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Hruba L, Das V, Hajduch M, Dzubak P. Nucleoside-based anticancer drugs: Mechanism of action and drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115741. [PMID: 37567317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Nucleoside-based drugs, recognized as purine or pyrimidine analogs, have been potent therapeutic agents since their introduction in 1950, deployed widely in the treatment of diverse diseases such as cancers, myelodysplastic syndromes, multiple sclerosis, and viral infections. These antimetabolites establish complex interactions with cellular molecular constituents, primarily via activation of phosphorylation cascades leading to consequential interactions with nucleic acids. However, the therapeutic efficacy of these agents is frequently compromised by the development of drug resistance, a continually emerging challenge in their clinical application. This comprehensive review explores the mechanisms of resistance to nucleoside-based drugs, encompassing a wide spectrum of phenomena from alterations in membrane transporters and activating kinases to changes in drug elimination strategies and DNA damage repair mechanisms. The critical analysis in this review underlines complex interactions of drug and cell and also guides towards novel therapeutic strategies to counteract resistance. The development of targeted therapies, novel nucleoside analogs, and synergistic drug combinations are promising approaches to restore tumor sensitivity and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Hruba
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viswanath Das
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dzubak
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University in Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, University Hospital, Olomouc 779 00, Czech Republic.
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2
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Tan R, Liu J, Wang J, Zhang W, He M, Zhang Y. Long noncoding RNA SNHG6 silencing sensitized esophageal cancer cells to 5-FU via EZH2/STAT pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5363. [PMID: 37005451 PMCID: PMC10067833 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32607-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy was the main treatment method for esophageal cancer (EC) patients. However, chemotherapy resistance due to multiple factors is a major barrier to EC treatment. For investigating how small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) affected the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance in EC as well as its possible molecular mechanism. This work conducted cell viability assay, clone formation, scratch assays together with cell apoptosis for evaluating the roles of SNHG6 and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2, the histone-lysine N-methyltransferase). Relevant molecular mechanism was identified by RT-qPCR analysis together with Western-blot (WB) assays. Our data showed that SNHG6 expression increased in EC cells. SNHG6 promotes colony formation and migration, whereas suppresses EC cell apoptosis. SNHG6 silencing markedly promoted 5-FU-mediated suppression on KYSE150 and KYSE450 cells. Additional mechanism studies showed that SNHG6 modulating STAT3 and H3K27me3 via promoting EZH2 level. Similar to the function of SNHG6, abnormal expression of EZH2 promotes the malignancy of EC and intensifies its resistance to 5-FU. In addition, overexpression of EZH2 abolished the role of SNHG6 silencing in 5-FU sensitivity in EC cells. SNHG6 overexpression promoted malignancy of EC and increased EC cell resistance to 5-FU. Besides, further molecular mechanism studies provided a novel regulatory pathways that SNHG6 knockdown promoted EC cell sensitivity to 5-FU by modulating STAT3 and H3K27me3 via promoting EZH2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yueli Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
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3
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Evaluation of Tazemetostat as a Therapeutically Relevant Substance in Biliary Tract Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051569. [PMID: 36900361 PMCID: PMC10000745 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is a gastrointestinal malignancy associated with a poor survival rate. Current therapies encompass palliative and chemotherapeutic treatment as well as radiation therapy, which results in a median survival of only one year due to standard therapeutic ineffectiveness or resistance. Tazemetostat is an FDA-approved inhibitor of enhancer of Zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a methyltransferase involved in BTC tumorigenesis via trimethylation of histone 3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3), an epigenetic mark associated with silencing of tumor suppressor genes. Up to now, there are no data available regarding tazemetostat as a possible treatment option against BTC. Therefore, the aim of our study is a first-time investigation of tazemetostat as a potential anti-BTC substance in vitro. In this study, we demonstrate that tazemetostat affects cell viability and the clonogenic growth of BTC cells in a cell line-dependent manner. Furthermore, we found a strong epigenetic effect at low concentrations of tazemetostat, which was independent of the cytotoxic effect. We also observed in one BTC cell line that tazemetostat increases the mRNA levels and protein expression of the tumor suppressor gene Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase 1 (FBP1). Interestingly, the observed cytotoxic and epigenetic effects were independent of the mutation status of EZH2. To conclude, our study shows that tazemetostat is a potential anti-tumorigenic substance in BTC with a strong epigenetic effect.
