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Chen T, Li S, Deng D, Zhang W, Zhang J, Shen Z. Key role of interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) in regulating liver disease: progress and outlook. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:451-470. [PMID: 38910492 PMCID: PMC11199090 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF-1) is a member of the IRF family. It is the first transcription factor to be identified that could bind to the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE) on the target gene and displays crucial roles in the interferon-induced signals and pathways. IRF-1, as an important medium, has all of the advantages of full cell cycle regulation, cell death signaling transduction, and reinforcing immune surveillance, which are well documented. Current studies indicate that IRF-1 is of vital importance to the occurrence and evolution of multifarious liver diseases, including but not limited to inhibiting the replication of the hepatitis virus (A/B/C/E), alleviating the progression of liver fibrosis, and aggravating hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI). The tumor suppression of IRF-1 is related to the clinical characteristics of liver cancer patients, which makes it a potential indicator for predicting the prognosis and recurrence of liver cancer; additionally, the latest studies have revealed other effects of IRF-1 such as protection against alcoholic/non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD/NAFLD), cholangiocarcinoma suppression, and uncommon traits in other liver diseases that had previously received little attention. Intriguingly, several compounds and drugs have featured a protective function in specific liver disease models in which there is significant involvement of the IRF-1 signal. In this paper, we hope to propose a prospective research basis upon which to help decipher translational medicine applications of IRF-1 in liver disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Shipeng Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Dewen Deng
- First Central Clinical School, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300192, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Weiye Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Organ Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Zhongyang Shen
- Department of Organ Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China.
- Research Institute of Transplant Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300192, China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplant, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin 300192, China.
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Yamada S, Morine Y, Ikemoto T, Saito Y, Miyazaki K, Shimizu M, Tsuneyama K, Shimada M. Inhibitory effect of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis on colon cancer liver metastasis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2023; 49:410-415. [PMID: 36371329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The incidence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is dramatically increasing, but the effect of NASH on colon cancer liver metastasis (CLM) is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact and mechanism of action of NASH on CLM using a western diet (WD)-fed mouse model. METHODS Six-week-old male C57BL/6 J mice were used. They were divided into the WD group and control group with normal diet. MC38 colon cancer cells were injected into the spleen at 2, 6, 8 and 16 weeks, and mice were killed at 2 weeks after injection to evaluate hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, metastasis and mRNA/protein expression in the liver. RESULTS Only mice fed a WD for 16 weeks showed hepatic fibrosis. These mice showed significantly higher alanine aminotransferase and total cholesterol levels compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The WD group showed significantly lower tumor number and smaller tumor diameter (p < 0.05). In the WD group, expression of SAA1, IL6, STAT3 and MMP9 mRNA in the liver was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). Serum amyloid A1 protein expression was also lower in the WD group. CONCLUSIONS The WD-fed NASH mouse model showed an inhibitory effect on CLM. Suppressed interleukin-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling and serum amyloid A/matrix metalloproteinase 9 expression may affect this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ikemoto
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Yu Saito
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | | | - Mayuko Shimizu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Koichi Tsuneyama
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
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Möller K, Safai Zadeh E, Görg C, Dong Y, Cui XW, Faiss S, Dietrich CF. Prevalence of benign focal liver lesions and non-hepatocellular carcinoma malignant lesions in liver cirrhosis. ZEITSCHRIFT FÜR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2022; 61:526-535. [PMID: 36413993 DOI: 10.1055/a-1890-5818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractLiver cirrhosis is associated with an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, other benign and malignant liver lesions may co-exist or may be the only focal liver lesion (FLL) detected. Compared to HCC, comparatively little is known about the frequency and natural history of benign FLL in patients with established liver cirrhosis.This review analyses the prevalence and frequency of benign and malignant FLL others than hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in liver cirrhosis including imaging and autopsy studies. Understanding these data should be helpful in avoiding misdiagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehsan Safai Zadeh
