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Qiu W, Zhao L, Liu H, Xu P, Qian C. Hypoxia-induced NOS1 as a therapeutic target in hypercholesterolemia-related colorectal cancer. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:14. [PMID: 38755702 PMCID: PMC11100240 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-024-00338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that hypercholesterolemia increases the risk of atherosclerosis, especially because it reduces the availability of nitric oxide (NO). However, the relationship between hypercholesterolemia and NO in regulating colorectal cancer development and progression remains unknown. METHODS We conducted bioinformatics analysis, qRT-PCR, ChIP-qPCR assays, luciferase report assays, clonogenic survival assays, and multiple mouse models to investigate the function and mechanism of hypercholesterolemia in regulating NO signaling. Additionally, NOS inhibitors were used to evaluate the potential of therapeutic strategy in anti-tumor response. RESULTS Here, we show that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) cholesterol and its receptor LOX-1 are essential for hypercholesterolemia-induced colorectal tumorigenesis. Mechanically, the oxLDL promotes the oxidant stress-dependent induction of hypoxia signaling to transcriptionally up-regulate NO synthase (NOS) especially NOS1 expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. More importantly, our results suggested that selective inhibition of NOS1 with its specific inhibitor Nω-Propyl-L-arginine is a suitable therapeutic strategy for hypercholesterolemia-related CRC with both efficacy and toxicity reduction. CONCLUSIONS Our findings established that hypercholesterolemia induces the oxidant stress-dependent induction of hypoxia signaling to transcriptionally up-regulate NOS1 expression in CRC cells, and the clinically applicable NOS1 inhibitor Nω-Propyl-L-arginine represents an effective therapeutic strategy for hypercholesterolemia-related CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqing Qiu
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2000 Jiangyue Road, Shanghai, 200012, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200012, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2000 Jiangyue Road, Shanghai, 200012, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, 200012, China.
| | - Changlin Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 2000 Jiangyue Road, Shanghai, 200012, China.
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2
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Ma J, Yao Z, Ma L, Zhu Q, Zhang J, Li L, Liu C. Glucose metabolism reprogramming in gynecologic malignant tumors. J Cancer 2024; 15:2627-2645. [PMID: 38577616 PMCID: PMC10988310 DOI: 10.7150/jca.91131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of gynecological tumors are progressively increasing due to factors such as obesity, viral infection, unhealthy habits, as well as social and economic pressures. Consequently, it has emerged as a significant threat to women's health. Numerous studies have revealed the remarkable metabolic activity of tumor cells in glycolysis and its ability to influence malignant biological behavior through specific mechanisms. Therefore, it is crucial for patients and gynecologists to comprehend the role of glycolytic proteins, regulatory molecules, and signaling pathways in tumorigenesis, progression, and treatment. This article aims to review the correlation between abnormal glucose metabolism and gynecologic tumors including cervical cancer (CC), endometrial carcinoma (EC), and ovarian cancer (OC). The findings from this research will provide valuable scientific insights for early screening, timely diagnosis and treatment interventions while also aiding in the prevention of recurrence among individuals with gynecological tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liangjian Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qinyin Zhu
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Child Health, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ling Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Gynecological Oncology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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3
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Falco JA, Wynia-Smith SL, McCoy J, Smith BC, Weerapana E. Identification of Protein Targets of S-Nitroso-Coenzyme A-Mediated S-Nitrosation Using Chemoproteomics. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:193-207. [PMID: 38159293 PMCID: PMC11154738 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.3c00654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
S-Nitrosation is a cysteine post-translational modification fundamental to cellular signaling. This modification regulates protein function in numerous biological processes in the nervous, cardiovascular, and immune systems. Small molecule or protein nitrosothiols act as mediators of NO signaling by transferring the NO group (formally NO+) to a free thiol on a target protein through a transnitrosation reaction. The protein targets of specific transnitrosating agents and the extent and functional effects of S-nitrosation on these target proteins have been poorly characterized. S-nitroso-coenzyme A (CoA-SNO) was recently identified as a mediator of endogenous S-nitrosation. Here, we identified direct protein targets of CoA-SNO-mediated transnitrosation using a competitive chemical-proteomic approach that quantified the extent of modification on 789 cysteine residues in response to CoA-SNO. A subset of cysteines displayed high susceptibility to modification by CoA-SNO, including previously uncharacterized sites of S-nitrosation. We further validated and functionally characterized the functional effects of S-nitrosation on the protein targets phosphofructokinase (platelet type), ATP citrate synthase, and ornithine aminotransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Falco
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Sarah L. Wynia-Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - James McCoy
