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Bowen CA, Nguyen HM, Lin Y, Bagchi P, Natu A, Espinosa-Garcia C, Werner E, Kumari R, Brandelli AD, Kumar P, Tobin BR, Wood L, Faundez V, Wulff H, Seyfried NT, Rangaraju S. Proximity Labeling Proteomics Reveals Kv1.3 Potassium Channel Immune Interactors in Microglia. Mol Cell Proteomics 2024; 23:100809. [PMID: 38936775 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2024.100809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident immune cells of the brain and regulate its inflammatory state. In neurodegenerative diseases, microglia transition from a homeostatic state to a state referred to as disease-associated microglia (DAM). DAM express higher levels of proinflammatory signaling molecules, like STAT1 and TLR2, and show transitions in mitochondrial activity toward a more glycolytic response. Inhibition of Kv1.3 decreases the proinflammatory signature of DAM, though how Kv1.3 influences the response is unknown. Our goal was to identify the potential proteins interacting with Kv1.3 during transition to DAM. We utilized TurboID, a biotin ligase, fused to Kv1.3 to evaluate potential interacting proteins with Kv1.3 via mass spectrometry in BV-2 microglia following TLR4-mediated activation. Electrophysiology, Western blotting, and flow cytometry were used to evaluate Kv1.3 channel presence and TurboID biotinylation activity. We hypothesized that Kv1.3 contains domain-specific interactors that vary during a TLR4-induced inflammatory response, some of which are dependent on the PDZ-binding domain on the C terminus. We determined that the N terminus of Kv1.3 is responsible for trafficking Kv1.3 to the cell surface and mitochondria (e.g., NUDC, TIMM50). Whereas, the C terminus interacts with immune signaling proteins in a lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response (e.g., STAT1, TLR2, and C3). There are 70 proteins that rely on the C-terminal PDZ-binding domain to interact with Kv1.3 (e.g., ND3, Snx3, and Sun1). Furthermore, we used Kv1.3 blockade to verify functional coupling between Kv1.3 and interferon-mediated STAT1 activation. Overall, we highlight that the Kv1.3 potassium channel functions beyond conducting the outward flux of potassium ions in an inflammatory context and that Kv1.3 modulates the activity of key immune signaling proteins, such as STAT1 and C3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine A Bowen
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hai M Nguyen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Young Lin
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Pritha Bagchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Emory Integrated Proteomics Core, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Aditya Natu
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Erica Werner
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rashmi Kumari
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Prateek Kumar
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brendan R Tobin
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Levi Wood
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Enigneering, and Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Victor Faundez
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Heike Wulff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California - Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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Munaron L, Chinigò G, Scarpellino G, Ruffinatti FA. The fallacy of functional nomenclature in the kingdom of biological multifunctionality: physiological and evolutionary considerations on ion channels. J Physiol 2024; 602:2367-2381. [PMID: 37635695 DOI: 10.1113/jp284422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Living organisms are multiscale complex systems that have evolved high degrees of multifunctionality and redundancy in the structure-function relationship. A number of factors, only in part determined genetically, affect the jobs of proteins. The overall structural organization confers unique molecular properties that provide the potential to perform a pattern of activities, some of which are co-opted by specific environments. The variety of multifunctional proteins is expanding, but most cases are handled individually and according to the still dominant 'one structure-one function' approach, which relies on the attribution of canonical names typically referring to the first task identified for a given protein. The present topical review focuses on the multifunctionality of ion channels as a paradigmatic example. Mounting evidence reports the ability of many ion channels (including members of voltage-dependent, ligand-gated and transient receptor potential families) to exert biological effects independently of their ion conductivity. 'Functionally based' nomenclature (the practice of naming a protein or family of proteins based on a single purpose) is a conceptual bias for three main reasons: (i) it increases the amount of ambiguity, deceiving our understanding of the multiple contributions of biomolecules that is the heart of the complexity; (ii) it is in stark contrast to protein evolution dynamics, largely based on multidomain arrangement; and (iii) it overlooks the crucial role played by the microenvironment in adjusting the actions of cell structures and in tuning protein isoform diversity to accomplish adaptational requirements. Biological information in protein physiology is distributed among different entwined layers working as the primary 'locus' of natural selection and of evolutionary constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Munaron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Chinigò
