1
|
Zeng M, Zhang X, Lv N, Wang L, Suo Y, Gan J, Yang L, Yu B, Jiang X, Zeng W. Sodium Danshensu stabilizes atherosclerotic vulnerable plaques by targeting IKKβ mediated inflammation in macrophages. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115153. [PMID: 37437377 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary cause of acute cardiovascular events with high mortality is the rupture of atherosclerotic plaque followed by thrombosis. Sodium Danshensu (SDSS) has shown potential in inhibiting the inflammatory response in macrophages and preventing early plaque formation in atherosclerotic mice. However, the specific targets and detailed mechanism of action of SDSS are still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the efficacy and mechanism of SDSS in inhibiting inflammation in macrophages and stabilizing vulnerable plaques in atherosclerosis (AS). MATERIALS AND METHODS The efficacy of SDSS in stabilizing vulnerable plaques was demonstrated using various techniques such as ultrasound, Oil Red O staining, HE staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemistry, and lipid analysis in ApoE-/- mice. Subsequently, IKKβ was identified as a potential target of SDSS through protein microarray, network pharmacology analysis, and molecular docking. Additionally, ELISA, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence were employed to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines, IKKβ, and NF-κB pathway-related targets, thereby confirming the mechanism of SDSS in treating AS both in vivo and in vitro. Finally, the impact of SDSS was observed in the presence of an IKKβ-specific inhibitor. RESULTS Initially, the administration of SDSS led to a decrease in the formation and area of aortic plaque, while also stabilizing vulnerable plaques in ApoE-/- mice. Furthermore, it was identified that IKKβ serves as the primary binding target of SDSS. Additionally, both in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrated that SDSS effectively inhibits the NF-κB pathway by targeting IKKβ. Lastly, the combined use of the IKKβ-specific inhibitor IMD-0354 further enhanced the beneficial effects of SDSS. CONCLUSIONS SDSS stabilized vulnerable plaques and suppressed inflammatory responses by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway through its targeting of IKKβ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Nuan Lv
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Luming Wang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Yanrong Suo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jiali Gan
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Wenyun Zeng
- Oncology Department, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Li S, Kong Z, Ma B, Wang H, Han Y, Zhao H, Shi X, Lv P, Yue H, Grässel S, Yin L. Low miR-182-5p Expressing Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells of Subjects With Steroid-Induced Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head Aggravate Disease Progression. J Bone Miner Res 2023; 38:976-993. [PMID: 37155311 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) is a refractory, progressive disease. However, the underlying mechanisms that aggravate femoral head necrosis remain unclear. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) act as molecular carriers in intercellular communication. We hypothesize that EVs derived from human (h) bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) resident in SONFH lesion areas promote the pathogenesis of SONFH. In the present study, we determined the modulatory effects of SONFH-hBMSCs-derived EVs on the pathogenesis of SONFH in vitro and in vivo. We found that the expression of hsa-miR-182-5p was downregulated in SONFH-hBMSCs and EVs isolated from those hBMSCs. After tail vein injection, EVs isolated from hBMSCs transfected with hsa-miR-182-5p inhibitor aggravated femoral head necrosis in the SONFH mouse model. We conclude that miR-182-5p regulates bone turnover in the SONFH mouse model via targeting MYD88 and subsequent upregulation of RUNX2 expression. We further assume that EVs derived from hBMSCs resident in SONFH lesion areas aggravate femoral head necrosis by downregulating miR-182-5p secreted from hBMSC located outside these lesions. We suggest that miR-182-5p could provide a novel target for future therapeutic approaches to treat or prevent SONFH. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiheng Kong
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Baodong Ma
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hongbo Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiangyu Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengju Lv
- Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Han Yue
- Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Susanne Grässel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Experimental Orthopaedics, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB/Biopark 1), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
A Novel Inhibitor INF 39 Promotes Osteogenesis via Blocking the NLRP3/IL-1β Axis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7250578. [PMID: 35872849 PMCID: PMC9300331 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7250578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. A balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts is essential to maintain skeletal integrity, regulating bone metabolism and bone remodeling. The nucleotide binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is known as a cytosolic complex involved in producing proinflammatory cytokines consisting of interleukin- (IL-) 1β, which accelerates the occurrence of osteoporosis. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of a novel NLRP3 inhibitor INF 39 on bone formation and bone resorption. Material and Methods. Cell viability of INF 39-treated osteoclasts and calvarial osteoblasts was tested by CCK-8 assays. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to evaluate gene expression level during osteoblast and osteoclast formation. Western blot analysis was used to determine the effect of INF 39 on osteogenic and osteoclast-related proteins. Result. It was shown that INF 39 promotes osteoblast differentiation via inhibiting NLRP3, thereby reducing the production of IL-1β dependent on NLRP3 in vitro. However, RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation is not influenced by INF 39 in vitro. Conclusion. Our study suggests that NLRP3 could be a new target and INF 39 may be a potential option for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Xie Z, Hou L, Shen S, Wu Y, Wang J, Jie Z, Zhao X, Li X, Zhang X, Chen J, Xu W, Ning L, Ma Q, Wang S, Wang H, Yuan P, Fang X, Qin A, Fan S. Mechanical force promotes dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1-mediated hydrolysis of the metabolite asymmetric dimethylarginine to enhance bone formation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:50. [PMID: 35013196 PMCID: PMC8748781 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27629-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanical force is critical for the development and remodeling of bone. Here we report that mechanical force regulates the production of the metabolite asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) via regulating the hydrolytic enzyme dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (Ddah1) expression in osteoblasts. The presence of -394 4 N del/ins polymorphism of Ddah1 and higher serum ADMA concentration are negatively associated with bone mineral density. Global or osteoblast-specific deletion of Ddah1 leads to increased ADMA level but reduced bone formation. Further molecular study unveils that mechanical stimulation enhances TAZ/SMAD4-induced Ddah1 transcription. Deletion of Ddah1 in osteoblast-lineage cells fails to respond to mechanical stimulus-associated bone formation. Taken together, the study reveals mechanical force is capable of down-regulating ADMA to enhance bone formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziang Xie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Hou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuying Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizheng Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Jie