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4
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Liao Q, Yang J, Ge S, Chai P, Fan J, Jia R. Novel insights into histone lysine methyltransferases in cancer therapy: From epigenetic regulation to selective drugs. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:127-141. [PMID: 36908859 PMCID: PMC9999304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The reversible and precise temporal and spatial regulation of histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) is essential for epigenome homeostasis. The dysregulation of KMTs is associated with tumor initiation, metastasis, chemoresistance, invasiveness, and the immune microenvironment. Therapeutically, their promising effects are being evaluated in diversified preclinical and clinical trials, demonstrating encouraging outcomes in multiple malignancies. In this review, we have updated recent understandings of KMTs' functions and the development of their targeted inhibitors. First, we provide an updated overview of the regulatory roles of several KMT activities in oncogenesis, tumor suppression, and immune regulation. In addition, we summarize the current targeting strategies in different cancer types and multiple ongoing clinical trials of combination therapies with KMT inhibitors. In summary, we endeavor to depict the regulation of KMT-mediated epigenetic landscape and provide potential epigenetic targets in the treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qili Liao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Shengfang Ge
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200001, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200001, China
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Pan R, Yu D, Hu J, Yang X, Wang C, Zhang L, Xue P, Sun J, Zhang X, Cai W. SFMBT1 facilitates colon cancer cell metastasis and drug resistance combined with HMG20A. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:263. [PMID: 35577773 PMCID: PMC9110378 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In colorectal cancer (CRC), the development of reagents that increase sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents could prevent drug resistance and improve patient survival. Scm-like with four malignant brain tumor domains 1 (SFMBT1) is up-regulated in CRC tumor tissues and cells and may be associated with drug resistance. We detected the expression of SFMBT1 in CRC tissue microarrays by immunohistochemistry. The role of SFMBT1 in the migration, proliferation and invasion of CRC or resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was determined using scratch assay, colony formation and Transwell assay. Fluorescence co-localization and immunoprecipitation were used to analyze the correlation between SFMBT1 and high mobility group domain-containing protein 20 A (HMG20A). Xenograft experiments were conducted to investigate the role of SFMBT1 and HMG20A in tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. We found that SFMBT1 is up-regulated in CRC and its expression is further amplified in 5-FU resistance. SFMBT1 drives 5-FU resistance and CRC proliferation, migration and invasion. Correlation analysis shows that SFMBT1 and HMG20A are positively correlated. Mechanistically, fluorescence co-localization and immunoprecipitation assay indicate an interaction between SFMBT1 and HMG20A. Depletion of SFMBT1 down-regulates HMG20A downstream. These results were verified by murine xenograft and lung metastasis models. Our results indicate that the SFMBT1/HMG20A axis could be targeted to increase the resistance of CRC cells to 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijun Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingye Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxing Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Luyang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- Department of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China. .,Institute of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. .,Shanghai Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Shanghai, China.