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giorgia Scarpellino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Soldovieri MV, Ambrosino P, Mosca I, Servettini I, Pietrunti F, Belperio G, Syrbe S, Taglialatela M, Lemke JR. De novo variants in KCNA3 cause developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:365-376. [PMID: 37964487 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Variants in several potassium channel genes, including KCNA1 and KCNA2, cause Developmental and Epileptic Encephalopathies (DEEs). We investigated whether variants in KCNA3, another mammalian homologue of the Drosophila shaker family and encoding for Kv1.3 subunits, can cause DEE. METHODS Genetic analysis of study individuals was performed by routine exome or genome sequencing, usually of parent-offspring trios. Phenotyping was performed via a standard clinical questionnaire. Currents from wild-type and/or mutant Kv1.3 subunits were investigated by whole-cell patch-clamp upon their heterologous expression. RESULTS Fourteen individuals, each carrying a de novo heterozygous missense variant in KCNA3, were identified. Most (12/14; 86%) had DEE with marked speech delay with or without motor delay, intellectual disability, epilepsy, and autism spectrum disorder. Functional analysis of Kv1.3 channels carrying each variant revealed heterogeneous functional changes, ranging from "pure" loss-of-function (LoF) effects due to faster inactivation kinetics, depolarized voltage-dependence of activation, slower activation kinetics, increased current inactivation, reduced or absent currents with or without dominant-negative effects, to "mixed" loss- and gain-of-function (GoF) effects. Compared to controls, Kv1.3 currents in lymphoblasts from 1 of the proband displayed functional changes similar to those observed upon heterologous expression of channels carrying the same variant. The antidepressant drug fluoxetine inhibited with similar potency the currents from wild-type and 1 of the Kv1.3 GoF variant. INTERPRETATION We describe a novel association of de novo missense variants in KCNA3 with a human DEE, and provide evidence that fluoxetine might represent a potential targeted treatment for individuals carrying variants with significant GoF effects. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:365-376.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Ambrosino
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Ilaria Mosca
- Department of Medicine and Health Science "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Ilenio Servettini
- Department of Medicine and Health Science "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Francesca Pietrunti
- Department of Medicine and Health Science "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Giorgio Belperio
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Steffen Syrbe
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Division of Pediatric Epileptology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maurizio Taglialatela
- Department of Neuroscience, Division of Pharmacology, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
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Naima J, Ohta Y. Potassium Ions Decrease Mitochondrial Matrix pH: Implications for ATP Production and Reactive Oxygen Species Generation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1233. [PMID: 38279231 PMCID: PMC10815940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is the most abundant cation in the cytosol and is maintained at high concentrations within the mitochondrial matrix through potassium channels. However, many effects of K+ at such high concentrations on mitochondria and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate these effects and mechanisms by employing fluorescence imaging techniques to distinguish and precisely measure signals inside and outside the mitochondria. We stained the mitochondrial matrix with fluorescent dyes sensitive to K+, pH, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and membrane potential in plasma membrane-permeabilized C6 cells and isolated mitochondria from C6 cells. Fluorescence microscopy facilitated the accurate measurement of fluorescence intensity inside and outside the matrix. Increasing extramitochondrial K+ concentration from 2 mM to 127 mM led to a reduction in matrix pH and a decrease in the generation of highly reactive ROS. In addition, elevated K+ levels electrically polarized the inner membrane of the mitochondria and promoted efficient ATP synthesis via FoF1-ATPase. Introducing protons (H+) into the matrix through phosphate addition led to further mitochondrial polarization, and this effect was more pronounced in the presence of K+. K+ at high concentrations, reaching sub-hundred millimolar levels, increased H+ concentration within the matrix, suppressing ROS generation and boosting ATP synthesis. Although this study does not elucidate the role of specific types of potassium channels in mitochondria, it does suggest that mitochondrial K+ plays a beneficial role in maintaining cellular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshihiro Ohta