- Department of Chemistry, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Brian C. Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, Program in Chemical Biology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Mei Z, Shen Z, Pu J, Liu Q, Liu G, He X, Wang Y, Yue J, Ge S, Li T, Yuan Y, Yang L. NAT10 mediated ac4C acetylation driven m 6A modification via involvement of YTHDC1-LDHA/PFKM regulates glycolysis and promotes osteosarcoma. Cell Commun Signal 2024; 22:51. [PMID: 38233839 PMCID: PMC10795323 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01321-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The dynamic changes of RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) during cancer progression participate in various cellular processes. However, less is known about a possible direct connection between upstream regulator and m6A modification, and therefore affects oncogenic progression. Here, we have identified that a key enzyme in N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) acetylation NAT10 is highly expressed in human osteosarcoma tissues, and its knockdown enhanced m6A contents and significantly suppressed osteosarcoma cell growth, migration and invasion. Further results revealed that NAT10 silence inhibits mRNA stability and translation of m6A reader protein YTHDC1, and displayed an increase in glucose uptake, a decrease in lactate production and pyruvate content. YTHDC1 recognizes differential m6A sites on key enzymes of glycolysis phosphofructokinase (PFKM) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) mRNAs, which suppress glycolysis pathway by increasing mRNA stability of them in an m6A methylation-dependent manner. YTHDC1 partially abrogated the inhibitory effect caused by NAT10 knockdown in tumor models in vivo, lentiviral overexpression of YTHDC1 partially restored the reduced stability of YTHDC1 caused by lentiviral depleting NAT10 at the cellular level. Altogether, we found ac4C driven RNA m6A modification can positively regulate the glycolysis of cancer cells and reveals a previously unrecognized signaling axis of NAT10/ac4C-YTHDC1/m6A-LDHA/PFKM in osteosarcoma. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongting Mei
- Department of Pharmacology, (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhihua Shen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacy, (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jiaying Pu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacy, (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Guoxin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuting He
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacy, (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacy, (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinrui Yue
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Department of Pharmacy, (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shiyu Ge
- Department of Pharmacology, (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Pharmacology, (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Research, Ministry of Education), College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- National Key Laboratory of Frigid Cardiovascular Disease, Harbin, China.
- Department of Pharmacy, (The University Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Heilongjiang Province), The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- Key Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery of Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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Campos M, Albrecht LV. Hitting the Sweet Spot: How Glucose Metabolism Is Orchestrated in Space and Time by Phosphofructokinase-1. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:16. [PMID: 38201444 PMCID: PMC10778546 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis is the central metabolic pathway across all kingdoms of life. Intensive research efforts have been devoted to understanding the tightly orchestrated processes of converting glucose into energy in health and disease. Our review highlights the advances in knowledge of how metabolic and gene networks are integrated through the precise spatiotemporal compartmentalization of rate-limiting enzymes. We provide an overview of technically innovative approaches that have been applied to study phosphofructokinase-1 (PFK1), which represents the fate-determining step of oxidative glucose metabolism. Specifically, we discuss fast-acting chemical biology and optogenetic tools that have delineated new links between metabolite fluxes and transcriptional reprogramming, which operate together to enact tissue-specific processes. Finally, we discuss how recent paradigm-shifting insights into the fundamental basis of glycolytic regulatory control have shed light on the mechanisms of tumorigenesis and could provide insight into new therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Campos
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Lauren V. Albrecht
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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6
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Li C, Liu FY, Shen Y, Tian Y, Han FJ. Research progress on the mechanism of glycolysis in ovarian cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1284853. [PMID: 38090580 PMCID: PMC10715264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1284853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycolysis is the preferred energy metabolism pathway in cancer cells even when the oxygen content is sufficient. Through glycolysis, cancer cells convert glucose into pyruvic acid and then lactate to rapidly produce energy and promote cancer progression. Changes in glycolysis activity play a crucial role in the biosynthesis and energy requirements of cancer cells needed to maintain growth and metastasis. This review focuses on ovarian cancer and the significance of key rate-limiting enzymes (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase, related signaling pathways (PI3K-AKT, Wnt, MAPK, AMPK), transcription regulators (HIF-1a), and non-coding RNA in the glycolytic pathway. Understanding the relationship between glycolysis and these different mechanisms may provide new opportunities for the future treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Li
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fang-Yuan Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Shen
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Zhejiang University of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng-Juan Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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7
