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Bai Z, Zhou Y, Peng Y, Ye X, Ma L. Perspectives and mechanisms for targeting mitotic catastrophe in cancer treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188965. [PMID: 37625527 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Mitotic catastrophe is distinct from other cell death modes due to unique nuclear alterations characterized as multi and/or micronucleation. Mitotic catastrophe is a common and virtually unavoidable consequence during cancer therapy. However, a comprehensive understanding of mitotic catastrophe remains lacking. Herein, we summarize the anticancer drugs that induce mitotic catastrophe, including microtubule-targeting agents, spindle assembly checkpoint kinase inhibitors, DNA damage agents and DNA damage response inhibitors. Based on the relationships between mitotic catastrophe and other cell death modes, we thoroughly evaluated the roles played by mitotic catastrophe in cancer treatment as well as its advantages and disadvantages. Some strategies for overcoming its shortcomings while fully utilizing its advantages are summarized and proposed in this review. We also review how mitotic catastrophe regulates cancer immunotherapy. These summarized findings suggest that the induction of mitotic catastrophe can serve as a promising new therapeutic approach for overcoming apoptosis resistance and strengthening cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoshi Bai
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital & Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research & the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
| | - Yiran Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Rui Jin Hospital, Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases, School of Medicine, Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yaling Peng
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Xinyue Ye
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China
| | - Lingman Ma
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, China.
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Zhao G, Ma X, Sun D. The Mechanism of Nano-Particles Intervening Invasion and Metastasis of Lymphoma Based on Autophagy Targeted with miR-36b and Orienteering Analysis on Apoptosis Gene. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2021.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Whether the expression of gene P53 related with autophagy and apoptosis and action was regulated by miR-36b was discussed in our study. And the action of orienteering nano-particles on intervening invasion and metastasis of lymphoma was analyzed. The normal lymphoid tissue collected
from the patients with simple lymphatic hyperplasia was set as control. The lymphoma samples from patients with early indolent lymphoma were collected. The level of mRNA in miR-36b and P53 was detected by PCR. The level of P53 protein and level of mRNA in miR-36b and P53 among normal lymphoid
cell, cell strain of low metastatic lymphoma and cell strain of high metastatic lymphoma was compared. They were divided into four groups: miR-NC group, orienteering nano-particles’ group, siRNA-NC group and siRNA-P53 group. The cell proliferative capacity was detected by FCM. The quantity
of cell invasion and metastasis was detected by transwell. The expression quantity of P53 mRNA in lymphoma tissue was increased obviously compared with control group. The expression of miR-36b was lower while the expression of P53 was higher along with the later staging of TNM. And the express
was related with the staging of TNM. The expression quantity of P53 mRNA in lymphoma cell was higher in normal cell notably. But expression quantity of miR-36b in lymphoma cell was lower in normal cell notably. The decreased of expression of miR-36b and increased of expression of P53 was related
with enhancing the ability of invasion and metastasis of lymphoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guihua Zhao
- Department of Surgical Nursing, Qinghai Institute of Health Sciences, Xining, 810000, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- Department of Surgical Nursing, Qinghai Institute of Health Sciences, Xining, 810000, Qinghai, China
| | - Dejun Sun
- Department of Surgical Nursing, Qinghai Institute of Health Sciences, Xining, 810000, Qinghai, China
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Activation of MEK1/2/Nrf-2 Signaling Pathway by Epstein-Barr Virus-Latent Membrane Protein 1 Enhances Autophagy and Cisplatin Resistance in T-Cell Lymphoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2021:6668947. [PMID: 34239803 PMCID: PMC8235988 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6668947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus-latent membrane protein 1 (EBV-LMP1) was associated with lymphoma, but its specific mechanism is still controversial. The study is aimed at studying the regulation of lymphoma resistance by EBV-LMP1 through the MEK1/2/Nrf-2 signaling pathway. First, LMP1 was knocked down in EBV-positive SNK-6 cells and overexpressed in EBV-negative KHYG-1 cells. First, we found that overexpression of LMP1 significantly promoted the resistance of KHYG-1 cells to cisplatin (DDP), which was related to increased autophagy in the cells. In contrast, knockdown of LMP1 expression in SNK-6 cells promoted cellular sensitivity to DDP and reduced the autophagy of cells after DDP treatment. Moreover, specific inhibition of autophagy in KHYG-1 cells significantly attenuated the resistance to DDP caused by overexpression of LMP1, but treatment with rapamycin in SNK-6 cells significantly promoted the autophagy in the cells. Subsequently, overexpression of LMP1 promoted the activation of the MEK1/2-Nrf2 pathway in KYHG-1 cells, whereas knockdown of LMP1 in SNK-6 cells inhibited the activation of the MEK1/2-Nrf2 pathway. Inhibition of MEK1/2/Nrf-2 blocked the promoting effects of LMP1 on lymphoma cell resistance. In conclusion, EBV-LMP1 promotes cell autophagy after DDP treatment by activating the MEK1/2/Nrf-2 signaling pathway in lymphoma cells, thus, enhancing the resistance of lymphoma cells to DDP.