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Nakacho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan;
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Dupuy M, Gueguinou M, Potier-Cartereau M, Lézot F, Papin M, Chantôme A, Rédini F, Vandier C, Verrecchia F. SK Ca- and Kv1-type potassium channels and cancer: Promising therapeutic targets? Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 216:115774. [PMID: 37678626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Ion channels are transmembrane structures that allow the passage of ions across cell membranes such as the plasma membrane or the membranes of various organelles like the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus or mitochondria. Aberrant expression of various ion channels has been demonstrated in several tumor cells, leading to the promotion of key functions in tumor development, such as cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. The link between ion channels and these key biological functions that promote tumor development has led to the classification of cancers as oncochannelopathies. Among all ion channels, the most varied and numerous, forming the largest family, are the potassium channels, with over 70 genes encoding them in humans. In this context, this review will provide a non-exhaustive overview of the role of plasma membrane potassium channels in cancer, describing 1) the nomenclature and structure of potassium channels, 2) the role of these channels in the control of biological functions that promotes tumor development such as proliferation, migration and cell death, and 3) the role of two particular classes of potassium channels, the SKCa- and Kv1- type potassium channels in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryne Dupuy
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, F-44000 Nantes, France.
| | | | | | - Frédéric Lézot
- Sorbonne University, INSERM UMR933, Hôpital Trousseau (AP-HP), Paris F-75012, France
| | - Marion Papin
- N2C UMR 1069, University of Tours, INSERM, Tours, France
| | | | - Françoise Rédini
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | | | - Franck Verrecchia
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, F-44000 Nantes, France.
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Liu L, Xu W, Li K, Hu Y, Shen L, Zhang H, Wang Y. Kv1.3 mediates ox-LDL-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation through JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Arch Biochem Biophys 2023; 746:109719. [PMID: 37591369 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2023.109719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Kv1.3 channel has been shown to participate in regulating inflammatory activation, proliferation and apoptosis in several cell types. However, most of those existing studies focused on the ion-conducting properties of Kv1.3 in maintaining the resting potential and regulating Ca2+ influx. The aim of our study was to explore whether the Kv1.3-JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway was involved in oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation. VSMCs from mouse aorta were cultured and treated with ox-LDL (25 μg/mL). The cell counting kit-8 was used to assess cell proliferation, and western blotting was performed to detect expression levels of Kv1.3, JAK2/STAT3, phosphorylated JAK2/STAT3, cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 in treated VSMCs. VSMCs were transfected with Kv1.3 small interfering RNA (Kv1.3-siRNA) or infected with a Kv1.3 lentiviral expression vector (Lv-Kv1.3) and treated with a JAK2 inhibitor LY2784544 to assess the role of Kv1.3 and JAK2/STAT3 signaling in mediating VSMC proliferation induced by ox-LDL. Ox-LDL induced cell proliferation and upregulated the expression of Kv1.3 in mouse VSMCs. In VSMCs transfected with Kv1.3-siRNA, ox-LDL was not efficient in inducing cell proliferation or the levels of proliferation associated proteins, cyclin B1 and cyclin D1. However, cell proliferation, cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 levels increased in VSMCs infected with Lv-Kv1.3. Levels of phosphorylated JAK2 and STAT3 were increased in ox-LDL-treated VSMCs, and this increase was prevented in VSMCs transfected with Kv1.3-siRNA. Treatment with the JAK2 inhibitor LY2784544 also prevented the increase in VSMCs proliferation treated with ox-LDL. Our findings demonstrated that Kv1.3 promoted proliferation of VSMCs treated with ox-LDL, and that this effect might be mediated through activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Liu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Kaiwen Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Yanyan Hu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China; Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics of Shandong Province, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Ji'nan, 250012, China.