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Infectiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Christian Görg
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Ultrasound Diagnostics, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Infectiology, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Yi Dong
- Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Wu Cui
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Christoph F. Dietrich
- Allgemeine Innere Medizin (DAIM) Kliniken Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Kliniken Hirslanden Beau Site, Salem und Permanence, Bern, Switzerland
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Lin YC, Chen TH, Huang YM, Wei PL, Lin JC. Involvement of microRNA in Solid Cancer: Role and Regulatory Mechanisms. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040343. [PMID: 33805515 PMCID: PMC8065716 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) function as the post-transcriptional factor that finetunes the gene expression by targeting to the specific candidate. Mis-regulated expression of miRNAs consequently disturbs gene expression profile, which serves as the pivotal mechanism involved in initiation or progression of human malignancy. Cancer-relevant miRNA is potentially considered the therapeutic target or biomarker toward the precise treatment of cancer. Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanism underlying the altered expression of miRNA in cancer is largely uncovered. Detailed knowledge regarding the influence of miRNAs on solid cancer is critical for exploring its potential of clinical application. Herein, we elucidate the regulatory mechanism regarding how miRNA expression is manipulated and its impact on the pathogenesis of distinct solid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Chin Lin
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
| | - Tso-Hsiao Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Min Huang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Po-Li Wei
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Translational Laboratory, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-L.W.); (J.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3330) (J.-C.L.)
| | - Jung-Chun Lin
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Pulmonary Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (P.-L.W.); (J.-C.L.); Tel.: +886-2-2736-1661 (ext. 3330) (J.-C.L.)
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Mahdi Z, Ettel MG, Gonzalez RS, Hart J, Alpert L, Fang J, Liu N, Hammer ST, Panarelli N, Cheng J, Greenson JK, Swanson PE, Westerhoff M. Metastases can occur in cirrhotic livers with patent portal veins. Diagn Pathol 2021; 16:18. [PMID: 33639984 PMCID: PMC7913426 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01076-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Metastases are common in non-cirrhotic livers but are considered unlikely in the setting of cirrhosis. However, the degree of fibrosis in cirrhosis may vary; thus metastases may still access the liver vasculature and present as a mass in cirrhotic livers. This possibility may affect pathologists’ diagnostic algorithms when faced with a liver mass biopsy. Methods We hypothesized that metastases can occur in cirrhotic livers if fibrous remodeling is not severe or abnormal veno-arterial shunting exists to override an obstructed portal system. We searched departmental archives for cirrhotic livers with masses, categorizing fibrosis by Laennec staging: 4A = mild cirrhosis, 4B = moderate, 4 C = severe. Results Of 1453 cirrhotic livers with masses, 1429 were primary tumors and 24 were metastases (1.7 %). Of livers with metastases, most had 4A or 4B cirrhosis by Laennec staging (n = 17; 71 %). Eleven patients were evaluated by ultrasound Doppler; 2 of 5 with Laennec 4 C had reversal of portal vein flow, but all 4A & 4B patients had patent portal veins without reversed flow. Echocardiograms (13 patients) showed no ventricular or atrial septal defects or arteriovenous shunts. Conclusions Metastases are uncommon in cirrhotic livers, accounting for 1.7 % of masses. Most involved livers had mild or moderate cirrhosis (Laennec 4A/4B) and patent portal veins; however, as some Laennec 4 C cases also contained metastases, obstructed portal access may not be enough to deter metastatic access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Mahdi
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark G Ettel
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Raul S Gonzalez
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconness Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Hart
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lindsay Alpert
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiayun Fang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Faculty Suite Rm. 36-1221-65 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 35, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Natalia Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Faculty Suite Rm. 36-1221-65 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 35, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Suntrea T Hammer
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Nicole Panarelli