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Guil-Luna S, Sanchez-Montero MT, Rodríguez-Ariza A. S-Nitrosylation at the intersection of metabolism and autophagy: Implications for cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189012. [PMID: 37918453 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic plasticity, which determines tumour growth and metastasis, is now understood to be a flexible and context-specific process in cancer metabolism. One of the major pathways contributing to metabolic adaptations in eucaryotic cells is autophagy, a cellular degradation and recycling process that is activated during periods of starvation or stress to maintain metabolite and biosynthetic intermediate levels. Consequently, there is a close association between the metabolic adaptive capacity of tumour cells and autophagy-related pathways in cancer. Additionally, nitric oxide regulates protein function and signalling through S-nitrosylation, a post-translational modification that can also impact metabolism and autophagy. The primary objective of this review is to provide an up-to-date overview of the role of S-nitrosylation at the intersection of metabolism and autophagy in cancer. First, we will outline the involvement of S-nitrosylation in the metabolic adaptations that occur in tumours. Then, we will discuss the multifaceted role of autophagy in cancer, the interplay between metabolism and autophagy during tumour progression, and the contribution of S-nitrosylation to autophagic dysregulation in cancer. Finally, we will present insights into relevant therapeutic aspects and discuss prospects for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Guil-Luna
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Cancer Network Biomedical Research Center (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Comparative Anatomy and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Rodríguez-Ariza
- Maimónides Biomedical Research Institute of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain; Cancer Network Biomedical Research Center (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Medical Oncology Department, Reina Sofía University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain.
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8
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Panneerselvan P, Vasanthakumar K, Muthuswamy K, Krishnan V, Subramaniam S. Insights on the functional dualism of nitric oxide in the hallmarks of cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:189001. [PMID: 37858621 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous radical, governs a variety of physiological and pathological processes, including cancer, pro-inflammatory signalling, and vasodilation. The family of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), which comprises the constitutive forms, nNOS and eNOS, and the inducible form, iNOS, produces NO enzymatically. Additionally, NO can be generated non-enzymatically from the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway. The anti- and pro-oxidant properties of NO and its functional dualism in cancer is due to its highly reactive nature. Numerous malignancies have NOS expression, which interferes with the tumour microenvironment to modulate the tumour's growth in both favourable and unfavourable ways. NO regulates a number of mechanisms in the tumour microenvironment, including metabolism, cell cycle, DNA repair, angiogenesis, and apoptosis/necrosis, depending on its concentration and spatiotemporal profile. This review focuses on the bi-modal impact of nitric oxide on the alteration of a few cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabha Panneerselvan
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Keerthana Vasanthakumar
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Karthi Muthuswamy
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Vasanth Krishnan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India
| | - Selvakumar Subramaniam
- Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641046, India.
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Wang X, Liu Q, Peng J, Song W, Zhao J, Chen L. The Effects and Mechanisms of PBM Therapy in Accelerating Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1140. [PMID: 37509176 PMCID: PMC10377711 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Malocclusion is one of the three major diseases, the incidence of which could reach 56% of the imperiled oral and systemic health in the world today. Orthodontics is still the primary method to solve the problem. However, it is clear that many orthodontic complications are associated with courses of long-term therapy. Photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy could be used as a popular way to shorten the course of orthodontic treatment by nearly 26% to 40%. In this review, the efficacy in cells and animals, mechanisms, relevant cytokines and signaling, clinical trials and applications, and the future developments of PBM therapy in orthodontics were evaluated to demonstrate its validity. Simultaneously, based on orthodontic mechanisms and present findings, the mechanisms of acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) caused by PBM therapy were explored in relation to four aspects, including blood vessels, inflammatory response, collagen and fibers, and mineralized tissues. Also, the cooperative effects and clinical translation of PBM therapy in orthodontics have been explored in a growing numbers of studies. Up to now, PBM therapy has been gaining popularity for its non-invasive nature, easy operation, and painless procedures. However, the validity and exact mechanism of PBM therapy as an adjuvant treatment in orthodontics have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, this review summarizes the efficacy of PBM therapy on the acceleration of OTM comprehensively from various aspects and was designed to provide an evidence-based platform for the research and development of light-related orthodontic tooth movement acceleration devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wencheng Song
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