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Paul A, Chumbale SS, Lakra A, Kumar V, Alhat DS, Singh S. Insights into Leishmania donovani potassium channel family and their biological functions. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:266. [PMID: 37425093 PMCID: PMC10326225 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania donovani is the causative organism for visceral leishmaniasis. Although this parasite was discovered over a century ago, nothing is known about role of potassium channels in L. donovani. Potassium channels are known for their crucial roles in cellular functions in other organisms. Recently the presence of a calcium-activated potassium channel in L. donovani was reported which prompted us to look for other proteins which could be potassium channels and to investigate their possible physiological roles. Twenty sequences were identified in L. donovani genome and subjected to estimation of physio-chemical properties, motif analysis, localization prediction and transmembrane domain analysis. Structural predictions were also done. The channels were majorly α-helical and predominantly localized in cell membrane and lysosomes. The signature selectivity filter of potassium channel was present in all the sequences. In addition to the conventional potassium channel activity, they were associated with gene ontology terms for mitotic cell cycle, cell death, modulation by virus of host process, cell motility etc. The entire study indicates the presence of potassium channel families in L. donovani which may have involvement in several cellular pathways. Further investigations on these putative potassium channels are needed to elucidate their roles in Leishmania. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03692-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindita Paul
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Shubham Sunil Chumbale
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Anjana Lakra
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Dhanashri Sudam Alhat
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
| | - Sushma Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, SAS Nagar, Mohali, 160062 Punjab India
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Navarro-Pérez M, Estadella I, Benavente-Garcia A, Orellana-Fernández R, Petit A, Ferreres JC, Felipe A. The Phosphorylation of Kv1.3: A Modulatory Mechanism for a Multifunctional Ion Channel. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2716. [PMID: 37345053 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 plays a pivotal role in a myriad of biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Kv1.3 undergoes fine-tuned regulation, and its altered expression or function correlates with tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Moreover, posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as phosphorylation, have evolved as rapid switch-like moieties that tightly modulate channel activity. In addition, kinases are promising targets in anticancer therapies. The diverse serine/threonine and tyrosine kinases function on Kv1.3 and the effects of its phosphorylation vary depending on multiple factors. For instance, Kv1.3 regulatory subunits (KCNE4 and Kvβ) can be phosphorylated, increasing the complexity of channel modulation. Scaffold proteins allow the Kv1.3 channelosome and kinase to form protein complexes, thereby favoring the attachment of phosphate groups. This review compiles the network triggers and signaling pathways that culminate in Kv1.3 phosphorylation. Alterations to Kv1.3 expression and its phosphorylation are detailed, emphasizing the importance of this channel as an anticancer target. Overall, further research on Kv1.3 kinase-dependent effects should be addressed to develop effective antineoplastic drugs while minimizing side effects. This promising field encourages basic cancer research while inspiring new therapy development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Navarro-Pérez
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Estadella
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Benavente-Garcia
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Petit
- Departament de Patologia, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet del Llobregat, 08908 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Carles Ferreres
- Servei d'Anatomia Patològica, Parc Taulí Hospital Universitari, Institut d'Investigació i Innovació Parc Taulí (I3PT-CERCA), 08208 Sabadell, Spain
