western blots, and immunofluorescence.Results: Sirt3 expression was reduced in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Overexpression of Sirt3 sustains renal function and retard the development of diabetic nephropathy. Mechanistically, Sirt3 overexpression attenuated hyperglycemia-mediated endothelial cells apoptosis in kidney. Besides, Sirt3 overexpression repressed oxidative injury and blocked caspase-9-related apoptosis pathway. Moreover, we found that Sirt3 overexpression was associated with AMPK activation and the latter elevates PGC1α-related mitochondrial protective system, especially mitochondrial autophagy. Loss of opa1 and/or inhibition of AMPK could depress mitochondrial autophagy and exacerbates mitochondrial function, finally contributing to the death of human renal mesangial cells.Conclusions: Our results demonstrated the beneficial effects of Sirt3 in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Increased Sirt3-activated AMPK pathway, augments PGC1α-related mitochondrial protective system, sustained redox balance and closed caspase-9-involved apoptosis pathway in the setting of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiting Shen
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maoran Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, South Campus, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huafa Que
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ma C, Wang J, Fan L. Therapeutic effects of bone mesenchymal stem cells on oral and maxillofacial defects: a novel signaling pathway involving miR-31/CXCR4/Akt axis. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2019; 39:321-330. [PMID: 31573375 DOI: 10.1080/10799893.2019.1669054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Context: Although bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been used for the treatment of oral and maxillofacial defects, the survival rate and limited proliferation reduces the therapeutic efficiency of BMSC.Objective: The aim of our study is to explore the role of miR-31 in regulating survival, proliferation, and migration of BMSC in vitro.Materials and methods: LPS was used in vitro to induce BMSC damage and then miR-31 was used to incubate with BMSC. Subsequently, BMSC proliferation, survival, and migration were determined via ELISA, qPCR, western blots, and immunofluorescence.Results: The expression of miR-31 was downregulated in response to LPS stress. Interestingly, supplementation of miR-31 could reverse the survival, proliferation and migration of BMSC under LPS. Mechanically, miR-31 treatment inhibited the activation of caspase, and thus promoted BMSC survival. Besides, miR-31 upregulated the genes related to cell proliferation, an effect that was followed by an increase in the levels of migratory factors. Further, we found that miR-31 treatment activated the CXCR4/Akt pathway and blockade of CXCR4/Akt could abolish the beneficial effects of miR-31 on BMSC proliferation, survival, and migration.Conclusions: miR-31 could increase the therapeutic efficiency of BMSC via the CXCR4/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province, Cangzhou, China
| | - Jingxian Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province, Cangzhou, China
| | - Longkun Fan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Cangzhou Central Hospital of Hebei Province, Cangzhou, China
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15
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Zhang J, Wang L, Xie W, Hu S, Zhou H, Zhu P, Zhu H. Melatonin attenuates ER stress and mitochondrial damage in septic cardiomyopathy: A new mechanism involving BAP31 upregulation and MAPK-ERK pathway. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2847-2856. [PMID: 31535369 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Septic cardiomyopathy is associated with mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) dysfunction. However, the upstream mediator of mitochondrial injury and ER stress has not been identified and thus little drug is available to treat septic cardiomyopathy. Here, we explored the role of B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 (BAP31) in septic cardiomyopathy and figure out whether melatonin could attenuate sepsis-mediated myocardial depression via modulating BAP31. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to establish the septic cardiomyopathy model. Pathway analysis was performed via western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence. Mitochondrial function and ER stress were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blot, and immunofluorescence. After exposure to LPS, cardiac function was reduced due to excessive inflammation response and extensive cardiomyocyte death. Mechanistically, melatonin treatment could dose-dependently improve cardiomyocyte viability via preserving mitochondrial function and reducing ER stress. Further, we found that BAP31 transcription was repressed by LPS whereas melatonin could restore BAP31 expression; this effect was dependent on the MAPK-ERK pathway. Inhibition of the ERK pathway and/or knockdown of BAP31 could attenuate the beneficial effects of melatonin on mitochondrial function and ER homeostasis under LPS stress. Altogether, our results indicate that ERK-BAP31 pathway could be used as a critical mediator for mitochondrial function and ER homeostasis in sepsis-related myocardial injury. Melatonin could stabilize BAP31 via the ERK pathway and thus contribute to the preservation of cardiac function in septic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Zhang