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Jerome Cheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Faculty Suite Rm. 36-1221-65 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 35, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Joel K Greenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Faculty Suite Rm. 36-1221-65 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 35, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paul E Swanson
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria Westerhoff
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Faculty Suite Rm. 36-1221-65 2800 Plymouth Rd, Building 35, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Maminezhad H, Ghanadian S, Pakravan K, Razmara E, Rouhollah F, Mossahebi-Mohammadi M, Babashah S. A panel of six-circulating miRNA signature in serum and its potential diagnostic value in colorectal cancer. Life Sci 2020; 258:118226. [PMID: 32771555 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers throughout the world. Circulating serum-derived microRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) can be used as non-invasive biomarkers for CRC diagnosis. This study aimed to identify a panel of six serum exosomal miRNAs as novel diagnostic biomarkers for CRC. MAIN METHODS Exosomes were isolated and characterized from the conditioned media of the human colon adenocarcinoma cells (HCT-116 and Caco2). Sera were isolated from peripheral blood of 45 CRC and also 45 healthy individuals. The expression levels and diagnostic value of candidate circulating miRNAs (miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-150, miR-143, miR-145, and let-7a) were measured through quantitative real-time PCR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were applied to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of selected miRNAs. The association of candidate miRNAs and clinicopathological characteristics e.g. tumor node metastasis (TNM) staging and lymph node metastasis (LNM) were further evaluated. KEY FINDINGS Circulating serum miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-150, and let-7a were significantly up-regulated in CRC patients, while miR-143 and miR-145 showed a significant down-regulation. The higher levels of miR-143 and miR-145 in patients with TNM stage I-II were detected, whereas miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-150, and let-7a were highly expressed in TNM stage III. The expression levels of miR-19a, miR-20a, and miR-150 were positively correlated with LNM status, while the expression levels of miR-143 and miR-145 were lower in patients with LNM. Area under the ROC curves of miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-150, miR-143, miR-145, and let-7a were 0.87, 0.83, 0.75, 0.76, 0.78 and 0.71, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE We established a panel of six-circulating miRNA signature (i.e. miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-143, miR-145, miR-150, and let-7a) in serum as a non-invasive biomarker for CRC diagnosis. These findings confirm that serum-derived miRNAs have a strong potential to be a diagnostic biomarker for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Maminezhad
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sharareh Ghanadian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoon Pakravan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Razmara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rouhollah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Mossahebi-Mohammadi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and International Collaborative Center on Growth Factor Research, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang L, Sun Y, Yi M, Zhao W, Yuan X. IEO model: A novel concept describing the complete metastatic process in the liver microenvironment. Oncol Lett 2020; 19:3627-3633. [PMID: 32391088 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a characteristic behavior of malignant tumor cells. It is determined by the mutual interaction between primary tumor cells and the state of the microenvironment at sites of metastasis, particularly the liver, bone, lungs and brain. In the present review, a novel pattern is defined and termed the IEO model (prI-, prE- and pOst-metastatic niche), for the hepatic metastatic microenvironment which characterizes the complete metastatic process. In the IEO model, the components of the hepatic metastatic niche, including the extracellular matrix, hepatocytes, mesenchymal cells, Kupffer cells, hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells and immunocytes are continually remodelled by tumor cells to form various microenvironments during different stages of hepatic metastasis. The IEO model explains the plasticity of the hepatic microenvironment and provides novel insights into the role of different stages of the metastatic niche. This novel concept may provide a basis for advances in theoretical cancer research and for improvements in the complete course management of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yinan Sun
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Minxiao Yi
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Weiheng Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xianglin Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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MIR17HG-miR-18a/19a axis, regulated by interferon regulatory factor-1, promotes gastric cancer metastasis via Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:454. [PMID: 31186404 PMCID: PMC6560107 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
