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Niu X, Wang J, Liu J, Yu Q, Ci M. 17β-Estradiol promotes metastasis in triple-negative breast cancer through the Calpain/YAP/β-catenin signaling axis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298184. [PMID: 38547301 PMCID: PMC10977805 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
β-catenin is an important regulator of malignant progression. 17β-Estradiol (E2), an important sex hormone in women, promotes the growth and metastasis of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, whether β-catenin is involved in E2-induced metastasis of TNBC remains unknown. In this study, we show that E2 induces the proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis of TNBC cells. E2 induces β-catenin protein expression and nuclear translocation, thereby regulating the expression of target genes such as Cyclin D1 and MMP-9. The inhibition of β-catenin reversed the E2-induced cell malignant behaviors. Additionally, E2 activated Calpain by increasing intracellular Ca2+ levels and reducing calpastatin levels. When Calpain was inhibited, E2 did not induce the proliferation, migration, invasion, or metastasis of TNBC cells. In addition, E2 promoted translocation of YAP into the nucleus by inhibiting its phosphorylation. Calpain inhibition reversed the E2-induced YAP dephosphorylation. Inhibition of YAP transcriptional activity reversed the effects of E2 on the proliferation, migration, invasion, and β-catenin of TNBC cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that E2 induced metastasis-related behaviors in TNBC cells and this effect was mediated through the Calpain/YAP/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Niu
- Department of oncology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Jianan Wang
- Department of oncology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, China
| | - Jinguang Liu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Qinglong Yu
- Yantai Key Laboratory of Nanomedicine & Advanced Preparations, Yantai Institute of Materia Medica, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Mingwei Ci
- Department of oncology, Weihai Central Hospital, Weihai, China
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Ren Y, Yang P, Li C, Wang WA, Zhang T, Li J, Li H, Dong C, Meng W, Zhou H. Ionizing radiation triggers mitophagy to enhance DNA damage in cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:267. [PMID: 37507394 PMCID: PMC10382586 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01573-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an important cancer treatment strategy that causes DNA damage in tumor cells either directly or indirectly. Autophagy is a physiological process linked to DNA damage. Mitophagy is a form of autophagy, which specifically targets and eliminates impaired mitochondria, thereby upholding cellular homeostasis. However, the connection between DNA damage and mitophagy has yet to be fully elucidated. We found that mitophagy, as an upstream signal, increases ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage by downregulating or overexpressing key mitophagy proteins Parkin and BNIP3. Enhancing the basal level of mitophagy in conjunction with X-ray irradiation can potentially diminish cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, substantially elevate the accumulation of γ-H2AX, 53BP1, and PARP1 foci within the nucleus, augment DNA damage, and facilitate the demise of tumor cells. Consequently, this approach prolongs the survival of melanoma-bearing mice. The findings of this study are anticipated to offer a therapeutic approach for enhancing the therapeutic effectiveness of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxian Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chenghao Li
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wen-An Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jin Li
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan Economic and Technological Development Zone, Wuhan, China
| | - Haining Li
- Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chunlu Dong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenbo Meng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Heng Zhou
- School of Public Health, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
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Hashemi M, Paskeh MDA, Orouei S, Abbasi P, Khorrami R, Dehghanpour A, Esmaeili N, Ghahremanzade A, Zandieh MA, Peymani M, Salimimoghadam S, Rashidi M, Taheriazam A, Entezari M, Hushmandi K. Towards dual function of autophagy in breast cancer: A potent regulator of tumor progression and therapy response. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114546. [PMID: 36958191 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As a devastating disease, breast cancer has been responsible for decrease in life expectancy of females and its morbidity and mortality are high. Breast cancer is the most common tumor in females and its treatment has been based on employment of surgical resection, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The changes in biological behavior of breast tumor relies on genomic and epigenetic mutations and depletions as well as dysregulation of molecular mechanisms that autophagy is among them. Autophagy function can be oncogenic in increasing tumorigenesis, and when it has pro-death function, it causes reduction in viability of tumor cells. The carcinogenic function of autophagy in breast tumor is an impediment towards effective therapy of patients, as it can cause drug resistance and radio-resistance. The important hallmarks of breast tumor such as glucose metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis can be regulated by autophagy. Oncogenic autophagy can inhibit apoptosis, while it promotes stemness of breast tumor. Moreover, autophagy demonstrates interaction with tumor microenvironment components such as macrophages and its level can be regulated by anti-tumor compounds in breast tumor therapy. The reasons of considering autophagy in breast cancer therapy is its pleiotropic function, dual role (pro-survival and pro-death) and crosstalk with important molecular mechanisms such as apoptosis. Moreover, current review provides a pre-clinical and clinical evaluation of autophagy in breast tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Deldar Abad Paskeh
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sima Orouei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Abbasi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramin Khorrami
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Dehghanpour
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negin Esmaeili
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azin Ghahremanzade
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Arad Zandieh
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Shokooh Salimimoghadam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 4815733971, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maliheh Entezari
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Ionizing Radiation Upregulates Glutamine Metabolism and Induces Cell Death via Accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2021:5826932. [PMID: 35028001 PMCID: PMC8749225 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5826932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Glutamine metabolism provides energy to tumor cells and also produces reactive oxygen species (ROS). Excessive accumulation of ROS can damage mitochondria and eventually lead to cell death. xCT (SLC7A11) is responsible for the synthesis of glutathione in order to neutralize ROS. In addition, mitophagy can remove damaged mitochondria to keep the cell alive. Ionizing radiation kills tumor cells by causing the accumulation of ROS, which subsequently induces nuclear DNA damage. With this in mind, we explored the mechanism of intracellular ROS accumulation induced by ionizing radiation and hypothesized new methods to enhance the effect of radiotherapy. We used MCF-7 breast cancer cells and HCT116 colorectal cancer cells in our study. The above-mentioned cells were irradiated with different doses of X-rays or carbon ions. Clone formation assays were used to detect cell proliferation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) detected ATP, and glutathione (GSH) production, while the expression of proteins was detected by Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR analysis. The production of ROS was detected by flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence was used to track mitophagy-related processes. Finally, BALB/C tumor-bearing nude mice were irradiated with X-rays in order to further explore the protein expression found in tumors with the use of immunohistochemistry. Ionizing radiation increased the protein expressions of ASCT2, GLS, and GLUD in order to upregulate the glutamine metabolic flux in tumor cells. This caused an increase in ATP secretion. Meanwhile, ionizing radiation inhibited the expression of the xCT (SLC7A11) protein and reduced the generation of glutathione, leading to excessive accumulation of intracellular ROS. The mitophagy inhibitor, or knockdown Parkin gene, is able to enhance the ionizing radiation-induced ROS production and increase nucleus DNA damage. This combined treatment can significantly improve the killing effect of radiation on tumor cells. We concluded that ionizing radiation could upregulate the glutamine metabolic flux and enhance ROS accumulation in mitochondria. Ionizing radiation also decreased the SLC7A11 expression, resulting in reduced GSH generation. Therefore, inhibition of mitophagy can increase ionizing radiation-induced cell death.
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