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Zhong Q, Xiao X, Qiu Y, Xu Z, Chen C, Chong B, Zhao X, Hai S, Li S, An Z, Dai L. Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e261. [PMID: 37143582 PMCID: PMC10152985 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of proteins, which provides the basis for the emergence of organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types of protein modifications, such as the most well-known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short-chain and long-chain acylation modifications, redox modifications, and irreversible modifications, have been described, and the inventory is still increasing. By changing the protein conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, and interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter the phenotypes and biological processes of cells. The homeostasis of protein modifications is important to human health. Abnormal PTMs may cause changes in protein properties and loss of protein functions, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce the characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of various PTMs in health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic prospects in various diseases by targeting PTMs and associated regulatory enzymes are also summarized. This work will deepen the understanding of protein modifications in health and diseases and promote the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xina Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yijie Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chunyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Baochen Chong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shan Hai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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11
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Lu W, Hou Q, Zhang J, Zhang W. Targeted energy metabolomics analysis of postmortem pork in an in vitro model as influenced by protein S-nitrosylation. Meat Sci 2023; 197:109073. [PMID: 36525918 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.109073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For exploring the effect of protein S-nitrosylation on the energy metabolism of early postmortem pork (within 24 h postmortem), the six Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle homogenates were treated with nitric oxide donor (NOR-3, (±)-(E)-4-Ethyl-2-(E)-hydroxyimino-5-nitro-3-hexenamide), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME, Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride) and control (0.1 M K2HPO4, pH 7.4) in the in vitro buffer system for 24 h, respectively. The western blotting result showed that NOR-3 treatment led to a greater level of protein S-nitrosylation (p < 0.05). However, S-nitrosylation levels had no significant difference between L-NAME and control groups (p > 0.05). In addition, results showed that 16 significantly differential energy metabolites were identified by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) and clearly separated among three groups in the principal component analysis. Four pathways (glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, purine metabolism and pentose phosphate pathway) related to energy metabolism were significantly influenced by different levels of protein S-nitrosylation. Furthermore, the correlation analysis of metabolites demonstrated that metabolites were in dynamic equilibrium with each other. These results indicate that protein S-nitrosylation can participate in and regulate energy metabolism postmortem pork through glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwei Lu
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wangang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing and Quality Control, Ministry of Education China, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Meat Production and Processing, Quality and Safety Control, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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Lin Y, Zhou X, Ni Y, Zhao X, Liang X. Metabolic reprogramming of the tumor immune microenvironment in ovarian cancer: A novel orientation for immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1030831. [PMID: 36311734 PMCID: PMC9613923 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1030831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic tumor, with the highest mortality rate. Numerous studies have been conducted on the treatment of ovarian cancer in the hopes of improving therapeutic outcomes. Immune cells have been revealed to play a dual function in the development of ovarian cancer, acting as both tumor promoters and tumor suppressors. Increasingly, the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) has been proposed and confirmed to play a unique role in tumor development and treatment by altering immunosuppressive and cytotoxic responses in the vicinity of tumor cells through metabolic reprogramming. Furthermore, studies of immunometabolism have provided new insights into the understanding of the TIME. Targeting or activating metabolic processes of the TIME has the potential to be an antitumor therapy modality. In this review, we summarize the composition of the TIME of ovarian cancer and its metabolic reprogramming, its relationship with drug resistance in ovarian cancer, and recent research advances in immunotherapy.
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Association of PFKM gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to cryptorchidism in a Chinese Han population. Pediatr Surg Int 2022; 38:1311-1316. [PMID: 35838787 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-022-05167-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cryptorchidism is one of the most common congenital anomalies in newborn boys. There are various risk factors that have been verified to have relationship with cryptorchidism, including exogenous and genetic, but the pathogenesis of cryptorchidism remains unclear. PFKM gene is a critical gene encodes for a regulatory enzyme, which limits the rate in the pathway of glycolysis. We assumed that cryptorchidism risk may associated with PFKM gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thus we selected three tag SNPs in the PFKM gene and aimed to investigate the possible association between PFKM gene polymorphisms and cryptorchidism risk. METHODS The SNPs were genotyped using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. 140 cases and 227 controls were enrolled in this study, including 105 unilateral cryptorchidism and 35 bilateral cases. The testis position was decided by the higher one in bilateral cases. RESULTS The frequency of allele G of SNP rs2228500 is increased in cryptorchidism patients compared to that in controls (p < 0.05). Genotypic frequencies of rs2228500 are associated with the susceptibility of cryptorchidism in the codominant model (p < 0.05). And compared with G/G genotype in the dominant model, notable decreased frequencies of A carriers (A/G-A/A genotypes) were observed in cryptorchidism patients (p = 0.0069, OR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.17-2.75). CONCLUSIONS This research first revealed that PFKM gene polymorphisms were associated with cryptorchidism in a Chinese Han population. We have offered primary evidence that the G allele and the G/G genotype of rs2228500 SNP in the PFKM gene are more frequent in patients with cryptorchidism than healthy controls.