MIR17HG, located on chromosome 13, is a class of Pri-miRNAs that generates six miRNAs: miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-19b-1 and miR-92-1. These miRNAs are ubiquitously overexpressed in diverse tumour types and exhibit complex biological links to tumour metastasis. We demonstrated that MIR17HG-derived miR-18a and miR-19a coordinately mediate gastric cancer cell metastasis by directly inhibiting SMAD2 expression and upregulating Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Based on previous studies, we hypothesised that an investigation of MIR17HG inhibition would be beneficial to clinical gastric cancer treatment, and systematically coupled bioinformatics analyses brought interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) to our attention. We then established stable clones in gastric cancer cells containing a doxycycline-inducible IRF-1 expression system and found that the expression of IRF-1 downregulates the embedded miRNAs of MIR17HG in gastric cancer cells and inhibits gastric cancer cell metastasis by attenuating Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Further rescue assays confirmed the crucial roles of miR-18a and miR-19a in the IRF-1-mediated inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. We also demonstrated that IRF-1 binds to the transcriptional site in the MIR17HG promoter and inhibits MIR17HG expression. Moreover, IFN-γ induced the IRF-1-mediated downregulation of MIR17HG in gastric cancer cells. Our hypothesis was supported by the results of immunohistochemistry analyses of clinical gastric cancer samples, and we also demonstrated the role of IRF-1 in inhibiting MIR17HG expression and tumour metastasis in vivo. We conclude that IRF-1 inhibits gastric cancer metastasis by downregulating MIR17HG-miR-18a/miR-19a axis expression and attenuating Wnt/β-catenin signalling.
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Jiang L, Liu JY, Shi Y, Tang B, He T, Liu JJ, Fan JY, Wu B, Xu XH, Zhao YL, Qian F, Cui YH, Yu PW. MTMR2 promotes invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer via inactivating IFNγ/STAT1 signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:206. [PMID: 31113461 PMCID: PMC6528261 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1186-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background The aberrant expression of myotubularin-related protein 2 (MTMR2) has been found in some cancers, but little is known about the roles and clinical relevance. The present study aimed to investigate the roles and clinical relevance of MTMR2 as well as the underlying mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC). Methods MTMR2 expression was examined in 295 GC samples by using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The correlation between MTMR2 expression and clinicopathological features and outcomes of the patients was analyzed. The roles of MTMR2 in regulating the invasive and metastatic capabilities of GC cells were observed using gain-and loss-of-function assays both in vitro and in vivo. The pathways involved in MTMR2-regulating invasion and metastasis were selected and identified by using mRNA expression profiling. Functions and underlying mechanisms of MTMR2-mediated invasion and metastasis were further investigated in a series of in vitro studies. Results MTMR2 was highly expressed in human GC tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues and its expression levels were significantly correlated with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage. Patients with MTMR2high had significantly shorter lifespan than those with MTMR2low. Cox regression analysis showed that MTMR2 was an independent prognostic indicator for GC patients. Knockdown of MTMR2 significantly reduced migratory and invasive capabilities in vitro and metastases in vivo in GC cells, while overexpressing MTMR2 achieved the opposite results. MTMR2 knockdown and overexpression markedly inhibited and promoted the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), respectively. MTMR2 mediated EMT through the IFNγ/STAT1/IRF1 pathway to promote GC invasion and metastasis. Phosphorylation of STAT1 and IRF1 was increased by MTMR2 knockdown and decreased by MTMR2 overexpression accompanying with ZEB1 down-regulation and up-regulation, respectively. Silencing IRF1 upregulated ZEB1, which induced EMT and consequently enhanced invasion and metastasis in GC cells. Conclusions Our findings suggest that MTMR2 is an important promoter in GC invasion and metastasis by inactivating IFNγ/STAT1 signaling and may act as a new prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target for GC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-019-1186-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Jiang
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Tao He
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jia-Jia Liu
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun-Yan Fan
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xian-Hui Xu
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yong-Liang Zhao
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - You-Hong Cui
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China. .,Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, and Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunopathology of Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Pei-Wu Yu
- Department of General Surgery and Center of Minimal Invasive Gastrointestinal Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30 Gaotanyan Street, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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