- Departament de Ciències Morfològiques, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Varanita T, Angi B, Scattolini V, Szabo I. Kv1.3 K + Channel Physiology Assessed by Genetic and Pharmacological Modulation. Physiology (Bethesda) 2023; 38:0. [PMID: 35998249 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00010.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels are widespread over all kingdoms and play an important role in the maintenance of cellular ionic homeostasis. Kv1.3 is a voltage-gated potassium channel of the Shaker family with a wide tissue expression and a well-defined pharmacology. In recent decades, experiments mainly based on pharmacological modulation of Kv1.3 have highlighted its crucial contribution to different fundamental processes such as regulation of proliferation, apoptosis, and metabolism. These findings link channel function to various pathologies ranging from autoimmune diseases to obesity and cancer. In the present review, we briefly summarize studies employing Kv1.3 knockout animal models to confirm such roles and discuss the findings in comparison to the results obtained by pharmacological modulation of Kv1.3 in various pathophysiological settings. We also underline how these studies contributed to our understanding of channel function in vivo and propose possible future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatrice Angi
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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10
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Combining mKate2-Kv1.3 Channel and Atto488-Hongotoxin for the Studies of Peptide Pore Blockers on Living Eukaryotic Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120858. [PMID: 36548755 PMCID: PMC9780825 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage-gated potassium Kv1.3 channel is an essential component of vital cellular processes which is also involved in the pathogenesis of some autoimmune, neuroinflammatory and oncological diseases. Pore blockers of the Kv1.3 channel are considered as potential drugs and are used to study Kv1 channels' structure and functions. Screening and study of the blockers require the assessment of their ability to bind the channel. Expanding the variety of methods used for this, we report on the development of the fluorescent competitive binding assay for measuring affinities of pore blockers to Kv1.3 at the membrane of mammalian cells. The assay constituents are hongotoxin 1 conjugated with Atto488, fluorescent mKate2-tagged Kv1.3 channel, which was designed to improve membrane expression of the channel in mammalian cells, confocal microscopy, and a special protocol of image processing. The assay is implemented in the "mix and measure", format and allows the screening of Kv1.3 blockers, such as peptide toxins, that bind to the extracellular vestibule of the K+-conducting pore, and analyzing their affinity.
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11
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhou L, Yuan X, Wang Y, Deng Q, Deng Z, Xu S, Wang Q, Xie H, Li J. Nav1.8 in keratinocytes contributes to ROS-mediated inflammation in inflammatory skin diseases. Redox Biol 2022; 55:102427. [PMID: 35952475 PMCID: PMC9372634 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-activated proinflammatory signals in keratinocytes play a crucial role in the immunoregulation of inflammatory skin diseases, including rosacea and psoriasis. Nav1.8 is a voltage-gated sodium ion channel, and its abnormal expression in the epidermal layer contributes to pain hypersensitivity in the skin. However, whether and how epidermal Nav1.8 is involved in skin immunoregulation remains unclear. This study was performed to identify the therapeutic role of Nav1.8 in inflammatory skin disorders. We found that Nav1.8 expression was significantly upregulated in the epidermis of rosacea and psoriasis skin lesions. Nav1.8 knockdown ameliorated skin inflammation in LL37-and imiquimod-induced inflammation mouse models. Transcriptome sequencing results indicated that Nav1.8 regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators (IL1β and IL6) in keratinocytes, thereby contributing to immune infiltration in inflammatory skin disorders. In vitro, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), a cytokine that drives the development of various inflammatory skin disorders, increased Nav1.8 expression in keratinocytes. Knockdown of Nav1.8 eliminated excess ROS production, thereby attenuating the TNFα-induced production of inflammatory mediators; however, a Nav1.8 blocker did not have the same effect. Mechanistically, Nav1.8 reduced superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) activity by directly binding to SOD2 to prevent its deacetylation and mitochondrial localization, subsequently inducing ROS accumulation. Collectively, our study describes a central role for Nav1.8 in regulating pro-inflammatory responses in the skin and indicates a novel therapeutic strategy for rosacea and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiya Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Yangfan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yaling Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhili Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - San Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Hunan Binsis Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Changsha, China
| | - Hongfu Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Ji Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Hunan Key Laboratory of Aging Biology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.