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Xing J, Yang J, Gu Y, Yi J. Research update on the anticancer effects of buparlisib. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:266. [PMID: 33717263 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Buparlisib is a highly efficient and selective PI3K inhibitor and a member of the 2,6-dimorpholinopyrimidine-derived family of compounds. It selectively inhibits four isomers of PI3K, PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, PI3Kγ and PI3Kδ, by competitively binding the lipid kinase domain on adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), and serves an important role in inhibiting proliferation, promoting apoptosis and blocking angiogenesis, predominantly by antagonizing the PI3K/AKT pathway. Buparlisib has been confirmed to have a clinical effect in patients with solid tumors and hematological malignancies. A global, phase II clinical trial with buparlisib and paclitaxel in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has now been completed, with a manageable safety profile. Buparlisib currently has fast-track status with the United States Food and Drug Administration. The present review examined the biochemical structure, pharmacokinetic characteristics, preclinical data and ongoing clinical studies of buparlisib. The various mechanisms of influence of buparlisib in tumors, particularly in preclinical research, were summarized, providing a theoretical basis and direction for basic research on and clinical treatment with buparlisib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshan Xing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yingjiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jingyan Yi
- Department of Medical Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Li P, Shi Y, Zhao B, Xu W, Xu Z, Zhang J, Guo Z, Bi Y, Wang T, Qin Y, Wang T. Pharmacological evaluation and mechanistic study of compound Xishu Granule in hepatocellular carcinoma. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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Yuan B, Hao J, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Zhu Y. Role of Bcl-2 on drug resistance in breast cancer polyploidy-induced spindle poisons. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:1701-1710. [PMID: 32194662 PMCID: PMC7039128 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindle poisons are chemotherapeutic drugs used in the treatment of malignant tumors; however, numerous patients develop resistance following chemotherapy. The present study aimed to induce polyploidy in breast cancer cells using the spindle poison nocodazole to investigate the mechanism of polyploid-induced tumor resistance. It was revealed that the spindle poison nocodazole induced apoptosis in HCC1806 cells but also induced polyploidy in MDA-MB-231 cells. The drug sensitivities of the polyploid MDA-MB-231 cells to paclitaxel, docetaxel, epirubicin, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin were lower than those of the original tumor cells; however, the polyploid MDA-MB-231 cells were more sensitive to etoposide than the original tumor cells. The expression of F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 (FBW7) was decreased, while the expression of MCL1 apoptosis regulator BCL2 family member (MCL-1) and Bcl-2 was increased, and caspase-3/9 and Bax were not expressed in MDA-MB-231 cells. The resistance to docetaxel and etoposide was reversed, but the sensitivity of paclitaxel was not changed following Bcl-2 silencing. The formation of polyploidy in tumors may be one of the molecular mechanisms underlying tumor resistance to spindle poisons. Expression of the Bcl-2 family members, for example FBW7 and MCL-1, plays a key role in apoptosis and the cell escape process that forms polyploid cells. However, Bcl-2 silencing has different reversal effects on different anti-tumor drugs, which requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibo Yuan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, P.R. China
| | - Juan Hao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Jinghai Hospital, Tianjin 301600, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, P.R. China