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PFKM inhibits doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by enhancing oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11684. [PMID: 35804014 PMCID: PMC9266090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15743-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a global pandemic which affects about 26 million people. PFKM (Phosphofructokinase, Muscle), catalyzing the phosphorylation of fructose-6-phosphate, plays a very important role in cardiovascular diseases. However, the effect of PFKM in glycolysis and HF remains to be elucidated. H9c2 rat cardiomyocyte cells were treated with doxorubicin (DOX) to establish injury models, and the cell viability, apoptosis and glycolysis were measured. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunoblotting were used for gene expression. DOX treatment significantly inhibited PFKM expression in H9c2 cells. Overexpression of PFKM inhibited DOX-induced cell apoptosis and DOX-decreased glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), while silencing PFKM promoted cell apoptosis and inhibited glycolysis and OXPHOS in H9c2 cells. Moreover, PFKM regulated DOX-mediated cell viability and apoptosis through glycolysis pathway. Mechanism study showed that histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) inhibited H3K27ac-induced transcription of PFKM in DOX-treated cells and regulated glycolysis. PFKM could inhibit DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by enhancing OXPHOS and glycolysis, which might benefit us in developing novel therapeutics for prevention or treatment of HF.
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Chen X, Zou Z, Wang Q, Gao W, Zeng S, Ye S, Xu P, Huang M, Li K, Chen J, Zhong Z, Zhang Q, Hao B, Liu Q. Inhibition of NOS1 promotes the interferon response of melanoma cells. J Transl Med 2022; 20:205. [PMID: 35538490 PMCID: PMC9092760 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03403-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background NOS1 expression predicts poor prognosis in patients with melanoma. However, the molecular function of NOS1 in the type I IFN response and immune escape of melanoma is still unknown. Methods The CRISPR/Cas9 system was used to generate NOS1-knockout melanoma cells and the biological characteristics of NOS1-knockout cells were evaluated by MTT assay, clonogenic assay, EdU assay, and flow cytometric assay. The effect on tumor growth was tested in BALB/c-nu and C57BL/6 mouse models. The gene expression profiles were detected with Affymetrix microarray and RNA-seq and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and CLUE GO analysis was done. The clinical data and transcriptional profiles of melanoma patients from the public database TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus, GSE32611) were analyzed by Qlucore Omics Explorer. Results NOS1 deletion suppressed the proliferation of melanoma A375 cells in culture, blocked cell cycling at the G0/G1 phase, and decreased the tumor growth in lung metastasis nodes in a B16 melanoma xenograft mouse model. Moreover, NOS1 knockout increased the infiltration of CD3+ immune cells in tumors. The transcriptomics analysis identified 2203 differential expression genes (DEGs) after NOS1 deletion. These DEGs indicated that NOS1 deletion downregulated mostly metabolic functions but upregulated immune response pathways. After inhibiting with NOS1 inhibitor N-PLA, melanoma cells significantly increased the response to IFN\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\upalpha $$\end{document}α simulation genes (ISGs), especially the components in innate immune signaling, JAK-STAT, and TOLL-LIKE pathway. Furthermore, these NOS1-regulating immune genes (NOS1-ISGs) worked as a signature to predict poor overall survival and lower response to chemotherapy in melanoma patients. Conclusion These findings provided a transcriptional evidence of NOS1 promotion on tumor growth, which is correlated with metabolic regulation and immune escape in melanoma cells. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12967-022-03403-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, 16, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhiwei Zou
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, 16, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qianli Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, 16, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Sisi Zeng
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, 16, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Shuangyan Ye
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, 16, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, 16, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mengqiu Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, 16, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Keyi Li
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, 16, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, 16, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhuo Zhong
- Guangzhou Hospital of integrated Traditional and West Medicine, Guangzhou, 510800, China
| | - Qianbing Zhang
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, 16, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bingtao Hao
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, 16, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Qiuzhen Liu
- Cancer Research Institute, Experimental Education/Administration Center, School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University, Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, 16, Guangzhou, 510515, China. .,Pingshan District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