- Graduate School of Medical School of Chinese PLA Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Leili Wang
- Center of Project Management, Department of Aerospace Systems, Strategic Support Force, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Graduate School of Medical School of Chinese PLA Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shunying Hu
- Graduate School of Medical School of Chinese PLA Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Graduate School of Medical School of Chinese PLA Hospital, Beijing, China.,Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, Wyoming University, Laramie, Wyoming
| | - Pingjun Zhu
- Graduate School of Medical School of Chinese PLA Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Zhu
- Graduate School of Medical School of Chinese PLA Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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Sadeghi A, Shabani M, Alizadeh S, Meshkani R. Interplay between oxidative stress and autophagy function and its role in inflammatory cytokine expression induced by palmitate in skeletal muscle cells. Cytokine 2019; 125:154835. [PMID: 31479873 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process activated in response to various stresses such as starvation, hypoxia, and oxidative stress. Autophagy was reported to modulate the inflammatory pathways. However, whether autophagy is involved in regulation of palmitate-induced inflammation of skeletal muscle C2C12 cells is still unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the autophagic pathway in C2C12 cells treated with 0.5 mM palmitate. The results showed that the protein levels of LC3BII and P62 were increased in C2C12 cells after 12 h palmitate treatment. Besides, inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine or 3-methyladenin and its activation by rapamycin were associated with elevated mRNA and protein levels of IL-6 and TNF-α inflammatory cytokines in C2C12 cells. To study the mechanism by which autophagy impairment leads to activation of inflammatory responses, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in palmitate-treated cells were measured. The results showed that while palmitate stimulates ROS production, pretreatment of the cells with N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, reduced inflammatory responses and also improved LC3-BII and P62 protein in the C2C12 cells exposed to palmitate. These findings suggest that palmitate-induced defect of autophagic flux leads to elevated inflammatory cytokine expression in the skeletal muscle cells by regulating the oxidative stress process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asie Sadeghi
- Student Research Committee, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Maryam Shabani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Meshkani
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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17
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Liu D, Wu H, Wang C, Li Y, Tian H, Siraj S, Sehgal SA, Wang X, Wang J, Shang Y, Jiang Z, Liu L, Chen Q. STING directly activates autophagy to tune the innate immune response. Cell Death Differ 2018; 26:1735-1749. [PMID: 30568238 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0251-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
STING (stimulator of interferon genes) is a central molecule that binds to cyclic dinucleotides produced by the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) to activate innate immunity against microbial infection. Here we report that STING harbors classic LC-3 interacting regions (LIRs) and mediates autophagy through its direct interaction with LC3. We observed that poly(dA:dT), cGAMP, and HSV-1 induced STING-dependent autophagy and degradation of STING immediately after TBK1 activation. STING induces non-canonical autophagy that is dependent on ATG5, whereas other autophagy regulators such as Beclin1, Atg9a, ULK1, and p62 are dispensable. LIR mutants of STING abolished its interaction with LC3 and its activation of autophagy. Also, mutants that abolish STING dimerization and cGAMP-binding diminished the STING-LC3 interaction and subsequent autophagy, suggesting that STING activation is indispensable for autophagy induction. Our results thus uncover dual functions of STING in activating the immune response and autophagy, and suggest that STING is involved in ensuring a measured innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenguang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huabin Tian
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sami Siraj
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Arslan Sehgal
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingli Shang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Zhengfan Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.
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