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6
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Adhikari S, Bhattacharya A, Adhikary S, Singh V, Gadad S, Roy S, Das C. The paradigm of drug resistance in cancer: an epigenetic perspective. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20211812. [PMID: 35438143 PMCID: PMC9069444 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20211812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and acquired resistance towards the conventional therapeutic regimen imposes a significant challenge for the successful management of cancer for decades. In patients with advanced carcinomas, acquisition of drug resistance often leads to tumor recurrence and poor prognosis after the first therapeutic cycle. In this context, cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered as the prime drivers of therapy resistance in cancer due to their 'non-targetable' nature. Drug resistance in cancer is immensely influenced by different properties of CSCs such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a profound expression of drug efflux pump genes, detoxification genes, quiescence, and evasion of apoptosis, has been highlighted in this review article. The crucial epigenetic alterations that are intricately associated with regulating different mechanisms of drug resistance, have been discussed thoroughly. Additionally, special attention is drawn towards the epigenetic mechanisms behind the interaction between the cancer cells and their microenvironment which assists in tumor progression and therapy resistance. Finally, we have provided a cumulative overview of the alternative treatment strategies and epigenome-modifying therapies that show the potential of sensitizing the resistant cells towards the conventional treatment strategies. Thus, this review summarizes the epigenetic and molecular background behind therapy resistance, the prime hindrance of present day anti-cancer therapies, and provides an account of the novel complementary epi-drug-based therapeutic strategies to combat drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Adhikari
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Apoorva Bhattacharya
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Santanu Adhikary
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Vipin Singh
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Shrikanth S. Gadad
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX, U.S.A
- Mays Cancer Center, UT Health San Antonio MD Anderson Cancer Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, U.S.A
| | - Siddhartha Roy
- Structural Biology and Bioinformatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Chandrima Das
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India
- Homi Bhaba National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
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7
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Mousazadeh L, Mousazadeh B, Motaei J, Abbasi F, Esfehani RJ. Preclinical and clinical aspects of using Tazemetostate in human cancers. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1329-1333. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220408121514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Epigenetic drugs are novel drug categories with promising effects in different cancers. Tazemetostate is among the drugs that were recently used in clinical settings, especially in the treatment of specific tumors and lymphomas. There are a growing number of ongoing clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of tazemetostate in different cancers. The present review addressed the available preclinical studies evaluating the combination of tazemetostate and other chemotherapy agents in treating different cancers and summarized the limited clinical evidence available regarding the efficacy of this novel Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) inhibitor in cancer. Based on the available clinical studies, tazemetostate could be considered a safe epigenetic agent with limited adverse events for treating specific types of lymphomas and solid tumors. However, the superiority of using tazemetostate over other chemotherapy agents in patients with cancer as well as using the drug for other clinical conditions including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis needs further investigation. Moreover, the effect of tazemetostate on human germline cells is clearly evaluated as some animal studies demonstrated that the drug can affect germline epigenome suggesting further studies on this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mousazadeh
- Department of Nursing, Kurdistan Technical Institute, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Behzad Mousazadeh
- Department of Medical laboratory science, Kurdistan Technical Institute, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Jamshid Motaei
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Faezeh Abbasi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Reza Jafarzadeh Esfehani
- Blood Borne Infections Research Center, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)- Khorasan Razavi, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Gao T, Yuan D, He B, Gao Y, Liu C, Sun H, Nie J, Wang S, Nie Z. Identification of autophagy related genes in predicting the prognosis and aiding 5- fluorouracil therapy of colorectal cancer. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09033. [PMID: 35284678 PMCID: PMC8904229 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) resistance is the barrier to effective clinical outcomes for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Autophagy was found to be involved in protecting tumor cells from 5-FU. However, the specific role of autophagy-related genes in CRC 5-FU resistance remains unclear. In this study, HSPB8 among 34 differentially expressed ARGs in CRC was identified to be the hub ARGs in 5-FU resistant which was down-regulated in CRC samples when compared with normal samples but up-regulated in CRC samples with relatively higher lymphatic invasion, later stages and poor prognosis of CRC. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that due to the recruitment of CAFs, HSPB8 expression was enhanced in CRC cells so that HSPB8 could act together with its co-chaperone BAG3 in autophagy drived 5-FU resistance. Furthermore, the augmented expression level of HSPB8 was found to be significantly correlated to the immune cell infiltration such as Treg cells, macrophages, monocyte and dendritic cells and so on. Our results suggested CAFs driving HSPB8 induced CRC 5-FU resistance by promoting tumor autophagy would provide a new strategy in seeking potential CRC therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bangshun He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingdong Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caidong Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huilin Sun
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junjie Nie
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shukui Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
- Central Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center on Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenlin Nie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
- Corresponding author.