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Shi L, Sun HJ, Zeng JJ, Liang ZQ, Lin YH, Huang SN, Zeng JH, Yang L, Chen H, Luo J, Wei KL. Evaluation of miR-141-3p over-expression in ovarian cancer. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2022.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Yu Q, Guo M, Zeng W, Zeng M, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Jiang X, Yu B. Interactions between NLRP3 inflammasome and glycolysis in macrophages: New insights into chronic inflammation pathogenesis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2022; 10:e581. [PMID: 34904398 PMCID: PMC8926505 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages fuels sterile inflammation, which has been tied with metabolic reprogramming characterized by high glycolysis and low oxidative phosphorylation. The key enzymes in glycolysis and glycolysis‐related products can regulate and activate NLRP3 inflammasome. In turn, NLRP3 inflammasome is considered to affect glycolysis, as well. However, the exact mechanism remains ambiguous. On the basis of these findings, the focus of this review is mainly on the developments in our understanding of interaction between NLRP3 inflammasome activation and glycolysis in macrophages, and small molecule compounds that influence the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes by regulating glycolysis in macrophages. The application of this interaction in the treatment of diseases is also discussed. This paper may yield valuable clues for development of novel therapeutic agent for NLRP3 inflammasome‐related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Yu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Maojuan Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenyun Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Zeng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaolu Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenlan Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xijuan Jiang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Yu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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Sharma V, Fernando V, Letson J, Walia Y, Zheng X, Fackelman D, Furuta S. S-Nitrosylation in Tumor Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094600. [PMID: 33925645 PMCID: PMC8124305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
S-nitrosylation is a selective and reversible post-translational modification of protein thiols by nitric oxide (NO), which is a bioactive signaling molecule, to exert a variety of effects. These effects include the modulation of protein conformation, activity, stability, and protein-protein interactions. S-nitrosylation plays a central role in propagating NO signals within a cell, tissue, and tissue microenvironment, as the nitrosyl moiety can rapidly be transferred from one protein to another upon contact. This modification has also been reported to confer either tumor-suppressing or tumor-promoting effects and is portrayed as a process involved in every stage of cancer progression. In particular, S-nitrosylation has recently been found as an essential regulator of the tumor microenvironment (TME), the environment around a tumor governing the disease pathogenesis. This review aims to outline the effects of S-nitrosylation on different resident cells in the TME and the diverse outcomes in a context-dependent manner. Furthermore, we will discuss the therapeutic potentials of modulating S-nitrosylation levels in tumors.
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Combined vaccine-immune-checkpoint inhibition constitutes a promising strategy for treatment of dMMR tumors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2021; 70:3405-3419. [PMID: 33870463 PMCID: PMC8571220 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-021-02933-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Mlh1-knock-out-driven mismatch-repair-deficient (dMMR) tumors can be targeted immunologically. By applying therapeutic tumor vaccination, tumor growth is delayed but escape mechanisms evolve, including upregulation of immune-checkpoint molecules (LAG-3, PD-L1). To counteract immune escape, we investigated the therapeutic activity of a combined tumor vaccine-immune-checkpoint inhibitor therapy using α-PD-L1. Design In this trial, Mlh1-knock-out mice with established gastrointestinal tumors received single or thrice injections of α-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody clone 6E11 (2.5 mg/kg bw, q2w, i.v.) either alone or in combination with the vaccine. Longitudinal flow cytometry and PET/CT imaging studies were followed by ex vivo functional immunological and gene expression assays. Results 6E11 monotherapy slightly increased median overall survival (mOS: 6.0 weeks vs. control 4.0 weeks). Increasing the number of injections (n = 3) improved therapy outcome (mOS: 9.2 weeks) and was significantly boosted by combining 6E11 with the vaccine (mOS: 19.4 weeks vs. 10.2 weeks vaccine monotherapy). Accompanying PET/CT imaging confirmed treatment-induced tumor growth control, with the strongest inhibition in the combination group. Three mice (30%) achieved a complete remission and showed long-term survival. Decreased levels of circulating splenic and intratumoral myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and decreased numbers of immune-checkpoint-expressing splenic T cells (LAG-3, CTLA-4) accompanied therapeutic effects. Gene expression and protein analysis of residual tumors revealed downregulation of PI3K/Akt/Wnt-and TGF-signaling, leading to T cell infiltration, reduced numbers of macrophages, neutrophils and MDSC. Conclusions By successful uncoupling of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis, we provide further evidence for the safe and successful application of immunotherapies to combat dMMR-driven malignancies that warrants further investigation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00262-021-02933-4.
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