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Li H, Hu P, Wang Z, Wang H, Yu X, Wang X, Qing Y, Zhu M, Xu J, Li Z, Guo Q, Hui H. Mitotic catastrophe and p53-dependent senescence induction in T-cell malignancies exposed to nonlethal dosage of GL-V9. Arch Toxicol 2019; 94:305-323. [DOI: 10.1007/s00204-019-02623-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Kim JH, Kim WS, Park C. Interleukin-6 mediates resistance to PI3K-pathway-targeted therapy in lymphoma. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:936. [PMID: 31601188 PMCID: PMC6785854 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is associated with poor prognosis of hematologic malignancies, providing a strong rationale for the use of PI3K inhibitors in the treatment of malignant lymphoma. However, development of resistance limits the use of PI3K inhibitors in lymphoma patients. Methods We established copanlisib (pan-PI3K inhibitor)-resistant B-cell lymphoma and duvelisib (PI3Kδ and -γ inhibitor)-resistant T-cell lymphoma cell lines. The cytokine array and the phospho-kinase array were used to identify up-regulated proteins in the resistant cells. Cytokine expression and phospho-kinase levels were examined by ELISA and Western blot analysis, respectively. Cell proliferation capabilities were measured by using CCK-8 kit and colony formation assay. The effects of inhibitors on apoptosis were detected using an Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit and a flow cytometry system. The underlying mechanisms were studied by transfecting recombinant plasmids or siRNA into lymphoma cell lines. Cells were transiently transfected using the Amaxa electroporation system. We evaluated the effects of PI3K inhibitor alone and in combination with JAK inhibitor (BSK805) on lymphoma proliferation and signaling pathway activation. Results Cytokine arrays revealed upregulation of interleukin (IL)-6 in both copanlisib- and duvelisib-resistant cell lines. Phosphorylated STAT5, AKT, p70S6K and MAPK were increased in copanlisib-resistant B-cell lymphoma cells, whereas phosphorylated STAT3 and NF-κB were increased in duvelisib-resistant T cell lymphoma cells. Conversely, depletion of IL-6 sensitized both resistant cell lines, and led to downregulation of phosphorylated STAT3 and STAT5 in copanlisib- and duvelisib-resistant cells, respectively. Moreover, combined treatment with a JAK inhibitor (BSK805) and a PI3K inhibitor circumvented the acquired resistance to PI3K inhibitors in lymphoma, and concurrent inhibition of the activated pathways produced combined effects. Conclusions IL-6–induced STAT3 or STAT5 activation is a critical mechanism underlying PI3K inhibitor resistance in lymphoma, supporting the utility of IL-6 as an effective biomarker to predict therapeutic response to PI3K inhibitors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-6057-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Korea. .,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
| | - Chaehwa Park
- Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Korea.
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Han Y, Qu YQ, Mok SWF, Chen J, Xia CL, He HQ, Li Z, Zhang W, Qiu CL, Liu L, Law BYK, Wong VKW. A Novel Drug Resistance Mechanism: Genetic Loss of Xeroderma Pigmentosum Complementation Group C ( XPC) Enhances Glycolysis-Mediated Drug Resistance in DLD-1 Colon Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:912. [PMID: 31551763 PMCID: PMC6746939 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The pro-apoptotic proteins BAX and BAK are critical regulatory factors constituting the apoptosis machinery. Downregulated expression of BAX and BAK in human colorectal cancer lead to chemotherapeutic failure and poor survival rate in patients. In this study, isogenic DLD-1 colon cancer cells and the BAX and BAK double knockout counterpart were used as the cellular model to investigate the role of BAX/BAK-associated signaling network and the corresponding downstream effects in the development of drug resistance. Our data suggested that DLD-1 colon cancer cells with BAX/BAK double-knockout were selectively resistant to a panel of FDA-approved drugs (27 out of 66), including etoposide. PCR array analysis for the transcriptional profiling of genes related to human cancer drug resistance validated the altered level of 12 genes (3 upregulated and 9 downregulated) in DLD-1 colon cancer cells lack of BAX and BAK expression. Amongst these genes, XPC responsible for DNA repairment and cellular respiration demonstrated the highest tolerance towards etoposide treatment accompanying upregulated glycolysis as revealed by metabolic stress assay in DLD-1 colon cancer cells deficient with XPC. Collectively, our findings provide insight into the search of novel therapeutic strategies and pharmacological targets to against cancer drug resistance genetically associated with BAX, BAK, and XPC, for improving the therapy of colorectal cancer via the glycolytic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yuan Qing Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Simon Wing Fai Mok
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Juan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Lai Xia
- Foshan Maternal and Child Health Research Institute, Foshan Women and Children's Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Foshan, China
| | - Hu Qiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Cong Ling Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Betty Yuen Kwan Law
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Vincent Kam Wai Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