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangde Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junxin Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Ning
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingliang Ma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haoming Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Putao Yuan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangqian Fang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - An Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shunwu Fan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal System Degeneration and Regeneration Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shi Y, Ye L, Shen S, Qian T, Pan Y, Jiang Y, Lin J, Liu C, Wu Y, Wang X, Xu J, Jin H. Morin attenuates osteoclast formation and function by suppressing the NF-κB, MAPK and calcium signalling pathways. Phytother Res 2021; 35:5694-5707. [PMID: 34423505 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Morin is a natural compound isolated from moraceae family members and has been reported to possess a range of pharmacological activities. However, the effects of morin on bone-associated disorders and the potential mechanism remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-osteoclastogenic effect of morin in vitro and the potential therapeutic effects on ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis in vivo. In vitro, by using a bone marrow macrophage-derived osteoclast culture system, we determined that morin attenuated receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast formation via the inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB and calcium pathways. In addition, the subsequent expression of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) and c-fos was significantly suppressed by morin. In addition, NFATc1 downregulation led to the reduced expression of osteoclastogenesis-related marker genes, such as V-ATPase-d2 and Integrin β3. In vivo, results provided that morin could effectively attenuate OVX-induced bone loss in C57BL/6 mice. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that morin suppressed RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis via the NF-κB, MAPK and calcium pathways, in addition, its function of preventing OVX-induced bone loss in vivo, which suggested that morin may be a potential therapeutic agent for postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Shi
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.,The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shiwei Shen
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Tianchen Qian
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Youjin Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Jiang
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinghao Lin
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chen Liu
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaosen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangyang Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Haiming Jin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Orthopaedics of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
N-[2-(4-Acetyl-1-Piperazinyl)Phenyl]-2-(3-Methylphenoxy)Acetamide (NAPMA) Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation and Protects against Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204855. [PMID: 33096734 PMCID: PMC7587973 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption and are induced in response to the regulatory activity of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL). Excessive osteoclast activity causes pathological bone loss and destruction. Many studies have investigated molecules that specifically inhibit osteoclast activity by blocking RANKL signaling or bone resorption. In recent years, we screened compounds from commercial libraries to identify molecules capable of inhibiting RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation. Consequently, we reported some compounds that are effective at attenuating osteoclast activity. In this study, we found that N-[2-(4-acetyl-1-piperazinyl)phenyl]-2-(3-methylphenoxy)acetamide (NAPMA) significantly inhibited the formation of multinucleated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells from bone marrow-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner, without cytotoxic effects. NAPMA downregulated the expression of osteoclast-specific markers, such as c-Fos, NFATc1, DC-STAMP, cathepsin K, and MMP-9, at the transcript and protein levels. Accordingly, bone resorption and actin ring formation were decreased in response to NAPMA treatment. Furthermore, we demonstrated the protective effect of NAPMA against ovariectomy-induced bone loss using micro-CT and histological analysis. Collectively, the results showed that NAPMA inhibited osteoclast differentiation and attenuated bone resorption. It is thus a potential drug candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis and other bone diseases associated with excessive bone resorption.
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu H, Chen F, Liu T, Xu J, Li J, Jiang L, Wang X, Sheng J. Ellagic acid blocks RANKL-RANK interaction and suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting RANK signaling pathways. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 331:109235. [PMID: 32971123 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Ellagic acid (EA) is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound that has been shown to exhibit diverse beneficial pharmacological activities including anti-osteoclastogenesis effect. However, the molecular mechanism by which EA inhibits osteoclastogenesis remains to be elucidated. The protein-protein interaction between receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-κB ligand (RANKL) and its receptor RANK contributes to osteoclast differentiation and activation in bone remodeling, and is regarded as an important therapeutic target for the treatment of osteoporosis. The current study is focused on investigating whether EA can directly bind to RANKL and/or RANK and block the interaction between RANKL and RANK, thereby inhibiting downstream signaling pathways. Interestingly, we found that EA had strong affinities to RANK and RANKL, with the estimated equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) of 2.485 × 10-11 and 1.688 × 10-9 M, respectively, and could disrupt the interaction between RANKL and RANK, thereby inhibiting RANKL-induced canonical RANK signaling pathways (p65, JNK, ERK, and p38) and expression of downstream master transcriptional factors (NFATc1 and c-Fos) and osteoclast-specific genes and proteins (TRAP, c-Src, and cathepsin K), which could ultimately suppress RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and F-actin ring formation. Taken together, our results revealed that EA could block RANKL-RANK interaction and suppress RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting RANK signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Titi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xuanjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, 650201, China.
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Kunming, 650201, China
| |
Collapse
|