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Ye Q, Jiang Z, Xie Y, Xu Y, Ye Y, Ma L, Pei L. MY11 exerts antitumor effects through activation of the NF-κB/PUMA signaling pathway in breast cancer. Invest New Drugs 2022; 40:922-933. [PMID: 35759135 PMCID: PMC9395444 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-022-01272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in women worldwide, and the discovery of new effective breast cancer therapies with lower toxicity is still needed. We screened a series of chalcone derivatives and found that MY11 ((E)-1-(2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-(4-piperazinylphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one) had the strongest anti-breast cancer activity. MY11 inhibited the growth of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells by arresting the cell cycle and promoting apoptosis, through regulation of the cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins. PDTC (Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate ammonium), a specific inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway, abolished the inhibitory effect of MY11 treatment. NF-κB has been shown to regulate PUMA-dependent apoptosis. Our in vitro studies demonstrated that MY11 promoted breast cancer cell apoptosis by activating the NF-κB/PUMA/mitochondrial apoptosis pathway (including Bcl-2, Bax, and Caspase-9). MY11 also inhibited tumor growth in an orthotopic breast cancer mouse model by inducing apoptosis through the NF-κB signaling pathway, importantly, with minimal toxicity. In addition, MY11 was found by docking analysis to bind to p65, which might enhance the stability of the p65 protein. Taken together, our findings indicate that MY11 exerts a significant anticancer effect in breast cancer and that it may be a potential candidate for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Ye
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziwei Jiang
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Yiyi Ye
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Lixia Pei
- Institute of Chinese Traditional Surgery, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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10
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Li X, Chen L, Gao Y, Zhang Q, Chang AK, Yang Z, Bi X. Black raspberry anthocyanins increased the antiproliferative effects of 5-Fluorouracil and Celecoxib in colorectal cancer cells and mouse model. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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11
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Xu F, Xiao Z, Fan L, Ruan G, Cheng Y, Tian Y, Chen M, Chen D, Wei Y. RFWD3 Participates in the Occurrence and Development of Colorectal Cancer via E2F1 Transcriptional Regulation of BIRC5. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:675356. [PMID: 34712656 PMCID: PMC8547426 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.675356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common human malignancies. It was reported that the alterations in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathways are emerging as novel targets for treatment across different cancer types including CRC. RFWD3 plays a critical role in replication protein A (RPA)-mediated DNA damage in cancer cells. More importantly, RFWD3 can response to DNA damage by positively regulating p53 stability when the G1 cell cycle checkpoint is activated. However, the functional significance of RFWD3 in CRC has not been reported in the existing documents. Materials and Methods: Here, we revealed high expression of RFWD3 in CRC tissues by IHC analysis and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Besides, overexpression of RFWD3 in CRC cell lines was also confirmed by qRT-PCR and western blot assay. The Celigo cell counting method and wound-healing/transwell migration assay were applied to evaluate CRC cell proliferation and migration. The tumor growth indicators were quantified in nude mice xenografted with shRFWD3 and shCtrl RKO cells. Results: The results indicated that RFWD3 knockdown restricted CRC development in vitro and in vivo. In exploring the downstream mechanism of RFWD3’s action, we found that RFWD3 could transcriptionally activate BIRC5 by interacting with E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1). Accordingly, we identified BIRC5 as a downstream gene of RFWD3 regulating CRC. Subsequent loss- and gain- of function experiments demonstrated that upon overexpressing BIRC5 in RKO cells with down-regulated RFWD3, the inhibitory effects of cell proliferation, migration and colony formation could be reversed, while the capacity of cell apoptosis was ameliorated, suggesting that the effects of RFWD3 depletion was mainly due to BIRC5 suppression. Conclusion: Taken together, this study revealed that RFWD3 participates in the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer via E2F1 transcriptional regulation of BIRC5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhifeng Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Liqin Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guangcong Ruan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yuting Tian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Minjia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Dongfeng Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yanling Wei