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Revuelta M, Urrutia J, Villarroel A, Casis O. Microglia-Mediated Inflammation and Neural Stem Cell Differentiation in Alzheimer's Disease: Possible Therapeutic Role of K V1.3 Channel Blockade. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:868842. [PMID: 35530176 PMCID: PMC9070300 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.868842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Increase of deposits of amyloid β peptides in the extracellular matrix is landmark during Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) due to the imbalance in the production vs. clearance. This accumulation of amyloid β deposits triggers microglial activation. Microglia plays a dual role in AD, a protective role by clearing the deposits of amyloid β peptides increasing the phagocytic response (CD163, IGF-1 or BDNF) and a cytotoxic role, releasing free radicals (ROS or NO) and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β) in response to reactive gliosis activated by the amyloid β aggregates. Microglia activation correlated with an increase KV1.3 channels expression, protein levels and current density. Several studies highlight the importance of KV1.3 in the activation of inflammatory response and inhibition of neural progenitor cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation. However, little is known about the pathways of this activation in neural stem cells differentiation and proliferation and the role in amyloid β accumulation. In recent studies using in vitro cells derived from mice models, it has been demonstrated that KV1.3 blockers inhibit microglia-mediated neurotoxicity in culture reducing the expression and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α through the NF-kB and p38MAPK pathway. Overall, we conclude that KV1.3 blockers change the course of AD development, reducing microglial cytotoxic activation and increasing neural stem cell differentiation. However, further investigations are needed to establish the specific pathway and to validate the use of this blocker as therapeutic treatment in Alzheimer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miren Revuelta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Janire Urrutia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursery, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Alvaro Villarroel
- Instituto Biofisika, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Oscar Casis
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Capera J, Pérez-Verdaguer M, Navarro-Pérez M, Felipe A. Kv1.3 Controls Mitochondrial Dynamics during Cell Cycle Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13174457. [PMID: 34503267 PMCID: PMC8431373 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Voltage-dependent potassium channels control the proliferation of mammalian cells. In addition, mitochondria physiology is highly dynamic during the cell cycle. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the Kv1.3 channel participates in the mitochondrial control of cell cycle progression. Our data confirmed that Kv1.3 facilitates the proliferation of preadipocytes through the control of mitochondrial dynamics. In addition, adipogenesis was also dependent on Kv1.3 expression. We shed light on the role of Kv1.3 in mitochondria and adipose tissue metabolism, contributing further to the control of cell proliferation by Kv1.3. Abstract The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3 is a potential therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes. The genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of Kv1.3 lead to a lean phenotype in rodents. The mechanism of regulation of body weight and energy homeostasis involves Kv1.3 expression in different organs, including white and brown adipose tissues. Here, we show that Kv1.3 promotes the proliferation of preadipocytes through the control of mitochondrial dynamics. Kv1.3 is expressed in mitochondria exhibiting high affinity for the perinuclear population. The mitochondrial network is highly dynamic during the cell cycle, showing continuous fusion-fission events. The formation of a hyperfused mitochondrial network at the G1/S phase of the cell cycle is dependent on Kv1.3 expression. Our results demonstrate that Kv1.3 promotes preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation by controlling mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial dynamics at the G1 phase of the cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesusa Capera
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.P.-V.); (M.N.-P.)
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Mireia Pérez-Verdaguer
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.P.-V.); (M.N.-P.)
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - María Navarro-Pérez
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.P.-V.); (M.N.-P.)
| | - Antonio Felipe
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Departament de Bioquímica i Biomedicina Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (J.C.); (M.P.-V.); (M.N.-P.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Kravenska Y, Checchetto V, Szabo I. Routes for Potassium Ions across Mitochondrial Membranes: A Biophysical Point of View with Special Focus on the ATP-Sensitive K + Channel. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1172. [PMID: 34439838 PMCID: PMC8393992 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium ions can cross both the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes by means of multiple routes. A few potassium-permeable ion channels exist in the outer membrane, while in the inner membrane, a multitude of different potassium-selective and potassium-permeable channels mediate K+ uptake into energized mitochondria. In contrast, potassium is exported from the matrix thanks to an H+/K+ exchanger whose molecular identity is still debated. Among the K+ channels of the inner mitochondrial membrane, the most widely studied is the ATP-dependent potassium channel, whose pharmacological activation protects cells against ischemic damage and neuronal injury. In this review, we briefly summarize and compare the different hypotheses regarding the molecular identity of this patho-physiologically relevant channel, taking into account the electrophysiological characteristics of the proposed components. In addition, we discuss the characteristics of the other channels sharing localization to both the plasma membrane and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ildiko Szabo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; (Y.K.); (V.C.)
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