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Cozzolino I, Giudice V, Mignogna C, Selleri C, Caputo A, Zeppa P. Lymph node fine-needle cytology in the era of personalised medicine. Is there a role? Cytopathology 2019; 30:348-362. [PMID: 31004534 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 2016 World Health Organisation revised classification of lymphoma has sub-classified well-defined entities and added a number of provisional entities on the basis of new knowledge on genetic, epigenetics and phenotypical data; prognostic and predictive features are also part of this classification. New knowledge on well-defined entities further enlightens the mechanisms of lymphomagenesis, which are more complex and multifactorial than once believed. Therapies are also more complex because traditional clinical trials have been integrated with new drugs and compounds with unique mechanisms of actions against distinct molecular targets. As lymphoma acquires additional genetic and phenotypic features over the time, pathological assessment is also necessary. Histological evaluation and tissue collection by surgical biopsies are necessary for phenotypical and molecular purposes; however, these are demanding procedures for both the patient and the health care system. At the same time, the choice of the best treatment for a specific entity, in different phases and different patients requires information that may not be available when the biopsy is performed. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is successfully used in lymph nodes (LNs) in combination with different ancillary techniques and might be used to assess the phenotypic and genetic profile of specific targets and to get key information for therapy, in different phases and stages of the disease, with the option to re-check the same target over time, without surgical excision. This brief review describes LN-FNAC diagnostic criteria, current therapies for lymphomas and the potential role of LN-FNAC in selecting non-Hodgkin lymphomas patients for specific targeted treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Immacolata Cozzolino
- Pathology Unit, Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
| | - Valentina Giudice
- Medicine and Surgery, Universita degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Campania, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, Universita' degli Studi "Magna Graecia" Catanzaro (IT), Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Chiara Mignogna
- Department of Health Sciences, Universita' degli Studi "Magna Graecia" Catanzaro (IT), Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmine Selleri
- Medicine and Surgery, Universita degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Campania, Italy
| | - Alessandro Caputo
- Medicine and Surgery, Universita degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Campania, Italy
| | - Pio Zeppa
- Medicine and Surgery, Universita degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Campania, Italy
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De Martino D, Yilmaz E, Orlacchio A, Ranieri M, Zhao K, Di Cristofano A. PI3K blockage synergizes with PLK1 inhibition preventing endoreduplication and enhancing apoptosis in anaplastic thyroid cancer. Cancer Lett 2018; 439:56-65. [PMID: 30243708 PMCID: PMC6195833 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is among the most lethal malignancies. The mitotic kinase PLK1 is overexpressed in the majority of ATCs and PLK1 inhibitors have shown preclinical efficacy. However, they also cause mitotic slippage and endoreduplication, leading to the generation of tetraploid, genetically unstable cell populations. We hypothesized that PI3K activity may facilitate mitotic slippage upon PLK1 inhibition, and thus tested the effect of combining PLK1 and PI3K inhibitors in ATC models, in vitro and in vivo. Treatment with BI6727 and BKM120 resulted in a significant synergistic effect in ATC cells, independent of the levels of AKT activity. Combination of the two drugs enhanced growth suppression at doses for which the single drugs showed no effect, and led to a massive reduction of the tetraploid cells population. Furthermore, combined treatment in PI3Khigh cell lines showed a significant induction of apoptosis. Finally, combined inhibition of PI3K and PLK1 was extremely effective in vivo, in an immunocompetent allograft model of ATC. Our results demonstrate a clear therapeutic potential of combining PLK1 and PI3K inhibitors in anaplastic thyroid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela De Martino
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Emrullah Yilmaz
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Arturo Orlacchio
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Michela Ranieri
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Antonio Di Cristofano
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
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