- Department of Gastroenterology, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Liu Y, Tu CE, Guo X, Wu C, Gu C, Lai Q, Fang Y, Huang J, Wang Z, Li A, Liu S. Tumor-suppressive function of EZH2 is through inhibiting glutaminase. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:975. [PMID: 34671029 PMCID: PMC8528894 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04212-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumors can use metabolic reprogramming to survive nutrient stress. Epigenetic regulators play a critical role in metabolic adaptation. Here we screened a sgRNA library to identify epigenetic regulators responsible for the vulnerability of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to glucose deprivation and found that more EZH2-knockout cells survived glucose deprivation. Then, we showed that EZH2 expression was significantly downregulated in response to glucose deprivation in a glucose-sensitive CRC cell line, and EZH2-knockdown cells were more resistant to glucose deprivation. Mechanistically, EZH2 deficiency upregulated the expression of glutaminase (GLS) and promoted the production of glutamate, which in turn led to increased synthesis of intracellular glutathione (GSH) and eventually attenuated the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated cell death induced by glucose deprivation. Although EZH2 functioned as an oncogene in cancer progression and EZH2 knockout abolished colorectal cancer development in a mouse model, here we revealed a mechanistic link between EZH2 and metabolic reprogramming via the direct regulation of GLS expression and observed a negative correlation between EZH2 and GLS expression in colorectal cancer tissues. These findings further confirmed the importance of heterogeneity, provided an explanation for the clinical tolerance of cancer cells to EZH2 inhibitors from the perspective of metabolism, and proposed the possibility of combining EZH2 inhibitors and glutamine metabolism inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Cheng-E Tu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xuxue Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Changjie Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Chuncai Gu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiuhua Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuxin Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Junqi Huang
- Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhizhang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Aimin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Side Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Mu J, Sun X, Zhao Z, Sun H, Sun P. BRD9 inhibition promotes PUMA-dependent apoptosis and augments the effect of imatinib in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:962. [PMID: 34667163 PMCID: PMC8526701 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are primarily characterized by activating mutations of tyrosine kinase or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha. Although the revolutionary therapeutic outcomes of imatinib are well known, the long-term benefits of imatinib are still unclear. The effects of BRD9, a recently identified subunit of noncanonical BAF complex (ncBAF) chromatin remodeling complexes, in GISTs are not clear. In the current study, we evaluated the functional role of BRD9 in GIST progression. Our findings demonstrated that the expression of BRD9 was upregulated in GIST tissues. The downregulation or inhibition of BRD9 could significantly reduce cellular proliferation, and facilitates apoptosis in GISTs. BRD9 inhibition could promote PUMA-dependent apoptosis in GISTs and enhance imatinib activity in vitro and in vivo. BRD9 inhibition synergizes with imatinib in GISTs by inducing PUMA upregulation. Mechanism study revealed that BRD9 inhibition promotes PUMA induction via the TUFT1/AKT/GSK-3β/p65 axis. Furthermore, imatinib also upregulates PUMA by targeting AKT/GSK-3β/p65 axis. In conclusion, our results indicated that BRD9 plays a key role in the progression of GISTs. Inhibition of BRD9 is a novel therapeutic strategy in GISTs treated alone or in combination with imatinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Mu
- Department of Gastric and Colorectal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuezeng Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhipeng Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pengda Sun
- Department of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Hernia Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Geng Y, Li L, Liu P, Chen Z, Shen A, Zhang L. TMT-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Identified Proteins and Signaling Pathways Involved in the Response to Xanthatin Treatment in Human HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:887-896. [PMID: 34488591 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210901101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthatin is a plant-derived bioactive sesquiterpene lactone from the Xanthium strumarium L., and it has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine. Recently, many studies have reported that xanthatin has anticancer activity. However, a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism underlying the antitumor effects of xanthatin is still lacking. OBJECTIVE To systematically and comprehensively identify the underlying mechanisms of xanthatin on cancer cells, quantitative proteomic techniques were performed. METHODS Xanthatin induced HT-29 colon cancer cells death was detected by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release cell death assay. Differentially abundant proteins in two groups (control groups and xanthatin treatment groups) of human HT-29 colon cancer cells were identified using tandem mass tag (TMT) quantitative proteomic techniques. All the significant differentially abundant proteins were generally characterized by performing hierarchical clustering, Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analyses and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. We chose Western blot analysis to validate the candidate proteins in the proteomics results. RESULTS A total of 5637 proteins were identified, of which 397 significantly differentially abundant proteins in the groups were quantified. Based on the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses, we found that p53-related signaling played an important role in xanthatin-treated HT-29 colon cancer cells. p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (Puma), Sestrin-2 and p14ARF, which were selected from among p53-related signaling proteins, were further validated, and the results were consistent with the tandem mass tag quantitative proteomic results. CONCLUSION We first investigated the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of xanthatin treatment on HT-29 colon cancer cells using tandem mass tag quantitative proteomic methods and provided a global comprehensive understanding of the antitumor effects of xanthatin. However, it is necessary to further confirm the function of the differentially abundant proteins and the potentially associated signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Geng
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001. China
| | - Lingli Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001. China
| | - Ping Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032. China
| | - Zhaolin Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001. China
| | - Aizong Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230001. China
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Liu L, Li X, Shi Y, Chen H. Long noncoding RNA DLGAP1-AS1 promotes the progression of glioma by regulating the miR-1297/EZH2 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12129-12142. [PMID: 33901010 PMCID: PMC8109124 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulated lncRNAs have been implicated in a plethora of tumors, including glioma. One such oncogenic lncRNAs that has been reported in several cancers is the lncRNA DLGAP1 antisense RNA 1 (DLGAP1-AS1). This study seeks to characterize the expression of DLGAP1-AS1 in glioma tissues, which we found to be raised in both glioma samples and cell lines. Functional experiments revealed that DLGAP1-AS1 promoted in vitro glioma cell invasion, migration and proliferation. DLGAP1-AS1 was found to function as a miR-1297 sponge, based on information from luciferase reporter assays, RNA pull-down assays and publicly available online databases. miR-1297 was in turn found to functionally target EZH2. DLGAP1-AS1 modulated EZH2 expressions through miR-1297 sponging. Glioma progression appears to be supported DLGAP1-AS1 -promoted activation of the miR-1297/EZH2 axis. The components of this axis may function as therapeutic targets for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Xiaojian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
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The Role of Epigenetics in the Progression of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma and the Basis for Future Epigenetic Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092071. [PMID: 33922974 PMCID: PMC8123355 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The accumulated evidence on the role of epigenetic markers of prognosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is reviewed, as well as state of the art on epigenetic treatments for this malignancy. Several epigenetic markers are likely candidates for clinical use, but still have not passed the test of prospective validation. Development of epigenetic therapies, either alone or in combination with tyrosine-kinase inhibitors of immune-checkpoint inhibitors, are still in their infancy. Abstract Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is curable when diagnosed at an early stage, but when disease is non-confined it is the urologic cancer with worst prognosis. Antiangiogenic treatment and immune checkpoint inhibition therapy constitute a very promising combined therapy for advanced and metastatic disease. Many exploratory studies have identified epigenetic markers based on DNA methylation, histone modification, and ncRNA expression that epigenetically regulate gene expression in ccRCC. Additionally, epigenetic modifiers genes have been proposed as promising biomarkers for ccRCC. We review and discuss the current understanding of how epigenetic changes determine the main molecular pathways of ccRCC initiation and progression, and also its clinical implications. Despite the extensive research performed, candidate epigenetic biomarkers are not used in clinical practice for several reasons. However, the accumulated body of evidence of developing epigenetically-based biomarkers will likely allow the identification of ccRCC at a higher risk of progression. That will facilitate the establishment of firmer therapeutic decisions in a changing landscape and also monitor active surveillance in the aging population. What is more, a better knowledge of the activities of chromatin modifiers may serve to develop new therapeutic opportunities. Interesting clinical trials on epigenetic treatments for ccRCC associated with well established antiangiogenic treatments and immune checkpoint inhibitors are revisited.
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